@prometheus-ai/agent 0.5.0

package/src/sdk.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2374 @@
+import {
+	Agent,
+	type AgentEvent,
+	type AgentMessage,
+	type AgentTelemetryConfig,
+	type AgentTool,
+	AppendOnlyContextManager,
+	INTENT_FIELD,
+	type ThinkingLevel,
+} from "@prometheus-ai/agent-core";
+import {
+	type CredentialDisabledEvent,
+	isUsageLimitError,
+	type Message,
+	type Model,
+	type SimpleStreamOptions,
+	streamSimple,
+} from "@prometheus-ai/ai";
+import {
+	getOpenAICodexTransportDetails,
+	prewarmOpenAICodexResponses,
+} from "@prometheus-ai/ai/providers/openai-codex-responses";
+import type { Component } from "@prometheus-ai/tui";
+import {
+	$env,
+	$flag,
+	extractRetryHint,
+	getAgentDbPath,
+	getAgentDir,
+	getAuthBrokerSnapshotCachePath,
+	getProjectDir,
+	logger,
+	postmortem,
+	prompt,
+	Snowflake,
+} from "@prometheus-ai/utils";
+import chalk from "chalk";
+import { type AsyncJob, AsyncJobManager, isBackgroundJobSupportEnabled } from "./async";
+import { createAutoresearchExtension } from "./autoresearch";
+import { loadCapability } from "./capability";
+import { type Rule, ruleCapability, setActiveRules } from "./capability/rule";
+import { bucketRules } from "./capability/rule-buckets";
+import { shouldEnableAppendOnlyContext } from "./config/append-only-context-mode";
+import { ModelRegistry } from "./config/model-registry";
+import {
+	formatModelString,
+	parseModelPattern,
+	parseModelString,
+	resolveAllowedModels,
+	resolveModelRoleValue,
+} from "./config/model-resolver";
+import { loadPromptTemplates as loadPromptTemplatesInternal, type PromptTemplate } from "./config/prompt-templates";
+import { Settings, type SkillsSettings } from "./config/settings";
+import { CursorExecHandlers } from "./cursor";
+import "./discovery";
+import { resolveConfigValue } from "./config/resolve-config-value";
+import { initializeWithSettings } from "./discovery";
+import { disposeAllKernelSessions, disposeKernelSessionsByOwner } from "./eval/py/executor";
+import { defaultEvalSessionId } from "./eval/session-id";
+import { TtsrManager } from "./export/ttsr";
+import {
+	type CustomCommandsLoadResult,
+	type LoadedCustomCommand,
+	loadCustomCommands as loadCustomCommandsInternal,
+} from "./extensibility/custom-commands";
+import { discoverAndLoadCustomTools } from "./extensibility/custom-tools";
+import type { CustomTool, CustomToolContext, CustomToolSessionEvent } from "./extensibility/custom-tools/types";
+import {
+	discoverAndLoadExtensions,
+	type ExtensionContext,
+	type ExtensionFactory,
+	ExtensionRunner,
+	ExtensionToolWrapper,
+	type ExtensionUIContext,
+	type LoadExtensionsResult,
+	loadExtensionFromFactory,
+	loadExtensions,
+	type ToolDefinition,
+	wrapRegisteredTools,
+} from "./extensibility/extensions";
+import {
+	loadSkills as loadSkillsInternal,
+	type Skill,
+	type SkillWarning,
+	setActiveSkills,
+} from "./extensibility/skills";
+import { type FileSlashCommand, loadSlashCommands as loadSlashCommandsInternal } from "./extensibility/slash-commands";
+import type { HindsightSessionState } from "./hindsight/state";
+import { LocalProtocolHandler, type LocalProtocolOptions } from "./internal-urls";
+import { LSP_STARTUP_EVENT_CHANNEL, type LspStartupEvent } from "./lsp/startup-events";
+import { discoverAndLoadMCPTools, MCPManager, type MCPToolsLoadResult } from "./mcp";
+import { resolveMemoryBackend } from "./memory-backend";
+import { getMnemopiSessionState, type MnemopiSessionState } from "./mnemopi/state";
+import asyncResultTemplate from "./prompts/tools/async-result.md" with { type: "text" };
+import { AgentRegistry, MAIN_AGENT_ID } from "./registry/agent-registry";
+import {
+	collectEnvSecrets,
+	deobfuscateSessionContext,
+	loadSecrets,
+	obfuscateMessages,
+	SecretObfuscator,
+} from "./secrets";
+import { AgentSession } from "./session/agent-session";
+import { resolveAuthBrokerConfig } from "./session/auth-broker-config";
+import {
+	AuthBrokerClient,
+	AuthStorage,
+	DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+	RemoteAuthCredentialStore,
+	readAuthBrokerSnapshotCache,
+	type SnapshotResponse,
+	writeAuthBrokerSnapshotCache,
+} from "./session/auth-storage";
+import { type CustomMessage, convertToLlm, wrapSteeringForModel } from "./session/messages";
+import { getRestorableSessionModels, SessionManager } from "./session/session-manager";
+import { closeAllConnections } from "./ssh/connection-manager";
+import { unmountAll } from "./ssh/sshfs-mount";
+import {
+	type BuildSystemPromptResult,
+	buildSystemPrompt as buildSystemPromptInternal,
+	buildSystemPromptToolMetadata,
+	loadProjectContextFiles as loadContextFilesInternal,
+} from "./system-prompt";
+import { AgentOutputManager } from "./task/output-manager";
+import {
+	AUTO_THINKING,
+	type ConfiguredThinkingLevel,
+	parseThinkingLevel,
+	resolveProvisionalAutoLevel,
+	resolveThinkingLevelForModel,
+	toReasoningEffort,
+} from "./thinking";
+import { countToolsForAutoDiscovery, resolveEffectiveToolDiscoveryMode } from "./tool-discovery/mode";
+import {
+	collectDiscoverableTools,
+	type DiscoverableTool,
+	filterBySource,
+	formatDiscoverableToolServerSummary,
+	selectDiscoverableToolNamesByServer,
+	summarizeDiscoverableTools,
+} from "./tool-discovery/tool-index";
+import {
+	BashTool,
+	BUILTIN_TOOLS,
+	computeEssentialBuiltinNames,
+	createTools,
+	discoverStartupLspServers,
+	EditTool,
+	EvalTool,
+	FindTool,
+	getSearchTools,
+	HIDDEN_TOOLS,
+	isImageProviderPreference,
+	isSearchProviderPreference,
+	type LspStartupServerInfo,
+	loadSshTool,
+	ReadTool,
+	ResolveTool,
+	renderSearchToolBm25Description,
+	SearchTool,
+	SearchToolBm25Tool,
+	setPreferredImageProvider,
+	setPreferredSearchProvider,
+	type Tool,
+	type ToolSession,
+	WebSearchTool,
+	WriteTool,
+	warmupLspServers,
+} from "./tools";
+import { ToolContextStore } from "./tools/context";
+import { getImageGenTools } from "./tools/image-gen";
+import { wrapToolWithMetaNotice } from "./tools/output-meta";
+import { queueResolveHandler } from "./tools/resolve";
+import { ttsTool } from "./tools/tts";
+import { EventBus } from "./utils/event-bus";
+import { buildNamedToolChoice } from "./utils/tool-choice";
+import { buildWorkspaceTree, type WorkspaceTree } from "./workspace-tree";
+
+type AsyncResultEntry = {
+	jobId: string;
+	result: string;
+	job: AsyncJob | undefined;
+	durationMs: number | undefined;
+};
+
+type AsyncResultJobDetails = {
+	jobId: string;
+	type?: "bash" | "task";
+	label?: string;
+	durationMs?: number;
+};
+
+type AsyncResultDetails = {
+	jobs: AsyncResultJobDetails[];
+};
+
+type McpNotificationEntry = {
+	serverName: string;
+	uri: string;
+};
+
+function buildAsyncResultBatchMessage(entries: AsyncResultEntry[]): CustomMessage<AsyncResultDetails> | null {
+	if (entries.length === 0) return null;
+	const jobs = entries.map(entry => ({
+		jobId: entry.jobId,
+		result: entry.result,
+		type: entry.job?.type,
+		label: entry.job?.label,
+		durationMs: entry.durationMs,
+	}));
+	const details: AsyncResultDetails = {
+		jobs: jobs.map(job => ({
+			jobId: job.jobId,
+			type: job.type,
+			label: job.label,
+			durationMs: job.durationMs,
+		})),
+	};
+	return {
+		role: "custom",
+		customType: "async-result",
+		content: prompt.render(asyncResultTemplate, {
+			multiple: jobs.length > 1,
+			jobs,
+		}),
+		display: true,
+		attribution: "agent",
+		details,
+		timestamp: Date.now(),
+	};
+}
+
+function buildMcpNotificationBatchMessage(entries: McpNotificationEntry[]): AgentMessage | null {
+	const resources: McpNotificationEntry[] = [];
+	const seen = new Set<string>();
+	for (const entry of entries) {
+		const key = `${entry.serverName}\0${entry.uri}`;
+		if (seen.has(key)) continue;
+		seen.add(key);
+		resources.push(entry);
+	}
+	if (resources.length === 0) return null;
+	const lines = [`[MCP notification] ${resources.length} resource(s) updated:`];
+	for (const resource of resources) {
+		lines.push(`- server="${resource.serverName}" uri=${resource.uri}`);
+	}
+	lines.push('Use read(path="mcp://<uri>") to inspect if relevant.');
+	return {
+		role: "user",
+		content: [{ type: "text", text: lines.join("\n") }],
+		attribution: "agent",
+		timestamp: Date.now(),
+	};
+}
+
+// Types
+export interface CreateAgentSessionOptions {
+	/** Working directory for project-local discovery. Default: getProjectDir() */
+	cwd?: string;
+	/** Global config directory. Default: ~/.prometheus/agent */
+	agentDir?: string;
+	/** Spawns to allow. Default: "*" */
+	spawns?: string;
+
+	/** Auth storage for credentials. Default: discoverAuthStorage(agentDir) */
+	authStorage?: AuthStorage;
+	/** Model registry. Default: discoverModels(authStorage, agentDir) */
+	modelRegistry?: ModelRegistry;
+
+	/** Model to use. Default: from settings, else first available */
+	model?: Model;
+	/** Raw model pattern string (e.g. from --model CLI flag) to resolve after extensions load.
+	 * Used when model lookup is deferred because extension-provided models aren't registered yet. */
+	modelPattern?: string;
+	/** Thinking selector. Default: from settings, else unset */
+	thinkingLevel?: ConfiguredThinkingLevel;
+	/** Models available for cycling (Ctrl+P in interactive mode) */
+	scopedModels?: Array<{ model: Model; thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel }>;
+
+	/** System prompt blocks. Array replaces default, function receives default blocks and returns final blocks. */
+	systemPrompt?: string[] | ((defaultPrompt: string[]) => string[]);
+	/** Optional provider-facing session identifier for prompt caches and sticky auth selection.
+	 * Keeps persisted session files isolated while reusing provider-side caches. */
+	providerSessionId?: string;
+
+	/** Custom tools to register (in addition to built-in tools). Accepts both CustomTool and ToolDefinition. */
+	customTools?: (CustomTool | ToolDefinition)[];
+	/** Inline extensions (merged with discovery). */
+	extensions?: ExtensionFactory[];
+	/** Additional extension paths to load (merged with discovery). */
+	additionalExtensionPaths?: string[];
+	/** Disable extension discovery (explicit paths still load). */
+	disableExtensionDiscovery?: boolean;
+	/**
+	 * Pre-loaded extensions (skips file discovery).
+	 * @internal Used by CLI when extensions are loaded early to parse custom flags.
+	 */
+	preloadedExtensions?: LoadExtensionsResult;
+
+	/** Shared event bus for tool/extension communication. Default: creates new bus. */
+	eventBus?: EventBus;
+
+	/** Skills. Default: discovered from multiple locations */
+	skills?: Skill[];
+	/** Rules. Default: discovered from multiple locations */
+	rules?: Rule[];
+	/** Context files (AGENTS.md content). Default: discovered walking up from cwd */
+	contextFiles?: Array<{ path: string; content: string }>;
+	/** Pre-built workspace tree (skips re-scanning; passed by parents to subagents). */
+	workspaceTree?: WorkspaceTree;
+	/** Prompt templates. Default: discovered from cwd/.prometheus/prompts/ + agentDir/prompts/ */
+	promptTemplates?: PromptTemplate[];
+	/** File-based slash commands. Default: discovered from commands/ directories */
+	slashCommands?: FileSlashCommand[];
+
+	/** Enable MCP server discovery from .mcp.json files. Default: true */
+	enableMCP?: boolean;
+	/** Existing MCP manager to reuse (skips discovery, propagates to toolSession). */
+	mcpManager?: MCPManager;
+
+	/** Enable LSP integration (tool, formatting, diagnostics, warmup). Default: true */
+	enableLsp?: boolean;
+	/** Skip Python kernel availability check and prelude warmup */
+	skipPythonPreflight?: boolean;
+	/** Tool names explicitly requested (enables disabled-by-default tools) */
+	toolNames?: string[];
+
+	/** Output schema for structured completion (subagents) */
+	outputSchema?: unknown;
+	/** Whether to include the yield tool by default */
+	requireYieldTool?: boolean;
+	/** Task recursion depth (for subagent sessions). Default: 0 */
+	taskDepth?: number;
+	/** Parent Hindsight state to alias for subagent memory tools. */
+	parentHindsightSessionState?: HindsightSessionState;
+	/** Parent Mnemopi state to alias for subagent memory tools. */
+	parentMnemopiSessionState?: MnemopiSessionState;
+	/** Pre-allocated agent identity for IRC routing. Default: "Main" for top-level, parentTaskPrefix-derived for sub. */
+	agentId?: string;
+	/** Display name for the agent in IRC. Default: "main" or "sub". */
+	agentDisplayName?: string;
+	/** Optional shared agent registry for IRC routing. Default: AgentRegistry.global(). */
+	agentRegistry?: AgentRegistry;
+	/** Parent task ID prefix for nested artifact naming (e.g., "Extensions") */
+	parentTaskPrefix?: string;
+	/** Inherited eval executor session id for subagents sharing parent eval state. */
+	parentEvalSessionId?: string;
+
+	/** Session manager. Default: session stored under the configured agentDir sessions root */
+	sessionManager?: SessionManager;
+
+	/** Override local:// protocol options for subagent local:// sharing. Default: uses the session's own artifacts dir and session ID. */
+	localProtocolOptions?: LocalProtocolOptions;
+
+	/** Settings instance. Default: Settings.init({ cwd, agentDir }) */
+	settings?: Settings;
+
+	/** Whether UI is available (enables interactive tools like ask). Default: false */
+	hasUI?: boolean;
+
+	/**
+	 * Opt-in OpenTelemetry instrumentation forwarded to the underlying Agent.
+	 * Passing `{}` enables the loop's GenAI-semantic-convention spans. See
+	 * {@link AgentTelemetryConfig} for the full surface (hooks, content capture,
+	 * cost estimator, agent identity).
+	 *
+	 * Safe to enable without an OTEL SDK registered in the host: the
+	 * `@opentelemetry/api` package returns a no-op tracer in that case.
+	 */
+	telemetry?: AgentTelemetryConfig;
+
+	/** Whether to auto-approve all tool calls (--auto-approve CLI flag). Default: false */
+	autoApprove?: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Result from createAgentSession */
+export interface CreateAgentSessionResult {
+	/** The created session */
+	session: AgentSession;
+	/** Extensions result (loaded extensions + runtime) */
+	extensionsResult: LoadExtensionsResult;
+	/** Update tool UI context (interactive mode) */
+	setToolUIContext: (uiContext: ExtensionUIContext, hasUI: boolean) => void;
+	/** MCP manager for server lifecycle management (undefined if MCP disabled) */
+	mcpManager?: MCPManager;
+	/** Warning if session was restored with a different model than saved */
+	modelFallbackMessage?: string;
+	/** LSP servers detected for startup; warmup may continue in the background */
+	lspServers?: LspStartupServerInfo[];
+	/** Shared event bus for tool/extension communication */
+	eventBus: EventBus;
+}
+
+// Re-exports
+
+export type { PromptTemplate } from "./config/prompt-templates";
+export { Settings, type SkillsSettings } from "./config/settings";
+export type { CustomCommand, CustomCommandFactory } from "./extensibility/custom-commands/types";
+export type { CustomTool, CustomToolFactory } from "./extensibility/custom-tools/types";
+export type * from "./extensibility/extensions";
+export type { Skill } from "./extensibility/skills";
+export type { FileSlashCommand } from "./extensibility/slash-commands";
+export type { MCPManager, MCPServerConfig, MCPServerConnection, MCPToolsLoadResult } from "./mcp";
+export type { Tool } from "./tools";
+export { buildDirectoryTree, buildWorkspaceTree, type DirectoryTree, type WorkspaceTree } from "./workspace-tree";
+
+export {
+	// Individual tool classes (for custom usage)
+	BashTool,
+	// Tool classes and factories
+	BUILTIN_TOOLS,
+	createTools,
+	EditTool,
+	EvalTool,
+	FindTool,
+	HIDDEN_TOOLS,
+	loadSshTool,
+	ReadTool,
+	ResolveTool,
+	SearchTool,
+	type ToolSession,
+	WebSearchTool,
+	WriteTool,
+};
+
+// Helper Functions
+
+function getDefaultAgentDir(): string {
+	return getAgentDir();
+}
+
+function resolveSnapshotTtlMs(): number {
+	const raw = process.env.PROMETHEUS_AUTH_BROKER_SNAPSHOT_TTL_MS;
+	if (raw === undefined) return DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_TTL_MS;
+	const value = raw.trim();
+	if (value === "") return DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_TTL_MS;
+	const ttlMs = Number(value);
+	if (Number.isFinite(ttlMs) && ttlMs >= 0) return ttlMs;
+	logger.warn("Invalid PROMETHEUS_AUTH_BROKER_SNAPSHOT_TTL_MS; using default", { value: raw });
+	return DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_TTL_MS;
+}
+
+// Discovery Functions
+
+/**
+ * Create an AuthStorage instance.
+ *
+ * Default: local SQLite store at `<agentDir>/agent.db`.
+ *
+ * Broker mode: when `PROMETHEUS_AUTH_BROKER_URL` is set, credentials are pulled from
+ * a remote auth-broker over the wire. Refresh tokens never leave the broker;
+ * the client receives access tokens with `refresh = "__remote__"` and calls
+ * back into the broker through the {@link AuthStorageOptions.refreshOAuthCredential}
+ * override to re-mint access tokens when needed.
+ */
+export async function discoverAuthStorage(agentDir: string = getDefaultAgentDir()): Promise<AuthStorage> {
+	const brokerConfig = await resolveAuthBrokerConfig();
+	if (brokerConfig) {
+		const client = new AuthBrokerClient({ url: brokerConfig.url, token: brokerConfig.token });
+		const ttlMs = resolveSnapshotTtlMs();
+		const cachePath = getAuthBrokerSnapshotCachePath();
+		const persist =
+			ttlMs > 0
+				? (snapshot: SnapshotResponse): void => {
+						void writeAuthBrokerSnapshotCache({
+							path: cachePath,
+							token: brokerConfig.token,
+							url: brokerConfig.url,
+							snapshot,
+						}).catch(error => {
+							logger.debug("auth-broker snapshot cache write failed", { error: String(error) });
+						});
+					}
+				: undefined;
+
+		let initialSnapshot: SnapshotResponse | undefined;
+		if (ttlMs > 0) {
+			initialSnapshot =
+				(await readAuthBrokerSnapshotCache({
+					path: cachePath,
+					token: brokerConfig.token,
+					url: brokerConfig.url,
+					ttlMs,
+				}).catch(error => {
+					logger.debug("auth-broker snapshot cache read failed", { error: String(error) });
+					return null;
+				})) ?? undefined;
+		}
+		if (!initialSnapshot) {
+			const initialResult = await client.fetchSnapshot();
+			if (initialResult.status !== 200) throw new Error("Auth broker returned no initial snapshot");
+			initialSnapshot = initialResult.snapshot;
+			persist?.(initialSnapshot);
+		}
+		const store = new RemoteAuthCredentialStore({ client, initialSnapshot, onSnapshot: persist });
+		// Refresh + usage hooks live on RemoteAuthCredentialStore; AuthStorage
+		// discovers them automatically when no explicit option overrides them.
+		const storage = new AuthStorage(store, {
+			configValueResolver: resolveConfigValue,
+			sourceLabel: `broker ${brokerConfig.url}`,
+		});
+		await storage.reload();
+		return storage;
+	}
+	const dbPath = getAgentDbPath(agentDir);
+	const storage = await AuthStorage.create(dbPath, {
+		configValueResolver: resolveConfigValue,
+		sourceLabel: `local ${dbPath}`,
+	});
+	await storage.reload();
+	return storage;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover extensions from cwd.
+ */
+export async function discoverExtensions(cwd?: string): Promise<LoadExtensionsResult> {
+	const resolvedCwd = cwd ?? getProjectDir();
+
+	return discoverAndLoadExtensions([], resolvedCwd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load the discovered/configured extensions for a session — everything {@link
+ * createAgentSession} would load except the inline factory extensions it appends
+ * itself. Extracted so the CLI can resolve extension-registered flags (and thus
+ * classify `@file` arguments extension-aware) *before* a session — and its
+ * terminal breadcrumb — is created, then hand the result back through
+ * {@link CreateAgentSessionOptions.preloadedExtensions} so the work is not
+ * repeated. Keep this the single source of the discovery branch logic.
+ */
+export async function loadSessionExtensions(
+	options: Pick<CreateAgentSessionOptions, "disableExtensionDiscovery" | "additionalExtensionPaths">,
+	cwd: string,
+	settings: Settings,
+	eventBus: EventBus,
+): Promise<LoadExtensionsResult> {
+	let result: LoadExtensionsResult;
+	if (options.disableExtensionDiscovery) {
+		const configuredPaths = options.additionalExtensionPaths ?? [];
+		result = await logger.time("loadExtensions", loadExtensions, configuredPaths, cwd, eventBus);
+	} else {
+		// Merge CLI extension paths with settings extension paths.
+		const configuredPaths = [...(options.additionalExtensionPaths ?? []), ...(settings.get("extensions") ?? [])];
+		const disabledExtensionIds = settings.get("disabledExtensions") ?? [];
+		result = await logger.time(
+			"discoverAndLoadExtensions",
+			discoverAndLoadExtensions,
+			configuredPaths,
+			cwd,
+			eventBus,
+			disabledExtensionIds,
+		);
+	}
+	for (const { path, error } of result.errors) {
+		logger.error("Failed to load extension", { path, error });
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover skills from cwd and agentDir.
+ */
+export async function discoverSkills(
+	cwd?: string,
+	_agentDir?: string,
+	settings?: SkillsSettings,
+): Promise<{ skills: Skill[]; warnings: SkillWarning[] }> {
+	return await loadSkillsInternal({
+		...settings,
+		cwd: cwd ?? getProjectDir(),
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover context files (AGENTS.md) walking up from cwd.
+ * Returns files sorted by depth (farther from cwd first, so closer files appear last/more prominent).
+ */
+export async function discoverContextFiles(
+	cwd?: string,
+	_agentDir?: string,
+): Promise<Array<{ path: string; content: string; depth?: number }>> {
+	return await loadContextFilesInternal({
+		cwd: cwd ?? getProjectDir(),
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover prompt templates from cwd and agentDir.
+ */
+export async function discoverPromptTemplates(cwd?: string, agentDir?: string): Promise<PromptTemplate[]> {
+	return await loadPromptTemplatesInternal({
+		cwd: cwd ?? getProjectDir(),
+		agentDir: agentDir ?? getDefaultAgentDir(),
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover file-based slash commands from commands/ directories.
+ */
+export async function discoverSlashCommands(cwd?: string): Promise<FileSlashCommand[]> {
+	return loadSlashCommandsInternal({ cwd: cwd ?? getProjectDir() });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover custom commands (TypeScript slash commands) from cwd and agentDir.
+ */
+export async function discoverCustomTSCommands(cwd?: string, agentDir?: string): Promise<CustomCommandsLoadResult> {
+	const resolvedCwd = cwd ?? getProjectDir();
+	const resolvedAgentDir = agentDir ?? getDefaultAgentDir();
+
+	return loadCustomCommandsInternal({
+		cwd: resolvedCwd,
+		agentDir: resolvedAgentDir,
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover MCP servers from .mcp.json files.
+ * Returns the manager and loaded tools.
+ */
+export async function discoverMCPServers(cwd?: string): Promise<MCPToolsLoadResult> {
+	const resolvedCwd = cwd ?? getProjectDir();
+	return discoverAndLoadMCPTools(resolvedCwd);
+}
+
+// API Key Helpers
+
+// System Prompt
+
+export interface BuildSystemPromptOptions {
+	tools?: Tool[];
+	skills?: Skill[];
+	contextFiles?: Array<{ path: string; content: string }>;
+	cwd?: string;
+	appendPrompt?: string;
+	repeatToolDescriptions?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the default provider-facing system prompt blocks.
+ *
+ * The returned `systemPrompt` preserves the stable harness prompt and dynamic project context
+ * as separate entries so providers can cache prompt prefixes without concatenating blocks.
+ */
+export async function buildSystemPrompt(options: BuildSystemPromptOptions = {}): Promise<BuildSystemPromptResult> {
+	return await buildSystemPromptInternal({
+		cwd: options.cwd,
+		skills: options.skills,
+		contextFiles: options.contextFiles,
+		appendSystemPrompt: options.appendPrompt,
+		repeatToolDescriptions: options.repeatToolDescriptions,
+	});
+}
+
+// Internal Helpers
+
+function createCustomToolContext(ctx: ExtensionContext): CustomToolContext {
+	return {
+		sessionManager: ctx.sessionManager,
+		modelRegistry: ctx.modelRegistry,
+		model: ctx.model,
+		isIdle: ctx.isIdle,
+		hasQueuedMessages: ctx.hasPendingMessages,
+		abort: ctx.abort,
+	};
+}
+
+function isCustomTool(tool: CustomTool | ToolDefinition): tool is CustomTool {
+	// To distinguish, we mark converted tools with a hidden symbol property.
+	// If the tool doesn't have this marker, it's a CustomTool that needs conversion.
+	return !(tool as any).__isToolDefinition;
+}
+
+const TOOL_DEFINITION_MARKER = Symbol("__isToolDefinition");
+
+/** Matches the truncation applied to per-server instructions inside `rebuildSystemPrompt`. */
+const MAX_MCP_INSTRUCTIONS_LENGTH = 4000;
+
+let sshCleanupRegistered = false;
+
+async function cleanupSshResources(): Promise<void> {
+	const results = await Promise.allSettled([closeAllConnections(), unmountAll()]);
+	for (const result of results) {
+		if (result.status === "rejected") {
+			logger.warn("SSH cleanup failed", { error: String(result.reason) });
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function registerSshCleanup(): void {
+	if (sshCleanupRegistered) return;
+	sshCleanupRegistered = true;
+	postmortem.register("ssh-cleanup", cleanupSshResources);
+}
+
+let pythonCleanupRegistered = false;
+
+function registerPythonCleanup(): void {
+	if (pythonCleanupRegistered) return;
+	pythonCleanupRegistered = true;
+	postmortem.register("python-cleanup", disposeAllKernelSessions);
+}
+
+function customToolToDefinition(tool: CustomTool): ToolDefinition {
+	const definition: ToolDefinition & { [TOOL_DEFINITION_MARKER]: true } = {
+		name: tool.name,
+		label: tool.label,
+		description: tool.description,
+		parameters: tool.parameters,
+		hidden: tool.hidden,
+		deferrable: tool.deferrable,
+		mcpServerName: tool.mcpServerName,
+		mcpToolName: tool.mcpToolName,
+		execute: (toolCallId, params, signal, onUpdate, ctx) =>
+			tool.execute(toolCallId, params, onUpdate, createCustomToolContext(ctx), signal),
+		onSession: tool.onSession ? (event, ctx) => tool.onSession?.(event, createCustomToolContext(ctx)) : undefined,
+		renderCall: tool.renderCall,
+		renderResult: tool.renderResult
+			? (result, options, theme): Component => {
+					const component = tool.renderResult?.(
+						result,
+						{ expanded: options.expanded, isPartial: options.isPartial, spinnerFrame: options.spinnerFrame },
+						theme,
+					);
+					// Return empty component if undefined to match Component type requirement
+					return component ?? ({ render: () => [] } as unknown as Component);
+				}
+			: undefined,
+		[TOOL_DEFINITION_MARKER]: true,
+	};
+	return definition;
+}
+
+function createCustomToolsExtension(tools: CustomTool[]): ExtensionFactory {
+	return api => {
+		for (const tool of tools) {
+			api.registerTool(customToolToDefinition(tool));
+		}
+
+		const runOnSession = async (event: CustomToolSessionEvent, ctx: ExtensionContext) => {
+			for (const tool of tools) {
+				if (!tool.onSession) continue;
+				try {
+					await tool.onSession(event, createCustomToolContext(ctx));
+				} catch (err) {
+					logger.warn("Custom tool onSession error", { tool: tool.name, error: String(err) });
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		api.on("session_start", async (_event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "start", previousSessionFile: undefined }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("session_switch", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "switch", previousSessionFile: event.previousSessionFile }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("session_branch", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "branch", previousSessionFile: event.previousSessionFile }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("session_tree", async (_event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "tree", previousSessionFile: undefined }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("session_shutdown", async (_event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "shutdown", previousSessionFile: undefined }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("auto_compaction_start", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "auto_compaction_start", trigger: event.reason, action: event.action }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("auto_compaction_end", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession(
+				{
+					reason: "auto_compaction_end",
+					action: event.action,
+					result: event.result,
+					aborted: event.aborted,
+					willRetry: event.willRetry,
+					errorMessage: event.errorMessage,
+				},
+				ctx,
+			),
+		);
+		api.on("auto_retry_start", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession(
+				{
+					reason: "auto_retry_start",
+					attempt: event.attempt,
+					maxAttempts: event.maxAttempts,
+					delayMs: event.delayMs,
+					errorMessage: event.errorMessage,
+				},
+				ctx,
+			),
+		);
+		api.on("auto_retry_end", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession(
+				{
+					reason: "auto_retry_end",
+					success: event.success,
+					attempt: event.attempt,
+					finalError: event.finalError,
+				},
+				ctx,
+			),
+		);
+		api.on("ttsr_triggered", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession({ reason: "ttsr_triggered", rules: event.rules }, ctx),
+		);
+		api.on("todo_reminder", async (event, ctx) =>
+			runOnSession(
+				{
+					reason: "todo_reminder",
+					todos: event.todos,
+					attempt: event.attempt,
+					maxAttempts: event.maxAttempts,
+				},
+				ctx,
+			),
+		);
+	};
+}
+
+// Factory
+
+/**
+ * Build LoadedCustomCommand entries for all MCP prompts across connected servers.
+ * These are re-created whenever prompts change (setOnPromptsChanged callback).
+ */
+function buildMCPPromptCommands(manager: MCPManager): LoadedCustomCommand[] {
+	const commands: LoadedCustomCommand[] = [];
+	for (const serverName of manager.getConnectedServers()) {
+		const prompts = manager.getServerPrompts(serverName);
+		if (!prompts?.length) continue;
+		for (const prompt of prompts) {
+			const commandName = `${serverName}:${prompt.name}`;
+			commands.push({
+				path: `mcp:${commandName}`,
+				resolvedPath: `mcp:${commandName}`,
+				source: "bundled",
+				command: {
+					name: commandName,
+					description: prompt.description ?? `MCP prompt from ${serverName}`,
+					async execute(args: string[]) {
+						const promptArgs: Record<string, string> = {};
+						for (const arg of args) {
+							const eqIdx = arg.indexOf("=");
+							if (eqIdx > 0) {
+								promptArgs[arg.slice(0, eqIdx)] = arg.slice(eqIdx + 1);
+							}
+						}
+						const result = await manager.executePrompt(serverName, prompt.name, promptArgs);
+						if (!result) return "";
+						const parts: string[] = [];
+						for (const msg of result.messages) {
+							const contentItems = Array.isArray(msg.content) ? msg.content : [msg.content];
+							for (const item of contentItems) {
+								if (item.type === "text") {
+									parts.push(item.text);
+								} else if (item.type === "resource") {
+									const resource = item.resource;
+									if (resource.text) parts.push(resource.text);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+						return parts.join("\n\n");
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		}
+	}
+	return commands;
+}
+/**
+ * Create an AgentSession with the specified options.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * // Minimal - uses defaults
+ * const { session } = await createAgentSession();
+ *
+ * // With explicit model
+ * import { getModel } from '@prometheus-ai/ai';
+ * const { session } = await createAgentSession({
+ *   model: getModel('anthropic', 'claude-opus-4-5'),
+ *   thinkingLevel: 'high',
+ * });
+ *
+ * // Continue previous session
+ * const { session, modelFallbackMessage } = await createAgentSession({
+ *   continueSession: true,
+ * });
+ *
+ * // Full control
+ * const { session } = await createAgentSession({
+ *   model: myModel,
+ *   getApiKey: async () => Bun.env.MY_KEY,
+ *   systemPrompt: ['You are helpful.'],
+ *   tools: codingTools({ cwd: getProjectDir() }),
+ *   skills: [],
+ *   sessionManager: SessionManager.inMemory(),
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+export async function createAgentSession(options: CreateAgentSessionOptions = {}): Promise<CreateAgentSessionResult> {
+	const cwd = options.cwd ?? getProjectDir();
+	const agentDir = options.agentDir ?? getDefaultAgentDir();
+	const eventBus = options.eventBus ?? new EventBus();
+
+	registerSshCleanup();
+	registerPythonCleanup();
+
+	// Pin authStorage to modelRegistry.authStorage: ModelRegistry.getApiKey() routes refresh
+	// failures through that instance, so any divergent storage handed to the bridge / mcpManager
+	// / session would silently miss credential_disabled events.
+	const modelRegistry =
+		options.modelRegistry ??
+		new ModelRegistry(options.authStorage ?? (await logger.time("discoverModels", discoverAuthStorage, agentDir)));
+	const authStorage = modelRegistry.authStorage;
+	if (options.authStorage && options.authStorage !== authStorage) {
+		throw new Error(
+			"options.authStorage and options.modelRegistry.authStorage must be the same instance when both are provided",
+		);
+	}
+	// Subscribe before any getApiKey() call so startup model probes can't fire a
+	// credential_disabled event past us. An embedder's constructor handler makes the
+	// listener set non-empty from construction, which defeats AuthStorage's no-listener
+	// buffer — so we can't rely on it to catch startup events for the extension runner.
+	const startupCredentialDisabledEvents: CredentialDisabledEvent[] = [];
+	let credentialDisabledTarget: ExtensionRunner | undefined;
+	const unsubscribeCredentialDisabled: (() => void) | undefined = authStorage.onCredentialDisabled(event => {
+		if (credentialDisabledTarget) {
+			// Discard return: any handler error is routed through runner.onError listeners.
+			void credentialDisabledTarget.emitCredentialDisabled(event);
+		} else {
+			startupCredentialDisabledEvents.push(event);
+		}
+	});
+	const settings = options.settings ?? (await logger.time("settings", Settings.init, { cwd, agentDir }));
+	logger.time("initializeWithSettings", initializeWithSettings, settings);
+	if (!options.modelRegistry) {
+		modelRegistry.refreshInBackground();
+	}
+	// Kick off workspace tree discovery early. The native workspace scan returns
+	// both the rendered-tree input and the AGENTS.md directory-context index, so
+	// startup does not perform a second recursive filesystem search. Subagents
+	// inherit the parent's resolved values via options.
+	const STARTUP_SCAN_DEADLINE_MS = 5000;
+	const workspaceTreePromise: Promise<WorkspaceTree> = options.workspaceTree
+		? Promise.resolve(options.workspaceTree)
+		: logger.time("buildWorkspaceTree", () => buildWorkspaceTree(cwd, { timeoutMs: STARTUP_SCAN_DEADLINE_MS }));
+	workspaceTreePromise.catch(() => {});
+
+	// Independent discoveries that depend only on cwd/agentDir — kicked off in parallel and awaited
+	// at their respective consumer sites. Their work can overlap with model resolution, secret loading,
+	// session-context build, tool creation, MCP discovery, and extension discovery.
+	const contextFilesPromise = options.contextFiles
+		? Promise.resolve(options.contextFiles)
+		: logger.time("discoverContextFiles", discoverContextFiles, cwd, agentDir);
+	contextFilesPromise.catch(() => {});
+	const promptTemplatesPromise = options.promptTemplates
+		? Promise.resolve(options.promptTemplates)
+		: logger.time("discoverPromptTemplates", discoverPromptTemplates, cwd, agentDir);
+	promptTemplatesPromise.catch(() => {});
+	const slashCommandsPromise = options.slashCommands
+		? Promise.resolve(options.slashCommands)
+		: logger.time("discoverSlashCommands", discoverSlashCommands, cwd);
+	slashCommandsPromise.catch(() => {});
+	const skillsSettings = settings.getGroup("skills");
+	const disabledExtensionIds = settings.get("disabledExtensions") ?? [];
+	const discoveredSkillsPromise =
+		options.skills === undefined
+			? logger.time("discoverSkills", discoverSkills, cwd, agentDir, {
+					...skillsSettings,
+					disabledExtensions: disabledExtensionIds,
+				})
+			: undefined;
+	discoveredSkillsPromise?.catch(() => {});
+
+	// Initialize provider preferences from settings
+	const webSearchProvider = settings.get("providers.webSearch");
+	if (typeof webSearchProvider === "string" && isSearchProviderPreference(webSearchProvider)) {
+		setPreferredSearchProvider(webSearchProvider);
+	}
+
+	const imageProvider = settings.get("providers.image");
+	if (isImageProviderPreference(imageProvider)) {
+		setPreferredImageProvider(imageProvider);
+	}
+
+	const sessionManager =
+		options.sessionManager ??
+		logger.time("sessionManager", () =>
+			SessionManager.create(cwd, SessionManager.getDefaultSessionDir(cwd, agentDir)),
+		);
+	const providerSessionId = options.providerSessionId ?? sessionManager.getSessionId();
+	const modelApiKeyAvailability = new Map<string, boolean>();
+	const getModelAvailabilityKey = (candidate: Model): string =>
+		`${candidate.provider}\u0000${candidate.baseUrl ?? ""}`;
+	const hasModelApiKey = async (candidate: Model): Promise<boolean> => {
+		const availabilityKey = getModelAvailabilityKey(candidate);
+		const cached = modelApiKeyAvailability.get(availabilityKey);
+		if (cached !== undefined) {
+			return cached;
+		}
+
+		const hasKey = !!(await modelRegistry.getApiKey(candidate, providerSessionId));
+		modelApiKeyAvailability.set(availabilityKey, hasKey);
+		return hasKey;
+	};
+
+	// Load and create secret obfuscator early so resumed session state and prompt warnings
+	// reflect actual loaded secrets, not just the setting toggle.
+	let obfuscator: SecretObfuscator | undefined;
+	if (settings.get("secrets.enabled")) {
+		const fileEntries = await logger.time("loadSecrets", loadSecrets, cwd, agentDir);
+		const envEntries = collectEnvSecrets();
+		const allEntries = [...envEntries, ...fileEntries];
+		if (allEntries.length > 0) {
+			obfuscator = new SecretObfuscator(allEntries);
+		}
+	}
+	const secretsEnabled = obfuscator?.hasSecrets() === true;
+
+	// Check if session has existing data to restore
+	const existingSession = logger.time("loadSessionContext", () =>
+		deobfuscateSessionContext(sessionManager.buildSessionContext(), obfuscator),
+	);
+	const existingBranch = logger.time("getSessionBranch", () => sessionManager.getBranch());
+	const hasExistingSession = existingBranch.length > 0;
+	const hasThinkingEntry = existingBranch.some(entry => entry.type === "thinking_level_change");
+	const hasServiceTierEntry = existingBranch.some(entry => entry.type === "service_tier_change");
+
+	const hasExplicitModel = options.model !== undefined || options.modelPattern !== undefined;
+	const modelMatchPreferences = {
+		usageOrder: settings.getStorage()?.getModelUsageOrder(),
+	};
+	const allowedModels = await logger.time("resolveAllowedModels", () =>
+		resolveAllowedModels(modelRegistry, settings, modelMatchPreferences),
+	);
+	const defaultRoleSpec = logger.time("resolveDefaultModelRole", () =>
+		resolveModelRoleValue(settings.getModelRole("default"), allowedModels, {
+			settings,
+			matchPreferences: modelMatchPreferences,
+			modelRegistry,
+		}),
+	);
+	let model = options.model;
+	let modelFallbackMessage: string | undefined;
+	// Identify session model strings to restore in fallback order. We do an
+	// initial pass here so model-dependent setup (thinking-level resolution,
+	// host preconnect) can use the restored model; extension-registered
+	// providers aren't visible yet, so we retry the preferred candidates once
+	// extensions register below.
+	const sessionModelStrings =
+		!hasExplicitModel && hasExistingSession
+			? getRestorableSessionModels(existingSession.models, sessionManager.getLastModelChangeRole())
+			: [];
+	let restoredSessionModelIndex = -1;
+	if (!hasExplicitModel && !model && sessionModelStrings.length > 0) {
+		await logger.time("restoreSessionModel", async () => {
+			let failedSessionModel: string | undefined;
+			for (let i = 0; i < sessionModelStrings.length; i++) {
+				const sessionModelStr = sessionModelStrings[i];
+				const parsedModel = parseModelString(sessionModelStr);
+				if (!parsedModel) {
+					failedSessionModel ??= sessionModelStr;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				const restoredModel = modelRegistry.find(parsedModel.provider, parsedModel.id);
+				if (restoredModel && (await hasModelApiKey(restoredModel))) {
+					model = restoredModel;
+					restoredSessionModelIndex = i;
+					break;
+				}
+				failedSessionModel ??= sessionModelStr;
+			}
+			if (failedSessionModel) {
+				modelFallbackMessage = `Could not restore model ${failedSessionModel}`;
+			}
+		});
+	}
+
+	// If still no model, try settings default.
+	// Skip settings fallback when an explicit model was requested.
+	if (!hasExplicitModel && !model && defaultRoleSpec.model) {
+		const settingsDefaultModel = defaultRoleSpec.model;
+		logger.time("resolveSettingsDefaultModel", () => {
+			// defaultRoleSpec.model already comes from modelRegistry.getAvailable(),
+			// so re-validating auth here just repeats the expensive lookup path.
+			model = settingsDefaultModel;
+		});
+	}
+
+	const taskDepth = options.taskDepth ?? 0;
+
+	// Resolves the session/agent thinking level using the same precedence we
+	// apply at startup: explicit option → persisted session entry → default
+	// role's explicit selector → selected model's defaultLevel → global
+	// settings default. Run again after extension role reclaim so the final
+	// model's own defaults aren't masked by an earlier fallback model's.
+	const pickInitialThinkingLevel = (selectedModel: Model | undefined): ConfiguredThinkingLevel | undefined => {
+		let level = options.thinkingLevel;
+		if (level === undefined && hasExistingSession && hasThinkingEntry) {
+			level = parseThinkingLevel(existingSession.thinkingLevel);
+		}
+		if (level === undefined && !hasExplicitModel && !hasThinkingEntry && defaultRoleSpec.explicitThinkingLevel) {
+			level = defaultRoleSpec.thinkingLevel;
+		}
+		if (level === undefined && selectedModel?.thinking?.defaultLevel !== undefined) {
+			level = selectedModel.thinking.defaultLevel;
+		}
+		if (level === undefined) {
+			level = settings.get("defaultThinkingLevel");
+		}
+		return level;
+	};
+	let thinkingLevel = pickInitialThinkingLevel(model);
+	let autoThinking = thinkingLevel === AUTO_THINKING;
+	// Concrete level the agent/session start with. With `auto` this is the
+	// provisional level shown until the first per-turn classification resolves;
+	// `auto` itself stays a session-only concept handled by AgentSession.
+	let effectiveThinkingLevel: ThinkingLevel | undefined = thinkingLevel === AUTO_THINKING ? undefined : thinkingLevel;
+	if (model) {
+		const resolvedModel = model;
+		effectiveThinkingLevel = logger.time("resolveThinkingLevelForModel", () =>
+			autoThinking
+				? resolveProvisionalAutoLevel(resolvedModel)
+				: resolveThinkingLevelForModel(resolvedModel, effectiveThinkingLevel),
+		);
+		// Fire-and-forget TLS+H2 handshake to the model's host so it overlaps
+		// with the rest of session setup (extension/skill load, tool registry,
+		// system prompt build). Without this, the first `fetch(...)` pays the
+		// full handshake serially — 100–300 ms transcontinental for
+		// api.anthropic.com from a residential IP. Every mode benefits
+		// (interactive, print, rpc, acp).
+		preconnectModelHost(model.baseUrl);
+	}
+
+	let skills: Skill[];
+	let skillWarnings: SkillWarning[];
+	if (options.skills !== undefined) {
+		skills = options.skills;
+		skillWarnings = [];
+	} else {
+		const discovered = await (discoveredSkillsPromise ?? Promise.resolve({ skills: [], warnings: [] }));
+		skills = discovered.skills;
+		skillWarnings = discovered.warnings;
+	}
+
+	// Discover rules and bucket them in one pass to avoid repeated scans over large rule sets.
+	const { ttsrManager, rulebookRules, alwaysApplyRules } = await logger.time("discoverTtsrRules", async () => {
+		const ttsrSettings = settings.getGroup("ttsr");
+		const ttsrManager = new TtsrManager(ttsrSettings);
+		const rulesResult =
+			options.rules !== undefined
+				? { items: options.rules, warnings: undefined }
+				: await loadCapability<Rule>(ruleCapability.id, { cwd });
+		const { rulebookRules, alwaysApplyRules } = bucketRules(rulesResult.items, ttsrManager, {
+			builtinRules: ttsrSettings.builtinRules,
+			disabledRules: ttsrSettings.disabledRules,
+		});
+		if (existingSession.injectedTtsrRules.length > 0) {
+			ttsrManager.restoreInjected(existingSession.injectedTtsrRules);
+		}
+		return { ttsrManager, rulebookRules, alwaysApplyRules };
+	});
+
+	// Resolve contextFiles up-front (it's needed before tool creation). The
+	// workspace tree scan is slow on large repos and we MUST NOT block startup on
+	// it. On timeout we forward `undefined` to ToolSession; buildSystemPromptInternal
+	// will re-race the same promise through its own withDeadline path. Background
+	// work continues so caches still warm.
+	const raceWithDeadline = async <T>(name: string, work: Promise<T>): Promise<T | undefined> => {
+		let timedOut = false;
+		const result = await Promise.race([
+			work,
+			Bun.sleep(STARTUP_SCAN_DEADLINE_MS).then(() => {
+				timedOut = true;
+				return undefined;
+			}),
+		]);
+		if (timedOut) {
+			logger.warn("Startup scan exceeded deadline; deferring to system prompt fallback", {
+				name,
+				timeoutMs: STARTUP_SCAN_DEADLINE_MS,
+				cwd,
+			});
+		}
+		return result;
+	};
+	const [contextFiles, resolvedWorkspaceTree] = await Promise.all([
+		contextFilesPromise,
+		raceWithDeadline("buildWorkspaceTree", workspaceTreePromise),
+	]);
+
+	let agent: Agent;
+	let session!: AgentSession;
+	let hasSession = false;
+	let hasRegistered = false;
+	const enableLsp = options.enableLsp ?? true;
+	const backgroundJobsEnabled = isBackgroundJobSupportEnabled(settings);
+	const asyncMaxJobs = Math.min(100, Math.max(1, settings.get("async.maxJobs") ?? 100));
+	const ASYNC_INLINE_RESULT_MAX_CHARS = 12_000;
+	const ASYNC_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS = 4_000;
+	const formatAsyncResultForFollowUp = async (result: string): Promise<string> => {
+		if (result.length <= ASYNC_INLINE_RESULT_MAX_CHARS) {
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		const preview = `${result.slice(0, ASYNC_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS)}\n\n[Output truncated. Showing first ${ASYNC_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS.toLocaleString()} characters.]`;
+		try {
+			const { path: artifactPath, id: artifactId } = await sessionManager.allocateArtifactPath("async");
+			if (artifactPath && artifactId) {
+				await Bun.write(artifactPath, result);
+				return `${preview}\nFull output: artifact://${artifactId}`;
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			logger.warn("Failed to persist async follow-up artifact", {
+				error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+			});
+		}
+
+		return preview;
+	};
+	// Only the first top-level session in a process owns an AsyncJobManager.
+	// Subagents inherit the parent's manager via `AsyncJobManager.instance()`
+	// (set below), and any additional top-level session spun up in-process
+	// (e.g. the agent-creation architect in `agent-dashboard.ts`) must share
+	// the live singleton — otherwise its dispose path would clobber the
+	// owning session's manager and break the `task`/`bash` async paths
+	// (issue #1923). The `instance()` guard means later sessions also skip
+	// constructing an orphaned manager that nothing would ever route to.
+	const asyncJobManager =
+		backgroundJobsEnabled && !options.parentTaskPrefix && !AsyncJobManager.instance()
+			? new AsyncJobManager({
+					maxRunningJobs: asyncMaxJobs,
+					onJobComplete: async (jobId, result, job) => {
+						if (!session || asyncJobManager!.isDeliverySuppressed(jobId)) return;
+						const formattedResult = await formatAsyncResultForFollowUp(result);
+						if (asyncJobManager!.isDeliverySuppressed(jobId)) return;
+
+						const durationMs = job ? Math.max(0, Date.now() - job.startTime) : undefined;
+						session.yieldQueue.enqueue<AsyncResultEntry>("async-result", {
+							jobId,
+							result: formattedResult,
+							job,
+							durationMs,
+						});
+					},
+				})
+			: undefined;
+
+	const scopedAsyncJobManager = asyncJobManager ?? (options.parentTaskPrefix ? AsyncJobManager.instance() : undefined);
+
+	const agentRegistry = options.agentRegistry ?? AgentRegistry.global();
+	const resolvedAgentId = options.agentId ?? options.parentTaskPrefix ?? MAIN_AGENT_ID;
+	const resolvedAgentDisplayName =
+		options.agentDisplayName ?? ((options.taskDepth ?? 0) > 0 || options.parentTaskPrefix ? "sub" : "main");
+	const evalKernelOwnerId = `agent-session:${Snowflake.next()}`;
+
+	try {
+		const getActiveModelString = (): string | undefined => {
+			const activeModel = agent?.state.model;
+			if (activeModel) return formatModelString(activeModel);
+			if (model) return formatModelString(model);
+			return undefined;
+		};
+		const toolSession: ToolSession = {
+			get cwd() {
+				return sessionManager.getCwd();
+			},
+			hasUI: options.hasUI ?? false,
+			enableLsp,
+			get hasEditTool() {
+				const requestedToolNames = options.toolNames
+					? [...new Set(options.toolNames.map(name => name.toLowerCase()))]
+					: undefined;
+				return !requestedToolNames || requestedToolNames.includes("edit");
+			},
+			skipPythonPreflight: options.skipPythonPreflight,
+			contextFiles,
+			workspaceTree: resolvedWorkspaceTree,
+			skills,
+			eventBus,
+			outputSchema: options.outputSchema,
+			requireYieldTool: options.requireYieldTool,
+			taskDepth: options.taskDepth ?? 0,
+			getSessionFile: () => sessionManager.getSessionFile() ?? null,
+			getEvalKernelOwnerId: () => evalKernelOwnerId,
+			getEvalSessionId: () =>
+				session?.getEvalSessionId() ?? options.parentEvalSessionId ?? defaultEvalSessionId(toolSession),
+			assertEvalExecutionAllowed: () => session?.assertEvalExecutionAllowed(),
+			trackEvalExecution: (execution, abortController) =>
+				session ? session.trackEvalExecution(execution, abortController) : execution,
+			getSessionId: () => sessionManager.getSessionId?.() ?? null,
+			getHindsightSessionState: () => session?.getHindsightSessionState(),
+			getMnemopiSessionState: () => getMnemopiSessionState(session),
+			getAgentId: () => resolvedAgentId,
+			getToolByName: name => session?.getToolByName(name),
+			agentRegistry,
+			getSessionSpawns: () => options.spawns ?? "*",
+			getModelString: () => (hasExplicitModel && model ? formatModelString(model) : undefined),
+			getActiveModelString,
+			getPlanModeState: () => session?.getPlanModeState(),
+			getPlanReferencePath: () => session?.getPlanReferencePath() ?? "local://PLAN.md",
+			getGoalModeState: () => session?.getGoalModeState(),
+			getGoalRuntime: () => session?.goalRuntime,
+			getUsageStatistics: () => sessionManager.getUsageStatistics(),
+			getTurnBudget: () => sessionManager.getTurnBudget(),
+			recordEvalSubagentUsage: output => sessionManager.recordEvalSubagentOutput(output),
+			getClientBridge: () => session?.clientBridge,
+			getCompactContext: () => session.formatCompactContext(),
+			getTodoPhases: () => session.getTodoPhases(),
+			setTodoPhases: phases => session.setTodoPhases(phases),
+			isMCPDiscoveryEnabled: () => session.isMCPDiscoveryEnabled(),
+			getSelectedMCPToolNames: () => session.getSelectedMCPToolNames(),
+			activateDiscoveredMCPTools: toolNames => session.activateDiscoveredMCPTools(toolNames),
+			// Generic tool discovery (unified — covers built-in + MCP + extension)
+			isToolDiscoveryEnabled: () => session.isToolDiscoveryEnabled(),
+			getDiscoverableTools: filter => session.getDiscoverableTools(filter),
+			getDiscoverableToolSearchIndex: () => session.getDiscoverableToolSearchIndex(),
+			getSelectedDiscoveredToolNames: () => session.getSelectedDiscoveredToolNames(),
+			activateDiscoveredTools: toolNames => session.activateDiscoveredTools(toolNames),
+			getCheckpointState: () => session.getCheckpointState(),
+			setCheckpointState: state => session.setCheckpointState(state ?? undefined),
+			getToolChoiceQueue: () => session.toolChoiceQueue,
+			buildToolChoice: name => {
+				const m = session.model;
+				return m ? buildNamedToolChoice(name, m) : undefined;
+			},
+			steer: msg =>
+				session.agent.steer({
+					role: "custom",
+					customType: msg.customType,
+					content: msg.content,
+					display: false,
+					details: msg.details,
+					attribution: "agent",
+					timestamp: Date.now(),
+				}),
+			peekQueueInvoker: () => session.peekQueueInvoker(),
+			peekStandingResolveHandler: () => session.peekStandingResolveHandler(),
+			setStandingResolveHandler: handler => session.setStandingResolveHandler(handler),
+			allocateOutputArtifact: async toolType => {
+				try {
+					return await sessionManager.allocateArtifactPath(toolType);
+				} catch {
+					return {};
+				}
+			},
+			getArtifactManager: () => sessionManager.getArtifactManager(),
+			settings,
+			authStorage,
+			modelRegistry,
+			getTelemetry: () => agent?.telemetry,
+			// Subagents inherit the singleton (the parent's manager) so their bash/task
+			// completions still flow into the spawning conversation's yieldQueue.
+			// Secondary in-process top-level sessions (no parentTaskPrefix, no
+			// constructed manager because the singleton was already installed) leave
+			// this undefined so tools and session job snapshots refuse async work
+			// instead of silently routing into the owning session (issue #1923).
+			asyncJobManager: scopedAsyncJobManager,
+		};
+
+		// Wire process-wide internal URL singletons owned by their real classes.
+		// Top-level sessions install the active snapshots; subagents inherit them.
+		// Artifact and agent-output URLs resolve via `AgentRegistry.global()` —
+		// the protocol handlers walk each ref's `sessionManager.getArtifactsDir()`,
+		// which collapses to the parent's dir for subagents (they adopt the
+		// parent's ArtifactManager) so one lookup hits everything.
+		const getArtifactsDir = () => sessionManager.getArtifactsDir();
+		if (!options.parentTaskPrefix) {
+			setActiveSkills(skills);
+			setActiveRules([...rulebookRules, ...alwaysApplyRules]);
+			if (asyncJobManager) AsyncJobManager.setInstance(asyncJobManager);
+		}
+		const localProtocolOptions = options.localProtocolOptions ?? {
+			getArtifactsDir,
+			getSessionId: () => sessionManager.getSessionId?.() ?? null,
+		};
+		if (options.localProtocolOptions) {
+			LocalProtocolHandler.setOverride(options.localProtocolOptions);
+		}
+		toolSession.getArtifactsDir = getArtifactsDir;
+		toolSession.localProtocolOptions = localProtocolOptions;
+		toolSession.agentOutputManager = new AgentOutputManager(
+			getArtifactsDir,
+			options.parentTaskPrefix ? { parentPrefix: options.parentTaskPrefix } : undefined,
+		);
+
+		// Create built-in tools (already wrapped with meta notice formatting)
+		const builtinTools = await logger.time("createAllTools", createTools, toolSession, options.toolNames);
+
+		// Discover MCP tools from .mcp.json files
+		let mcpManager: MCPManager | undefined = options.mcpManager;
+		toolSession.mcpManager = mcpManager;
+		const enableMCP = options.enableMCP ?? true;
+		const customTools: CustomTool[] = [];
+		if (enableMCP && !mcpManager) {
+			const mcpResult = await logger.time("discoverAndLoadMCPTools", discoverAndLoadMCPTools, cwd, {
+				onConnecting: serverNames => {
+					if (options.hasUI && serverNames.length > 0) {
+						process.stderr.write(`${chalk.gray(`Connecting to MCP servers: ${serverNames.join(", ")}…`)}\n`);
+					}
+				},
+				enableProjectConfig: settings.get("mcp.enableProjectConfig") ?? true,
+				// Always filter Exa - we have native integration
+				filterExa: true,
+				// Filter browser MCP servers when builtin browser tool is active
+				filterBrowser: settings.get("browser.enabled") ?? false,
+				cacheStorage: settings.getStorage(),
+				authStorage,
+			});
+			mcpManager = mcpResult.manager;
+			toolSession.mcpManager = mcpManager;
+
+			if (settings.get("mcp.notifications")) {
+				mcpManager.setNotificationsEnabled(true);
+			}
+			// If we extracted Exa API keys from MCP configs and EXA_API_KEY isn't set, use the first one
+			if (mcpResult.exaApiKeys.length > 0 && !$env.EXA_API_KEY) {
+				Bun.env.EXA_API_KEY = mcpResult.exaApiKeys[0];
+			}
+
+			// Log MCP errors
+			for (const { path, error } of mcpResult.errors) {
+				logger.error("MCP tool load failed", { path, error });
+			}
+
+			if (mcpResult.tools.length > 0) {
+				// MCP tools are LoadedCustomTool, extract the tool property
+				customTools.push(...mcpResult.tools.map(loaded => loaded.tool));
+			}
+		}
+		// Only top-level sessions own the global MCPManager. Subagents already
+		// receive the parent's manager via `options.mcpManager`, and reassigning
+		// the singleton to the same value is a no-op \u2014 keep the gate explicit
+		// to mirror the AsyncJobManager ownership rule.
+		if (mcpManager && !options.parentTaskPrefix) MCPManager.setInstance(mcpManager);
+
+		// Add image tools when the active model or configured image providers can generate images.
+		const imageGenTools = await logger.time("getImageGenTools", () => getImageGenTools(modelRegistry, model));
+		if (imageGenTools.length > 0) {
+			customTools.push(...(imageGenTools as unknown as CustomTool[]));
+		}
+
+		if (settings.get("tts.enabled")) {
+			customTools.push(ttsTool as unknown as CustomTool);
+		}
+
+		// Add web search tools
+		if (options.toolNames?.includes("web_search")) {
+			customTools.push(...getSearchTools());
+		}
+
+		// Discover and load custom tools from .prometheus/tools/, .claude/tools/, etc.
+		const builtInToolNames = builtinTools.map(t => t.name);
+		const discoveredCustomTools = await logger.time(
+			"discoverAndLoadCustomTools",
+			discoverAndLoadCustomTools,
+			[],
+			cwd,
+			builtInToolNames,
+			action => queueResolveHandler(toolSession, action),
+		);
+		for (const { path, error } of discoveredCustomTools.errors) {
+			logger.error("Custom tool load failed", { path, error });
+		}
+		if (discoveredCustomTools.tools.length > 0) {
+			customTools.push(...discoveredCustomTools.tools.map(loaded => loaded.tool));
+		}
+
+		const inlineExtensions: ExtensionFactory[] = options.extensions ? [...options.extensions] : [];
+		inlineExtensions.push(createAutoresearchExtension);
+		if (customTools.length > 0) {
+			inlineExtensions.push(createCustomToolsExtension(customTools));
+		}
+
+		// Load extensions. A preloaded result (e.g. resolved by the CLI before
+		// session creation so it can classify `@file` args extension-aware without
+		// a session/breadcrumb existing yet) is reused as-is; otherwise discover now
+		// through the shared helper. Preloaded wins over `disableExtensionDiscovery`
+		// because the preloaded result already reflects that choice — re-running the
+		// loader here would double-load.
+		const extensionsResult: LoadExtensionsResult =
+			options.preloadedExtensions ?? (await loadSessionExtensions(options, cwd, settings, eventBus));
+
+		// Load inline extensions from factories
+		if (inlineExtensions.length > 0) {
+			for (let i = 0; i < inlineExtensions.length; i++) {
+				const factory = inlineExtensions[i];
+				const loaded = await loadExtensionFromFactory(
+					factory,
+					cwd,
+					eventBus,
+					extensionsResult.runtime,
+					`<inline-${i}>`,
+				);
+				extensionsResult.extensions.push(loaded);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Process provider registrations queued during extension loading.
+		// This must happen before the runner is created so that models registered by
+		// extensions are available for model selection on session resume / fallback.
+		const activeExtensionSources = extensionsResult.extensions.map(extension => extension.path);
+		modelRegistry.syncExtensionSources(activeExtensionSources);
+		for (const sourceId of new Set(activeExtensionSources)) {
+			modelRegistry.clearSourceRegistrations(sourceId);
+		}
+		if (extensionsResult.runtime.pendingProviderRegistrations.length > 0) {
+			for (const { name, config, sourceId } of extensionsResult.runtime.pendingProviderRegistrations) {
+				modelRegistry.registerProvider(name, config, sourceId);
+			}
+			extensionsResult.runtime.pendingProviderRegistrations = [];
+		}
+
+		// Retry session-model candidates now that extension providers are
+		// registered. The initial restore runs before extensions load, so a role
+		// model supplied by an extension would have either fallen back to the
+		// saved default (`restoredSessionModelIndex > 0`) or failed entirely
+		// (`restoredSessionModelIndex === -1`, with the settings default or
+		// downstream fallback filling `model`). Reclaim it here so resume
+		// honors the last active role in either case.
+		const sessionRetryLimit = restoredSessionModelIndex >= 0 ? restoredSessionModelIndex : sessionModelStrings.length;
+		if (!hasExplicitModel && sessionRetryLimit > 0) {
+			for (let i = 0; i < sessionRetryLimit; i++) {
+				const sessionModelStr = sessionModelStrings[i];
+				const parsedModel = parseModelString(sessionModelStr);
+				if (!parsedModel) continue;
+				const restoredModel = modelRegistry.find(parsedModel.provider, parsedModel.id);
+				if (restoredModel && (await hasModelApiKey(restoredModel))) {
+					model = restoredModel;
+					modelFallbackMessage = undefined;
+					restoredSessionModelIndex = i;
+					// Recompute thinking-level from scratch against the reclaimed
+					// model: any value derived from the earlier fallback model's
+					// `thinking.defaultLevel` must not become sticky.
+					thinkingLevel = pickInitialThinkingLevel(restoredModel);
+					autoThinking = thinkingLevel === AUTO_THINKING;
+					effectiveThinkingLevel = thinkingLevel === AUTO_THINKING ? undefined : thinkingLevel;
+					effectiveThinkingLevel = logger.time("resolveThinkingLevelForModel", () =>
+						autoThinking
+							? resolveProvisionalAutoLevel(restoredModel)
+							: resolveThinkingLevelForModel(restoredModel, effectiveThinkingLevel),
+					);
+					preconnectModelHost(restoredModel.baseUrl);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Resolve deferred --model pattern now that extension models are registered.
+		if (!model && options.modelPattern) {
+			const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAll();
+			const matchPreferences = {
+				usageOrder: settings.getStorage()?.getModelUsageOrder(),
+			};
+			const { model: resolved } = parseModelPattern(options.modelPattern, availableModels, matchPreferences, {
+				modelRegistry,
+			});
+			if (resolved) {
+				model = resolved;
+				modelFallbackMessage = undefined;
+			} else {
+				modelFallbackMessage = `Model "${options.modelPattern}" not found`;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fall back to first available model with a valid API key, honoring the
+		// path-scoped `enabledModels` allow-list when configured. Skip when the
+		// user explicitly requested a model via --model that wasn't found.
+		if (!model && !options.modelPattern) {
+			// Re-resolve the allowed set: extension factories above may have
+			// registered providers/models that weren't visible at startup.
+			const fallbackCandidates = await resolveAllowedModels(modelRegistry, settings, modelMatchPreferences);
+			for (const candidate of fallbackCandidates) {
+				if (await hasModelApiKey(candidate)) {
+					model = candidate;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (model) {
+				if (modelFallbackMessage) {
+					modelFallbackMessage += `. Using ${model.provider}/${model.id}`;
+				}
+			} else {
+				const patterns = settings.get("enabledModels");
+				modelFallbackMessage =
+					patterns && patterns.length > 0
+						? `No model available matching enabledModels (${patterns.join(", ")}) with usable credentials. Configure auth for an allowed provider or adjust enabledModels.`
+						: "No models available. Use /login or set an API key environment variable. Then use /model to select a model.";
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Discover custom commands (TypeScript slash commands)
+		const customCommandsResult: CustomCommandsLoadResult = options.disableExtensionDiscovery
+			? { commands: [], errors: [] }
+			: await logger.time("discoverCustomCommands", loadCustomCommandsInternal, { cwd, agentDir });
+		if (!options.disableExtensionDiscovery) {
+			for (const { path, error } of customCommandsResult.errors) {
+				logger.error("Failed to load custom command", { path, error });
+			}
+		}
+
+		// The runner is created unconditionally — even with zero extensions loaded — because the
+		// `ExtensionToolWrapper` installed below is the only place the per-tool approval gate runs.
+		// A conditional runner means the approval system silently disappears for users with no
+		// extensions, contradicting non-yolo `tools.approvalMode` settings without feedback.
+		// (Today `createAutoresearchExtension` is unconditionally pushed below, so this scenario
+		// is unreachable; the unconditional construction makes that invariant explicit instead of
+		// implicit, so a future change to make autoresearch optional cannot silently re-open the hole.)
+		const extensionRunner: ExtensionRunner = new ExtensionRunner(
+			extensionsResult.extensions,
+			extensionsResult.runtime,
+			cwd,
+			sessionManager,
+			modelRegistry,
+		);
+
+		credentialDisabledTarget = extensionRunner;
+		for (const event of startupCredentialDisabledEvents.splice(0)) {
+			// Discard return: any handler error is routed through runner.onError listeners.
+			void extensionRunner.emitCredentialDisabled(event);
+		}
+
+		const getSessionContext = () => ({
+			sessionManager,
+			modelRegistry,
+			model: agent.state.model,
+			isIdle: () => !session.isStreaming,
+			hasQueuedMessages: () => session.queuedMessageCount > 0,
+			abort: () => {
+				session.abort();
+			},
+			settings,
+			autoApprove: options.autoApprove ?? false,
+		});
+		const toolContextStore = new ToolContextStore(getSessionContext);
+
+		const registeredTools = extensionRunner.getAllRegisteredTools();
+		const allCustomTools = [
+			...registeredTools,
+			...(options.customTools?.map(tool => {
+				const definition = isCustomTool(tool) ? customToolToDefinition(tool) : tool;
+				return { definition, extensionPath: "<sdk>" };
+			}) ?? []),
+		];
+		const wrappedExtensionTools: Tool[] = wrapRegisteredTools(allCustomTools, extensionRunner);
+
+		// All built-in tools are active (conditional tools like git/ask return null from factory if disabled)
+		const toolRegistry = new Map<string, Tool>();
+		for (const tool of builtinTools) {
+			toolRegistry.set(tool.name, tool);
+		}
+		if (!toolRegistry.has("goal") && settings.get("goal.enabled")) {
+			const goalTool = await logger.time("createTools:goal:session", HIDDEN_TOOLS.goal, toolSession);
+			if (goalTool) {
+				toolRegistry.set(goalTool.name, wrapToolWithMetaNotice(goalTool));
+			}
+		}
+		for (const tool of wrappedExtensionTools) {
+			toolRegistry.set(tool.name, tool);
+		}
+		// Wrap every tool with `ExtensionToolWrapper` so the per-tool approval gate runs on every
+		// call site, regardless of whether any user extensions are loaded. See the runner-construction
+		// comment above for the safety invariant this enforces.
+		for (const tool of toolRegistry.values()) {
+			toolRegistry.set(tool.name, new ExtensionToolWrapper(tool, extensionRunner));
+		}
+		if (model?.provider === "cursor") {
+			toolRegistry.delete("edit");
+		}
+
+		// `resolve` is hidden but must stay in the registry whenever any code path can invoke it:
+		// either a deferrable tool stages a preview action, or plan mode installs a standing handler
+		// that consumes `resolve { action: "apply" }` to submit the plan for approval (issue #1428).
+		// Dropping it on read-only sessions (e.g. plan-mode toolset `read`, `search`, `find`,
+		// `web_search`) leaves plan mode unable to exit through the intended path.
+		const hasDeferrableTools = Array.from(toolRegistry.values()).some(tool => tool.deferrable === true);
+		const planModeAvailable = settings.get("plan.enabled");
+		const needsResolveTool = hasDeferrableTools || planModeAvailable;
+		if (!needsResolveTool) {
+			toolRegistry.delete("resolve");
+		} else if (!toolRegistry.has("resolve")) {
+			const resolveTool = await logger.time("createTools:resolve:session", HIDDEN_TOOLS.resolve, toolSession);
+			if (resolveTool) {
+				toolRegistry.set(resolveTool.name, wrapToolWithMetaNotice(resolveTool));
+			}
+		}
+
+		const effectiveDiscoveryMode = resolveEffectiveToolDiscoveryMode(
+			settings,
+			countToolsForAutoDiscovery(toolRegistry.keys()),
+		);
+		if (effectiveDiscoveryMode !== "off" && !toolRegistry.has("search_tool_bm25")) {
+			const searchTool: Tool = new SearchToolBm25Tool(toolSession);
+			toolRegistry.set(
+				searchTool.name,
+				new ExtensionToolWrapper(wrapToolWithMetaNotice(searchTool), extensionRunner) as Tool,
+			);
+		}
+		const mcpDiscoveryEnabled = effectiveDiscoveryMode !== "off"; // back-compat: true when any discovery active
+
+		const reloadSshTool = async (): Promise<AgentTool | null> => {
+			if (!requestedToolNameSet.has("ssh")) return null;
+			const sshTool = (await loadSshTool({
+				...toolSession,
+				cwd: sessionManager.getCwd(),
+			})) as unknown as AgentTool | null;
+			if (!sshTool) return null;
+			const wrapped = wrapToolWithMetaNotice(sshTool);
+			return new ExtensionToolWrapper(wrapped, extensionRunner) as AgentTool;
+		};
+
+		let cursorEventEmitter: ((event: AgentEvent) => void) | undefined;
+		const cursorExecHandlers = new CursorExecHandlers({
+			cwd,
+			tools: toolRegistry,
+			getToolContext: () => toolContextStore.getContext(),
+			emitEvent: event => cursorEventEmitter?.(event),
+		});
+
+		const repeatToolDescriptions = settings.get("repeatToolDescriptions");
+		const eagerTasks = settings.get("task.eager");
+		const intentField = $flag("PROMETHEUS_INTENT_TRACING", settings.get("tools.intentTracing"))
+			? INTENT_FIELD
+			: undefined;
+		const rebuildSystemPrompt = async (
+			toolNames: string[],
+			tools: Map<string, AgentTool>,
+		): Promise<BuildSystemPromptResult> => {
+			toolContextStore.setToolNames(toolNames);
+			const discoverableMCPTools: DiscoverableTool[] = mcpDiscoveryEnabled
+				? filterBySource(collectDiscoverableTools(tools.values()), "mcp")
+				: [];
+			const activeToolNames = new Set(toolNames);
+			const discoverableBuiltinTools: DiscoverableTool[] =
+				effectiveDiscoveryMode === "all"
+					? collectDiscoverableTools(
+							Array.from(tools.values()).filter(
+								tool => tool.loadMode === "discoverable" && !activeToolNames.has(tool.name),
+							),
+							{ source: "builtin" },
+						)
+					: [];
+			const discoverableToolsForDesc: DiscoverableTool[] = [...discoverableBuiltinTools, ...discoverableMCPTools];
+			const discoverableToolSummary = summarizeDiscoverableTools(discoverableToolsForDesc);
+			const hasDiscoverableTools =
+				mcpDiscoveryEnabled && toolNames.includes("search_tool_bm25") && discoverableToolsForDesc.length > 0;
+			const promptTools = buildSystemPromptToolMetadata(tools, {
+				search_tool_bm25: { description: renderSearchToolBm25Description(discoverableToolsForDesc) },
+			});
+			const memoryBackend = resolveMemoryBackend(settings);
+			const memoryInstructions = await memoryBackend.buildDeveloperInstructions(agentDir, settings, session);
+
+			// Build combined append prompt: memory instructions + MCP server instructions
+			const serverInstructions = mcpManager?.getServerInstructions();
+			let appendPrompt: string | undefined = memoryInstructions ?? undefined;
+			if (serverInstructions && serverInstructions.size > 0) {
+				const parts: string[] = [];
+				if (appendPrompt) parts.push(appendPrompt);
+				parts.push(
+					"## MCP Server Instructions\n\nThe following instructions are provided by connected MCP servers. They are server-controlled and may not be verified.",
+				);
+				for (const [srvName, srvInstructions] of serverInstructions) {
+					const truncated =
+						srvInstructions.length > MAX_MCP_INSTRUCTIONS_LENGTH
+							? `${srvInstructions.slice(0, MAX_MCP_INSTRUCTIONS_LENGTH)}\n[truncated]`
+							: srvInstructions;
+					parts.push(`### ${srvName}\n${truncated}`);
+				}
+				appendPrompt = parts.join("\n\n");
+			}
+			const defaultPrompt = await buildSystemPromptInternal({
+				cwd,
+				skills,
+				contextFiles,
+				tools: promptTools,
+				toolNames,
+				rules: rulebookRules,
+				alwaysApplyRules,
+				skillsSettings: settings.getGroup("skills"),
+				appendSystemPrompt: appendPrompt,
+				repeatToolDescriptions,
+				intentField,
+				mcpDiscoveryMode: hasDiscoverableTools,
+				mcpDiscoveryServerSummaries: discoverableToolSummary.servers.map(formatDiscoverableToolServerSummary),
+				eagerTasks,
+				secretsEnabled,
+				workspaceTree: workspaceTreePromise,
+				memoryRootEnabled: memoryBackend.id === "local",
+				model: settings.get("includeModelInPrompt") ? getActiveModelString() : undefined,
+			});
+
+			if (options.systemPrompt === undefined) {
+				return defaultPrompt;
+			}
+			if (Array.isArray(options.systemPrompt)) {
+				return { systemPrompt: options.systemPrompt };
+			}
+			return {
+				systemPrompt: options.systemPrompt(defaultPrompt.systemPrompt),
+			};
+		};
+
+		const toolNamesFromRegistry = Array.from(toolRegistry.keys());
+		const explicitlyRequestedToolNames = options.toolNames
+			? [...new Set(options.toolNames.map(name => name.toLowerCase()))]
+			: undefined;
+		// When `requireYieldTool` is set, the subagent's prompts and idle-reminders demand a
+		// `yield` call to terminate. The tool registry already includes `yield` (see
+		// `createTools`), but an explicit `toolNames` list would otherwise drop it from the
+		// active set — leaving the model unable to satisfy the contract. Mirror the same
+		// invariant `parseAgentFields` enforces on frontmatter `tools`.
+		if (
+			options.requireYieldTool === true &&
+			explicitlyRequestedToolNames &&
+			!explicitlyRequestedToolNames.includes("yield")
+		) {
+			explicitlyRequestedToolNames.push("yield");
+		}
+		const requestedToolNames = explicitlyRequestedToolNames ?? toolNamesFromRegistry;
+		const normalizedRequested = requestedToolNames.filter(name => toolRegistry.has(name));
+		const requestedToolNameSet = new Set(normalizedRequested);
+		// Effective discovery mode is resolved after the full registry exists so auto mode can count MCP/extension tools.
+		const defaultInactiveToolNames = new Set(
+			registeredTools.filter(tool => tool.definition.defaultInactive).map(tool => tool.definition.name),
+		);
+		const requestedActiveToolNames = normalizedRequested.filter(name => name !== "goal");
+		const initialRequestedActiveToolNames = options.toolNames
+			? requestedActiveToolNames
+			: requestedActiveToolNames.filter(name => !defaultInactiveToolNames.has(name));
+		const explicitlyRequestedMCPToolNames = options.toolNames
+			? requestedActiveToolNames.filter(name => name.startsWith("mcp__"))
+			: [];
+		const discoveryDefaultServers = new Set(
+			(settings.get("mcp.discoveryDefaultServers") ?? []).map(serverName => serverName.trim()).filter(Boolean),
+		);
+		const discoveryDefaultServerToolNames = mcpDiscoveryEnabled
+			? selectDiscoverableToolNamesByServer(
+					filterBySource(collectDiscoverableTools(toolRegistry.values()), "mcp"),
+					discoveryDefaultServers,
+				)
+			: [];
+		let initialSelectedMCPToolNames: string[] = [];
+		let defaultSelectedMCPToolNames: string[] = [];
+		let initialToolNames = [...initialRequestedActiveToolNames];
+		if (mcpDiscoveryEnabled) {
+			const restoredSelectedMCPToolNames = existingSession.selectedMCPToolNames.filter(name =>
+				toolRegistry.has(name),
+			);
+			defaultSelectedMCPToolNames = [
+				...new Set([...discoveryDefaultServerToolNames, ...explicitlyRequestedMCPToolNames]),
+			];
+			initialSelectedMCPToolNames = existingSession.hasPersistedMCPToolSelection
+				? restoredSelectedMCPToolNames
+				: [...new Set([...restoredSelectedMCPToolNames, ...defaultSelectedMCPToolNames])];
+			initialToolNames = [
+				...new Set([
+					...initialRequestedActiveToolNames.filter(name => !name.startsWith("mcp__")),
+					...initialSelectedMCPToolNames,
+				]),
+			];
+		}
+
+		// Custom tools and extension-registered tools are always included regardless of toolNames filter
+		const alwaysInclude: string[] = [
+			...(options.customTools?.map(t => (isCustomTool(t) ? t.name : t.name)) ?? []),
+			...registeredTools.filter(t => !t.definition.defaultInactive).map(t => t.definition.name),
+		];
+		for (const name of alwaysInclude) {
+			if (mcpDiscoveryEnabled && name.startsWith("mcp__")) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (toolRegistry.has(name) && !initialToolNames.includes(name)) {
+				initialToolNames.push(name);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// When tools.discoveryMode === "all", hide non-essential built-in discoverable tools
+		// from the initial set unless they were explicitly requested or restored from persistence.
+		// The model finds them via search_tool_bm25 and activates them on demand.
+		if (effectiveDiscoveryMode === "all") {
+			const essentialBuiltinNames = new Set(computeEssentialBuiltinNames(settings));
+			const explicitlyRequestedToolNames = new Set(options.toolNames?.map(name => name.toLowerCase()) ?? []);
+			// Back-compat: persisted activations live under selectedMCPToolNames today (built-in
+			// activation persistence is a follow-up). MCP names won't collide with built-in names.
+			const restoredDiscoveredNames = new Set(existingSession.selectedMCPToolNames);
+			initialToolNames = initialToolNames.filter(name => {
+				const tool = toolRegistry.get(name);
+				if (!tool?.loadMode) return true; // not a built-in — leave MCP/custom/extension to existing logic
+				if (tool.loadMode === "essential") return true;
+				if (essentialBuiltinNames.has(name)) return true;
+				if (explicitlyRequestedToolNames.has(name)) return true;
+				if (restoredDiscoveredNames.has(name)) return true;
+				return false;
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Pre-register in the global agent registry BEFORE building the system prompt,
+		// so that subagents launched in the same parallel batch can see each other in
+		// their initial `# IRC Peers` block (rendered inside `rebuildSystemPrompt`).
+		// The session reference is attached after construction below.
+		agentRegistry.register({
+			id: resolvedAgentId,
+			displayName: resolvedAgentDisplayName,
+			kind: (options.taskDepth ?? 0) > 0 || options.parentTaskPrefix ? "sub" : "main",
+			parentId: options.parentTaskPrefix,
+			session: null,
+			sessionFile: sessionManager.getSessionFile() ?? null,
+			status: "running",
+		});
+		hasRegistered = true;
+
+		const { systemPrompt } = await logger.time(
+			"buildSystemPrompt",
+			rebuildSystemPrompt,
+			initialToolNames,
+			toolRegistry,
+		);
+
+		const promptTemplates = await promptTemplatesPromise;
+		toolSession.promptTemplates = promptTemplates;
+
+		const slashCommands = await slashCommandsPromise;
+
+		// Create convertToLlm wrapper that filters images if blockImages is enabled (defense-in-depth)
+		const convertToLlmWithBlockImages = (messages: AgentMessage[]): Message[] => {
+			const converted = convertToLlm(messages);
+			// Check setting dynamically so mid-session changes take effect
+			if (!settings.get("images.blockImages")) {
+				return converted;
+			}
+			// Filter out ImageContent from all messages, replacing with text placeholder
+			return converted.map(msg => {
+				if (msg.role === "user" || msg.role === "toolResult") {
+					const content = msg.content;
+					if (Array.isArray(content)) {
+						const hasImages = content.some(c => c.type === "image");
+						if (hasImages) {
+							const filteredContent = content
+								.map(c =>
+									c.type === "image" ? { type: "text" as const, text: "Image reading is disabled." } : c,
+								)
+								.filter((c, i, arr) => {
+									// Dedupe consecutive "Image reading is disabled." texts
+									if (!(c.type === "text" && c.text === "Image reading is disabled." && i > 0)) return true;
+									const prev = arr[i - 1];
+									return !(prev.type === "text" && prev.text === "Image reading is disabled.");
+								});
+							return { ...msg, content: filteredContent };
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return msg;
+			});
+		};
+
+		// Final convertToLlm: chain block-images filter with secret obfuscation
+		const convertToLlmFinal = (messages: AgentMessage[]): Message[] => {
+			const converted = convertToLlmWithBlockImages(messages);
+			if (!obfuscator?.hasSecrets()) return converted;
+			return obfuscateMessages(obfuscator, converted);
+		};
+		const transformContext = async (messages: AgentMessage[], _signal?: AbortSignal) => {
+			const withContext = await extensionRunner.emitContext(messages);
+			return wrapSteeringForModel(withContext);
+		};
+		const onPayload = async (payload: unknown, _model?: Model) => {
+			return await extensionRunner.emitBeforeProviderRequest(payload);
+		};
+		const onResponse: SimpleStreamOptions["onResponse"] = async (response, model) => {
+			await extensionRunner.emitAfterProviderResponse(response, model);
+		};
+
+		const setToolUIContext = (uiContext: ExtensionUIContext, hasUI: boolean) => {
+			toolContextStore.setUIContext(uiContext, hasUI);
+		};
+
+		const initialTools = initialToolNames
+			.map(name => toolRegistry.get(name))
+			.filter((tool): tool is AgentTool => tool !== undefined);
+
+		const openaiWebsocketSetting = settings.get("providers.openaiWebsockets") ?? "off";
+		const preferOpenAICodexWebsockets =
+			openaiWebsocketSetting === "on" ? true : openaiWebsocketSetting === "off" ? false : undefined;
+		const serviceTierSetting = settings.get("serviceTier");
+
+		const initialServiceTier = hasServiceTierEntry
+			? existingSession.serviceTier
+			: serviceTierSetting === "none"
+				? undefined
+				: serviceTierSetting;
+
+		agent = new Agent({
+			initialState: {
+				systemPrompt,
+				model,
+				thinkingLevel: toReasoningEffort(effectiveThinkingLevel),
+				tools: initialTools,
+			},
+			convertToLlm: convertToLlmFinal,
+			onPayload,
+			onResponse,
+			sessionId: providerSessionId,
+			transformContext,
+			steeringMode: settings.get("steeringMode") ?? "one-at-a-time",
+			followUpMode: settings.get("followUpMode") ?? "one-at-a-time",
+			interruptMode: settings.get("interruptMode") ?? "immediate",
+			thinkingBudgets: settings.getGroup("thinkingBudgets"),
+			temperature: settings.get("temperature") >= 0 ? settings.get("temperature") : undefined,
+			topP: settings.get("topP") >= 0 ? settings.get("topP") : undefined,
+			topK: settings.get("topK") >= 0 ? settings.get("topK") : undefined,
+			minP: settings.get("minP") >= 0 ? settings.get("minP") : undefined,
+			presencePenalty: settings.get("presencePenalty") >= 0 ? settings.get("presencePenalty") : undefined,
+			repetitionPenalty: settings.get("repetitionPenalty") >= 0 ? settings.get("repetitionPenalty") : undefined,
+			serviceTier: initialServiceTier,
+			hideThinkingSummary: settings.get("hideThinkingBlock"),
+			kimiApiFormat: settings.get("providers.kimiApiFormat") ?? "anthropic",
+			preferWebsockets: preferOpenAICodexWebsockets,
+			getToolContext: tc => toolContextStore.getContext(tc),
+			getApiKey: async provider => {
+				// Read agent.sessionId at call time so credential selection stays aligned
+				// with metadataResolver after /new, fork, resume, or branch switches.
+				const key = await modelRegistry.getApiKeyForProvider(provider, agent.sessionId);
+				if (!key) {
+					throw new Error(`No API key found for provider "${provider}"`);
+				}
+				return key;
+			},
+			streamFn: (streamModel, context, streamOptions) => {
+				const openrouterRoutingPreset = settings.get("providers.openrouterVariant");
+				const openrouterVariant =
+					openrouterRoutingPreset && openrouterRoutingPreset !== "default" ? openrouterRoutingPreset : undefined;
+				return streamSimple(streamModel, context, {
+					...streamOptions,
+					openrouterVariant: streamOptions?.openrouterVariant ?? openrouterVariant,
+					onAuthError: async (provider, oldKey, error) => {
+						const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+						// streamSimple invokes this for both 401 auth failures AND
+						// rotatable usage-limit errors (Codex usage_limit_reached,
+						// Anthropic usage_limit_reached, etc.). The two need
+						// different storage actions: a real 401 means the credential
+						// is bad and should be marked suspect; a usage limit just
+						// means this account is parked until reset and should be
+						// temporarily blocked so a sibling can pick the request up.
+						if (isUsageLimitError(message)) {
+							const retryAfterMs = extractRetryHint(undefined, message);
+							const switched = await modelRegistry.authStorage.markUsageLimitReached(provider, agent.sessionId, {
+								retryAfterMs,
+								signal: streamOptions?.signal,
+							});
+							logger.debug("Retrying provider request after usage-limit block", {
+								provider,
+								switched,
+								retryAfterMs,
+								error: message,
+							});
+							if (!switched) return undefined;
+							return modelRegistry.getApiKeyForProvider(provider, agent.sessionId);
+						}
+						await modelRegistry.authStorage.invalidateCredentialMatching(provider, oldKey, {
+							signal: streamOptions?.signal,
+							sessionId: agent.sessionId,
+						});
+						logger.debug("Retrying provider request after credential invalidation", {
+							provider,
+							error: message,
+						});
+						return modelRegistry.getApiKeyForProvider(provider, agent.sessionId);
+					},
+				});
+			},
+			cursorExecHandlers,
+			transformToolCallArguments: (args, _toolName) => {
+				let result = args;
+				const maxTimeout = settings.get("tools.maxTimeout");
+				if (maxTimeout > 0 && typeof result.timeout === "number") {
+					result = { ...result, timeout: Math.min(result.timeout, maxTimeout) };
+				}
+				if (obfuscator?.hasSecrets()) {
+					result = obfuscator.deobfuscateObject(result);
+				}
+				return result;
+			},
+			intentTracing: !!intentField,
+			getToolChoice: () => session?.nextToolChoice(),
+			telemetry: options.telemetry,
+			appendOnlyContext: model
+				? shouldEnableAppendOnlyContext(settings.get("provider.appendOnlyContext"), model)
+					? new AppendOnlyContextManager()
+					: undefined
+				: undefined,
+		});
+
+		cursorEventEmitter = event => agent.emitExternalEvent(event);
+
+		// Restore messages if session has existing data
+		if (hasExistingSession) {
+			agent.replaceMessages(existingSession.messages);
+		} else {
+			// Save initial model, thinking level, and service tier for new sessions so they can be restored on resume.
+			if (model) {
+				sessionManager.appendModelChange(`${model.provider}/${model.id}`);
+			}
+			if (!autoThinking) {
+				// Do not write the `auto` selector before the first turn resolves; auto
+				// classification persists its concrete effort once a real user turn runs.
+				sessionManager.appendThinkingLevelChange(effectiveThinkingLevel);
+			}
+			if (initialServiceTier) {
+				sessionManager.appendServiceTierChange(initialServiceTier);
+			}
+		}
+
+		session = new AgentSession({
+			agent,
+			thinkingLevel: autoThinking ? AUTO_THINKING : effectiveThinkingLevel,
+			sessionManager,
+			settings,
+			evalKernelOwnerId,
+			// Defined only for top-level sessions (creation is gated above).
+			// AgentSession uses this to decide whether it may dispose the global
+			// AsyncJobManager on teardown; subagents inherit the parent's and
+			// **MUST NOT** tear it down.
+			ownedAsyncJobManager: asyncJobManager,
+			asyncJobManager: scopedAsyncJobManager,
+			scopedModels: options.scopedModels,
+			promptTemplates,
+			slashCommands,
+			extensionRunner,
+			customCommands: customCommandsResult.commands,
+			skills,
+			skillWarnings,
+			skillsSettings: settings.getGroup("skills"),
+			modelRegistry,
+			toolRegistry,
+			transformContext,
+			onPayload,
+			onResponse,
+			convertToLlm: convertToLlmFinal,
+			rebuildSystemPrompt,
+			reloadSshTool,
+			requestedToolNames: requestedToolNameSet,
+			getMcpServerInstructions: mcpManager
+				? () => {
+						const raw = mcpManager.getServerInstructions();
+						if (!raw || raw.size === 0) return raw;
+						const out = new Map<string, string>();
+						for (const [name, text] of raw) {
+							out.set(
+								name,
+								text.length > MAX_MCP_INSTRUCTIONS_LENGTH ? text.slice(0, MAX_MCP_INSTRUCTIONS_LENGTH) : text,
+							);
+						}
+						return out;
+					}
+				: undefined,
+			mcpDiscoveryEnabled,
+			initialSelectedMCPToolNames,
+			defaultSelectedMCPToolNames,
+			persistInitialMCPToolSelection: !hasExistingSession,
+			defaultSelectedMCPServerNames: [...discoveryDefaultServers],
+			ttsrManager,
+			obfuscator,
+			agentId: resolvedAgentId,
+			agentRegistry,
+			providerSessionId: options.providerSessionId,
+			parentEvalSessionId: options.parentEvalSessionId,
+		});
+		hasSession = true;
+		if (asyncJobManager) {
+			session.yieldQueue.register<AsyncResultEntry>("async-result", {
+				isStale: entry => asyncJobManager.isDeliverySuppressed(entry.jobId),
+				build: buildAsyncResultBatchMessage,
+			});
+		}
+		session.yieldQueue.register<McpNotificationEntry>("mcp-notification", {
+			build: buildMcpNotificationBatchMessage,
+		});
+
+		// Attach the live session to the pre-registered ref so peers can route IRC
+		// messages here. Refresh sessionFile in case it was unavailable at pre-register
+		// time. The dispose wrapper below unregisters on teardown.
+		agentRegistry.attachSession(resolvedAgentId, session, sessionManager.getSessionFile() ?? null);
+		{
+			const originalDispose = session.dispose.bind(session);
+			session.dispose = async () => {
+				try {
+					await originalDispose();
+				} finally {
+					agentRegistry.unregister(resolvedAgentId);
+					unsubscribeCredentialDisabled?.();
+				}
+			};
+		}
+
+		if (model?.api === "openai-codex-responses") {
+			const codexModel = model;
+			const codexTransport = getOpenAICodexTransportDetails(codexModel, {
+				sessionId: providerSessionId,
+				baseUrl: codexModel.baseUrl,
+				preferWebsockets: preferOpenAICodexWebsockets,
+				providerSessionState: session.providerSessionState,
+			});
+			if (codexTransport.websocketPreferred) {
+				void (async () => {
+					try {
+						const codexPrewarmApiKey = await modelRegistry.getApiKey(codexModel, providerSessionId);
+						if (!codexPrewarmApiKey) return;
+						await logger.time("prewarmOpenAICodexResponses", prewarmOpenAICodexResponses, codexModel, {
+							apiKey: codexPrewarmApiKey,
+							sessionId: providerSessionId,
+							preferWebsockets: preferOpenAICodexWebsockets,
+							providerSessionState: session.providerSessionState,
+						});
+					} catch (error) {
+						const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+						logger.debug("Codex websocket prewarm failed", {
+							error: errorMessage,
+							provider: codexModel.provider,
+							model: codexModel.id,
+						});
+					}
+				})();
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Start LSP warmup in the background so startup does not block on language server initialization.
+		// Print/script invocations (`hasUI=false`) don't render the warmup status indicator AND typically
+		// finish before LSP servers would have stabilized — warming them just spends CPU parsing big
+		// `initialize` responses concurrently with the LLM stream consumer, jittering perceived latency.
+		// Tools that need an LSP server still spin one up on demand through `getOrCreateClient`.
+		let lspServers: CreateAgentSessionResult["lspServers"];
+		if (enableLsp && options.hasUI && settings.get("lsp.diagnosticsOnWrite")) {
+			lspServers = discoverStartupLspServers(cwd);
+			if (lspServers.length > 0) {
+				void (async () => {
+					try {
+						const result = await logger.time("warmupLspServers", warmupLspServers, cwd);
+						const serversByName = new Map(result.servers.map(server => [server.name, server] as const));
+						for (const server of lspServers ?? []) {
+							const next = serversByName.get(server.name);
+							if (!next) continue;
+							server.status = next.status;
+							server.fileTypes = next.fileTypes;
+							server.error = next.error;
+						}
+						const event: LspStartupEvent = {
+							type: "completed",
+							servers: result.servers,
+						};
+						eventBus.emit(LSP_STARTUP_EVENT_CHANNEL, event);
+					} catch (error) {
+						const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+						logger.warn("LSP server warmup failed", { cwd, error: errorMessage });
+						for (const server of lspServers ?? []) {
+							server.status = "error";
+							server.error = errorMessage;
+						}
+						const event: LspStartupEvent = {
+							type: "failed",
+							error: errorMessage,
+						};
+						eventBus.emit(LSP_STARTUP_EVENT_CHANNEL, event);
+					}
+				})();
+			}
+		}
+
+		logger.time("startMemoryStartupTask", () =>
+			Promise.resolve(
+				resolveMemoryBackend(settings).start({
+					session,
+					settings,
+					modelRegistry,
+					agentDir,
+					taskDepth,
+					parentHindsightSessionState: options.parentHindsightSessionState,
+					parentMnemopiSessionState: options.parentMnemopiSessionState,
+				}),
+			),
+		);
+
+		// Wire MCP manager callbacks to session for reactive tool updates.
+		// Skip when reusing a parent's manager — the parent owns the callbacks.
+		if (mcpManager && !options.mcpManager) {
+			mcpManager.setOnToolsChanged(tools => {
+				void session.refreshMCPTools(tools);
+			});
+			// Wire prompt refresh → rebuild MCP prompt slash commands
+			mcpManager.setOnPromptsChanged(serverName => {
+				const promptCommands = buildMCPPromptCommands(mcpManager);
+				session.setMCPPromptCommands(promptCommands);
+				logger.debug("MCP prompt commands refreshed", { path: `mcp:${serverName}` });
+			});
+			const notificationDebounceTimers = new Map<string, Timer>();
+			const clearDebounceTimers = () => {
+				for (const timer of notificationDebounceTimers.values()) clearTimeout(timer);
+				notificationDebounceTimers.clear();
+			};
+			postmortem.register("mcp-notification-cleanup", clearDebounceTimers);
+			mcpManager.setOnResourcesChanged((serverName, uri) => {
+				logger.debug("MCP resources changed", { path: `mcp:${serverName}`, uri });
+				if (!settings.get("mcp.notifications")) return;
+				const debounceMs = settings.get("mcp.notificationDebounceMs");
+				const key = `${serverName}:${uri}`;
+				const existing = notificationDebounceTimers.get(key);
+				if (existing) clearTimeout(existing);
+				notificationDebounceTimers.set(
+					key,
+					setTimeout(() => {
+						notificationDebounceTimers.delete(key);
+						// Re-check: user may have disabled notifications during the debounce window
+						if (!settings.get("mcp.notifications")) return;
+						session.yieldQueue.enqueue<McpNotificationEntry>("mcp-notification", { serverName, uri });
+					}, debounceMs),
+				);
+			});
+		}
+
+		return {
+			session,
+			extensionsResult,
+			setToolUIContext,
+			mcpManager,
+			modelFallbackMessage,
+			lspServers,
+			eventBus,
+		};
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Release the subscription if the throw happened after install but before the
+		// dispose-wrap took ownership. Idempotent with dispose() — Set.delete is a no-op
+		// for already-removed listeners.
+		unsubscribeCredentialDisabled?.();
+		try {
+			if (hasSession) {
+				await session.dispose();
+			} else {
+				if (hasRegistered) agentRegistry.unregister(resolvedAgentId);
+				if (asyncJobManager) {
+					if (AsyncJobManager.instance() === asyncJobManager) {
+						AsyncJobManager.setInstance(undefined);
+					}
+					await asyncJobManager.dispose({ timeoutMs: 3_000 });
+				}
+				await disposeKernelSessionsByOwner(evalKernelOwnerId);
+			}
+		} catch (cleanupError) {
+			logger.warn("Failed to clean up createAgentSession resources after startup error", {
+				error: cleanupError instanceof Error ? cleanupError.message : String(cleanupError),
+			});
+		}
+		throw error;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Best-effort preconnect to the model's API host. Bun's `fetch.preconnect`
+ * primes DNS + TCP + TLS + H2 so the first real request reuses the warm
+ * connection. Errors are swallowed: preconnect is an optimization, never a
+ * hard dependency.
+ */
+function preconnectModelHost(baseUrl: string | undefined): void {
+	if (!baseUrl) return;
+	const preconnect = (globalThis.fetch as typeof fetch & { preconnect?: (url: string) => void }).preconnect;
+	if (typeof preconnect !== "function") return;
+	try {
+		preconnect(baseUrl);
+	} catch {
+		// Best effort.
+	}
+}