@syllst/ka 0.3.7 → 0.3.11
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +15 -80
- package/dist/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.js +67 -41
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs +75 -0
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +7 -4
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-D7wYzNIf.js +0 -56
- package/dist/index-D7wYzNIf.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js +0 -48
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js +0 -42
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js +0 -193
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js +0 -196
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js +0 -148
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js +0 -169
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js +0 -185
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js +0 -193
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js +0 -189
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js +0 -242
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js +0 -159
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js +0 -184
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js +0 -310
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js +0 -155
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js +0 -197
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js +0 -192
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js +0 -181
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js +0 -166
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js +0 -220
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js +0 -201
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js +0 -214
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js +0 -197
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js +0 -227
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js +0 -175
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js +0 -192
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js +0 -161
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js +0 -201
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js +0 -224
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js +0 -208
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js +0 -177
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js +0 -215
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js +0 -189
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js +0 -223
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js +0 -182
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js +0 -213
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js +0 -228
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js +0 -196
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js +0 -190
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js +0 -267
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js +0 -27
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js.map +0 -1
|
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
const e = `---
|
|
2
|
-
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
-
id: georgian-grammar-lesson-01
|
|
4
|
-
title: "გაკვეთილი 1 — სიტყვების რიგი (SOV Word Order)"
|
|
5
|
-
description: "Georgian uses Subject-Object-Verb word order — the sentence backbone"
|
|
6
|
-
order: 1
|
|
7
|
-
parentId: georgian-grammar
|
|
8
|
-
difficulty: intermediate
|
|
9
|
-
cefrLevel: A2
|
|
10
|
-
categories:
|
|
11
|
-
- grammar
|
|
12
|
-
- word-order
|
|
13
|
-
metadata:
|
|
14
|
-
estimatedTime: 30
|
|
15
|
-
prerequisites: []
|
|
16
|
-
learningObjectives:
|
|
17
|
-
- id: obj-01-sov-recognize
|
|
18
|
-
description: "Recognize Georgian SOV sentence order"
|
|
19
|
-
skill: pattern-recognition
|
|
20
|
-
- id: obj-01-sov-arrange
|
|
21
|
-
description: "Arrange words in correct SOV order"
|
|
22
|
-
skill: word-order
|
|
23
|
-
- id: obj-01-sov-apply
|
|
24
|
-
description: "Produce simple SOV sentences in Georgian"
|
|
25
|
-
skill: pattern-application
|
|
26
|
-
---
|
|
27
|
-
|
|
28
|
-
# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — SOV Word Order
|
|
29
|
-
|
|
30
|
-
## Introduction
|
|
31
|
-
|
|
32
|
-
One of the first things to understand about Georgian grammar is where the verb goes. In English, the verb sits in the middle of a sentence: **I read a book** (Subject-Verb-Object). In Georgian, the verb moves to the **end**: **მე წიგნს ვკითხულობ** (me tsigns vkitxulob) — literally, **I book read**.
|
|
33
|
-
|
|
34
|
-
This pattern is called **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb), and it is consistent throughout Georgian. Once you internalize this, sentences become much easier to build.
|
|
35
|
-
|
|
36
|
-
## The Core Pattern
|
|
37
|
-
|
|
38
|
-
| English (SVO) | Georgian (SOV) | Transliteration |
|
|
39
|
-
|---------------|----------------|-----------------|
|
|
40
|
-
| I drink water | მე წყალს ვსვამ | me tsqals vsvam |
|
|
41
|
-
| She reads a book | ის წიგნს კითხულობს | is tsigns kitxulobs |
|
|
42
|
-
| We eat bread | ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ | chven purs vchamt |
|
|
43
|
-
| He writes a letter | ის წერილს წერს | is tserils tsers |
|
|
44
|
-
| They speak Georgian | ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ | isini kartuls saubroben |
|
|
45
|
-
|
|
46
|
-
Notice: the verb is always **last**.
|
|
47
|
-
|
|
48
|
-
## Breaking Down a Sentence
|
|
49
|
-
|
|
50
|
-
Take the sentence **მე წყალს ვსვამ** (I drink water):
|
|
51
|
-
|
|
52
|
-
| Part | Georgian | Role |
|
|
53
|
-
|------|----------|------|
|
|
54
|
-
| მე | me | Subject — I |
|
|
55
|
-
| წყალს | tsqals | Object — water (with case ending -ს) |
|
|
56
|
-
| ვსვამ | vsvam | Verb — drink (with prefix ვ- marking first person) |
|
|
57
|
-
|
|
58
|
-
The **-ს** ending on the object is the dative case marker — you will study cases fully in Lesson 3. For now, note that objects often take a suffix that distinguishes them from subjects.
|
|
59
|
-
|
|
60
|
-
## Common Verbs for Practice
|
|
61
|
-
|
|
62
|
-
:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-gram-01-verbs" title="Common Georgian Verbs"}
|
|
63
|
-
|
|
64
|
-
::vocab-item{id="vkitxulob" word="ვკითხულობ" pronunciation="v-ki-txu-lob" meaning="I read"}
|
|
65
|
-
|
|
66
|
-
::vocab-item{id="vsvam" word="ვსვამ" pronunciation="v-svam" meaning="I drink"}
|
|
67
|
-
|
|
68
|
-
::vocab-item{id="vchamt" word="ვჭამ" pronunciation="v-cham" meaning="I eat"}
|
|
69
|
-
|
|
70
|
-
::vocab-item{id="vtsert" word="ვწერ" pronunciation="v-tser" meaning="I write"}
|
|
71
|
-
|
|
72
|
-
::vocab-item{id="vsaubrob" word="ვსაუბრობ" pronunciation="v-sau-brob" meaning="I speak/talk"}
|
|
73
|
-
|
|
74
|
-
:::
|
|
75
|
-
|
|
76
|
-
## Word Order is Flexible — With a Catch
|
|
77
|
-
|
|
78
|
-
Georgian allows some flexibility: the subject and object can be rearranged for emphasis, but the **verb almost always stays at the end**. This is a firm rule for learners to follow.
|
|
79
|
-
|
|
80
|
-
**Normal order**: მე წყალს ვსვამ (I water drink)
|
|
81
|
-
**Emphatic object**: წყალს მე ვსვამ (Water, I drink — emphasizing *I* specifically drink water)
|
|
82
|
-
|
|
83
|
-
Both are grammatically correct, but the verb ვსვამ never moves from the final position.
|
|
84
|
-
|
|
85
|
-
## Practice Exercises
|
|
86
|
-
|
|
87
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-gram-01-pattern-recognition" type="matching" title="Identify the Verb" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-01-sov-recognize"}
|
|
88
|
-
|
|
89
|
-
**Question:** In each Georgian sentence, identify which word is the verb (always at the end)
|
|
90
|
-
|
|
91
|
-
- ის წიგნს კითხულობს
|
|
92
|
-
- ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ
|
|
93
|
-
- ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ
|
|
94
|
-
- ის წერილს წერს
|
|
95
|
-
|
|
96
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
97
|
-
|
|
98
|
-
- ის წიგნს **კითხულობს** — reads (verb at end)
|
|
99
|
-
- ჩვენ პურს **ვჭამთ** — eat (verb at end)
|
|
100
|
-
- ისინი ქართულს **საუბრობენ** — speak (verb at end)
|
|
101
|
-
- ის წერილს **წერს** — writes (verb at end)
|
|
102
|
-
|
|
103
|
-
**Explanation:** In Georgian SOV structure, the verb is always the final word in a basic declarative sentence. The -ს suffix on the object and the verb-final position are reliable signals.
|
|
104
|
-
|
|
105
|
-
:::
|
|
106
|
-
|
|
107
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-gram-01-word-order" type="fill-in-blank" title="Arrange the Sentence" skill="word-order" objectiveId="obj-01-sov-arrange"}
|
|
108
|
-
|
|
109
|
-
**Question:** Reorder the words to form a correct Georgian sentence (SOV)
|
|
110
|
-
|
|
111
|
-
1. Words: **ვსვამ / წყალს / მე** → I drink water
|
|
112
|
-
2. Words: **კითხულობს / წიგნს / ის** → She reads a book
|
|
113
|
-
3. Words: **ვწერ / წერილს / მე** → I write a letter
|
|
114
|
-
|
|
115
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
116
|
-
|
|
117
|
-
1. მე წყალს ვსვამ
|
|
118
|
-
2. ის წიგნს კითხულობს
|
|
119
|
-
3. მე წერილს ვწერ
|
|
120
|
-
|
|
121
|
-
**Explanation:** Place the subject first, then the object, then the verb last. The verb-final rule is consistent in Georgian declarative sentences.
|
|
122
|
-
|
|
123
|
-
:::
|
|
124
|
-
|
|
125
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-gram-01-pattern-application" type="multiple-choice" title="Choose the Correct Sentence" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-01-sov-apply"}
|
|
126
|
-
|
|
127
|
-
**Question:** Which sentence follows correct Georgian word order?
|
|
128
|
-
|
|
129
|
-
**Options:**
|
|
130
|
-
- მე ვსვამ წყალს
|
|
131
|
-
- ვსვამ მე წყალს
|
|
132
|
-
- მე წყალს ვსვამ
|
|
133
|
-
- წყალს ვსვამ ვსვამ
|
|
134
|
-
|
|
135
|
-
**Answer:** 3
|
|
136
|
-
|
|
137
|
-
**Explanation:** Georgian requires the verb at the end. Option 3 — მე წყალს ვსვამ — places the subject (მე) first, the object (წყალს) second, and the verb (ვსვამ) last. This is correct SOV order.
|
|
138
|
-
|
|
139
|
-
:::
|
|
140
|
-
|
|
141
|
-
## What's Next
|
|
142
|
-
|
|
143
|
-
In Lesson 2, you will learn personal pronouns and the verb "to be" — the foundation for describing who people are and what things are.
|
|
144
|
-
`;
|
|
145
|
-
export {
|
|
146
|
-
e as default
|
|
147
|
-
};
|
|
148
|
-
//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js.map
|
|
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — სიტყვების რიგი (SOV Word Order)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Georgian uses Subject-Object-Verb word order — the sentence backbone\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - grammar\\n - word-order\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-01-sov-recognize\\n description: \\\"Recognize Georgian SOV sentence order\\\"\\n skill: pattern-recognition\\n - id: obj-01-sov-arrange\\n description: \\\"Arrange words in correct SOV order\\\"\\n skill: word-order\\n - id: obj-01-sov-apply\\n description: \\\"Produce simple SOV sentences in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: pattern-application\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — SOV Word Order\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nOne of the first things to understand about Georgian grammar is where the verb goes. In English, the verb sits in the middle of a sentence: **I read a book** (Subject-Verb-Object). In Georgian, the verb moves to the **end**: **მე წიგნს ვკითხულობ** (me tsigns vkitxulob) — literally, **I book read**.\\n\\nThis pattern is called **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb), and it is consistent throughout Georgian. Once you internalize this, sentences become much easier to build.\\n\\n## The Core Pattern\\n\\n| English (SVO) | Georgian (SOV) | Transliteration |\\n|---------------|----------------|-----------------|\\n| I drink water | მე წყალს ვსვამ | me tsqals vsvam |\\n| She reads a book | ის წიგნს კითხულობს | is tsigns kitxulobs |\\n| We eat bread | ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ | chven purs vchamt |\\n| He writes a letter | ის წერილს წერს | is tserils tsers |\\n| They speak Georgian | ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ | isini kartuls saubroben |\\n\\nNotice: the verb is always **last**.\\n\\n## Breaking Down a Sentence\\n\\nTake the sentence **მე წყალს ვსვამ** (I drink water):\\n\\n| Part | Georgian | Role |\\n|------|----------|------|\\n| მე | me | Subject — I |\\n| წყალს | tsqals | Object — water (with case ending -ს) |\\n| ვსვამ | vsvam | Verb — drink (with prefix ვ- marking first person) |\\n\\nThe **-ს** ending on the object is the dative case marker — you will study cases fully in Lesson 3. For now, note that objects often take a suffix that distinguishes them from subjects.\\n\\n## Common Verbs for Practice\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-verbs\\\" title=\\\"Common Georgian Verbs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vkitxulob\\\" word=\\\"ვკითხულობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-ki-txu-lob\\\" meaning=\\\"I read\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsvam\\\" word=\\\"ვსვამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-svam\\\" meaning=\\\"I drink\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vchamt\\\" word=\\\"ვჭამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-cham\\\" meaning=\\\"I eat\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vtsert\\\" word=\\\"ვწერ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-tser\\\" meaning=\\\"I write\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsaubrob\\\" word=\\\"ვსაუბრობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-sau-brob\\\" meaning=\\\"I speak/talk\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Word Order is Flexible — With a Catch\\n\\nGeorgian allows some flexibility: the subject and object can be rearranged for emphasis, but the **verb almost always stays at the end**. This is a firm rule for learners to follow.\\n\\n**Normal order**: მე წყალს ვსვამ (I water drink)\\n**Emphatic object**: წყალს მე ვსვამ (Water, I drink — emphasizing *I* specifically drink water)\\n\\nBoth are grammatically correct, but the verb ვსვამ never moves from the final position.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-pattern-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify the Verb\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-recognize\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** In each Georgian sentence, identify which word is the verb (always at the end)\\n\\n- ის წიგნს კითხულობს\\n- ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ\\n- ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ\\n- ის წერილს წერს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ის წიგნს **კითხულობს** — reads (verb at end)\\n- ჩვენ პურს **ვჭამთ** — eat (verb at end)\\n- ისინი ქართულს **საუბრობენ** — speak (verb at end)\\n- ის წერილს **წერს** — writes (verb at end)\\n\\n**Explanation:** In Georgian SOV structure, the verb is always the final word in a basic declarative sentence. The -ს suffix on the object and the verb-final position are reliable signals.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-word-order\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Arrange the Sentence\\\" skill=\\\"word-order\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-arrange\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Reorder the words to form a correct Georgian sentence (SOV)\\n\\n1. Words: **ვსვამ / წყალს / მე** → I drink water\\n2. Words: **კითხულობს / წიგნს / ის** → She reads a book\\n3. Words: **ვწერ / წერილს / მე** → I write a letter\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე წყალს ვსვამ\\n2. ის წიგნს კითხულობს\\n3. მე წერილს ვწერ\\n\\n**Explanation:** Place the subject first, then the object, then the verb last. The verb-final rule is consistent in Georgian declarative sentences.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-pattern-application\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Choose the Correct Sentence\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which sentence follows correct Georgian word order?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- მე ვსვამ წყალს\\n- ვსვამ მე წყალს\\n- მე წყალს ვსვამ\\n- წყალს ვსვამ ვსვამ\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian requires the verb at the end. Option 3 — მე წყალს ვსვამ — places the subject (მე) first, the object (წყალს) second, and the verb (ვსვამ) last. This is correct SOV order.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn personal pronouns and the verb \\\"to be\\\" — the foundation for describing who people are and what things are.\\n\""],"names":["lesson01"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
|
|
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
const e = `---
|
|
2
|
-
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
-
id: georgian-essentials-lesson-01
|
|
4
|
-
title: "გაკვეთილი 1 — მოკითხვა და გამოთხოვება"
|
|
5
|
-
description: "Greetings and Farewells: გამარჯობა and meeting people"
|
|
6
|
-
order: 1
|
|
7
|
-
parentId: georgian-essentials
|
|
8
|
-
difficulty: beginner
|
|
9
|
-
cefrLevel: A1
|
|
10
|
-
categories:
|
|
11
|
-
- greetings
|
|
12
|
-
- farewells
|
|
13
|
-
- basics
|
|
14
|
-
metadata:
|
|
15
|
-
estimatedTime: 30
|
|
16
|
-
prerequisites: []
|
|
17
|
-
learningObjectives:
|
|
18
|
-
- id: obj-greetings-hello-goodbye
|
|
19
|
-
description: "Say hello and goodbye in Georgian"
|
|
20
|
-
skill: word-production
|
|
21
|
-
- id: obj-greetings-time-of-day
|
|
22
|
-
description: "Use time-appropriate greetings"
|
|
23
|
-
skill: situational-response
|
|
24
|
-
- id: obj-greetings-formal-informal
|
|
25
|
-
description: "Distinguish formal and informal registers"
|
|
26
|
-
skill: polite-register
|
|
27
|
-
---
|
|
28
|
-
|
|
29
|
-
# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Greetings and Farewells
|
|
30
|
-
|
|
31
|
-
## Introduction
|
|
32
|
-
|
|
33
|
-
The first word you will use in Georgian is გამარჯობა (gamarjoba) — hello. Georgian greetings reflect the culture's warmth and hospitality. Unlike some languages, Georgian greetings vary by time of day and by the number of people you are addressing, which makes them rich and expressive.
|
|
34
|
-
|
|
35
|
-
## The Universal Greeting
|
|
36
|
-
|
|
37
|
-
:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-greetings-core" title="Core Greetings"}
|
|
38
|
-
|
|
39
|
-
::vocab-item{id="gamarjoba" word="გამარჯობა" pronunciation="ga-mar-jo-ba" meaning="Hello (to one person)"}
|
|
40
|
-
|
|
41
|
-
::vocab-item{id="gamarjobat" word="გამარჯობათ" pronunciation="ga-mar-jo-bat" meaning="Hello (to multiple people, or formal)"}
|
|
42
|
-
|
|
43
|
-
::vocab-item{id="nakhvamdis" word="ნახვამდის" pronunciation="nakh-vam-dis" meaning="Goodbye"}
|
|
44
|
-
|
|
45
|
-
::vocab-item{id="monaximet" word="მოგვნახეთ" pronunciation="mo-gv-na-khet" meaning="Come and visit us (warm farewell)"}
|
|
46
|
-
|
|
47
|
-
:::
|
|
48
|
-
|
|
49
|
-
## Time-Specific Greetings
|
|
50
|
-
|
|
51
|
-
Georgian has distinct greetings for different parts of the day:
|
|
52
|
-
|
|
53
|
-
| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|
|
54
|
-
|----------|---------------|---------|
|
|
55
|
-
| დილა მშვიდობისა | di-la mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good morning |
|
|
56
|
-
| შუადღე მშვიდობისა | shua-dghe mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good afternoon |
|
|
57
|
-
| საღამო მშვიდობისა | sa-gha-mo mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good evening |
|
|
58
|
-
| ღამე მშვიდობისა | gha-me mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good night |
|
|
59
|
-
|
|
60
|
-
The word **მშვიდობისა** (mshvidobisa) means "of peace" — so every time-specific Georgian greeting literally wishes the other person peace.
|
|
61
|
-
|
|
62
|
-
## Formal vs Informal
|
|
63
|
-
|
|
64
|
-
Georgian distinguishes between talking to one person and talking to a group or showing respect:
|
|
65
|
-
|
|
66
|
-
| Situation | Georgian | Notes |
|
|
67
|
-
|-----------|----------|-------|
|
|
68
|
-
| Greeting a friend | გამარჯობა | Singular, informal |
|
|
69
|
-
| Greeting a stranger or elder | გამარჯობათ | Plural/formal, shows respect |
|
|
70
|
-
| Greeting multiple people | გამარჯობათ | Always use plural form |
|
|
71
|
-
|
|
72
|
-
## Parting Words
|
|
73
|
-
|
|
74
|
-
:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-farewells" title="Farewells"}
|
|
75
|
-
|
|
76
|
-
::vocab-item{id="nakhvamdis-2" word="ნახვამდის" pronunciation="nakh-vam-dis" meaning="Goodbye (until we meet again)"}
|
|
77
|
-
|
|
78
|
-
::vocab-item{id="kargad-iyavi" word="კარგად იყავი" pronunciation="kar-gad i-ya-vi" meaning="Take care (to one person)"}
|
|
79
|
-
|
|
80
|
-
::vocab-item{id="kargad-iyavit" word="კარგად იყავით" pronunciation="kar-gad i-ya-vit" meaning="Take care (to multiple, or formal)"}
|
|
81
|
-
|
|
82
|
-
::vocab-item{id="tsudi-ar-iyos" word="ცუდი არ იყოს" pronunciation="tsu-di ar i-yos" meaning="May nothing bad happen (warm farewell)"}
|
|
83
|
-
|
|
84
|
-
:::
|
|
85
|
-
|
|
86
|
-
## Sample Conversation
|
|
87
|
-
|
|
88
|
-
**A**: გამარჯობა! (Hello!)
|
|
89
|
-
**B**: გამარჯობა! როგორ ხარ? (Hello! How are you?)
|
|
90
|
-
**A**: კარგად, გმადლობთ. შენ? (Fine, thank you. And you?)
|
|
91
|
-
**B**: მეც კარგად. (I'm also fine.)
|
|
92
|
-
**A**: ნახვამდის! (Goodbye!)
|
|
93
|
-
**B**: კარგად იყავი! (Take care!)
|
|
94
|
-
|
|
95
|
-
## Cultural Note: გამარჯობა
|
|
96
|
-
|
|
97
|
-
The word გამარჯობა literally derives from **გამარჯვება** (gamarjveba), meaning "victory." The traditional greeting is thus a wish: "May you be victorious!" This reflects Georgia's long history of defending its culture and independence.
|
|
98
|
-
|
|
99
|
-
## Key Points
|
|
100
|
-
|
|
101
|
-
1. **გამარჯობა works for hello**: Use it any time of day
|
|
102
|
-
2. **Add -თ for formality or groups**: გამარჯობა → გამარჯობათ
|
|
103
|
-
3. **ნახვამდის for goodbye**: Literally "until we see each other again"
|
|
104
|
-
4. **Time greetings all end in მშვიდობისა**: The word for "peace"
|
|
105
|
-
|
|
106
|
-
## Practice Exercises
|
|
107
|
-
|
|
108
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-ess-01-greetings-match" type="matching" title="Match Greetings to Situations" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-greetings-time-of-day"}
|
|
109
|
-
|
|
110
|
-
**Question:** Match each greeting to the correct time of day
|
|
111
|
-
|
|
112
|
-
- დილა მშვიდობისა
|
|
113
|
-
- შუადღე მშვიდობისა
|
|
114
|
-
- საღამო მშვიდობისა
|
|
115
|
-
- ღამე მშვიდობისა
|
|
116
|
-
|
|
117
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
118
|
-
|
|
119
|
-
- დილა მშვიდობისა = Good morning (დილა means morning)
|
|
120
|
-
- შუადღე მშვიდობისა = Good afternoon (შუადღე means midday)
|
|
121
|
-
- საღამო მშვიდობისა = Good evening (საღამო means evening)
|
|
122
|
-
- ღამე მშვიდობისა = Good night (ღამე means night)
|
|
123
|
-
|
|
124
|
-
**Explanation:** Every Georgian time greeting uses მშვიდობისა, which means "of peace." The first word changes to indicate the time of day.
|
|
125
|
-
|
|
126
|
-
:::
|
|
127
|
-
|
|
128
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-ess-01-formal-informal" type="multiple-choice" title="Formal or Informal?" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-greetings-formal-informal"}
|
|
129
|
-
|
|
130
|
-
**Question:** You are greeting an elderly Georgian woman you have just met. Which greeting do you use?
|
|
131
|
-
|
|
132
|
-
**Options:**
|
|
133
|
-
- გამარჯობა
|
|
134
|
-
- გამარჯობათ
|
|
135
|
-
- ნახვამდის
|
|
136
|
-
- კარგად იყავი
|
|
137
|
-
|
|
138
|
-
**Answer:** 2
|
|
139
|
-
|
|
140
|
-
**Explanation:** Use გამარჯობათ (with -თ) to show respect to elders, strangers, or when addressing more than one person. The -თ suffix marks formality and plurality in Georgian.
|
|
141
|
-
|
|
142
|
-
:::
|
|
143
|
-
|
|
144
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-ess-01-hello-goodbye" type="fill-in-blank" title="Hello and Goodbye" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-greetings-hello-goodbye"}
|
|
145
|
-
|
|
146
|
-
**Question:** Complete each exchange with the correct Georgian word
|
|
147
|
-
|
|
148
|
-
1. Meeting a friend: ___ (hello)
|
|
149
|
-
2. Leaving a friend: ___ (goodbye)
|
|
150
|
-
3. Wishing someone well: კარგად ___ (take care, singular)
|
|
151
|
-
|
|
152
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
153
|
-
|
|
154
|
-
1. გამარჯობა
|
|
155
|
-
2. ნახვამდის
|
|
156
|
-
3. კარგად **იყავი**
|
|
157
|
-
|
|
158
|
-
**Explanation:** გამარჯობა is the standard hello, ნახვამდის is goodbye, and კარგად იყავი means "be well" or "take care" — a warm way to part from someone.
|
|
159
|
-
|
|
160
|
-
:::
|
|
161
|
-
|
|
162
|
-
## What's Next
|
|
163
|
-
|
|
164
|
-
In Lesson 2, you will learn the essential polite expressions — please, thank you, and sorry — that are the foundation of courteous Georgian interaction.
|
|
165
|
-
`;
|
|
166
|
-
export {
|
|
167
|
-
e as default
|
|
168
|
-
};
|
|
169
|
-
//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js.map
|
|
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — მოკითხვა და გამოთხოვება\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Greetings and Farewells: გამარჯობა and meeting people\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - greetings\\n - farewells\\n - basics\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\\n description: \\\"Say hello and goodbye in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-greetings-time-of-day\\n description: \\\"Use time-appropriate greetings\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-greetings-formal-informal\\n description: \\\"Distinguish formal and informal registers\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Greetings and Farewells\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThe first word you will use in Georgian is გამარჯობა (gamarjoba) — hello. Georgian greetings reflect the culture's warmth and hospitality. Unlike some languages, Georgian greetings vary by time of day and by the number of people you are addressing, which makes them rich and expressive.\\n\\n## The Universal Greeting\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-greetings-core\\\" title=\\\"Core Greetings\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamarjoba\\\" word=\\\"გამარჯობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mar-jo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Hello (to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamarjobat\\\" word=\\\"გამარჯობათ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mar-jo-bat\\\" meaning=\\\"Hello (to multiple people, or formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"nakhvamdis\\\" word=\\\"ნახვამდის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"nakh-vam-dis\\\" meaning=\\\"Goodbye\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"monaximet\\\" word=\\\"მოგვნახეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-gv-na-khet\\\" meaning=\\\"Come and visit us (warm farewell)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Time-Specific Greetings\\n\\nGeorgian has distinct greetings for different parts of the day:\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| დილა მშვიდობისა | di-la mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good morning |\\n| შუადღე მშვიდობისა | shua-dghe mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good afternoon |\\n| საღამო მშვიდობისა | sa-gha-mo mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good evening |\\n| ღამე მშვიდობისა | gha-me mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good night |\\n\\nThe word **მშვიდობისა** (mshvidobisa) means \\\"of peace\\\" — so every time-specific Georgian greeting literally wishes the other person peace.\\n\\n## Formal vs Informal\\n\\nGeorgian distinguishes between talking to one person and talking to a group or showing respect:\\n\\n| Situation | Georgian | Notes |\\n|-----------|----------|-------|\\n| Greeting a friend | გამარჯობა | Singular, informal |\\n| Greeting a stranger or elder | გამარჯობათ | Plural/formal, shows respect |\\n| Greeting multiple people | გამარჯობათ | Always use plural form |\\n\\n## Parting Words\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-farewells\\\" title=\\\"Farewells\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"nakhvamdis-2\\\" word=\\\"ნახვამდის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"nakh-vam-dis\\\" meaning=\\\"Goodbye (until we meet again)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kargad-iyavi\\\" word=\\\"კარგად იყავი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kar-gad i-ya-vi\\\" meaning=\\\"Take care (to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kargad-iyavit\\\" word=\\\"კარგად იყავით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kar-gad i-ya-vit\\\" meaning=\\\"Take care (to multiple, or formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tsudi-ar-iyos\\\" word=\\\"ცუდი არ იყოს\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsu-di ar i-yos\\\" meaning=\\\"May nothing bad happen (warm farewell)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation\\n\\n**A**: გამარჯობა! (Hello!)\\n**B**: გამარჯობა! როგორ ხარ? (Hello! How are you?)\\n**A**: კარგად, გმადლობთ. შენ? (Fine, thank you. And you?)\\n**B**: მეც კარგად. (I'm also fine.)\\n**A**: ნახვამდის! (Goodbye!)\\n**B**: კარგად იყავი! (Take care!)\\n\\n## Cultural Note: გამარჯობა\\n\\nThe word გამარჯობა literally derives from **გამარჯვება** (gamarjveba), meaning \\\"victory.\\\" The traditional greeting is thus a wish: \\\"May you be victorious!\\\" This reflects Georgia's long history of defending its culture and independence.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **გამარჯობა works for hello**: Use it any time of day\\n2. **Add -თ for formality or groups**: გამარჯობა → გამარჯობათ\\n3. **ნახვამდის for goodbye**: Literally \\\"until we see each other again\\\"\\n4. **Time greetings all end in მშვიდობისა**: The word for \\\"peace\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-greetings-match\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Greetings to Situations\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-time-of-day\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each greeting to the correct time of day\\n\\n- დილა მშვიდობისა\\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა\\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა\\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- დილა მშვიდობისა = Good morning (დილა means morning)\\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა = Good afternoon (შუადღე means midday)\\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა = Good evening (საღამო means evening)\\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა = Good night (ღამე means night)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Every Georgian time greeting uses მშვიდობისა, which means \\\"of peace.\\\" The first word changes to indicate the time of day.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-formal-informal\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Formal or Informal?\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-formal-informal\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You are greeting an elderly Georgian woman you have just met. Which greeting do you use?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- გამარჯობა\\n- გამარჯობათ\\n- ნახვამდის\\n- კარგად იყავი\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** Use გამარჯობათ (with -თ) to show respect to elders, strangers, or when addressing more than one person. The -თ suffix marks formality and plurality in Georgian.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-hello-goodbye\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Hello and Goodbye\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete each exchange with the correct Georgian word\\n\\n1. Meeting a friend: ___ (hello)\\n2. Leaving a friend: ___ (goodbye)\\n3. Wishing someone well: კარგად ___ (take care, singular)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. გამარჯობა\\n2. ნახვამდის\\n3. კარგად **იყავი**\\n\\n**Explanation:** გამარჯობა is the standard hello, ნახვამდის is goodbye, and კარგად იყავი means \\\"be well\\\" or \\\"take care\\\" — a warm way to part from someone.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn the essential polite expressions — please, thank you, and sorry — that are the foundation of courteous Georgian interaction.\\n\""],"names":["lesson01"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
|
|
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
const n = `---
|
|
2
|
-
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
-
id: georgian-reading-lesson-01
|
|
4
|
-
title: "გაკვეთილი 1 — მარტივი სიტყვები (Simple Words)"
|
|
5
|
-
description: "Reading CVC words and common 2-3 syllable Georgian words"
|
|
6
|
-
order: 1
|
|
7
|
-
parentId: georgian-reading
|
|
8
|
-
difficulty: intermediate
|
|
9
|
-
cefrLevel: A2
|
|
10
|
-
categories:
|
|
11
|
-
- reading
|
|
12
|
-
- decoding
|
|
13
|
-
- vocabulary
|
|
14
|
-
metadata:
|
|
15
|
-
estimatedTime: 30
|
|
16
|
-
prerequisites:
|
|
17
|
-
- georgian-alphabet-lesson-01
|
|
18
|
-
- georgian-alphabet-lesson-02
|
|
19
|
-
- georgian-alphabet-lesson-03
|
|
20
|
-
- georgian-alphabet-lesson-04
|
|
21
|
-
- georgian-alphabet-lesson-05
|
|
22
|
-
learningObjectives:
|
|
23
|
-
- id: obj-read-01-decode-cvc
|
|
24
|
-
description: "Decode simple CVC and two-syllable Georgian words"
|
|
25
|
-
skill: text-decoding
|
|
26
|
-
- id: obj-read-01-pronounce-words
|
|
27
|
-
description: "Pronounce common Georgian words accurately"
|
|
28
|
-
skill: word-pronunciation
|
|
29
|
-
- id: obj-read-01-recognize-common
|
|
30
|
-
description: "Recognize high-frequency short Georgian words by sight"
|
|
31
|
-
skill: word-recognition
|
|
32
|
-
---
|
|
33
|
-
|
|
34
|
-
# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Simple Words
|
|
35
|
-
|
|
36
|
-
## Introduction
|
|
37
|
-
|
|
38
|
-
Now that you know the Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli script), it is time to put letters together into words. Georgian spelling is almost perfectly phonemic — each letter maps to exactly one sound, and words are pronounced exactly as written. This makes reading Georgian far more predictable than English.
|
|
39
|
-
|
|
40
|
-
## How Georgian Syllables Work
|
|
41
|
-
|
|
42
|
-
A basic Georgian syllable has this structure: (consonant) + vowel + (consonant). Georgian also allows complex consonant clusters, but we start with simple patterns.
|
|
43
|
-
|
|
44
|
-
| Pattern | Example | Transliteration | Meaning |
|
|
45
|
-
|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|
|
|
46
|
-
| CV | და | da | and / sister |
|
|
47
|
-
| CVC | კატ | kat | cat |
|
|
48
|
-
| CVCC | ბალთ | balt | buckle |
|
|
49
|
-
| V | ა | a | ah (exclamation) |
|
|
50
|
-
|
|
51
|
-
## Simple CVC Words to Read
|
|
52
|
-
|
|
53
|
-
Practice reading each word aloud. The transliteration is provided to check your reading:
|
|
54
|
-
|
|
55
|
-
| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
|
|
56
|
-
|----------|-----------------|---------|
|
|
57
|
-
| კაბა | ka-ba | dress |
|
|
58
|
-
| დედა | de-da | mother |
|
|
59
|
-
| მამა | ma-ma | father |
|
|
60
|
-
| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |
|
|
61
|
-
| კარი | ka-ri | door |
|
|
62
|
-
| ფული | fu-li | money |
|
|
63
|
-
| წყალი | tsqa-li | water |
|
|
64
|
-
|
|
65
|
-
:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-01-simple" title="Simple Words"}
|
|
66
|
-
|
|
67
|
-
::vocab-item{id="kaba" word="კაბა" pronunciation="ka-ba" meaning="dress"}
|
|
68
|
-
|
|
69
|
-
::vocab-item{id="kari" word="კარი" pronunciation="ka-ri" meaning="door"}
|
|
70
|
-
|
|
71
|
-
::vocab-item{id="puli" word="ფული" pronunciation="fu-li" meaning="money"}
|
|
72
|
-
|
|
73
|
-
::vocab-item{id="tsqali" word="წყალი" pronunciation="tsqa-li" meaning="water"}
|
|
74
|
-
|
|
75
|
-
::vocab-item{id="deda-read" word="დედა" pronunciation="de-da" meaning="mother"}
|
|
76
|
-
|
|
77
|
-
::vocab-item{id="mama-read" word="მამა" pronunciation="ma-ma" meaning="father"}
|
|
78
|
-
|
|
79
|
-
:::
|
|
80
|
-
|
|
81
|
-
## Reading Strategy: Left to Right, Letter by Letter
|
|
82
|
-
|
|
83
|
-
Georgian is read strictly left to right. Each character represents one sound. When you see a word, decode it letter by letter:
|
|
84
|
-
|
|
85
|
-
**Example**: კ-ა-რ-ი = k + a + r + i = **kari** (door)
|
|
86
|
-
|
|
87
|
-
**Example**: წ-ყ-ა-ლ-ი = ts + q + a + l + i = **tsqali** (water)
|
|
88
|
-
|
|
89
|
-
Note that წყ is a two-letter cluster representing the sound /tsq/. This is one of Georgian's characteristic consonant clusters.
|
|
90
|
-
|
|
91
|
-
## Common Two-Syllable Words
|
|
92
|
-
|
|
93
|
-
| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
|
|
94
|
-
|----------|-----------------|---------|
|
|
95
|
-
| ბაბუა | ba-bu-a | grandfather |
|
|
96
|
-
| ბებია | be-bi-a | grandmother |
|
|
97
|
-
| ქალი | qa-li | woman |
|
|
98
|
-
| კაცი | ka-tsi | man |
|
|
99
|
-
| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |
|
|
100
|
-
| ლუდი | lu-di | beer |
|
|
101
|
-
| ღვინო | ghvi-no | wine |
|
|
102
|
-
|
|
103
|
-
## Reading Practice: Short Word List
|
|
104
|
-
|
|
105
|
-
Read each of these words aloud, then check against the transliteration:
|
|
106
|
-
|
|
107
|
-
**ქა-ლი** — woman (qa-li)
|
|
108
|
-
**კა-ცი** — man (ka-tsi)
|
|
109
|
-
**ბა-ბუ-ა** — grandfather (ba-bu-a)
|
|
110
|
-
**ბე-ბი-ა** — grandmother (be-bi-a)
|
|
111
|
-
**ლუ-დი** — beer (lu-di)
|
|
112
|
-
**ღვი-ნო** — wine (ghvi-no)
|
|
113
|
-
|
|
114
|
-
## Cultural Note: Georgian Orthography
|
|
115
|
-
|
|
116
|
-
Georgian spelling is nearly perfectly phonemic — unlike English where "through," "though," "thought," and "tough" all have different pronunciations despite looking similar. In Georgian, what you see is what you say. This means once you know the alphabet, you can read any Georgian text aloud correctly, even if you do not know the meaning of the words.
|
|
117
|
-
|
|
118
|
-
## Practice Exercises
|
|
119
|
-
|
|
120
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-read-01-decode" type="fill-in-blank" title="Decode Simple Words" skill="text-decoding" objectiveId="obj-read-01-decode-cvc"}
|
|
121
|
-
|
|
122
|
-
**Question:** Write the transliteration for each Georgian word
|
|
123
|
-
|
|
124
|
-
1. კარი = ___
|
|
125
|
-
2. ფული = ___
|
|
126
|
-
3. დედა = ___
|
|
127
|
-
4. ღვინო = ___
|
|
128
|
-
|
|
129
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
130
|
-
|
|
131
|
-
1. ka-ri
|
|
132
|
-
2. fu-li
|
|
133
|
-
3. de-da
|
|
134
|
-
4. ghvi-no
|
|
135
|
-
|
|
136
|
-
**Explanation:** Decode each letter: კ=k, ა=a, რ=r, ი=i → kari. ფ=f, უ=u, ლ=l, ი=i → fuli. დ=d, ე=e, დ=d, ა=a → deda. ღ=gh, ვ=v, ი=i, ნ=n, ო=o → ghvino.
|
|
137
|
-
|
|
138
|
-
:::
|
|
139
|
-
|
|
140
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-read-01-meaning" type="matching" title="Word Meanings" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-read-01-recognize-common"}
|
|
141
|
-
|
|
142
|
-
**Question:** Match each Georgian word to its English meaning
|
|
143
|
-
|
|
144
|
-
- კაბა
|
|
145
|
-
- კარი
|
|
146
|
-
- ბებია
|
|
147
|
-
- ბავშვი
|
|
148
|
-
- ლუდი
|
|
149
|
-
|
|
150
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
151
|
-
|
|
152
|
-
- კაბა → dress
|
|
153
|
-
- კარი → door
|
|
154
|
-
- ბებია → grandmother
|
|
155
|
-
- ბავშვი → child
|
|
156
|
-
- ლუდი → beer
|
|
157
|
-
|
|
158
|
-
**Explanation:** These are common two-syllable words. ბებია and ბაბუა (grandmother/grandfather) follow the reduplicated syllable pattern common in Georgian kinship terms.
|
|
159
|
-
|
|
160
|
-
:::
|
|
161
|
-
|
|
162
|
-
:::exercise{id="ka-read-01-pronunciation" type="multiple-choice" title="Correct Pronunciation" skill="word-pronunciation" objectiveId="obj-read-01-pronounce-words"}
|
|
163
|
-
|
|
164
|
-
**Question:** How is the word წყალი pronounced?
|
|
165
|
-
|
|
166
|
-
**Options:**
|
|
167
|
-
- wa-li
|
|
168
|
-
- tsa-li
|
|
169
|
-
- tsqa-li
|
|
170
|
-
- sqa-li
|
|
171
|
-
|
|
172
|
-
**Answer:** 3
|
|
173
|
-
|
|
174
|
-
**Explanation:** წ represents the affricate /ts/, and ყ is a pharyngealized /q/ — together წყ makes /tsq/. So წყალი = tsqa-li. This consonant cluster is characteristic of Georgian and is found in the common word for water.
|
|
175
|
-
|
|
176
|
-
:::
|
|
177
|
-
|
|
178
|
-
## What's Next
|
|
179
|
-
|
|
180
|
-
In Lesson 2, you will practice reading Georgian signs — the written word you encounter every day in streets, shops, and public spaces.
|
|
181
|
-
`;
|
|
182
|
-
export {
|
|
183
|
-
n as default
|
|
184
|
-
};
|
|
185
|
-
//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js.map
|
|
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-reading-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — მარტივი სიტყვები (Simple Words)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Reading CVC words and common 2-3 syllable Georgian words\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-reading\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - reading\\n - decoding\\n - vocabulary\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-read-01-decode-cvc\\n description: \\\"Decode simple CVC and two-syllable Georgian words\\\"\\n skill: text-decoding\\n - id: obj-read-01-pronounce-words\\n description: \\\"Pronounce common Georgian words accurately\\\"\\n skill: word-pronunciation\\n - id: obj-read-01-recognize-common\\n description: \\\"Recognize high-frequency short Georgian words by sight\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Simple Words\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nNow that you know the Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli script), it is time to put letters together into words. Georgian spelling is almost perfectly phonemic — each letter maps to exactly one sound, and words are pronounced exactly as written. This makes reading Georgian far more predictable than English.\\n\\n## How Georgian Syllables Work\\n\\nA basic Georgian syllable has this structure: (consonant) + vowel + (consonant). Georgian also allows complex consonant clusters, but we start with simple patterns.\\n\\n| Pattern | Example | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|\\n| CV | და | da | and / sister |\\n| CVC | კატ | kat | cat |\\n| CVCC | ბალთ | balt | buckle |\\n| V | ა | a | ah (exclamation) |\\n\\n## Simple CVC Words to Read\\n\\nPractice reading each word aloud. The transliteration is provided to check your reading:\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| კაბა | ka-ba | dress |\\n| დედა | de-da | mother |\\n| მამა | ma-ma | father |\\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\\n| კარი | ka-ri | door |\\n| ფული | fu-li | money |\\n| წყალი | tsqa-li | water |\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-01-simple\\\" title=\\\"Simple Words\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kaba\\\" word=\\\"კაბა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ka-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"dress\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kari\\\" word=\\\"კარი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ka-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"door\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"puli\\\" word=\\\"ფული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"fu-li\\\" meaning=\\\"money\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tsqali\\\" word=\\\"წყალი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsqa-li\\\" meaning=\\\"water\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"deda-read\\\" word=\\\"დედა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"de-da\\\" meaning=\\\"mother\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mama-read\\\" word=\\\"მამა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ma-ma\\\" meaning=\\\"father\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Reading Strategy: Left to Right, Letter by Letter\\n\\nGeorgian is read strictly left to right. Each character represents one sound. When you see a word, decode it letter by letter:\\n\\n**Example**: კ-ა-რ-ი = k + a + r + i = **kari** (door)\\n\\n**Example**: წ-ყ-ა-ლ-ი = ts + q + a + l + i = **tsqali** (water)\\n\\nNote that წყ is a two-letter cluster representing the sound /tsq/. This is one of Georgian's characteristic consonant clusters.\\n\\n## Common Two-Syllable Words\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| ბაბუა | ba-bu-a | grandfather |\\n| ბებია | be-bi-a | grandmother |\\n| ქალი | qa-li | woman |\\n| კაცი | ka-tsi | man |\\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\\n| ლუდი | lu-di | beer |\\n| ღვინო | ghvi-no | wine |\\n\\n## Reading Practice: Short Word List\\n\\nRead each of these words aloud, then check against the transliteration:\\n\\n**ქა-ლი** — woman (qa-li)\\n**კა-ცი** — man (ka-tsi)\\n**ბა-ბუ-ა** — grandfather (ba-bu-a)\\n**ბე-ბი-ა** — grandmother (be-bi-a)\\n**ლუ-დი** — beer (lu-di)\\n**ღვი-ნო** — wine (ghvi-no)\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Orthography\\n\\nGeorgian spelling is nearly perfectly phonemic — unlike English where \\\"through,\\\" \\\"though,\\\" \\\"thought,\\\" and \\\"tough\\\" all have different pronunciations despite looking similar. In Georgian, what you see is what you say. This means once you know the alphabet, you can read any Georgian text aloud correctly, even if you do not know the meaning of the words.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-decode\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Decode Simple Words\\\" skill=\\\"text-decoding\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-decode-cvc\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Write the transliteration for each Georgian word\\n\\n1. კარი = ___\\n2. ფული = ___\\n3. დედა = ___\\n4. ღვინო = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. ka-ri\\n2. fu-li\\n3. de-da\\n4. ghvi-no\\n\\n**Explanation:** Decode each letter: კ=k, ა=a, რ=r, ი=i → kari. ფ=f, უ=u, ლ=l, ი=i → fuli. დ=d, ე=e, დ=d, ა=a → deda. ღ=gh, ვ=v, ი=i, ნ=n, ო=o → ghvino.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-meaning\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Word Meanings\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-recognize-common\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian word to its English meaning\\n\\n- კაბა\\n- კარი\\n- ბებია\\n- ბავშვი\\n- ლუდი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- კაბა → dress\\n- კარი → door\\n- ბებია → grandmother\\n- ბავშვი → child\\n- ლუდი → beer\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are common two-syllable words. ბებია and ბაბუა (grandmother/grandfather) follow the reduplicated syllable pattern common in Georgian kinship terms.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-pronunciation\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Correct Pronunciation\\\" skill=\\\"word-pronunciation\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-pronounce-words\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How is the word წყალი pronounced?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- wa-li\\n- tsa-li\\n- tsqa-li\\n- sqa-li\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** წ represents the affricate /ts/, and ყ is a pharyngealized /q/ — together წყ makes /tsq/. So წყალი = tsqa-li. This consonant cluster is characteristic of Georgian and is found in the common word for water.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will practice reading Georgian signs — the written word you encounter every day in streets, shops, and public spaces.\\n\""],"names":["lesson01"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
|