@pkmn/engine 0.1.0-dev.d716e940 → 0.1.0-dev.d73cd76c

package/src/lib/common/rational.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+const expect = std.testing.expect;
+const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
+const expectError = std.testing.expectError;
+
+/// Specialization of a rational number used by the engine to compute probabilties.
+/// For performance reasons the rational is only reduced lazily and thus `reduce` must be
+/// invoked explicitly before reading. Note that this laziness means that this implementation
+/// sometimes overflows in places where an eager reduced implementation would not - to achieve
+/// the same behavior as an eager implementation simply call `reduce` after each operation.
+pub fn Rational(comptime T: type) type {
+    // With floats we can't rely on an overflow bit to let us know when to reduce, so we
+    // instead start reducing when we get sufficiently close to the limit of the mantissa
+    // (in our domain we expect updates to involve numbers < 2**10, so we should be safe
+    // not reducing before we are 2**10 away from "overflowing" the mantissa)
+    const o = if (@typeInfo(T) == .float)
+        std.math.pow(T, 2, std.math.floatMantissaBits(T) - 10)
+    else
+        0;
+
+    const Err = switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => error{Overflow},
+        .float => error{},
+        else => unreachable,
+    };
+
+    // Zig doesn't allow integers > u128 in an extern struct...
+    return if (@sizeOf(T) <= 16) extern struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+
+        /// Numerator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        p: T = 1,
+        /// Denominator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        q: T = 1,
+
+        /// Possible error returned by operations on the Rational.
+        pub const Error = Err;
+
+        /// Resets the rational back to 1.
+        pub fn reset(r: *Self) void {
+            r.p = 1;
+            r.q = 1;
+        }
+
+        /// Update the rational by multiplying its numerator by p and its denominator by q.
+        /// Both p and q must be >= 1, and if computable at comptime must have no common factors.
+        pub fn update(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) Error!void {
+            return update_(T, o, r, p, q);
+        }
+
+        /// Add two rationals using the identity (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd).
+        pub fn add(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return add_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Multiplies two rationals.
+        pub fn mul(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return mul_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Compares two rationals using the identity (a/b) > (c/d) => ad > bc
+        pub fn cmp(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!std.math.Order {
+            return cmp_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Normalize the rational by reducing by the greatest common divisor.
+        pub fn reduce(r: *Self) void {
+            reduce_(r);
+        }
+
+        pub fn format(self: Self, writer: *std.Io.Writer) !void {
+            try writer.print("{d}/{d}", .{ self.p, self.q });
+        }
+    } else struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+
+        /// Numerator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        p: T = 1,
+        /// Denominator. Must always be >= 1. Not guaranteed to be reduced in all cases.
+        q: T = 1,
+
+        /// Possible error returned by operations on the Rational.
+        pub const Error = Err;
+
+        /// Resets the rational back to 1.
+        pub fn reset(r: *Self) void {
+            r.p = 1;
+            r.q = 1;
+        }
+
+        /// Update the rational by multiplying its numerator by p and its denominator by q.
+        /// Both p and q must be >= 1, and if computable at comptime must have no common factors.
+        pub fn update(r: *Self, p: anytype, q: anytype) Error!void {
+            return update_(T, o, r, p, q);
+        }
+
+        /// Add two rationals using the identity (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd).
+        pub fn add(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return add_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Multiplies two rationals.
+        pub fn mul(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!void {
+            return mul_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Compares two rationals using the identity (a/b) > (c/d) => ad > bc
+        pub fn cmp(r: *Self, s: anytype) Error!std.math.Order {
+            return cmp_(T, o, r, s);
+        }
+
+        /// Normalize the rational by reducing by the greatest common divisor.
+        pub fn reduce(r: *Self) void {
+            reduce_(r);
+        }
+
+        pub fn format(self: Self, writer: *std.Io.Writer) !void {
+            try writer.print("{d}/{d}", .{ self.p, self.q });
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+fn update_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    // std.debug.print("({d}/{d}) * ", .{ p, q }); // DEBUG
+    assert(p >= 1);
+    assert(q >= 1);
+
+    // If our parameters are not fully reduced they may prematurely
+    // cause overflow/loss of precision after the multiplication below
+    assert(switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p, q))) {
+        .comptime_int, .comptime_float => comptime gcd(p, q),
+        else => 1,
+    } == 1);
+
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => {
+            // Greedily attempt to multiply and if it fails, reduce and try again
+            multiplication(T, r, p, q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    try multiplication(T, r, p, q);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+        },
+        .float => {
+            // Reduce in situations where we're likely to start losing precision
+            if (r.q > o or r.p > o) r.reduce();
+
+            r.p *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p))) {
+                .float, .comptime_float => p,
+                else => @floatFromInt(p),
+            };
+            r.q *= switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(q))) {
+                .float, .comptime_float => q,
+                else => @floatFromInt(q),
+            };
+
+            // We should always be dealing with whole numbers
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn add_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, s: anytype) !void {
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => {
+            if (r.q == s.q) {
+                r.p = std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                    error.Overflow => val: {
+                        r.reduce();
+                        s.reduce();
+                        break :val try std.math.add(T, r.p, s.p);
+                    },
+                    else => unreachable,
+                };
+            } else {
+                addition(T, r, s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                    error.Overflow => {
+                        r.reduce();
+                        s.reduce();
+                        try addition(T, r, s.p, s.q);
+                    },
+                    else => unreachable,
+                };
+            }
+        },
+        .float => {
+            if (r.q == s.q) {
+                if (r.p > o) r.reduce();
+                if (s.p > o) s.reduce();
+
+                r.p += s.p;
+            } else {
+                // Always reduce to minimize loss of precision from the multiplications
+                r.reduce();
+                s.reduce();
+
+                r.p = (r.p * s.q) + (r.q * s.p);
+                r.q *= s.q;
+            }
+
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn mul_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, s: anytype) !void {
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => {
+            multiplication(T, r, s.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    s.reduce();
+                    try multiplication(T, r, s.p, s.q);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+        },
+        .float => {
+            if (r.q > o or r.p > o) r.reduce();
+            if (s.q > o or s.p > o) s.reduce();
+
+            r.p *= s.p;
+            r.q *= s.q;
+
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.p).fpart == 0);
+            assert(std.math.modf(r.q).fpart == 0);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn cmp_(comptime T: type, comptime o: comptime_int, r: anytype, s: anytype) !std.math.Order {
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => {
+            const ad = std.math.mul(T, r.p, s.q) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => ad: {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    s.reduce();
+                    break :ad try std.math.mul(T, r.p, s.q);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+            const bc = std.math.mul(T, r.q, s.p) catch |err| switch (err) {
+                error.Overflow => bc: {
+                    r.reduce();
+                    s.reduce();
+                    break :bc try std.math.mul(T, r.q, s.p);
+                },
+                else => unreachable,
+            };
+
+            return std.math.order(ad, bc);
+        },
+        .float => {
+            if (r.q > o or r.p > o) r.reduce();
+            if (s.q > o or s.p > o) s.reduce();
+
+            const ad: T = r.p * s.q;
+            const bc: T = r.q * s.p;
+
+            return std.math.order(ad, bc);
+        },
+        else => unreachable,
+    }
+}
+
+fn reduce_(r: anytype) void {
+    const d = gcd(r.p, r.q);
+    if (d == 1) return;
+
+    assert(@mod(r.p, d) == 0);
+    assert(@mod(r.q, d) == 0);
+
+    r.p /= d;
+    r.q /= d;
+
+    assert(r.p >= 1);
+    assert(r.q >= 1);
+}
+
+fn multiplication(comptime T: type, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    r.p = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, p);
+    r.q = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
+}
+
+fn addition(comptime T: type, r: anytype, p: anytype, q: anytype) !void {
+    // (a/b) + (c/d) = (ad+bc)/(bd)
+    const bd = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, q);
+    const ad = try std.math.mul(T, r.p, q);
+    const bc = try std.math.mul(T, r.q, p);
+
+    r.p = try std.math.add(T, ad, bc);
+    r.q = bd;
+}
+
+fn gcd(p: anytype, q: anytype) @TypeOf(p, q) {
+    assert(p >= 1);
+    assert(q >= 1);
+
+    // convert comptime_int to a sized integer within this function so that @ctz will work
+    const T = switch (@TypeOf(p, q)) {
+        comptime_int => std.math.IntFittingRange(@min(p, q), @max(p, q)),
+        else => |U| U,
+    };
+
+    switch (@typeInfo(T)) {
+        .int => {
+            // std.math.gcd but without some checks because we have a stricter range
+            var x: T = @intCast(p);
+            var y: T = @intCast(q);
+
+            const xz = @ctz(x);
+            const yz = @ctz(y);
+            const shift = @min(xz, yz);
+            x >>= @intCast(xz);
+            y >>= @intCast(yz);
+
+            var diff = y -% x;
+            while (diff != 0) : (diff = y -% x) {
+                const zeros = @ctz(diff);
+                if (x > y) diff = -%diff;
+                y = @min(x, y);
+                x = diff >> @intCast(zeros);
+            }
+
+            const result = y << @intCast(shift);
+            assert(result > 0);
+            return result;
+        },
+        else => {
+            var a = p;
+            var b = q;
+            var c: T = undefined;
+
+            while (b != 0) {
+                c = b;
+                b = @mod(a, b);
+                a = c;
+            }
+
+            assert(a > 0);
+            return a;
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+test gcd {
+    var prng = std.Random.DefaultPrng.init(std.testing.random_seed);
+    var random = prng.random();
+
+    for (0..1000) |_| {
+        const a = random.int(u32);
+        const b = random.int(u32);
+        if (a == 0 or b == 0) continue;
+
+        try expectEqual(
+            gcd(a, b),
+            @as(u32, @intFromFloat(gcd(@as(f64, @floatFromInt(a)), @as(f64, @floatFromInt(b))))),
+        );
+    }
+
+    try expectEqual(gcd(300_000, @as(u32, 2_300_000)), 100_000); // NB: @ctz requires an @intCast
+}
+
+fn doTurn(r: anytype) !void {
+    try r.update(1, 163); // Metronome
+    try r.update(33, 256); // Critical Hit (67 Speed)
+    try r.update(1, 39); // Damage roll
+    try r.update(89, 128); // Thunder accuracy (178/256)
+    try r.update(77, 256); // Thunder secondary proc
+}
+
+test Rational {
+    inline for (.{ u64, u128, u256, f64 }) |t| {
+        const R = Rational(t);
+        var r: R = .{};
+
+        var c: t = 128;
+        _ = &c;
+
+        try r.update(c, 256);
+        try doTurn(&r);
+
+        r.reduce();
+        try expectEqual(R{ .p = 75383, .q = 35550920704 }, r);
+
+        try r.update(1, 4);
+        if (t == u64) {
+            try expectError(error.Overflow, doTurn(&r));
+        } else {
+            try doTurn(&r);
+            r.reduce();
+            try expectEqual(R{ .p = 5682596689, .q = 2527735925804191711232 }, r);
+        }
+
+        r.reset();
+
+        var s = R{ .p = 10, .q = 13 };
+        try r.mul(&s);
+        s = R{ .p = 3, .q = 4 };
+        try r.mul(&s);
+        try expectEqual(R{ .p = 30, .q = 52 }, r);
+
+        s = R{ .p = 1, .q = 3 };
+        try r.add(&s);
+        r.reduce();
+        try expectEqual(R{ .p = 71, .q = 78 }, r);
+
+        var u = R{ .p = 3, .q = 5 };
+        var v = R{ .p = 2, .q = 5 };
+        try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .gt);
+        v = R{ .p = 4, .q = 5 };
+        try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .lt);
+
+        v = R{ .p = 3, .q = 6 };
+        try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .gt);
+        v = R{ .p = 3, .q = 4 };
+        try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .lt);
+
+        v = R{ .p = 3, .q = 5 };
+        try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .eq);
+
+        try doTurn(&u);
+        v = R{ .p = 4567216874, .q = 89124781931235 };
+        if (t == u64) {
+            try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), error.Overflow);
+        } else {
+            try expectEqual(u.cmp(&v), .lt);
+        }
+    }
+}

package/src/lib/common/rng.zig

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+const options = @import("options.zig");
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const options = @import("./options.zig");
-
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
-
 const showdown = options.showdown;
 
 pub fn PRNG(comptime gen: comptime_int) type {
@@ -25,6 +23,11 @@ pub fn PRNG(comptime gen: comptime_int) type {
         pub fn next(self: *Self) Output(gen) {
             return self.src.next();
         }
+
+        pub fn advance(self: *Self, n: usize) void {
+            if (!options.advance) return;
+            for (0..n) |_| self.src.advance();
+        }
     };
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ pub const PSRNG = extern struct {
     }
 
     pub fn range(self: *PSRNG, comptime T: type, from: T, to: Bound(T)) T {
-        return @intCast(T, @as(u64, self.src.next()) * (to - from) / divisor + from);
+        return @intCast(@as(u64, self.src.next()) * (to - from) / divisor + from);
     }
 
     pub fn chance(self: *PSRNG, comptime T: type, numerator: T, denominator: Bound(T)) bool {
@@ -61,10 +64,14 @@ pub const PSRNG = extern struct {
             (@as(u64, self.range(u16, 0, 0x10000)) << 16) |
             (@as(u64, self.range(u16, 0, 0x10000)));
     }
+
+    pub fn Bound(comptime T: type) type {
+        return std.math.IntFittingRange(0, std.math.maxInt(T) + 1);
+    }
 };
 
 test PSRNG {
-    var psrng = PSRNG{ .src = .{ .seed = 0x0001000200030004 } };
+    var psrng: PSRNG = .{ .src = .{ .seed = 0x0001000200030004 } };
     try expectEqual(@as(u8, 121), psrng.range(u8, 0, 256));
     try expectEqual(false, psrng.chance(u8, 128, 256)); // 226 < 128
 }
@@ -72,28 +79,32 @@ test PSRNG {
 // https://pkmn.cc/pokered/engine/battle/core.asm#L6644-L6693
 // https://pkmn.cc/pokecrystal/engine/battle/core.asm#L6922-L6938
 pub const Gen12 = extern struct {
-    seed: [10]u8,
+    seed: [9]u8,
     index: u8 = 0,
 
     comptime {
-        assert(@sizeOf(Gen12) == 11);
+        assert(@sizeOf(Gen12) == 10);
     }
 
-    pub fn percent(p: u8) u8 {
-        return @intCast(u8, (@as(u16, p) * 0xFF) / 100);
+    pub fn percent(comptime p: comptime_int) u8 {
+        return @intCast((@as(u16, p) * 0xFF) / 100);
     }
 
     pub fn next(self: *Gen12) u8 {
         const val = 5 *% self.seed[self.index] +% 1;
         self.seed[self.index] = val;
-        self.index = (self.index + 1) % 10;
+        self.index = (self.index + 1) % 9;
         return val;
     }
+
+    pub fn advance(self: *Gen12) void {
+        _ = self.next();
+    }
 };
 
 test Gen12 {
-    const expected = [_]u8{ 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 31, 56, 81 };
-    var rng = Gen12{ .seed = .{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } };
+    const expected = [_]u8{ 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 31, 56, 81 };
+    var rng: Gen12 = .{ .seed = .{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 } };
     for (expected) |e| {
         try expectEqual(e, rng.next());
     }
@@ -114,7 +125,7 @@ pub const Gen34 = extern struct {
 
     pub fn next(self: *Gen34) u16 {
         self.advance();
-        return @intCast(u16, self.seed >> 16);
+        return @intCast(self.seed >> 16);
     }
 
     pub fn advance(self: *Gen34) void {
@@ -129,7 +140,7 @@ test Gen34 {
         .{ 0x80000000, 5, 0x0E425287 }, .{ 0x80000000, 10, 0x6F2CF4B2 },
     };
     for (data) |d| {
-        var rng = Gen34{ .seed = d[0] };
+        var rng: Gen34 = .{ .seed = d[0] };
         for (0..d[1]) |_| _ = rng.next();
         try expectEqual(d[2], rng.seed);
     }
@@ -144,7 +155,7 @@ pub const Gen56 = extern struct {
 
     pub fn next(self: *Gen56) u32 {
         self.advance();
-        return @intCast(u32, self.seed >> 32);
+        return @intCast(self.seed >> 32);
     }
 
     pub fn advance(self: *Gen56) void {
@@ -161,7 +172,7 @@ test Gen56 {
         .{ 0x8000000000000000, 10, 0xE7795501267F125A },
     };
     for (data) |d| {
-        var rng = Gen56{ .seed = d[0] };
+        var rng: Gen56 = .{ .seed = d[0] };
         for (0..d[1]) |_| _ = rng.next();
         try expectEqual(d[2], rng.seed);
     }
@@ -188,16 +199,16 @@ pub fn FixedRNG(comptime gen: comptime_int, comptime len: usize) type {
             for (0..n) |_| _ = self.next();
         }
 
-        pub fn range(self: *Self, comptime T: type, from: T, to: Bound(T)) T {
+        pub fn range(self: *Self, comptime T: type, from: T, to: PSRNG.Bound(T)) T {
             assert(showdown);
-            return @intCast(T, @as(u64, self.next()) * (to - from) / divisor + from);
+            return @intCast(@as(u64, self.next()) * (to - from) / divisor + from);
         }
 
         pub fn chance(
             self: *Self,
             comptime T: type,
             numerator: T,
-            denominator: Bound(T),
+            denominator: PSRNG.Bound(T),
         ) bool {
             assert(showdown);
             assert(denominator > 0);
@@ -213,7 +224,7 @@ pub fn FixedRNG(comptime gen: comptime_int, comptime len: usize) type {
 test FixedRNG {
     const Type = if (showdown) u32 else u8;
     const expected = [_]Type{ 42, 255, 0 };
-    var rng = FixedRNG(1, expected.len){ .rolls = expected };
+    var rng: FixedRNG(1, expected.len) = .{ .rolls = expected };
     for (expected) |e| {
         try expectEqual(e, rng.next());
     }
@@ -228,7 +239,3 @@ fn Output(comptime gen: comptime_int) type {
         else => unreachable,
     };
 }
-
-fn Bound(comptime T: type) type {
-    return std.math.IntFittingRange(0, std.math.maxInt(T) + 1);
-}

package/src/lib/common/util.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const expect = std.testing.expect;
+const expectEqual = std.testing.expectEqual;
+
+pub fn PointerType(comptime P: type, comptime C: type) type {
+    const ptr_info = @typeInfo(P).pointer;
+    const is_const = if (@hasField(@TypeOf(ptr_info), "attrs"))
+        ptr_info.attrs.@"const"
+    else
+        ptr_info.is_const;
+    return if (is_const) *const C else *C;
+}
+
+test PointerType {
+    try expectEqual(*bool, PointerType(*u8, bool));
+    try expectEqual(*const f64, PointerType(*const i32, f64));
+}
+
+pub fn EnumFieldsLen(comptime E: type) usize {
+    const info = @typeInfo(E).@"enum";
+    return if (@hasField(@TypeOf(info), "fields"))
+        info.fields.len
+    else
+        info.field_names.len;
+}
+
+test EnumFieldsLen {
+    const E1 = enum { A, B, C };
+    const E2 = enum(u8) { A = 0, B = 10, C = 20, D = 30 };
+    try expectEqual(3, EnumFieldsLen(E1));
+    try expectEqual(4, EnumFieldsLen(E2));
+}
+
+pub fn isPointerTo(p: anytype, comptime P: type) bool {
+    const info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(p));
+    return switch (info) {
+        .pointer => info.pointer.child == P,
+        else => false,
+    };
+}
+
+test isPointerTo {
+    const S = struct {};
+    const s: S = .{};
+    try expect(!isPointerTo(s, S));
+    try expect(isPointerTo(&s, S));
+}
+
+pub fn repeat(comptime xs: anytype, comptime n: usize) [xs.len * n]@TypeOf(xs[0]) {
+    comptime {
+        const T = @TypeOf(xs[0]);
+        var ts: [xs.len * n]T = undefined;
+
+        var i: usize = 0;
+        while (i < n) : (i += 1) {
+            for (xs, 0..) |v, j| {
+                ts[i * xs.len + j] = v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ts;
+    }
+}