@pencil-agent/nano-pencil 2.0.0 → 2.0.1

package/dist/extensions/builtin/browser/agent-workspace/domain-skills/stackoverflow/scraping.md

@@ -1,435 +1,435 @@
-# Stack Overflow — Scraping & Data Extraction
-
-`https://stackoverflow.com` — all public read-only data is available via the Stack Exchange API v2.3. No auth, no browser required for any read operation. API is fast, returns gzip-compressed JSON, and works transparently with `http_get`.
-
-## Do this first: pick your access path
-
-| Goal | Best approach | Notes |
-|------|--------------|-------|
-| Top/hot questions by tag | `GET /2.3/questions` | Add `filter=withbody` for question text |
-| Answers for a question | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/answers` | Add `filter=withbody` for answer text |
-| Search by keyword + tag | `GET /2.3/search/advanced` | More filters than `/search` |
-| Simple title keyword search | `GET /2.3/search` | `intitle=` param |
-| Fetch by known question IDs | `GET /2.3/questions/{id1};{id2};...` | Semicolon-delimited batch, up to 100 |
-| User profile + reputation | `GET /2.3/users/{id}` | Public fields only |
-| User activity timeline | `GET /2.3/users/{id}/timeline` | Events: badges, answers, questions |
-| User's questions / answers | `GET /2.3/users/{id}/questions` or `/answers` | Standard listing |
-| Comments on a post | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/comments` | Needs `filter=withbody` for body |
-| Related questions | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/related` | Returns linked/similar questions |
-| Answer by ID directly | `GET /2.3/answers/{id}` | One or more semicolon-separated IDs |
-| Popular tags | `GET /2.3/tags` | Sort by `popular`, `activity`, or `name` |
-| Site-wide statistics | `GET /2.3/info` | Total questions, quota, etc. |
-| Question HTML page | `http_get` with User-Agent | Returns 777KB HTML; prefer API |
-
-**Use the API for all data tasks.** The HTML page is 777KB, lacks clean structure, and the JSON-LD block only contains `WebSite` and `Organization` objects (no `QAPage` or `Question` schema). The API returns the same data in milliseconds, fully structured.
-
----
-
-## Quota limits
-
-The API is unauthenticated-friendly but strictly quota-capped per IP per day:
-
-| Auth level | Daily quota | Burst |
-|------------|-------------|-------|
-| No key (unauthenticated) | **300 requests/day** | No enforced burst limit observed |
-| With API key | **10,000 requests/day** | Same |
-
-Check your remaining quota in every response envelope:
-
-```python
-import json
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/info?site=stackoverflow"))
-print("Quota remaining:", data.get('quota_remaining'))  # e.g. 273
-print("Quota max:", data.get('quota_max'))              # 300 unauthenticated, 10000 with key
-# Confirmed: quota_max=300, quota_remaining decrements per call
-```
-
-Every API response includes `quota_remaining` in the envelope. Monitor it. When it hits 0, all calls return HTTP 400 with `error_id: 502` (throttle_violation). There is no retry-after header — wait until midnight UTC.
-
-**If you have an API key**, append `&key=YOUR_KEY` to any URL to use the 10,000/day quota.
-
----
-
-## Response envelope
-
-Every response from the Stack Exchange API is wrapped in a consistent envelope:
-
-```python
-{
-  "items": [...],          # list of result objects
-  "has_more": True/False,  # whether more pages exist
-  "quota_max": 300,        # total daily quota
-  "quota_remaining": 273,  # calls left today
-  "backoff": None          # seconds to wait before next call (rare)
-}
-```
-
-Always check `data.get('backoff')` — if it returns an integer, sleep that many seconds before the next call. Ignoring it causes throttle errors.
-
-Error responses raise `urllib.error.HTTPError` (not a JSON envelope):
-- HTTP 400 — invalid parameter (e.g. bad site name) — raises exception
-- HTTP 400 with JSON body — quota exhausted or throttle_violation
-
-```python
-try:
-    data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1"))
-except Exception as e:
-    print("API error:", e)   # HTTPError HTTP Error 400: Bad Request
-```
-
----
-
-## `filter=withbody` — required for post content
-
-By default, the API strips the `body` field from all responses. You **must** add `filter=withbody` to get question or answer text. This applies to questions, answers, and comments alike.
-
-```python
-import json
-
-# WITHOUT filter=withbody — body field is ABSENT
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1"))
-q = data['items'][0]
-print("Has body:", 'body' in q)   # False
-print("Keys:", sorted(q.keys()))
-# ['accepted_answer_id', 'answer_count', 'content_license', 'creation_date',
-#  'is_answered', 'last_activity_date', 'last_edit_date', 'link', 'owner',
-#  'protected_date', 'question_id', 'score', 'tags', 'title', 'view_count']
-
-# WITH filter=withbody — body field is PRESENT
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1&filter=withbody"))
-q = data['items'][0]
-print("Has body:", 'body' in q)   # True
-print("Body preview:", q['body'][:60])
-# '<p>What functionality does the <a href="https://do...'
-```
-
----
-
-## HTML encoding in API responses
-
-The API returns HTML in two contexts, and plain text in a third:
-
-- **`body` field** (questions, answers, comments) — full HTML markup. Headings, code blocks, links, blockquotes, lists. Strip with `html.parser` for plain text.
-- **`title` field** — HTML-entity-encoded plain text. Quotes, angle brackets, and ampersands are escaped (`&quot;`, `&lt;`, `&amp;`). Decode with `html.unescape()`.
-- **`display_name`, `link`, `tags`** — plain text, no encoding.
-
-```python
-import json, html
-from html.parser import HTMLParser
-
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767?site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody"))
-q = data['items'][0]
-
-# Title has HTML entities
-print("Raw title:", q['title'])
-# 'What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Python?'
-print("Decoded:", html.unescape(q['title']))
-# 'What does the "yield" keyword do in Python?'
-
-# Body is full HTML — strip for plain text
-class Stripper(HTMLParser):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.text = []
-    def handle_data(self, d):
-        self.text.append(d)
-    def get_text(self):
-        return ''.join(self.text)
-
-s = Stripper()
-s.feed(q['body'])
-print(s.get_text()[:200])
-# 'What functionality does the yield keyword do in Python?\nWhat is the ...'
-```
-
----
-
-## Common workflows
-
-### Top questions by tag (API)
-
-```python
-import json, html
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions"
-    "?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&filter=withbody"
-))
-for q in data['items']:
-    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], html.unescape(q['title'])[:60])
-    print("  Tags:", q['tags'][:3], "Answers:", q['answer_count'])
-print("Quota remaining:", data.get('quota_remaining'))
-# 231767 13133 What does the "yield" keyword do in Python?
-#   Tags: ['python', 'iterator', 'generator'] Answers: 51
-# 419163 8438 What does if __name__ == "__main__": do?
-#   Tags: ['python', 'namespaces', 'program-entry-point'] Answers: 40
-# Quota remaining: 299
-```
-
-Sort options for `/questions`: `activity`, `votes`, `creation`, `hot`, `week`, `month`.
-
-### Answers for a question
-
-```python
-import json
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/answers"
-    "?order=desc&sort=votes&site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody&pagesize=3"
-))
-for a in data['items']:
-    print(f"Score: {a['score']}, Accepted: {a.get('is_accepted')}")
-    print(f"  Body preview: {a['body'][:150]}")
-# Score: 18307, Accepted: True
-#   Body preview: <p>To understand what <a href="...">yield</a> does, ...
-# Score: 2596, Accepted: False
-# Score: 802, Accepted: False
-```
-
-Answer fields (with `filter=withbody`): `answer_id`, `question_id`, `score`, `is_accepted`, `body`, `owner`, `creation_date`, `last_activity_date`, `content_license`.
-
-### Fetch questions by ID (batch)
-
-Fetch up to 100 questions in one call using semicolons:
-
-```python
-import json
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767;419163;394809"
-    "?site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody"
-))
-print("Fetched:", len(data['items']))   # 3
-for q in data['items']:
-    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:50])
-# 231767 13133 What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Pyth
-# 419163 8438  What does if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;: do?
-# 394809 8125  Does Python have a ternary conditional operator?
-```
-
-### Search — `search/advanced` vs `search`
-
-Use `/search/advanced` when you need combined keyword + tag filtering. Use `/search` when searching only by title keyword (`intitle=`).
-
-```python
-import json
-
-# search/advanced: keyword in body OR title, filtered by tag, sorted by relevance
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/search/advanced"
-    "?q=asyncio+event+loop&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=relevance"
-))
-for q in data['items']:
-    print(q['score'], q['answer_count'], q['title'][:70])
-# 137 3  "Asyncio Event Loop is Closed" when getting loop
-# 47  3  Can an asyncio event loop run in the background without suspending the
-
-# search: title-only keyword search via intitle=
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/search"
-    "?intitle=asyncio+event+loop&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=relevance"
-))
-```
-
-`search/advanced` additional params: `accepted=True` (only questions with accepted answers), `answers=1` (minimum answer count), `body=` (keyword in body), `user=` (filter by owner user ID), `views=` (minimum view count), `fromdate=`/`todate=` (Unix timestamps).
-
-### User profile
-
-```python
-import json
-
-# Basic user info
-user = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1?site=stackoverflow"))
-u = user['items'][0]
-print("User:", u['display_name'], "Rep:", u['reputation'], "Badges:", u['badge_counts'])
-# User: Jeff Atwood  Rep: 64159  Badges: {'bronze': 153, 'silver': 153, 'gold': 48}
-
-# Fields: user_id, display_name, reputation, badge_counts, location, link,
-#         creation_date, last_access_date, is_employee, account_id,
-#         accept_rate, profile_image, website_url
-
-# Timeline (badge, question, answer events)
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/timeline?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"))
-print("Event types:", set(i['timeline_type'] for i in data['items']))
-# {'badge'}
-
-# User's top answers
-answers = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/answers?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=votes"))
-for a in answers['items']:
-    print("Score:", a['score'], "Question ID:", a.get('question_id'))
-
-# User's questions
-questions = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/questions?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=3&order=desc&sort=votes"))
-for q in questions['items']:
-    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:60])
-# 9  2273  How do I calculate someone&#39;s age based on a DateTime typ
-# 11 1656  Calculate relative time in C#
-```
-
-### Comments (requires `filter=withbody`)
-
-```python
-import json
-data = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/comments"
-    "?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=creation&filter=withbody"
-))
-for c in data['items']:
-    print("Score:", c['score'], "Body:", c.get('body','')[:80])
-# Comment keys (without filter): comment_id, content_license, creation_date,
-#   edited, owner, post_id, reply_to_user, score
-# With filter=withbody: adds 'body' field (HTML-encoded)
-```
-
-### Related questions
-
-```python
-import json
-related = json.loads(http_get(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/related?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"
-))
-for q in related['items']:
-    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:60])
-# 25232350 15 how generators work in python
-# 28880095 11 What does a plain yield keyword do in Python?
-```
-
-### Popular tags
-
-```python
-import json
-tags = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/tags?order=desc&sort=popular&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"))
-for t in tags['items']:
-    print(f"{t['name']}: {t['count']:,} questions")
-# javascript: 2,531,995 questions
-# java: 1,921,907 questions
-# c#: 1,626,728 questions
-# python: (check live — grows daily)
-```
-
----
-
-## Pagination
-
-Use `page=` (1-indexed) and `pagesize=` (max 100). Check `has_more` in the envelope to know whether a next page exists.
-
-```python
-import json
-
-def fetch_all_pages(url_base, max_pages=5):
-    """Fetch multiple pages from any Stack Exchange API endpoint."""
-    results = []
-    for page in range(1, max_pages + 1):
-        data = json.loads(http_get(f"{url_base}&page={page}"))
-        results.extend(data['items'])
-        if not data.get('has_more'):
-            break
-        if data.get('backoff'):
-            import time; time.sleep(data['backoff'])
-    return results
-
-questions = fetch_all_pages(
-    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes"
-    "&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=10",
-    max_pages=3
-)
-print("Total fetched:", len(questions))  # up to 30
-```
-
-Note: `page=2` with `pagesize=3` returns the 4th–6th items. Confirmed working — `has_more: True` on page 2 of top Python questions.
-
----
-
-## Parallel fetching (multiple questions or answers)
-
-```python
-import json
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-
-def fetch_top_answer(qid):
-    data = json.loads(http_get(
-        f"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/{qid}/answers"
-        "?order=desc&sort=votes&site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody&pagesize=1"
-    ))
-    if data['items']:
-        a = data['items'][0]
-        return {"qid": qid, "top_score": a['score'], "accepted": a.get('is_accepted')}
-    return {"qid": qid, "top_score": 0}
-
-qids = [231767, 419163, 394809, 100003, 82831]
-with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as ex:
-    results = list(ex.map(fetch_top_answer, qids))
-
-for r in results:
-    print(r)
-# {'qid': 231767, 'top_score': 18307, 'accepted': True}
-# {'qid': 419163, 'top_score': 9051, 'accepted': True}
-# {'qid': 394809, 'top_score': 9355, 'accepted': True}
-# {'qid': 100003, 'top_score': 9334, 'accepted': False}
-# {'qid': 82831, 'top_score': 6793, 'accepted': False}
-```
-
-Keep `max_workers` at 3 or below when unauthenticated — parallel calls consume quota simultaneously. At 3 workers, 5 questions used 5 quota units (expected).
-
----
-
-## HTML page scraping (avoid for data tasks)
-
-The HTML page works but returns 777KB and has no clean `QAPage` JSON-LD. Use it only when you need something not in the API (e.g. rendered MathJax, ads context).
-
-```python
-import re, html as htmllib
-headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36"}
-page = http_get("https://stackoverflow.com/questions/231767/what-does-the-yield-keyword-do-in-python", headers=headers)
-print("HTML length:", len(page))   # 777138
-
-# Page title (includes site suffix)
-title_m = re.search(r'<title>([^<]+)</title>', page)
-if title_m:
-    print(htmllib.unescape(title_m.group(1)))
-# 'iterator - What does the "yield" keyword do in Python? - Stack Overflow'
-
-# Answer count via itemprop
-ans_count = re.search(r'itemprop="answerCount"[^>]*>(\d+)<', page)
-if ans_count:
-    print("Answers:", ans_count.group(1))   # '51'
-
-# Score via itemprop (has whitespace around number)
-score_m = re.search(r'itemprop="upvoteCount"[^>]*>\s*(-?\d+)\s*<', page)
-if score_m:
-    print("Score:", score_m.group(1))   # '13133'
-
-# JSON-LD is present but only has WebSite and Organization — NOT QAPage/Question
-ld_match = re.search(r'<script type="application/ld\+json">(.*?)</script>', page, re.DOTALL)
-if ld_match:
-    d = json.loads(ld_match.group(1))
-    types = [item.get('@type') for item in d.get('@graph', [])]
-    print("JSON-LD types:", types)   # ['WebSite', 'Organization'] — no QAPage
-```
-
----
-
-## Gotchas
-
-- **300 req/day unauthenticated is per IP, resets at midnight UTC.** 6 tests consumed ~27 quota units in one session. With parallel workers and loops, you can burn through 300 in minutes. Always check `quota_remaining` in responses.
-
-- **`filter=withbody` is required for body content.** Without it, `body` is simply absent from the response — no error, no empty string, just a missing key. Applies to questions, answers, AND comments.
-
-- **Title field has HTML entities, body field has full HTML markup.** They need different decoding strategies: `html.unescape()` for titles, `HTMLParser` stripping for bodies. Don't confuse them.
-
-- **Titles in API responses contain `&quot;`, `&lt;`, `&amp;`, `&#39;`** — raw output is `What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Python?`. Always call `html.unescape()` before displaying or comparing.
-
-- **Batch IDs with semicolons, not commas.** `/questions/231767;419163;394809` fetches 3 questions in one API call. Using commas returns a 400 error.
-
-- **`search/advanced` includes body text in results; `/search` only searches titles.** Use `search/advanced` with `q=` for full-text search. Use `/search` with `intitle=` for title-only.
-
-- **HTTP errors are raised as exceptions, not returned as JSON.** A bad `site=` param causes `urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` — there's no JSON body accessible from `http_get`. Wrap API calls in try/except.
-
-- **`backoff` in the response envelope must be respected.** If `data.get('backoff')` returns an integer (rare, typically 10–30 seconds), sleep that duration before the next call. Ignoring it will cause throttle errors on subsequent requests.
-
-- **`/info` endpoint wraps stats inside `items[0]`**, not directly in the envelope. Access as `data['items'][0]['total_questions']`.
-
-- **JSON-LD on the HTML page is NOT QAPage schema.** The `<script type="application/ld+json">` block only contains `WebSite` and `Organization` objects in the `@graph` array. There is no `Question`, `Answer`, or `QAPage` type — confirmed on the most-voted Python question (231767). Don't rely on structured data from the HTML page.
-
-- **User timeline `timeline_type` can be `badge`, `question`, `answer`, `comment`, `revision`, `suggested_edit`, `accepted`.** For very old/inactive users, all recent events may be `badge` only.
-
-- **Multi-site support.** Change `site=stackoverflow` to any Stack Exchange site: `site=superuser`, `site=serverfault`, `site=askubuntu`, `site=unix`, `site=datascience`, `site=math`. Same API, same quota pool per IP.
-
-- **`pagesize` max is 100.** Requesting more returns a 400 error. For bulk fetching, loop with `page=` and check `has_more`.
+# Stack Overflow — Scraping & Data Extraction
+
+`https://stackoverflow.com` — all public read-only data is available via the Stack Exchange API v2.3. No auth, no browser required for any read operation. API is fast, returns gzip-compressed JSON, and works transparently with `http_get`.
+
+## Do this first: pick your access path
+
+| Goal | Best approach | Notes |
+|------|--------------|-------|
+| Top/hot questions by tag | `GET /2.3/questions` | Add `filter=withbody` for question text |
+| Answers for a question | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/answers` | Add `filter=withbody` for answer text |
+| Search by keyword + tag | `GET /2.3/search/advanced` | More filters than `/search` |
+| Simple title keyword search | `GET /2.3/search` | `intitle=` param |
+| Fetch by known question IDs | `GET /2.3/questions/{id1};{id2};...` | Semicolon-delimited batch, up to 100 |
+| User profile + reputation | `GET /2.3/users/{id}` | Public fields only |
+| User activity timeline | `GET /2.3/users/{id}/timeline` | Events: badges, answers, questions |
+| User's questions / answers | `GET /2.3/users/{id}/questions` or `/answers` | Standard listing |
+| Comments on a post | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/comments` | Needs `filter=withbody` for body |
+| Related questions | `GET /2.3/questions/{id}/related` | Returns linked/similar questions |
+| Answer by ID directly | `GET /2.3/answers/{id}` | One or more semicolon-separated IDs |
+| Popular tags | `GET /2.3/tags` | Sort by `popular`, `activity`, or `name` |
+| Site-wide statistics | `GET /2.3/info` | Total questions, quota, etc. |
+| Question HTML page | `http_get` with User-Agent | Returns 777KB HTML; prefer API |
+
+**Use the API for all data tasks.** The HTML page is 777KB, lacks clean structure, and the JSON-LD block only contains `WebSite` and `Organization` objects (no `QAPage` or `Question` schema). The API returns the same data in milliseconds, fully structured.
+
+---
+
+## Quota limits
+
+The API is unauthenticated-friendly but strictly quota-capped per IP per day:
+
+| Auth level | Daily quota | Burst |
+|------------|-------------|-------|
+| No key (unauthenticated) | **300 requests/day** | No enforced burst limit observed |
+| With API key | **10,000 requests/day** | Same |
+
+Check your remaining quota in every response envelope:
+
+```python
+import json
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/info?site=stackoverflow"))
+print("Quota remaining:", data.get('quota_remaining'))  # e.g. 273
+print("Quota max:", data.get('quota_max'))              # 300 unauthenticated, 10000 with key
+# Confirmed: quota_max=300, quota_remaining decrements per call
+```
+
+Every API response includes `quota_remaining` in the envelope. Monitor it. When it hits 0, all calls return HTTP 400 with `error_id: 502` (throttle_violation). There is no retry-after header — wait until midnight UTC.
+
+**If you have an API key**, append `&key=YOUR_KEY` to any URL to use the 10,000/day quota.
+
+---
+
+## Response envelope
+
+Every response from the Stack Exchange API is wrapped in a consistent envelope:
+
+```python
+{
+  "items": [...],          # list of result objects
+  "has_more": True/False,  # whether more pages exist
+  "quota_max": 300,        # total daily quota
+  "quota_remaining": 273,  # calls left today
+  "backoff": None          # seconds to wait before next call (rare)
+}
+```
+
+Always check `data.get('backoff')` — if it returns an integer, sleep that many seconds before the next call. Ignoring it causes throttle errors.
+
+Error responses raise `urllib.error.HTTPError` (not a JSON envelope):
+- HTTP 400 — invalid parameter (e.g. bad site name) — raises exception
+- HTTP 400 with JSON body — quota exhausted or throttle_violation
+
+```python
+try:
+    data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1"))
+except Exception as e:
+    print("API error:", e)   # HTTPError HTTP Error 400: Bad Request
+```
+
+---
+
+## `filter=withbody` — required for post content
+
+By default, the API strips the `body` field from all responses. You **must** add `filter=withbody` to get question or answer text. This applies to questions, answers, and comments alike.
+
+```python
+import json
+
+# WITHOUT filter=withbody — body field is ABSENT
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1"))
+q = data['items'][0]
+print("Has body:", 'body' in q)   # False
+print("Keys:", sorted(q.keys()))
+# ['accepted_answer_id', 'answer_count', 'content_license', 'creation_date',
+#  'is_answered', 'last_activity_date', 'last_edit_date', 'link', 'owner',
+#  'protected_date', 'question_id', 'score', 'tags', 'title', 'view_count']
+
+# WITH filter=withbody — body field is PRESENT
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=1&filter=withbody"))
+q = data['items'][0]
+print("Has body:", 'body' in q)   # True
+print("Body preview:", q['body'][:60])
+# '<p>What functionality does the <a href="https://do...'
+```
+
+---
+
+## HTML encoding in API responses
+
+The API returns HTML in two contexts, and plain text in a third:
+
+- **`body` field** (questions, answers, comments) — full HTML markup. Headings, code blocks, links, blockquotes, lists. Strip with `html.parser` for plain text.
+- **`title` field** — HTML-entity-encoded plain text. Quotes, angle brackets, and ampersands are escaped (`&quot;`, `&lt;`, `&amp;`). Decode with `html.unescape()`.
+- **`display_name`, `link`, `tags`** — plain text, no encoding.
+
+```python
+import json, html
+from html.parser import HTMLParser
+
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767?site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody"))
+q = data['items'][0]
+
+# Title has HTML entities
+print("Raw title:", q['title'])
+# 'What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Python?'
+print("Decoded:", html.unescape(q['title']))
+# 'What does the "yield" keyword do in Python?'
+
+# Body is full HTML — strip for plain text
+class Stripper(HTMLParser):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.text = []
+    def handle_data(self, d):
+        self.text.append(d)
+    def get_text(self):
+        return ''.join(self.text)
+
+s = Stripper()
+s.feed(q['body'])
+print(s.get_text()[:200])
+# 'What functionality does the yield keyword do in Python?\nWhat is the ...'
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common workflows
+
+### Top questions by tag (API)
+
+```python
+import json, html
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions"
+    "?order=desc&sort=votes&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&filter=withbody"
+))
+for q in data['items']:
+    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], html.unescape(q['title'])[:60])
+    print("  Tags:", q['tags'][:3], "Answers:", q['answer_count'])
+print("Quota remaining:", data.get('quota_remaining'))
+# 231767 13133 What does the "yield" keyword do in Python?
+#   Tags: ['python', 'iterator', 'generator'] Answers: 51
+# 419163 8438 What does if __name__ == "__main__": do?
+#   Tags: ['python', 'namespaces', 'program-entry-point'] Answers: 40
+# Quota remaining: 299
+```
+
+Sort options for `/questions`: `activity`, `votes`, `creation`, `hot`, `week`, `month`.
+
+### Answers for a question
+
+```python
+import json
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/answers"
+    "?order=desc&sort=votes&site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody&pagesize=3"
+))
+for a in data['items']:
+    print(f"Score: {a['score']}, Accepted: {a.get('is_accepted')}")
+    print(f"  Body preview: {a['body'][:150]}")
+# Score: 18307, Accepted: True
+#   Body preview: <p>To understand what <a href="...">yield</a> does, ...
+# Score: 2596, Accepted: False
+# Score: 802, Accepted: False
+```
+
+Answer fields (with `filter=withbody`): `answer_id`, `question_id`, `score`, `is_accepted`, `body`, `owner`, `creation_date`, `last_activity_date`, `content_license`.
+
+### Fetch questions by ID (batch)
+
+Fetch up to 100 questions in one call using semicolons:
+
+```python
+import json
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767;419163;394809"
+    "?site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody"
+))
+print("Fetched:", len(data['items']))   # 3
+for q in data['items']:
+    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:50])
+# 231767 13133 What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Pyth
+# 419163 8438  What does if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;: do?
+# 394809 8125  Does Python have a ternary conditional operator?
+```
+
+### Search — `search/advanced` vs `search`
+
+Use `/search/advanced` when you need combined keyword + tag filtering. Use `/search` when searching only by title keyword (`intitle=`).
+
+```python
+import json
+
+# search/advanced: keyword in body OR title, filtered by tag, sorted by relevance
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/search/advanced"
+    "?q=asyncio+event+loop&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=relevance"
+))
+for q in data['items']:
+    print(q['score'], q['answer_count'], q['title'][:70])
+# 137 3  "Asyncio Event Loop is Closed" when getting loop
+# 47  3  Can an asyncio event loop run in the background without suspending the
+
+# search: title-only keyword search via intitle=
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/search"
+    "?intitle=asyncio+event+loop&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=relevance"
+))
+```
+
+`search/advanced` additional params: `accepted=True` (only questions with accepted answers), `answers=1` (minimum answer count), `body=` (keyword in body), `user=` (filter by owner user ID), `views=` (minimum view count), `fromdate=`/`todate=` (Unix timestamps).
+
+### User profile
+
+```python
+import json
+
+# Basic user info
+user = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1?site=stackoverflow"))
+u = user['items'][0]
+print("User:", u['display_name'], "Rep:", u['reputation'], "Badges:", u['badge_counts'])
+# User: Jeff Atwood  Rep: 64159  Badges: {'bronze': 153, 'silver': 153, 'gold': 48}
+
+# Fields: user_id, display_name, reputation, badge_counts, location, link,
+#         creation_date, last_access_date, is_employee, account_id,
+#         accept_rate, profile_image, website_url
+
+# Timeline (badge, question, answer events)
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/timeline?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"))
+print("Event types:", set(i['timeline_type'] for i in data['items']))
+# {'badge'}
+
+# User's top answers
+answers = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/answers?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=votes"))
+for a in answers['items']:
+    print("Score:", a['score'], "Question ID:", a.get('question_id'))
+
+# User's questions
+questions = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/1/questions?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=3&order=desc&sort=votes"))
+for q in questions['items']:
+    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:60])
+# 9  2273  How do I calculate someone&#39;s age based on a DateTime typ
+# 11 1656  Calculate relative time in C#
+```
+
+### Comments (requires `filter=withbody`)
+
+```python
+import json
+data = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/comments"
+    "?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5&order=desc&sort=creation&filter=withbody"
+))
+for c in data['items']:
+    print("Score:", c['score'], "Body:", c.get('body','')[:80])
+# Comment keys (without filter): comment_id, content_license, creation_date,
+#   edited, owner, post_id, reply_to_user, score
+# With filter=withbody: adds 'body' field (HTML-encoded)
+```
+
+### Related questions
+
+```python
+import json
+related = json.loads(http_get(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/231767/related?site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"
+))
+for q in related['items']:
+    print(q['question_id'], q['score'], q['title'][:60])
+# 25232350 15 how generators work in python
+# 28880095 11 What does a plain yield keyword do in Python?
+```
+
+### Popular tags
+
+```python
+import json
+tags = json.loads(http_get("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/tags?order=desc&sort=popular&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=5"))
+for t in tags['items']:
+    print(f"{t['name']}: {t['count']:,} questions")
+# javascript: 2,531,995 questions
+# java: 1,921,907 questions
+# c#: 1,626,728 questions
+# python: (check live — grows daily)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Pagination
+
+Use `page=` (1-indexed) and `pagesize=` (max 100). Check `has_more` in the envelope to know whether a next page exists.
+
+```python
+import json
+
+def fetch_all_pages(url_base, max_pages=5):
+    """Fetch multiple pages from any Stack Exchange API endpoint."""
+    results = []
+    for page in range(1, max_pages + 1):
+        data = json.loads(http_get(f"{url_base}&page={page}"))
+        results.extend(data['items'])
+        if not data.get('has_more'):
+            break
+        if data.get('backoff'):
+            import time; time.sleep(data['backoff'])
+    return results
+
+questions = fetch_all_pages(
+    "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions?order=desc&sort=votes"
+    "&tagged=python&site=stackoverflow&pagesize=10",
+    max_pages=3
+)
+print("Total fetched:", len(questions))  # up to 30
+```
+
+Note: `page=2` with `pagesize=3` returns the 4th–6th items. Confirmed working — `has_more: True` on page 2 of top Python questions.
+
+---
+
+## Parallel fetching (multiple questions or answers)
+
+```python
+import json
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+def fetch_top_answer(qid):
+    data = json.loads(http_get(
+        f"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/questions/{qid}/answers"
+        "?order=desc&sort=votes&site=stackoverflow&filter=withbody&pagesize=1"
+    ))
+    if data['items']:
+        a = data['items'][0]
+        return {"qid": qid, "top_score": a['score'], "accepted": a.get('is_accepted')}
+    return {"qid": qid, "top_score": 0}
+
+qids = [231767, 419163, 394809, 100003, 82831]
+with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as ex:
+    results = list(ex.map(fetch_top_answer, qids))
+
+for r in results:
+    print(r)
+# {'qid': 231767, 'top_score': 18307, 'accepted': True}
+# {'qid': 419163, 'top_score': 9051, 'accepted': True}
+# {'qid': 394809, 'top_score': 9355, 'accepted': True}
+# {'qid': 100003, 'top_score': 9334, 'accepted': False}
+# {'qid': 82831, 'top_score': 6793, 'accepted': False}
+```
+
+Keep `max_workers` at 3 or below when unauthenticated — parallel calls consume quota simultaneously. At 3 workers, 5 questions used 5 quota units (expected).
+
+---
+
+## HTML page scraping (avoid for data tasks)
+
+The HTML page works but returns 777KB and has no clean `QAPage` JSON-LD. Use it only when you need something not in the API (e.g. rendered MathJax, ads context).
+
+```python
+import re, html as htmllib
+headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36"}
+page = http_get("https://stackoverflow.com/questions/231767/what-does-the-yield-keyword-do-in-python", headers=headers)
+print("HTML length:", len(page))   # 777138
+
+# Page title (includes site suffix)
+title_m = re.search(r'<title>([^<]+)</title>', page)
+if title_m:
+    print(htmllib.unescape(title_m.group(1)))
+# 'iterator - What does the "yield" keyword do in Python? - Stack Overflow'
+
+# Answer count via itemprop
+ans_count = re.search(r'itemprop="answerCount"[^>]*>(\d+)<', page)
+if ans_count:
+    print("Answers:", ans_count.group(1))   # '51'
+
+# Score via itemprop (has whitespace around number)
+score_m = re.search(r'itemprop="upvoteCount"[^>]*>\s*(-?\d+)\s*<', page)
+if score_m:
+    print("Score:", score_m.group(1))   # '13133'
+
+# JSON-LD is present but only has WebSite and Organization — NOT QAPage/Question
+ld_match = re.search(r'<script type="application/ld\+json">(.*?)</script>', page, re.DOTALL)
+if ld_match:
+    d = json.loads(ld_match.group(1))
+    types = [item.get('@type') for item in d.get('@graph', [])]
+    print("JSON-LD types:", types)   # ['WebSite', 'Organization'] — no QAPage
+```
+
+---
+
+## Gotchas
+
+- **300 req/day unauthenticated is per IP, resets at midnight UTC.** 6 tests consumed ~27 quota units in one session. With parallel workers and loops, you can burn through 300 in minutes. Always check `quota_remaining` in responses.
+
+- **`filter=withbody` is required for body content.** Without it, `body` is simply absent from the response — no error, no empty string, just a missing key. Applies to questions, answers, AND comments.
+
+- **Title field has HTML entities, body field has full HTML markup.** They need different decoding strategies: `html.unescape()` for titles, `HTMLParser` stripping for bodies. Don't confuse them.
+
+- **Titles in API responses contain `&quot;`, `&lt;`, `&amp;`, `&#39;`** — raw output is `What does the &quot;yield&quot; keyword do in Python?`. Always call `html.unescape()` before displaying or comparing.
+
+- **Batch IDs with semicolons, not commas.** `/questions/231767;419163;394809` fetches 3 questions in one API call. Using commas returns a 400 error.
+
+- **`search/advanced` includes body text in results; `/search` only searches titles.** Use `search/advanced` with `q=` for full-text search. Use `/search` with `intitle=` for title-only.
+
+- **HTTP errors are raised as exceptions, not returned as JSON.** A bad `site=` param causes `urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` — there's no JSON body accessible from `http_get`. Wrap API calls in try/except.
+
+- **`backoff` in the response envelope must be respected.** If `data.get('backoff')` returns an integer (rare, typically 10–30 seconds), sleep that duration before the next call. Ignoring it will cause throttle errors on subsequent requests.
+
+- **`/info` endpoint wraps stats inside `items[0]`**, not directly in the envelope. Access as `data['items'][0]['total_questions']`.
+
+- **JSON-LD on the HTML page is NOT QAPage schema.** The `<script type="application/ld+json">` block only contains `WebSite` and `Organization` objects in the `@graph` array. There is no `Question`, `Answer`, or `QAPage` type — confirmed on the most-voted Python question (231767). Don't rely on structured data from the HTML page.
+
+- **User timeline `timeline_type` can be `badge`, `question`, `answer`, `comment`, `revision`, `suggested_edit`, `accepted`.** For very old/inactive users, all recent events may be `badge` only.
+
+- **Multi-site support.** Change `site=stackoverflow` to any Stack Exchange site: `site=superuser`, `site=serverfault`, `site=askubuntu`, `site=unix`, `site=datascience`, `site=math`. Same API, same quota pool per IP.
+
+- **`pagesize` max is 100.** Requesting more returns a 400 error. For bulk fetching, loop with `page=` and check `has_more`.