@photivra/engine 1.4.0 → 2.0.0

package/dist/optics/front-of-lens-filter.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Generic filters that screw onto the front of the lens.\n *\n * Schema 0.1.0 is explicitly unbranded and unpolarized. It models only passive transmission in front\n * of the lens. It does not cover reflections between stacked filters, flare or ghosting, or filters\n * that change wavelength.\n *\n * Schema 0.2.0 adds one polarizing kind: a linear (partial) polarizer. It has a principal\n * transmittance k1, an extinction ratio k1/k2 and a transmission-axis angle. Polarization is carried\n * as linear Stokes parameters (S0, S1, S2). Filters are applied in order using the Mueller matrix of\n * a linear diattenuator (Gil, arXiv:2002.04105, eqs. 134-135, free; Malus's law: OpenStax University\n * Physics Vol. 3, sec. 1.7, free. Also see: Chipman, Handbook of Optics vol. I ch. 22, 3rd ed., 2010;\n * Goldstein, Polarized Light, 3rd ed., ch. 4-5; Born & Wolf, Principles of Optics, sec. 1.4.2):\n *   T = (k1 + k2)/2 + (k1 - k2)/2 * P * cos(2 (psi - theta))\n * Here P is the incident light's degree of linear polarization, psi its polarization angle and theta\n * the filter axis angle.\n * - For P = 1 this is Malus's law: k1 cos^2(psi - theta) + k2 sin^2(psi - theta).\n * - For unpolarized light it is (k1 + k2)/2, about half of k1.\n * Not modelled: circular polarization, retardance (for example the quarter-wave plate in a circular\n * polarizer), dependence on the angle of incidence, and depolarization.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport {\n  parseEvidenceList,\n  type EvidenceBackedFact,\n  type EvidenceProvenance\n} from \"../core/evidence-provenance.js\";\nimport {\n  parseSpectralWavelengthBasis,\n  type SpectralWavelengthBasis\n} from \"../core/spectral.js\";\nimport { InvalidScientificInputError } from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputKeys, rejectUnknownFields, rejectUnknownVariantFields, UNCERTAINTY_VARIANT_FIELDS } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\n\ntype UnknownRecord = Record<string, unknown>;\n\nexport const FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION =\n  \"0.1.0\" as const;\n/** Schema that also allows the `linear-polarizer` transmission kind. */\nexport const FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION =\n  \"0.2.0\" as const;\n\nexport type FrontOfLensFilterProfileSchemaVersion =\n  | typeof FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION\n  | typeof FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION;\n\n/** Partially linearly polarized light: degree P in [0, 1] and polarization angle psi. */\nexport interface LinearPolarizationState {\n  /** Degree of linear polarization P in [0, 1]; 0 is unpolarized. */\n  degreeOfLinearPolarization: number;\n  /** Electric-field polarization angle, degrees counter-clockwise from image +X. */\n  angleDegrees: number;\n}\n\nexport type FrontOfLensFilterScientificStatus =\n  | \"calibrated\"\n  | \"approximation\";\n\nexport type FrontOfLensFilterUncertainty =\n  | {\n      kind: \"relative\";\n      fraction: number;\n      basis: string;\n    }\n  | {\n      kind: \"not-quantified\";\n      limitation: string;\n    };\n\nexport interface FrontOfLensFilterSpectralSample {\n  wavelengthNanometers: number;\n  linearTransmissionFactor: number;\n}\n\nexport type FrontOfLensFilterTransmissionModel =\n  | {\n      kind: \"neutral-linear-transmission\";\n      linearTransmissionFactor:\n        EvidenceBackedFact<number>;\n    }\n  | {\n      kind: \"neutral-optical-density\";\n      opticalDensityBase10:\n        EvidenceBackedFact<number>;\n    }\n  | {\n      kind: \"spectral-transmission\";\n      samples:\n        EvidenceBackedFact<\n          readonly FrontOfLensFilterSpectralSample[]\n        >;\n    }\n  | {\n      /** Schema 0.2.0 only. Neutral (wavelength-independent) within the declared range. */\n      kind: \"linear-polarizer\";\n      /** k1: intensity transmittance for light polarized along the transmission axis, (0, 1]. */\n      principalTransmittance:\n        EvidenceBackedFact<number>;\n      /** k1 / k2. Finite and >= 1. Use a large finite ratio for a near-ideal polarizer. */\n      extinctionRatio:\n        EvidenceBackedFact<number>;\n      /** Transmission-axis angle as mounted, degrees counter-clockwise from image +X. */\n      transmissionAxisDegrees: number;\n    };\n\nexport interface FrontOfLensFilterProfile {\n  schemaVersion:\n    FrontOfLensFilterProfileSchemaVersion;\n  filterId: string;\n  profileVersion: string;\n  identityScope:\n    \"photivra-generic-unbranded\";\n  position: \"front-of-lens\";\n  scientificStatus:\n    FrontOfLensFilterScientificStatus;\n  wavelengthBasis:\n    Exclude<\n      SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n      \"unspecified\"\n    >;\n  wavelengthRangeNanometers: {\n    minimum: number;\n    maximum: number;\n  };\n  transmission:\n    FrontOfLensFilterTransmissionModel;\n  uncertainty:\n    FrontOfLensFilterUncertainty;\n  /** True exactly when the transmission kind is `linear-polarizer` (schema 0.2.0). */\n  polarizationModeled: boolean;\n  wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n    false;\n  evidence: readonly EvidenceProvenance[];\n  limitations: readonly string[];\n}\n\nexport interface ResolveFrontOfLensFilterTransmissionInput {\n  profile: FrontOfLensFilterProfile;\n  wavelengthNanometers: number;\n  wavelengthBasis:\n    Exclude<\n      SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n      \"unspecified\"\n    >;\n  /** Incident polarization; omitted means unpolarized. */\n  incidentPolarization?: LinearPolarizationState;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission {\n  schemaVersion:\n    FrontOfLensFilterProfileSchemaVersion;\n  filterId: string;\n  profileVersion: string;\n  identityScope:\n    \"photivra-generic-unbranded\";\n  position: \"front-of-lens\";\n  scientificStatus:\n    FrontOfLensFilterScientificStatus;\n  wavelengthNanometers: number;\n  wavelengthBasis:\n    Exclude<\n      SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n      \"unspecified\"\n    >;\n  transmissionKind:\n    FrontOfLensFilterTransmissionModel[\"kind\"];\n  /** Intensity transmittance for the declared incident polarization. */\n  linearTransmissionFactor: number;\n  attenuationStops: number;\n  opticalDensityBase10: number;\n  polarizationModeled: boolean;\n  incidentPolarization: LinearPolarizationState;\n  transmittedPolarization: LinearPolarizationState;\n  wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n    false;\n  lensTransmissionIncluded: false;\n  sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false;\n  fieldThroughputIncluded: false;\n  uncertainty:\n    FrontOfLensFilterUncertainty;\n  evidence: readonly EvidenceProvenance[];\n  limitations: readonly string[];\n}\n\nexport interface ComposeFrontOfLensFilterTransmissionInput {\n  /** Filters in light-path order (scene side first). */\n  filters:\n    readonly FrontOfLensFilterProfile[];\n  wavelengthNanometers: number;\n  wavelengthBasis:\n    Exclude<\n      SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n      \"unspecified\"\n    >;\n  /** Incident scene polarization; omitted means unpolarized. */\n  incidentPolarization?: LinearPolarizationState;\n}\n\nexport interface ComposedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission {\n  schemaVersion:\n    FrontOfLensFilterProfileSchemaVersion;\n  wavelengthNanometers: number;\n  wavelengthBasis:\n    Exclude<\n      SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n      \"unspecified\"\n    >;\n  appliedFilterCount: number;\n  components:\n    readonly ResolvedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission[];\n  combinedLinearTransmissionFactor:\n    number;\n  combinedAttenuationStops: number;\n  scientificStatus:\n    FrontOfLensFilterScientificStatus;\n  uncertaintyPropagation:\n    \"not-propagated\";\n  uncertaintyLimitation: string;\n  compositionModel:\n    | \"independent-multiplicative-unpolarized-transmission-no-inter-filter-reflections\"\n    | \"ordered-linear-stokes-mueller-no-inter-filter-reflections\";\n  polarizationModeled: boolean;\n  incidentPolarization: LinearPolarizationState;\n  transmittedPolarization: LinearPolarizationState;\n  wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n    false;\n  lensTransmissionIncluded: false;\n  sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false;\n  fieldThroughputIncluded: false;\n}\n\nfunction requireRecord(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string,\n  allowedKeys: readonly string[] | null\n): UnknownRecord {\n  if (\n    typeof value !== \"object\" ||\n    value === null ||\n    Array.isArray(value)\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path + \" must be an object.\"\n    );\n  }\n  if (allowedKeys !== null) rejectUnknownFields(value, allowedKeys, path);\n  return value as UnknownRecord;\n}\n\nfunction requireNonEmptyString(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): string {\n  if (\n    typeof value !== \"string\" ||\n    value.trim().length === 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path + \" must be a non-empty string.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return value.trim();\n}\n\nfunction requireFinite(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): number {\n  if (\n    typeof value !== \"number\" ||\n    !Number.isFinite(value)\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path + \" must be finite.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction requirePositiveFinite(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): number {\n  const parsed = requireFinite(\n    value,\n    path\n  );\n  if (parsed <= 0) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" must be greater than zero.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return parsed;\n}\n\nfunction requireNonNegativeFinite(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): number {\n  const parsed = requireFinite(\n    value,\n    path\n  );\n  if (parsed < 0) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" must be greater than or equal to zero.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return parsed;\n}\n\nfunction requirePassiveTransmission(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): number {\n  const parsed = requirePositiveFinite(\n    value,\n    path\n  );\n  if (parsed > 1) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" must be less than or equal to one for a passive filter.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return parsed;\n}\n\nfunction parseRange(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): {\n  minimum: number;\n  maximum: number;\n} {\n  const record = requireRecord(\n    value,\n    path, [\"minimum\", \"maximum\"]\n  );\n  const minimum =\n    requirePositiveFinite(\n      record.minimum,\n      path + \".minimum\"\n    );\n  const maximum =\n    requirePositiveFinite(\n      record.maximum,\n      path + \".maximum\"\n    );\n  if (minimum > maximum) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \".minimum must be less than or equal to maximum.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return {\n    minimum,\n    maximum\n  };\n}\n\nfunction parseResolvedBasis(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): Exclude<\n  SpectralWavelengthBasis,\n  \"unspecified\"\n> {\n  const parsed =\n    parseSpectralWavelengthBasis(\n      value,\n      path\n    );\n  if (parsed === \"unspecified\") {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        ' must resolve to \"air\" or \"vacuum\".'\n    );\n  }\n  return parsed;\n}\n\nfunction parseScientificStatus(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): FrontOfLensFilterScientificStatus {\n  if (\n    value !== \"calibrated\" &&\n    value !== \"approximation\"\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path + \" is invalid.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction parseUncertainty(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): FrontOfLensFilterUncertainty {\n  const record = requireRecord(\n    value,\n    path, null\n  );\n  rejectUnknownVariantFields(record, \"kind\", UNCERTAINTY_VARIANT_FIELDS, path);\n\n  if (record.kind === \"relative\") {\n    const fraction =\n      requireNonNegativeFinite(\n        record.fraction,\n        path + \".fraction\"\n      );\n    if (fraction > 1) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n        path +\n          \".fraction must be less than or equal to one.\"\n      );\n    }\n    return {\n      kind: \"relative\",\n      fraction,\n      basis:\n        requireNonEmptyString(\n          record.basis,\n          path + \".basis\"\n        )\n    };\n  }\n\n  if (\n    record.kind ===\n    \"not-quantified\"\n  ) {\n    return {\n      kind: \"not-quantified\",\n      limitation:\n        requireNonEmptyString(\n          record.limitation,\n          path + \".limitation\"\n        )\n    };\n  }\n\n  throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n    path + \".kind is invalid.\"\n  );\n}\n\nfunction parseLimitations(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): readonly string[] {\n  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path + \" must be an array.\"\n    );\n  }\n  const parsed = value.map(\n    (entry, index) =>\n      requireNonEmptyString(\n        entry,\n        path +\n          \"[\" +\n          index +\n          \"]\"\n      )\n  );\n  if (\n    new Set(parsed).size !==\n    parsed.length\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" must not contain duplicates.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return parsed;\n}\n\nfunction parseReusableNumericEvidence(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): readonly EvidenceProvenance[] {\n  const evidence =\n    parseEvidenceList(\n      value,\n      path\n    );\n  if (\n    evidence.some(\n      (entry) =>\n        entry.reuseStatus ===\n        \"factual-reference-only\"\n    )\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" for embedded numeric filter data must be reusable-data or photivra-owned.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return evidence;\n}\n\nfunction parseSpectralSamples(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string\n): readonly FrontOfLensFilterSpectralSample[] {\n  if (\n    !Array.isArray(value) ||\n    value.length < 2\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      path +\n        \" must contain at least two samples.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  let previous =\n    Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;\n  return value.map(\n    (entry, index) => {\n      const samplePath =\n        path +\n        \"[\" +\n        index +\n        \"]\";\n      const record =\n        requireRecord(\n          entry,\n          samplePath, [\"wavelengthNanometers\", \"linearTransmissionFactor\"]\n        );\n      const wavelengthNanometers =\n        requirePositiveFinite(\n          record.wavelengthNanometers,\n          samplePath +\n            \".wavelengthNanometers\"\n        );\n      if (\n        wavelengthNanometers <=\n        previous\n      ) {\n        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n          path +\n            \" wavelengths must be strictly increasing.\"\n        );\n      }\n      previous =\n        wavelengthNanometers;\n      return {\n        wavelengthNanometers,\n        linearTransmissionFactor:\n          requirePassiveTransmission(\n            record.linearTransmissionFactor,\n            samplePath +\n              \".linearTransmissionFactor\"\n          )\n      };\n    }\n  );\n}\n\nfunction parseTransmission(\n  value: unknown,\n  path: string,\n  polarizerAllowed: boolean\n): FrontOfLensFilterTransmissionModel {\n  const record = requireRecord(\n    value,\n    path, null\n  );\n  rejectUnknownVariantFields(record, \"kind\", {\n    \"neutral-linear-transmission\": [\"kind\", \"linearTransmissionFactor\"],\n    \"neutral-optical-density\": [\"kind\", \"opticalDensityBase10\"],\n    \"spectral-transmission\": [\"kind\", \"samples\"],\n    \"linear-polarizer\": [\"kind\", \"principalTransmittance\", \"extinctionRatio\", \"transmissionAxisDegrees\"]\n  }, path);\n\n  if (record.kind === \"linear-polarizer\") {\n    if (!polarizerAllowed) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n        path + '.kind \"linear-polarizer\" requires schemaVersion \"' +\n          FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION + '\".'\n      );\n    }\n    const principal = requireRecord(\n      record.principalTransmittance,\n      path + \".principalTransmittance\", [\"value\", \"evidence\"]\n    );\n    const extinction = requireRecord(\n      record.extinctionRatio,\n      path + \".extinctionRatio\", [\"value\", \"evidence\"]\n    );\n    const ratio = requireFinite(\n      extinction.value,\n      path + \".extinctionRatio.value\"\n    );\n    if (ratio < 1) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n        path + \".extinctionRatio.value must be at least one.\"\n      );\n    }\n    return {\n      kind: \"linear-polarizer\",\n      principalTransmittance: {\n        value: requirePassiveTransmission(\n          principal.value,\n          path + \".principalTransmittance.value\"\n        ),\n        evidence: parseEvidenceList(\n          principal.evidence,\n          path + \".principalTransmittance.evidence\"\n        )\n      },\n      extinctionRatio: {\n        value: ratio,\n        evidence: parseEvidenceList(\n          extinction.evidence,\n          path + \".extinctionRatio.evidence\"\n        )\n      },\n      transmissionAxisDegrees: requireFinite(\n        record.transmissionAxisDegrees,\n        path + \".transmissionAxisDegrees\"\n      )\n    };\n  }\n\n  if (\n    record.kind ===\n    \"neutral-linear-transmission\"\n  ) {\n    const fact = requireRecord(\n      record.linearTransmissionFactor,\n      path +\n        \".linearTransmissionFactor\", [\"value\", \"evidence\"]\n    );\n    return {\n      kind:\n        \"neutral-linear-transmission\",\n      linearTransmissionFactor: {\n        value:\n          requirePassiveTransmission(\n            fact.value,\n            path +\n              \".linearTransmissionFactor.value\"\n          ),\n        evidence:\n          parseEvidenceList(\n            fact.evidence,\n            path +\n              \".linearTransmissionFactor.evidence\"\n          )\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  if (\n    record.kind ===\n    \"neutral-optical-density\"\n  ) {\n    const fact = requireRecord(\n      record.opticalDensityBase10,\n      path +\n        \".opticalDensityBase10\", [\"value\", \"evidence\"]\n    );\n    return {\n      kind:\n        \"neutral-optical-density\",\n      opticalDensityBase10: {\n        value:\n          requireNonNegativeFinite(\n            fact.value,\n            path +\n              \".opticalDensityBase10.value\"\n          ),\n        evidence:\n          parseEvidenceList(\n            fact.evidence,\n            path +\n              \".opticalDensityBase10.evidence\"\n          )\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  if (\n    record.kind ===\n    \"spectral-transmission\"\n  ) {\n    const fact = requireRecord(\n      record.samples,\n      path + \".samples\", [\"value\", \"evidence\"]\n    );\n    return {\n      kind:\n        \"spectral-transmission\",\n      samples: {\n        value:\n          parseSpectralSamples(\n            fact.value,\n            path +\n              \".samples.value\"\n          ),\n        evidence:\n          parseReusableNumericEvidence(\n            fact.evidence,\n            path +\n              \".samples.evidence\"\n          )\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n    path + \".kind is invalid.\"\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Parses one generic front-of-lens transmission filter.\n *\n * Schema 0.1.0 is explicitly unbranded and unpolarized. It models only\n * passive transmission in front of the lens. It does not cover reflections\n * between stacked filters, polarization, flare or ghosting, or filters that\n * change wavelength.\n */\nexport function parseFrontOfLensFilterProfile(\n  value: unknown\n): FrontOfLensFilterProfile {\n  const record = requireRecord(\n    value,\n    \"frontOfLensFilterProfile\", [\"schemaVersion\", \"identityScope\", \"position\", \"wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled\", \"polarizationModeled\", \"scientificStatus\", \"uncertainty\", \"wavelengthRangeNanometers\", \"transmission\", \"filterId\", \"profileVersion\", \"wavelengthBasis\", \"evidence\", \"limitations\"]\n  );\n\n  if (\n    record.schemaVersion !==\n      FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION &&\n    record.schemaVersion !==\n      FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      'frontOfLensFilterProfile.schemaVersion must be \"' +\n        FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION +\n        '\" or \"' +\n        FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION +\n        '\".'\n    );\n  }\n  const schemaVersion =\n    record.schemaVersion as FrontOfLensFilterProfileSchemaVersion;\n  if (\n    record.identityScope !==\n    \"photivra-generic-unbranded\"\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      'frontOfLensFilterProfile.identityScope must be \"photivra-generic-unbranded\".'\n    );\n  }\n  if (\n    record.position !==\n    \"front-of-lens\"\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      'frontOfLensFilterProfile.position must be \"front-of-lens\".'\n    );\n  }\n  if (\n    record.wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled !==\n      false ||\n    (schemaVersion ===\n      FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION &&\n      record.polarizationModeled !== false)\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile must explicitly keep polarization and wavelength-changing behavior unmodeled in schema 0.1.0.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const status =\n    parseScientificStatus(\n      record.scientificStatus,\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.scientificStatus\"\n    );\n  const uncertainty =\n    parseUncertainty(\n      record.uncertainty,\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.uncertainty\"\n    );\n\n  if (\n    status === \"calibrated\" &&\n    uncertainty.kind !==\n      \"relative\"\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"A calibrated filter profile requires quantified relative uncertainty.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const range =\n    parseRange(\n      record.wavelengthRangeNanometers,\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.wavelengthRangeNanometers\"\n    );\n  const transmission =\n    parseTransmission(\n      record.transmission,\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.transmission\",\n      schemaVersion ===\n        FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION\n    );\n  const polarizationModeled =\n    transmission.kind === \"linear-polarizer\";\n  if (record.polarizationModeled !== polarizationModeled) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.polarizationModeled must be true exactly for a linear-polarizer transmission.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (\n    transmission.kind ===\n    \"spectral-transmission\"\n  ) {\n    const samples =\n      transmission.samples.value;\n    if (\n      samples[0]!\n        .wavelengthNanometers >\n        range.minimum ||\n      samples[\n        samples.length - 1\n      ]!.wavelengthNanometers <\n        range.maximum\n    ) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n        \"Spectral filter samples must cover the declared wavelength range.\"\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  return {\n    schemaVersion,\n    filterId:\n      requireNonEmptyString(\n        record.filterId,\n        \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.filterId\"\n      ),\n    profileVersion:\n      requireNonEmptyString(\n        record.profileVersion,\n        \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.profileVersion\"\n      ),\n    identityScope:\n      \"photivra-generic-unbranded\",\n    position:\n      \"front-of-lens\",\n    scientificStatus:\n      status,\n    wavelengthBasis:\n      parseResolvedBasis(\n        record.wavelengthBasis,\n        \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.wavelengthBasis\"\n      ),\n    wavelengthRangeNanometers:\n      range,\n    transmission,\n    uncertainty,\n    polarizationModeled,\n    wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n      false,\n    evidence:\n      parseEvidenceList(\n        record.evidence,\n        \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.evidence\"\n      ),\n    limitations:\n      parseLimitations(\n        record.limitations,\n        \"frontOfLensFilterProfile.limitations\"\n      )\n  };\n}\n\nfunction interpolateSpectralTransmission(\n  samples:\n    readonly FrontOfLensFilterSpectralSample[],\n  wavelengthNanometers: number\n): number {\n  const first =\n    samples[0]!;\n  const last =\n    samples[\n      samples.length - 1\n    ]!;\n\n  if (\n    wavelengthNanometers ===\n    first.wavelengthNanometers\n  ) {\n    return first\n      .linearTransmissionFactor;\n  }\n\n  for (\n    let index = 1;\n    index < samples.length;\n    index += 1\n  ) {\n    const right =\n      samples[index]!;\n    if (\n      wavelengthNanometers <=\n      right.wavelengthNanometers\n    ) {\n      const left =\n        samples[\n          index - 1\n        ]!;\n      if (\n        wavelengthNanometers ===\n        right.wavelengthNanometers\n      ) {\n        return right\n          .linearTransmissionFactor;\n      }\n      const phase =\n        (wavelengthNanometers -\n          left.wavelengthNanometers) /\n        (right.wavelengthNanometers -\n          left.wavelengthNanometers);\n      return (\n        left\n          .linearTransmissionFactor +\n        phase *\n          (right\n              .linearTransmissionFactor -\n            left\n              .linearTransmissionFactor)\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  return last\n    .linearTransmissionFactor;\n}\n\nfunction scientificWavelength(\n  value: number\n): number {\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(value) ||\n    value <= 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"wavelengthNanometers must be finite and greater than zero.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction transmissionEvidence(\n  transmission:\n    FrontOfLensFilterTransmissionModel\n): readonly EvidenceProvenance[] {\n  if (\n    transmission.kind ===\n    \"neutral-linear-transmission\"\n  ) {\n    return transmission\n      .linearTransmissionFactor\n      .evidence;\n  }\n  if (\n    transmission.kind ===\n    \"neutral-optical-density\"\n  ) {\n    return transmission\n      .opticalDensityBase10\n      .evidence;\n  }\n  if (transmission.kind === \"linear-polarizer\") {\n    return [\n      ...transmission.principalTransmittance.evidence,\n      ...transmission.extinctionRatio.evidence\n    ];\n  }\n  return transmission\n    .samples.evidence;\n}\n\n/** Linear Stokes vector (S0, S1, S2); circular S3 is not modeled. */\ninterface LinearStokes {\n  s0: number;\n  s1: number;\n  s2: number;\n}\n\nconst UNPOLARIZED: LinearPolarizationState = Object.freeze({\n  degreeOfLinearPolarization: 0,\n  angleDegrees: 0\n});\n\nfunction parsePolarizationState(\n  value: LinearPolarizationState | undefined,\n  path: string\n): LinearPolarizationState {\n  if (value === undefined) {\n    return { ...UNPOLARIZED };\n  }\n  if (typeof value !== \"object\" || value === null) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + \" must be an object.\");\n  }\n  const degree = value.degreeOfLinearPolarization;\n  const angle = value.angleDegrees;\n  if (\n    typeof degree !== \"number\" ||\n    !Number.isFinite(degree) ||\n    degree < 0 ||\n    degree > 1\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      path + \".degreeOfLinearPolarization must lie in [0, 1].\"\n    );\n  }\n  if (typeof angle !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(angle)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      path + \".angleDegrees must be finite.\"\n    );\n  }\n  return { degreeOfLinearPolarization: degree, angleDegrees: angle };\n}\n\nfunction stokesFromState(state: LinearPolarizationState): LinearStokes {\n  const twice = (2 * state.angleDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  return {\n    s0: 1,\n    s1: state.degreeOfLinearPolarization * Math.cos(twice),\n    s2: state.degreeOfLinearPolarization * Math.sin(twice)\n  };\n}\n\nfunction stateFromStokes(stokes: LinearStokes): LinearPolarizationState {\n  const polarized = Math.hypot(stokes.s1, stokes.s2);\n  const degree = Math.min(1, polarized / stokes.s0);\n  if (degree === 0) {\n    return { ...UNPOLARIZED };\n  }\n  let angle = (Math.atan2(stokes.s2, stokes.s1) * 90) / Math.PI;\n  if (angle < 0) angle += 180;\n  return { degreeOfLinearPolarization: degree, angleDegrees: angle };\n}\n\n/**\n * Mueller matrix of a linear diattenuator (principal intensity transmittances k1 along the axis\n * and k2 across it, axis at theta) applied to a linear Stokes vector.\n */\nfunction applyLinearPolarizer(\n  stokes: LinearStokes,\n  k1: number,\n  k2: number,\n  axisDegrees: number\n): LinearStokes {\n  const twice = (2 * axisDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  const c = Math.cos(twice);\n  const sn = Math.sin(twice);\n  const sum = (k1 + k2) / 2;\n  const difference = (k1 - k2) / 2;\n  const geometric = Math.sqrt(k1 * k2);\n  return {\n    s0: sum * stokes.s0 + difference * (c * stokes.s1 + sn * stokes.s2),\n    s1:\n      difference * c * stokes.s0 +\n      (sum * c * c + geometric * sn * sn) * stokes.s1 +\n      (sum - geometric) * c * sn * stokes.s2,\n    s2:\n      difference * sn * stokes.s0 +\n      (sum - geometric) * c * sn * stokes.s1 +\n      (sum * sn * sn + geometric * c * c) * stokes.s2\n  };\n}\n\ninterface ResolvedComponent {\n  resolved: ResolvedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission;\n  outgoing: LinearStokes;\n}\n\nfunction resolveComponent(\n  input: ResolveFrontOfLensFilterTransmissionInput,\n  incoming: LinearStokes\n): ResolvedComponent {\n  const profile =\n    parseFrontOfLensFilterProfile(\n      input.profile\n    );\n  const wavelength =\n    scientificWavelength(\n      input.wavelengthNanometers\n    );\n\n  if (\n    input.wavelengthBasis !==\n    profile.wavelengthBasis\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Filter and requested wavelength bases must match; implicit air/vacuum conversion is not performed.\"\n    );\n  }\n  if (\n    wavelength <\n      profile\n        .wavelengthRangeNanometers\n        .minimum ||\n    wavelength >\n      profile\n        .wavelengthRangeNanometers\n        .maximum\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Requested wavelength lies outside the filter applicability range.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  let factor: number;\n  let outgoing: LinearStokes;\n  const transmission =\n    profile.transmission;\n\n  if (\n    transmission.kind ===\n    \"linear-polarizer\"\n  ) {\n    const k1 = transmission.principalTransmittance.value;\n    const k2 = k1 / transmission.extinctionRatio.value;\n    outgoing = applyLinearPolarizer(\n      incoming,\n      k1,\n      k2,\n      transmission.transmissionAxisDegrees\n    );\n    factor = outgoing.s0 / incoming.s0;\n  } else {\n    if (\n      transmission.kind ===\n      \"neutral-linear-transmission\"\n    ) {\n      factor =\n        transmission\n          .linearTransmissionFactor\n          .value;\n    } else if (\n      transmission.kind ===\n      \"neutral-optical-density\"\n    ) {\n      factor =\n        Math.pow(\n          10,\n          -transmission\n            .opticalDensityBase10\n            .value\n        );\n    } else {\n      factor =\n        interpolateSpectralTransmission(\n          transmission.samples.value,\n          wavelength\n        );\n    }\n    outgoing = {\n      s0: incoming.s0 * factor,\n      s1: incoming.s1 * factor,\n      s2: incoming.s2 * factor\n    };\n  }\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(factor) ||\n    factor <= 0 ||\n    factor > 1\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Resolved passive filter transmission must remain finite and in (0, 1].\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const attenuationStops =\n    -Math.log2(factor);\n  const opticalDensityBase10 =\n    -Math.log10(factor);\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(\n      attenuationStops\n    ) ||\n    !Number.isFinite(\n      opticalDensityBase10\n    )\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Resolved filter attenuation diagnostics must remain finite.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const polarizer = transmission.kind === \"linear-polarizer\";\n  return {\n    outgoing,\n    resolved: {\n      schemaVersion:\n        profile.schemaVersion,\n      filterId:\n        profile.filterId,\n      profileVersion:\n        profile.profileVersion,\n      identityScope:\n        \"photivra-generic-unbranded\",\n      position:\n        \"front-of-lens\",\n      scientificStatus:\n        profile.scientificStatus,\n      wavelengthNanometers:\n        wavelength,\n      wavelengthBasis:\n        input.wavelengthBasis,\n      transmissionKind:\n        transmission.kind,\n      linearTransmissionFactor:\n        factor,\n      attenuationStops,\n      opticalDensityBase10,\n      polarizationModeled:\n        polarizer,\n      incidentPolarization:\n        stateFromStokes(incoming),\n      transmittedPolarization:\n        stateFromStokes(outgoing),\n      wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n        false,\n      lensTransmissionIncluded:\n        false,\n      sensorOpticalStackIncluded:\n        false,\n      fieldThroughputIncluded:\n        false,\n      uncertainty:\n        profile.uncertainty,\n      evidence: [\n        ...profile.evidence,\n        ...transmissionEvidence(\n          transmission\n        )\n      ],\n      limitations: [\n        ...profile.limitations,\n        \"Front-of-lens transmission is independent of lens aperture geometry, focus/DOF, diffraction and sensor optical-stack response.\",\n        polarizer\n          ? \"Linear diattenuator on linear Stokes parameters; circular polarization, retardance, angle-of-incidence dependence and inter-filter reflections/flare/ghosting are not modeled.\"\n          : \"Polarization and inter-filter reflections/flare/ghosting are not modeled.\"\n      ]\n    }\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves one passive filter at one wavelength. Non-polarizing filters scale all Stokes\n * components equally, so their transmission does not depend on the incident polarization.\n */\nexport function resolveFrontOfLensFilterTransmission(\n  input:\n    ResolveFrontOfLensFilterTransmissionInput\n): ResolvedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"resolveFrontOfLensFilterTransmission\", [\"profile\", \"wavelengthNanometers\", \"wavelengthBasis\", \"incidentPolarization\"]);\n  return resolveComponent(\n    input,\n    stokesFromState(\n      parsePolarizationState(\n        input.incidentPolarization,\n        \"incidentPolarization\"\n      )\n    )\n  ).resolved;\n}\n\n/**\n * Combines several passive front-of-lens filters at one wavelength, in light-path order, and keeps\n * each filter's identity. Without a polarizer the result is the product of the transmissions. With\n * one, linear Stokes parameters pass through the Mueller matrices in order.\n */\nexport function composeFrontOfLensFilterTransmission(\n  input:\n    ComposeFrontOfLensFilterTransmissionInput\n): ComposedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"composeFrontOfLensFilterTransmission\", [\"filters\", \"wavelengthNanometers\", \"wavelengthBasis\", \"incidentPolarization\"]);\n  if (\n    !Array.isArray(\n      input.filters\n    ) ||\n    input.filters.length === 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"filters must be a non-empty array.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const incidentPolarization = parsePolarizationState(\n    input.incidentPolarization,\n    \"incidentPolarization\"\n  );\n  const incident = stokesFromState(incidentPolarization);\n  let stokes = incident;\n  const components: ResolvedFrontOfLensFilterTransmission[] = [];\n  for (const profile of input.filters) {\n    const component = resolveComponent(\n      {\n        profile,\n        wavelengthNanometers:\n          input.wavelengthNanometers,\n        wavelengthBasis:\n          input.wavelengthBasis\n      },\n      stokes\n    );\n    components.push(component.resolved);\n    stokes = component.outgoing;\n  }\n\n  const combined = stokes.s0 / incident.s0;\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(combined) ||\n    combined <= 0 ||\n    combined > 1\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Combined passive filter transmission must remain finite and in (0, 1].\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const stops =\n    -Math.log2(combined);\n  if (!Number.isFinite(stops)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Combined filter attenuation must remain finite.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const polarizationModeled = components.some(\n    (component) => component.polarizationModeled\n  );\n  return {\n    schemaVersion: polarizationModeled\n      ? FRONT_OF_LENS_POLARIZER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION\n      : FRONT_OF_LENS_FILTER_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION,\n    wavelengthNanometers:\n      scientificWavelength(\n        input.wavelengthNanometers\n      ),\n    wavelengthBasis:\n      input.wavelengthBasis,\n    appliedFilterCount:\n      components.length,\n    components,\n    combinedLinearTransmissionFactor:\n      combined,\n    combinedAttenuationStops:\n      stops,\n    scientificStatus:\n      components.some(\n        (component) =>\n          component\n            .scientificStatus ===\n          \"approximation\"\n      )\n        ? \"approximation\"\n        : \"calibrated\",\n    uncertaintyPropagation:\n      \"not-propagated\",\n    uncertaintyLimitation:\n      \"Component filter uncertainties are preserved individually; aggregate numeric uncertainty is not propagated because independence/correlation is not assumed.\",\n    compositionModel: polarizationModeled\n      ? \"ordered-linear-stokes-mueller-no-inter-filter-reflections\"\n      : \"independent-multiplicative-unpolarized-transmission-no-inter-filter-reflections\",\n    polarizationModeled,\n    incidentPolarization,\n    transmittedPolarization:\n      stateFromStokes(stokes),\n    wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled:\n      false,\n    lensTransmissionIncluded:\n      false,\n    sensorOpticalStackIncluded:\n      false,\n    fieldThroughputIncluded:\n      false\n  };\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/illumination-vignetting.d.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /**
- * Module boundary and integration notes.
- * Calculates generic field-dependent illumination falloff as a multiplicative linear-light throughput
- * factor. The profile is accepted only when its relative throughput remains strictly positive and
- * never exceeds the optical-axis normalization of 1 throughout the complete declared operating
- * envelope.
- * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for equations, coordinate/unit conventions, blockers and support
- * limits.
+ * Generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting), as a factor that multiplies linear
+ * light.
+ *
+ * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly positive and never exceeds 1
+ * (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in its declared range.
+ * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers
+ * and support limits.
  */
 import { type CalculationResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import type { LensFieldPointMm } from "./radial-distortion.js";
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ export interface CalculateIlluminationVignettingInput {
     /**
      * Ideal image-plane field position relative to the optical axis, in mm.
      *
-     * This slice evaluates throughput from the declared ideal field coordinate;
-     * it does not apply or invert geometric distortion.
+     * Throughput is evaluated at this ideal field coordinate. Geometric
+     * distortion is neither applied nor inverted.
      */
     imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;
     profile: IlluminationVignettingProfile;
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ export interface IlluminationVignetting {
     imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;
     normalizedRadius: number;
     /**
-     * Multiplicative factor for scene-linear/channel-linear signal.
+     * Factor that multiplies scene-linear or channel-linear signal.
      *
-     * 1 means no attenuation; values are required to remain in (0, 1].
+     * 1 means no attenuation. Values must stay in (0, 1].
      */
     linearThroughputFactor: number;
     /** Positive exposure loss relative to the optical axis, in stops. */
@@ -57,12 +57,11 @@ export interface IlluminationVignetting {
     profileMaximumThroughputFactor: number;
 }
 /**
- * Calculates generic field-dependent illumination falloff as a multiplicative
- * linear-light throughput factor.
+ * Calculates generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting) as a
+ * factor that multiplies linear light.
  *
- * The profile is accepted only when its relative throughput remains strictly
- * positive and never exceeds the optical-axis normalization of 1 throughout
- * the complete declared operating envelope.
+ * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly
+ * positive and never exceeds 1 (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in
+ * its declared range.
  */
 export declare function calculateIlluminationVignetting(input: CalculateIlluminationVignettingInput): CalculationResult<IlluminationVignetting>;
-//# sourceMappingURL=illumination-vignetting.d.ts.map

package/dist/optics/illumination-vignetting.js

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 /**
- * Module boundary and integration notes.
- * Calculates generic field-dependent illumination falloff as a multiplicative linear-light throughput
- * factor. The profile is accepted only when its relative throughput remains strictly positive and
- * never exceeds the optical-axis normalization of 1 throughout the complete declared operating
- * envelope.
- * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for equations, coordinate/unit conventions, blockers and support
- * limits.
+ * Generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting), as a factor that multiplies linear
+ * light.
+ *
+ * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly positive and never exceeds 1
+ * (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in its declared range.
+ * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers
+ * and support limits.
  */
 import { approximationResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import { InvalidScientificInputError, requirePositiveFinite } from "../core/validation.js";
+import { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys } from "../core/record-validation.js";
 function requireFinite(name, value) {
     if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
         throw new InvalidScientificInputError(`${name} must be finite.`);
@@ -24,22 +25,42 @@ function throughputFromSquaredRadius(squaredRadius, coefficients) {
             squaredRadius *
             squaredRadius);
 }
+/**
+ * Real roots of dT/ds, where s = rho². Every interior maximum or minimum of the throughput lies at
+ * one of these roots. The validator checks them along with both ends of the range. So a profile
+ * that dips below zero, or rises above one, mid-field is rejected even when both ends are valid.
+ *
+ * The quadratic is scaled before solving and uses the numerically stable q-form roots. This stops a
+ * tiny cubic term from erasing the smaller root through cancellation. The radial-distortion
+ * validator uses the same scheme.
+ */
 function throughputCriticalSquaredRadii(coefficients) {
-    // For s = rho²:
     // T(s) = 1 + r2*s + r4*s² + r6*s³
     // dT/ds = r2 + 2*r4*s + 3*r6*s²
     const a = 3 * coefficients.r6;
     const b = 2 * coefficients.r4;
     const c = coefficients.r2;
-    if (a === 0) {
-        return b === 0 ? [] : [-c / b];
+    const coefficientScale = Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b), Math.abs(c));
+    if (coefficientScale === 0) {
+        return [];
+    }
+    const scaledA = a / coefficientScale;
+    const scaledB = b / coefficientScale;
+    const scaledC = c / coefficientScale;
+    if (scaledA === 0) {
+        return scaledB === 0 ? [] : [-scaledC / scaledB];
     }
-    const discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
+    const discriminant = scaledB * scaledB - 4 * scaledA * scaledC;
     if (discriminant < 0) {
         return [];
     }
     const root = Math.sqrt(discriminant);
-    return [(-b - root) / (2 * a), (-b + root) / (2 * a)];
+    const q = -0.5 * (scaledB + (scaledB >= 0 ? root : -root));
+    if (q === 0) {
+        // Only when b = c = 0: the double root is s = 0.
+        return [0];
+    }
+    return [q / scaledA, scaledC / q];
 }
 function validateProfile(profile) {
     requirePositiveFinite("profile.normalizationRadiusMm", profile.normalizationRadiusMm);
@@ -83,14 +104,16 @@ function assumptions() {
     ];
 }
 /**
- * Calculates generic field-dependent illumination falloff as a multiplicative
- * linear-light throughput factor.
+ * Calculates generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting) as a
+ * factor that multiplies linear light.
  *
- * The profile is accepted only when its relative throughput remains strictly
- * positive and never exceeds the optical-axis normalization of 1 throughout
- * the complete declared operating envelope.
+ * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly
+ * positive and never exceeds 1 (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in
+ * its declared range.
  */
 export function calculateIlluminationVignetting(input) {
+    requireInputKeys(input, "calculateIlluminationVignetting", ["imagePointMm", "profile"]);
+    requireInputObject(input.imagePointMm, "imagePointMm");
     requireFinite("imagePointMm.x", input.imagePointMm.x);
     requireFinite("imagePointMm.y", input.imagePointMm.y);
     const profile = validateProfile(input.profile);

package/dist/optics/illumination-vignetting.js.map

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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting), as a factor that multiplies linear\n * light.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly positive and never exceeds 1\n * (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in its declared range.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport {\n  approximationResult,\n  type CalculationResult\n} from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport {\n  InvalidScientificInputError,\n  requirePositiveFinite\n} from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport type { LensFieldPointMm } from \"./radial-distortion.js\";\nimport { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\n\nexport interface IlluminationVignettingCoefficients {\n  /** Coefficient on normalized radius squared. */\n  r2: number;\n  /** Coefficient on normalized radius to the fourth power. */\n  r4: number;\n  /** Coefficient on normalized radius to the sixth power. */\n  r6: number;\n}\n\nexport interface IlluminationVignettingProfile {\n  /** Physical image-plane radius used to normalize field position, in mm. */\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  /** Maximum normalized image-plane radius over which the profile is valid. */\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  /**\n   * Generic radial relative-illumination coefficients.\n   *\n   * Relative linear throughput is:\n   *   1 + r2 * rho^2 + r4 * rho^4 + r6 * rho^6\n   *\n   * where rho is physical image-plane radius / normalizationRadiusMm.\n   */\n  coefficients: IlluminationVignettingCoefficients;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateIlluminationVignettingInput {\n  /**\n   * Ideal image-plane field position relative to the optical axis, in mm.\n   *\n   * Throughput is evaluated at this ideal field coordinate. Geometric\n   * distortion is neither applied nor inverted.\n   */\n  imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  profile: IlluminationVignettingProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface IlluminationVignetting {\n  imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  normalizedRadius: number;\n  /**\n   * Factor that multiplies scene-linear or channel-linear signal.\n   *\n   * 1 means no attenuation. Values must stay in (0, 1].\n   */\n  linearThroughputFactor: number;\n  /** Positive exposure loss relative to the optical axis, in stops. */\n  attenuationStops: number;\n  profileMinimumThroughputFactor: number;\n  profileMaximumThroughputFactor: number;\n}\n\ninterface ValidatedIlluminationProfile {\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  coefficients: IlluminationVignettingCoefficients;\n  minimumThroughputFactor: number;\n  maximumThroughputFactor: number;\n}\n\nfunction requireFinite(name: string, value: number): void {\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(`${name} must be finite.`);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction throughputFromSquaredRadius(\n  squaredRadius: number,\n  coefficients: IlluminationVignettingCoefficients\n): number {\n  return (\n    1 +\n    coefficients.r2 * squaredRadius +\n    coefficients.r4 * squaredRadius * squaredRadius +\n    coefficients.r6 *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Real roots of dT/ds, where s = rho². Every interior maximum or minimum of the throughput lies at\n * one of these roots. The validator checks them along with both ends of the range. So a profile\n * that dips below zero, or rises above one, mid-field is rejected even when both ends are valid.\n *\n * The quadratic is scaled before solving and uses the numerically stable q-form roots. This stops a\n * tiny cubic term from erasing the smaller root through cancellation. The radial-distortion\n * validator uses the same scheme.\n */\nfunction throughputCriticalSquaredRadii(\n  coefficients: IlluminationVignettingCoefficients\n): number[] {\n  // T(s) = 1 + r2*s + r4*s² + r6*s³\n  // dT/ds = r2 + 2*r4*s + 3*r6*s²\n  const a = 3 * coefficients.r6;\n  const b = 2 * coefficients.r4;\n  const c = coefficients.r2;\n  const coefficientScale = Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b), Math.abs(c));\n  if (coefficientScale === 0) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  const scaledA = a / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledB = b / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledC = c / coefficientScale;\n\n  if (scaledA === 0) {\n    return scaledB === 0 ? [] : [-scaledC / scaledB];\n  }\n\n  const discriminant = scaledB * scaledB - 4 * scaledA * scaledC;\n  if (discriminant < 0) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  const root = Math.sqrt(discriminant);\n  const q = -0.5 * (scaledB + (scaledB >= 0 ? root : -root));\n  if (q === 0) {\n    // Only when b = c = 0: the double root is s = 0.\n    return [0];\n  }\n  return [q / scaledA, scaledC / q];\n}\n\nfunction validateProfile(\n  profile: IlluminationVignettingProfile\n): ValidatedIlluminationProfile {\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.normalizationRadiusMm\",\n    profile.normalizationRadiusMm\n  );\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\",\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\n  );\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.r2\", profile.coefficients.r2);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.r4\", profile.coefficients.r4);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.r6\", profile.coefficients.r6);\n\n  const maximumSquaredRadius =\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius * profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n  const candidates = [\n    0,\n    maximumSquaredRadius,\n    ...throughputCriticalSquaredRadii(profile.coefficients).filter(\n      (value) => value > 0 && value < maximumSquaredRadius\n    )\n  ];\n  const throughputs = candidates.map((squaredRadius) =>\n    throughputFromSquaredRadius(squaredRadius, profile.coefficients)\n  );\n  const minimumThroughputFactor = Math.min(...throughputs);\n  const maximumThroughputFactor = Math.max(...throughputs);\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(minimumThroughputFactor) ||\n    minimumThroughputFactor <= 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Illumination vignetting profile must keep relative linear throughput strictly greater than zero over maximumNormalizedRadius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(maximumThroughputFactor) ||\n    maximumThroughputFactor > 1\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Illumination vignetting profile must not amplify relative linear throughput above the optical-axis value of 1.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  return {\n    normalizationRadiusMm: profile.normalizationRadiusMm,\n    maximumNormalizedRadius: profile.maximumNormalizedRadius,\n    coefficients: { ...profile.coefficients },\n    minimumThroughputFactor,\n    maximumThroughputFactor\n  };\n}\n\nfunction assumptions(): readonly string[] {\n  return [\n    \"Generic rotationally symmetric illumination-vignetting approximation evaluated from ideal image-plane field radius\",\n    \"Relative linear throughput is normalized to 1 on the optical axis\",\n    \"The model attenuates scene-linear/channel-linear signal only and must be applied before display/gamma encoding\",\n    \"The model changes throughput only; it does not alter field coordinates, pupil shape, PSF shape, bokeh, or focus\",\n    \"Mechanical/pupil vignetting and cat's-eye bokeh are separate pupil/PSF effects\",\n    \"The profile is a generic caller-supplied radial approximation, not calibrated radiometry or a named-lens measurement\"\n  ];\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates generic illumination falloff across the image (vignetting) as a\n * factor that multiplies linear light.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if its relative throughput stays strictly\n * positive and never exceeds 1 (the value on the optical axis) anywhere in\n * its declared range.\n */\nexport function calculateIlluminationVignetting(\n  input: CalculateIlluminationVignettingInput\n): CalculationResult<IlluminationVignetting> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateIlluminationVignetting\", [\"imagePointMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  requireInputObject(input.imagePointMm, \"imagePointMm\");\n  requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.x\", input.imagePointMm.x);\n  requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.y\", input.imagePointMm.y);\n\n  const profile = validateProfile(input.profile);\n  const radiusMm = Math.hypot(input.imagePointMm.x, input.imagePointMm.y);\n  const normalizedRadius = radiusMm / profile.normalizationRadiusMm;\n\n  if (normalizedRadius > profile.maximumNormalizedRadius) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"imagePointMm lies outside the illumination vignetting profile maximumNormalizedRadius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const squaredRadius = normalizedRadius * normalizedRadius;\n  const linearThroughputFactor = throughputFromSquaredRadius(\n    squaredRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n\n  const attenuationStops =\n    linearThroughputFactor === 1\n      ? 0\n      : -Math.log2(linearThroughputFactor);\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      imagePointMm: { ...input.imagePointMm },\n      normalizedRadius,\n      linearThroughputFactor,\n      attenuationStops,\n      profileMinimumThroughputFactor: profile.minimumThroughputFactor,\n      profileMaximumThroughputFactor: profile.maximumThroughputFactor\n    },\n    \"generic-radial-illumination-vignetting\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    assumptions()\n  );\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/irradiance-convolution.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+export declare const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION: "0.1.0";
+export declare const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS: Readonly<{
+    maximumPixels: 24000000;
+    maximumDimension: 16384;
+    maximumKernelRadius: 32;
+    maximumPatchCount: 4096;
+    maximumKernelWeights: 4194304;
+    /** A kernel may lose energy (vignetting, transmission) but may not create it, beyond rounding slack. */
+    maximumKernelSum: number;
+    /** Inputs larger than this are rejected so that float32 execution cannot overflow. */
+    maximumSampleMagnitude: number;
+}>;
+export interface IrradianceConvolutionInput {
+    schemaVersion: typeof IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION;
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+    /** Row-major samples. Finite, non-negative, linear and additive (for example irradiance, or expected photons per site). */
+    samples: Float32Array | Float64Array;
+    /** Kernel half-width in grid sites. Each kernel is (2r+1)×(2r+1). */
+    kernelRadius: number;
+    /** Patch size in grid sites. The last row and column of patches may be partial. */
+    patchWidth: number;
+    patchHeight: number;
+    /**
+     * Finite non-negative weights, `[patchRow][patchColumn][v + r][u + r]`, one kernel per patch in
+     * row-major patch order. Each kernel sums to at most 1 (+2^-20 rounding slack).
+     */
+    kernels: Float32Array | Float64Array;
+    boundary: "zero-outside-grid";
+}
+/** Validated, immutable geometry of a convolution request. Sample arrays are borrowed, not copied. */
+export interface IrradianceConvolutionPlan {
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+    kernelRadius: number;
+    kernelSize: number;
+    tapCount: number;
+    patchWidth: number;
+    patchHeight: number;
+    patchColumns: number;
+    patchRows: number;
+    /** Largest kernel sum and largest input magnitude. The float32 error bound uses them. */
+    maximumKernelSum: number;
+    maximumSampleMagnitude: number;
+}
+/** Validates the request and returns its plan. Every sample and weight is checked once. */
+export declare function calculateIrradianceConvolutionPlan(input: IrradianceConvolutionInput): IrradianceConvolutionPlan;
+/**
+ * Reference gather for output rows `[y0, y1)`, written into `output` at `(y - y0) * width + x`.
+ * The summation order (v outer, u inner, both ascending) is part of the contract shared with the
+ * WGSL (WebGPU shader) kernel.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export declare function convolveIrradianceRows(plan: IrradianceConvolutionPlan, samples: Float32Array | Float64Array, kernels: Float32Array | Float64Array, y0: number, y1: number, output: Float64Array): void;
+/** Synchronous float64 reference for bounded grids. Use the image-kernel accelerator for large grids. */
+export declare function calculateIrradianceConvolution(input: IrradianceConvolutionInput): {
+    plan: IrradianceConvolutionPlan;
+    values: Float64Array;
+};

package/dist/optics/irradiance-convolution.js

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+/**
+ * Blurs a sampled image-plane quantity with caller-supplied PSF (point-spread function) kernels, one
+ * kernel per patch of the image. The quantity must be linear and additive (for example irradiance).
+ * Each patch is treated as shift-invariant ("isoplanatic"): the same PSF applies everywhere inside it.
+ * The PSFs are incoherent intensity PSFs.
+ *
+ * This is the CPU float64 reference for the optics-as-convolution step (#277). The `webgpu-f32`
+ * path runs the same equation; see docs/WEBGPU.md.
+ *
+ * Equation (indexed by source site; an energy-conserving scatter written as a gather):
+ *   out(x, y) = Σ_{v=-r..r} Σ_{u=-r..r} in(x − u, y − v) · K_{p(x − u, y − v)}(u, v)
+ * where `p(s)` is the patch containing the **source** site and `K_p(u, v)` is the fraction of the source
+ * site's quantity that lands at displacement (+u right, +v down), in grid sites.
+ *
+ * Incoherent imaging is a linear sum of intensity PSFs: the output intensity is the input intensity
+ * convolved with the intensity PSF (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71 Optics, Spring 2009, lecture 22, free).
+ * A PSF that varies across the field is approximated as constant inside each patch, as in methods
+ * that divide the image into isoplanatic subsections (van de Ketterij et al., arXiv:2011.01738,
+ * sec. 1, free). Also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 4th ed., 2017, §6.1. Camera
+ * simulators such as ISETCam use the same piecewise shift-invariant method
+ * (Farrell et al., Proc. SPIE 8299, 2012). The caller chooses the patch size and kernels, and so
+ * owns the patch approximation.
+ *
+ * Edges: the grid holds every source. Sources outside the grid are not represented. Anything
+ * scattered outside the grid is lost; compare `inputSum` with `outputSum` to see how much. There is no
+ * padding, reflection or renormalization.
+ */
+import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
+import { requireAllowlistedRecord } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+export const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION = "0.1.0";
+export const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS = Object.freeze({
+    maximumPixels: 24_000_000,
+    maximumDimension: 16_384,
+    maximumKernelRadius: 32,
+    maximumPatchCount: 4_096,
+    maximumKernelWeights: 4_194_304,
+    /** A kernel may lose energy (vignetting, transmission) but may not create it, beyond rounding slack. */
+    maximumKernelSum: 1 + 2 ** -20,
+    /** Inputs larger than this are rejected so that float32 execution cannot overflow. */
+    maximumSampleMagnitude: 2 ** 100
+});
+function positiveInteger(value, maximum) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value <= 0 || value > maximum) {
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Invalid irradiance convolution geometry.");
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+/** Validates the request and returns its plan. Every sample and weight is checked once. */
+export function calculateIrradianceConvolutionPlan(input) {
+    const r = requireAllowlistedRecord(input, ["schemaVersion", "width", "height", "samples", "kernelRadius", "patchWidth",
+        "patchHeight", "kernels", "boundary"], "Invalid irradiance convolution input.");
+    const L = IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS;
+    if (r.schemaVersion !== IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION || r.boundary !== "zero-outside-grid") {
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unsupported irradiance convolution schema or boundary.");
+    }
+    const width = positiveInteger(r.width, L.maximumDimension), height = positiveInteger(r.height, L.maximumDimension);
+    if (width * height > L.maximumPixels)
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Irradiance convolution grid exceeds the pixel limit.");
+    const radius = r.kernelRadius;
+    if (typeof radius !== "number" || !Number.isSafeInteger(radius) || radius < 0 || radius > L.maximumKernelRadius) {
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Invalid irradiance convolution kernel radius.");
+    }
+    const patchWidth = positiveInteger(r.patchWidth, width), patchHeight = positiveInteger(r.patchHeight, height);
+    const patchColumns = Math.ceil(width / patchWidth), patchRows = Math.ceil(height / patchHeight);
+    const kernelSize = 2 * radius + 1, tapCount = kernelSize * kernelSize, patchCount = patchColumns * patchRows;
+    if (patchCount > L.maximumPatchCount || patchCount * tapCount > L.maximumKernelWeights) {
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Irradiance convolution kernels exceed the declared limits.");
+    }
+    const samples = r.samples, kernels = r.kernels;
+    if (!(samples instanceof Float32Array || samples instanceof Float64Array) || samples.length !== width * height ||
+        !(kernels instanceof Float32Array || kernels instanceof Float64Array) || kernels.length !== patchCount * tapCount) {
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Irradiance convolution arrays do not match the declared geometry.");
+    }
+    let maximumSampleMagnitude = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++) {
+        const v = samples[i];
+        // Negated comparison also rejects NaN.
+        if (!(v >= 0 && v <= L.maximumSampleMagnitude)) {
+            throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Irradiance samples must be finite, non-negative and within the declared magnitude.");
+        }
+        if (v > maximumSampleMagnitude)
+            maximumSampleMagnitude = v;
+    }
+    let maximumKernelSum = 0;
+    for (let p = 0; p < patchCount; p++) {
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (let t = p * tapCount, end = t + tapCount; t < end; t++) {
+            const w = kernels[t];
+            if (!(w >= 0 && w <= 1))
+                throw new InvalidConfigurationError("PSF kernel weights must be finite and within [0, 1].");
+            sum += w;
+        }
+        if (sum > L.maximumKernelSum)
+            throw new InvalidConfigurationError("A PSF kernel may not create energy (sum exceeds 1).");
+        if (sum > maximumKernelSum)
+            maximumKernelSum = sum;
+    }
+    return Object.freeze({ width, height, kernelRadius: radius, kernelSize, tapCount, patchWidth, patchHeight, patchColumns, patchRows,
+        maximumKernelSum, maximumSampleMagnitude });
+}
+/**
+ * Reference gather for output rows `[y0, y1)`, written into `output` at `(y - y0) * width + x`.
+ * The summation order (v outer, u inner, both ascending) is part of the contract shared with the
+ * WGSL (WebGPU shader) kernel.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function convolveIrradianceRows(plan, samples, kernels, y0, y1, output) {
+    const { width, height, kernelRadius: r, kernelSize, tapCount, patchWidth, patchHeight, patchColumns, patchRows } = plan;
+    for (let y = y0; y < y1; y++) {
+        for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+            let sum = 0;
+            for (let v = -r; v <= r; v++) {
+                const sy = y - v;
+                if (sy < 0 || sy >= height)
+                    continue;
+                const patchRowBase = Math.min(Math.floor(sy / patchHeight), patchRows - 1) * patchColumns;
+                const kernelRow = (v + r) * kernelSize + r, sampleRow = sy * width;
+                for (let u = -r; u <= r; u++) {
+                    const sx = x - u;
+                    if (sx < 0 || sx >= width)
+                        continue;
+                    const patch = patchRowBase + Math.min(Math.floor(sx / patchWidth), patchColumns - 1);
+                    sum += samples[sampleRow + sx] * kernels[patch * tapCount + kernelRow + u];
+                }
+            }
+            output[(y - y0) * width + x] = sum;
+        }
+    }
+}
+/** Synchronous float64 reference for bounded grids. Use the image-kernel accelerator for large grids. */
+export function calculateIrradianceConvolution(input) {
+    const plan = calculateIrradianceConvolutionPlan(input);
+    const values = new Float64Array(plan.width * plan.height);
+    convolveIrradianceRows(plan, input.samples, input.kernels, 0, plan.height, values);
+    return { plan, values };
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=irradiance-convolution.js.map

package/dist/optics/irradiance-convolution.js.map

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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Blurs a sampled image-plane quantity with caller-supplied PSF (point-spread function) kernels, one\n * kernel per patch of the image. The quantity must be linear and additive (for example irradiance).\n * Each patch is treated as shift-invariant (\"isoplanatic\"): the same PSF applies everywhere inside it.\n * The PSFs are incoherent intensity PSFs.\n *\n * This is the CPU float64 reference for the optics-as-convolution step (#277). The `webgpu-f32`\n * path runs the same equation; see docs/WEBGPU.md.\n *\n * Equation (indexed by source site; an energy-conserving scatter written as a gather):\n *   out(x, y) = Σ_{v=-r..r} Σ_{u=-r..r} in(x − u, y − v) · K_{p(x − u, y − v)}(u, v)\n * where `p(s)` is the patch containing the **source** site and `K_p(u, v)` is the fraction of the source\n * site's quantity that lands at displacement (+u right, +v down), in grid sites.\n *\n * Incoherent imaging is a linear sum of intensity PSFs: the output intensity is the input intensity\n * convolved with the intensity PSF (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71 Optics, Spring 2009, lecture 22, free).\n * A PSF that varies across the field is approximated as constant inside each patch, as in methods\n * that divide the image into isoplanatic subsections (van de Ketterij et al., arXiv:2011.01738,\n * sec. 1, free). Also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 4th ed., 2017, §6.1. Camera\n * simulators such as ISETCam use the same piecewise shift-invariant method\n * (Farrell et al., Proc. SPIE 8299, 2012). The caller chooses the patch size and kernels, and so\n * owns the patch approximation.\n *\n * Edges: the grid holds every source. Sources outside the grid are not represented. Anything\n * scattered outside the grid is lost; compare `inputSum` with `outputSum` to see how much. There is no\n * padding, reflection or renormalization.\n */\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { requireAllowlistedRecord } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\n\nexport const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION = \"0.1.0\" as const;\nexport const IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS = Object.freeze({\n  maximumPixels: 24_000_000,\n  maximumDimension: 16_384,\n  maximumKernelRadius: 32,\n  maximumPatchCount: 4_096,\n  maximumKernelWeights: 4_194_304,\n  /** A kernel may lose energy (vignetting, transmission) but may not create it, beyond rounding slack. */\n  maximumKernelSum: 1 + 2 ** -20,\n  /** Inputs larger than this are rejected so that float32 execution cannot overflow. */\n  maximumSampleMagnitude: 2 ** 100\n});\n\nexport interface IrradianceConvolutionInput {\n  schemaVersion: typeof IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION;\n  width: number;\n  height: number;\n  /** Row-major samples. Finite, non-negative, linear and additive (for example irradiance, or expected photons per site). */\n  samples: Float32Array | Float64Array;\n  /** Kernel half-width in grid sites. Each kernel is (2r+1)×(2r+1). */\n  kernelRadius: number;\n  /** Patch size in grid sites. The last row and column of patches may be partial. */\n  patchWidth: number;\n  patchHeight: number;\n  /**\n   * Finite non-negative weights, `[patchRow][patchColumn][v + r][u + r]`, one kernel per patch in\n   * row-major patch order. Each kernel sums to at most 1 (+2^-20 rounding slack).\n   */\n  kernels: Float32Array | Float64Array;\n  boundary: \"zero-outside-grid\";\n}\n\n/** Validated, immutable geometry of a convolution request. Sample arrays are borrowed, not copied. */\nexport interface IrradianceConvolutionPlan {\n  width: number;\n  height: number;\n  kernelRadius: number;\n  kernelSize: number;\n  tapCount: number;\n  patchWidth: number;\n  patchHeight: number;\n  patchColumns: number;\n  patchRows: number;\n  /** Largest kernel sum and largest input magnitude. The float32 error bound uses them. */\n  maximumKernelSum: number;\n  maximumSampleMagnitude: number;\n}\n\nfunction positiveInteger(value: unknown, maximum: number): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value <= 0 || value > maximum) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Invalid irradiance convolution geometry.\");\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\n/** Validates the request and returns its plan. Every sample and weight is checked once. */\nexport function calculateIrradianceConvolutionPlan(input: IrradianceConvolutionInput): IrradianceConvolutionPlan {\n  const r = requireAllowlistedRecord(input, [\"schemaVersion\", \"width\", \"height\", \"samples\", \"kernelRadius\", \"patchWidth\",\n    \"patchHeight\", \"kernels\", \"boundary\"], \"Invalid irradiance convolution input.\");\n  const L = IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS;\n  if (r.schemaVersion !== IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_SCHEMA_VERSION || r.boundary !== \"zero-outside-grid\") {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Unsupported irradiance convolution schema or boundary.\");\n  }\n  const width = positiveInteger(r.width, L.maximumDimension), height = positiveInteger(r.height, L.maximumDimension);\n  if (width * height > L.maximumPixels) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance convolution grid exceeds the pixel limit.\");\n  const radius = r.kernelRadius;\n  if (typeof radius !== \"number\" || !Number.isSafeInteger(radius) || radius < 0 || radius > L.maximumKernelRadius) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Invalid irradiance convolution kernel radius.\");\n  }\n  const patchWidth = positiveInteger(r.patchWidth, width), patchHeight = positiveInteger(r.patchHeight, height);\n  const patchColumns = Math.ceil(width / patchWidth), patchRows = Math.ceil(height / patchHeight);\n  const kernelSize = 2 * radius + 1, tapCount = kernelSize * kernelSize, patchCount = patchColumns * patchRows;\n  if (patchCount > L.maximumPatchCount || patchCount * tapCount > L.maximumKernelWeights) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance convolution kernels exceed the declared limits.\");\n  }\n  const samples = r.samples, kernels = r.kernels;\n  if (!(samples instanceof Float32Array || samples instanceof Float64Array) || samples.length !== width * height ||\n      !(kernels instanceof Float32Array || kernels instanceof Float64Array) || kernels.length !== patchCount * tapCount) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance convolution arrays do not match the declared geometry.\");\n  }\n  let maximumSampleMagnitude = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++) {\n    const v = samples[i]!;\n    // Negated comparison also rejects NaN.\n    if (!(v >= 0 && v <= L.maximumSampleMagnitude)) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance samples must be finite, non-negative and within the declared magnitude.\");\n    }\n    if (v > maximumSampleMagnitude) maximumSampleMagnitude = v;\n  }\n  let maximumKernelSum = 0;\n  for (let p = 0; p < patchCount; p++) {\n    let sum = 0;\n    for (let t = p * tapCount, end = t + tapCount; t < end; t++) {\n      const w = kernels[t]!;\n      if (!(w >= 0 && w <= 1)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"PSF kernel weights must be finite and within [0, 1].\");\n      sum += w;\n    }\n    if (sum > L.maximumKernelSum) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"A PSF kernel may not create energy (sum exceeds 1).\");\n    if (sum > maximumKernelSum) maximumKernelSum = sum;\n  }\n  return Object.freeze({ width, height, kernelRadius: radius, kernelSize, tapCount, patchWidth, patchHeight, patchColumns, patchRows,\n    maximumKernelSum, maximumSampleMagnitude });\n}\n\n/**\n * Reference gather for output rows `[y0, y1)`, written into `output` at `(y - y0) * width + x`.\n * The summation order (v outer, u inner, both ascending) is part of the contract shared with the\n * WGSL (WebGPU shader) kernel.\n * @internal\n */\nexport function convolveIrradianceRows(plan: IrradianceConvolutionPlan, samples: Float32Array | Float64Array,\n  kernels: Float32Array | Float64Array, y0: number, y1: number, output: Float64Array): void {\n  const { width, height, kernelRadius: r, kernelSize, tapCount, patchWidth, patchHeight, patchColumns, patchRows } = plan;\n  for (let y = y0; y < y1; y++) {\n    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {\n      let sum = 0;\n      for (let v = -r; v <= r; v++) {\n        const sy = y - v;\n        if (sy < 0 || sy >= height) continue;\n        const patchRowBase = Math.min(Math.floor(sy / patchHeight), patchRows - 1) * patchColumns;\n        const kernelRow = (v + r) * kernelSize + r, sampleRow = sy * width;\n        for (let u = -r; u <= r; u++) {\n          const sx = x - u;\n          if (sx < 0 || sx >= width) continue;\n          const patch = patchRowBase + Math.min(Math.floor(sx / patchWidth), patchColumns - 1);\n          sum += samples[sampleRow + sx]! * kernels[patch * tapCount + kernelRow + u]!;\n        }\n      }\n      output[(y - y0) * width + x] = sum;\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/** Synchronous float64 reference for bounded grids. Use the image-kernel accelerator for large grids. */\nexport function calculateIrradianceConvolution(input: IrradianceConvolutionInput): { plan: IrradianceConvolutionPlan; values: Float64Array } {\n  const plan = calculateIrradianceConvolutionPlan(input);\n  const values = new Float64Array(plan.width * plan.height);\n  convolveIrradianceRows(plan, input.samples, input.kernels, 0, plan.height, values);\n  return { plan, values };\n}\n"]}