@oneuptime/common 12.0.34 → 13.0.1

package/Server/Utils/Telemetry/VMwareSnapshotScan.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1352 @@
+import ColumnLength from "../../../Types/Database/ColumnLength";
+import OneUptimeDate from "../../../Types/Date";
+import { JSONArray, JSONObject, JSONValue } from "../../../Types/JSON";
+import { VMwareResourceKind } from "../../../Types/Monitor/MonitorStepVMwareMonitor";
+import logger from "../Logger";
+import crypto from "crypto";
+
+/*
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * VMware snapshot scan — pure fold & derive helpers
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Modelled on ProxmoxCephSnapshotScan.ts (the Proxmox half). The
+ * ingest service owns the I/O: it walks the OTLP payload, calls
+ * bufferVMwareSnapshotMetric per datapoint, and at flush time maps the
+ * folded buffers through computeVMwareIsPoweredOn /
+ * deriveVMwareResourceLatestMetric / deriveVMwareVCenterSnapshotExtras
+ * before handing the results to VMwareResourceService /
+ * VMwareVCenterService. Everything in this module is pure (Map/object
+ * mutation only — no DB, no network), which is what makes the
+ * snapshot-scan semantics unit-testable:
+ *
+ *   - identity attributes fold first-non-null-wins; status/metric
+ *     fields fold newest-observedAt-wins,
+ *   - count metrics that fan out over datapoint attributes (status,
+ *     power_state, effective) are SUMMED across the datapoints of the
+ *     newest timestamp — never "newest datapoint wins",
+ *   - vCenter count columns are only derived when the batch carried at
+ *     least one resource of that kind (never zero a count on a partial
+ *     batch — the COALESCE-per-column contract),
+ *   - non-allow-listed metric names are skipped via the exported
+ *     VMWARE_SNAPSHOT_METRIC_NAMES set,
+ *   - every externalId is length-bound to VMwareResource.externalId's
+ *     ShortText (100) column by boundVMwareExternalId: an id longer
+ *     than 100 chars becomes an 83-char prefix + "~" + the first 16 hex
+ *     chars of the sha1 of the FULL id, so two distinct long inventory
+ *     paths (sibling sub-pools under a deep cluster path, the
+ *     vm/<dc>/<host>/<name> fallback) can never clamp to the same
+ *     unique-index key downstream. The full path stays in the LongText
+ *     resourcePoolPath column for display.
+ *
+ * KEY DIFFERENCE from Proxmox: the OpenTelemetry Collector `vcenter`
+ * receiver emits one OTLP resource per vSphere object and carries the
+ * object's identity in that resource's attributes
+ * (vcenter.datacenter.name, vcenter.cluster.name, vcenter.host.name,
+ * vcenter.vm.name / vcenter.vm.id, vcenter.vm_template.*,
+ * vcenter.datastore.name, vcenter.resource_pool.*, vcenter.virtual_app.*)
+ * — not in datapoint labels the way pve-exporter does. The buffer
+ * function therefore takes the resource attribute map alongside the
+ * datapoint; the datapoint attributes only carry the fan-out
+ * dimensions (disk_state, power_state, status, effective, type).
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Every metric the §3 metric → column table references. The ingest
+ * service gates on this Set before calling bufferVMwareSnapshotMetric so
+ * the ~40 perf series (latency, throughput, packet rates, vSAN, …) that
+ * only live in ClickHouse never pay for a fold.
+ *
+ * vcenter.vm.cpu.* are also the powered-on signal: the receiver emits
+ * them ONLY for powered-on virtual machines (see computeVMwareIsPoweredOn).
+ */
+export const VMWARE_SNAPSHOT_METRIC_NAMES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
+  // ESXi host
+  "vcenter.host.cpu.utilization",
+  "vcenter.host.cpu.usage",
+  "vcenter.host.cpu.capacity",
+  "vcenter.host.memory.usage",
+  "vcenter.host.memory.capacity",
+  "vcenter.host.memory.utilization",
+  // Virtual machine (and VM template: vcenter.vm.disk.usage only)
+  "vcenter.vm.cpu.utilization",
+  "vcenter.vm.cpu.usage",
+  "vcenter.vm.cpu.readiness",
+  "vcenter.vm.memory.usage",
+  "vcenter.vm.memory.utilization",
+  "vcenter.vm.memory.ballooned",
+  "vcenter.vm.memory.swapped",
+  "vcenter.vm.disk.usage",
+  "vcenter.vm.disk.utilization",
+  // Datastore
+  "vcenter.datastore.disk.usage",
+  "vcenter.datastore.disk.utilization",
+  // Cluster
+  "vcenter.cluster.cpu.limit",
+  "vcenter.cluster.cpu.effective",
+  "vcenter.cluster.memory.limit",
+  "vcenter.cluster.memory.effective",
+  "vcenter.cluster.host.count",
+  "vcenter.cluster.vm.count",
+  "vcenter.cluster.vm_template.count",
+  // Datacenter
+  "vcenter.datacenter.cpu.limit",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.memory.limit",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.disk.space",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.host.count",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.vm.count",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.cluster.count",
+  "vcenter.datacenter.datastore.count",
+  // Resource pool
+  "vcenter.resource_pool.cpu.usage",
+  "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.usage",
+  "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.ballooned",
+  "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.swapped",
+]);
+
+// The receiver reports host / VM / resource-pool memory in MiBy.
+const MEBIBYTE: number = 1024 * 1024;
+
+/*
+ * A count that fans out over datapoint attribute values (one datapoint
+ * per status × power_state, per effective flag, …). Folded per
+ * (resource, column): a newer timestamp resets the sum, an equal
+ * timestamp adds, an older one is ignored — so the column always holds
+ * the complete sum of the newest collection in the batch.
+ */
+export interface VMwareSummedCount {
+  value: number;
+  observedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The identity of one vSphere object, resolved from the OTLP resource
+ * attributes the vcenter receiver stamps. `kind` / `externalId` are the
+ * buffer key and the unique-index members of VMwareResource.
+ */
+export interface VMwareResourceIdentity {
+  kind: string; // VMwareResourceKind
+  externalId: string;
+  name: string | null;
+  datacenterName: string | null;
+  clusterName: string | null;
+  hostName: string | null;
+  resourcePoolName: string | null;
+  resourcePoolPath: string | null;
+  virtualAppName: string | null;
+  vmInstanceUuid: string | null;
+  isTemplate: boolean | null; // VirtualMachine rows only
+}
+
+/*
+ * One VMware resource (Datacenter / Cluster / Host / VirtualMachine /
+ * Datastore / ResourcePool) folded across a batch. Identity attributes
+ * are first-non-null-wins (stable for the lifetime of the object);
+ * status / metric fields are newest-observedAt-wins; count fields are
+ * summed per VMwareSummedCount.
+ */
+export interface VMwareResourceBufferEntry extends VMwareResourceIdentity {
+  /*
+   * Powered-on inference inputs (VirtualMachine rows only). The receiver
+   * emits vcenter.vm.cpu.* solely for powered-on VMs, and the agent
+   * config forbids splitting one collection across exports, so within
+   * one batch "carried a CPU point" ⇔ "powered on". See
+   * computeVMwareIsPoweredOn.
+   */
+  sawCpuMetric: boolean;
+  sawNonCpuMetric: boolean;
+  // Latest-metric mirror (VMwareResource columns).
+  latestCpuPercent: number | null;
+  latestCpuMhz: number | null;
+  cpuCapacityMhz: number | null;
+  cpuEffectiveMhz: number | null;
+  latestMemoryBytes: number | null;
+  /*
+   * host.memory.capacity / cluster|datacenter.memory.limit as reported.
+   * Host and VM rows may derive a fallback from usage ÷ utilization at
+   * flush time — see deriveVMwareResourceLatestMetric.
+   */
+  maxMemoryBytes: number | null;
+  memoryEffectiveBytes: number | null;
+  latestMemoryPercent: number | null;
+  /*
+   * vm|datastore.disk.usage / datacenter.disk.space fan out over
+   * disk_state (used | available); kept separately so the pair can
+   * arrive in either order. latestDiskBytes = used, maxDiskBytes =
+   * used + available (derived at flush).
+   */
+  diskUsedBytes: number | null;
+  diskAvailableBytes: number | null;
+  latestDiskPercent: number | null;
+  cpuReadinessPercent: number | null;
+  memoryBalloonedBytes: number | null;
+  memorySwappedBytes: number | null;
+  // Summed counts (Cluster / Datacenter rows).
+  hostCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  effectiveHostCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  poweredOnHostCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  vmCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  poweredOnVmCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  vmTemplateCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  datastoreCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  clusterCount: VMwareSummedCount | null;
+  observedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Per-vCenter snapshot state. The saw* flags implement the
+ * never-zero-a-count-on-a-partial-batch contract: a vCenter count
+ * column is only written when the batch carried at least one resource
+ * of that kind.
+ */
+export interface VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry {
+  sawDatacenter: boolean;
+  sawCluster: boolean;
+  sawHost: boolean;
+  sawVirtualMachine: boolean; // VM or template rows
+  sawDatastore: boolean;
+  sawResourcePool: boolean;
+}
+
+// The VMwareVCenter snapshot columns derived from one folded batch.
+export interface VMwareVCenterSnapshotExtras {
+  datacenterCount?: number | undefined;
+  clusterCount?: number | undefined;
+  hostCount?: number | undefined;
+  vmCount?: number | undefined;
+  poweredOnVmCount?: number | undefined;
+  datastoreCount?: number | undefined;
+  resourcePoolCount?: number | undefined;
+  datastoreCapacityBytes?: number | undefined;
+  datastoreUsedBytes?: number | undefined;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The latest-metric mirror derived from one folded entry — structurally
+ * identical to VMwareResourceService's VMwareResourceLatestMetric, kept
+ * local so this module stays free of service imports.
+ */
+export interface VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot {
+  kind: string;
+  externalId: string;
+  cpuPercent: number | null;
+  cpuMhz: number | null;
+  cpuCapacityMhz: number | null;
+  cpuEffectiveMhz: number | null;
+  memoryBytes: number | null;
+  maxMemoryBytes: number | null;
+  memoryEffectiveBytes: number | null;
+  memoryPercent: number | null;
+  diskBytes: number | null;
+  maxDiskBytes: number | null;
+  diskPercent: number | null;
+  cpuReadinessPercent: number | null;
+  memoryBalloonedBytes: number | null;
+  memorySwappedBytes: number | null;
+  hostCount: number | null;
+  effectiveHostCount: number | null;
+  poweredOnHostCount: number | null;
+  vmCount: number | null;
+  poweredOnVmCount: number | null;
+  vmTemplateCount: number | null;
+  datastoreCount: number | null;
+  clusterCount: number | null;
+  observedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Same finite-or-null coercion contract as the ingest service's
+ * toNumberOrNull (NaN / ±Infinity fold to null so a malformed
+ * datapoint is skipped rather than poisoning a snapshot column).
+ */
+function toNumberOrNull(value: unknown): number | null {
+  if (typeof value === "number") {
+    return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    const parsed: number = Number.parseFloat(value);
+    return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Same fall-back-to-now parse contract as the ingest service's
+ * safeParseUnixNano — only the Date is needed on the snapshot path.
+ */
+function parseUnixNanoToDate(
+  value: string | number | undefined,
+  context: string,
+): Date {
+  if (value !== undefined && value !== null) {
+    try {
+      if (typeof value === "string") {
+        const trimmed: string = value.trim();
+        if (trimmed === "" || isNaN(Number(trimmed))) {
+          throw new Error(`Invalid timestamp string: ${value}`);
+        }
+        /*
+         * Hand the raw nanosecond string to fromUnixNano so it can divide
+         * with BigInt — nanosecond epochs exceed Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, so
+         * parsing to a float here would drop up to a full millisecond.
+         */
+        return OneUptimeDate.fromUnixNano(trimmed);
+      }
+      if (typeof value === "number") {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+          throw new Error(`Invalid timestamp number: ${value}`);
+        }
+        return OneUptimeDate.fromUnixNano(value);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn(
+        `Error processing ${context}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}, using current time`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  return OneUptimeDate.getCurrentDate();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read one OTLP AnyValue as a trimmed string. Unlike the Proxmox reader
+ * this also accepts boolValue / intValue / doubleValue: the vcenter
+ * receiver's `effective` dimension is a real boolean on the wire and
+ * OneUptime stores it as the string "true" / "false" (which is also how
+ * monitor criteria filter it).
+ */
+function anyValueToString(value: JSONValue | undefined): string | null {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const anyValue: JSONObject = value as JSONObject;
+  if (typeof anyValue["stringValue"] === "string") {
+    const trimmed: string = (anyValue["stringValue"] as string).trim();
+    return trimmed ? trimmed : null;
+  }
+  if (typeof anyValue["boolValue"] === "boolean") {
+    return anyValue["boolValue"] ? "true" : "false";
+  }
+  if (
+    typeof anyValue["intValue"] === "number" ||
+    typeof anyValue["intValue"] === "string"
+  ) {
+    const trimmed: string = String(anyValue["intValue"]).trim();
+    return trimmed ? trimmed : null;
+  }
+  if (typeof anyValue["doubleValue"] === "number") {
+    return String(anyValue["doubleValue"]);
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// Same trim-or-null read contract as OtelIngestBaseService.getStringAttribute.
+function getDatapointAttribute(
+  attributes: JSONArray,
+  key: string,
+): string | null {
+  for (const attribute of attributes) {
+    if (attribute["key"] === key) {
+      const parsed: string | null = anyValueToString(attribute["value"]);
+      if (parsed !== null) {
+        return parsed;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build the UNprefixed resource attribute map the buffer function reads
+ * from the raw OTLP resource attribute array. Only scalar values are
+ * kept (identity attributes are all strings); nested / array values are
+ * not vSphere identity and are dropped.
+ */
+export function toVMwareResourceAttributeMap(
+  attributes: JSONArray | undefined | null,
+): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const map: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  if (!attributes) {
+    return map;
+  }
+  for (const attribute of attributes) {
+    const key: JSONValue | undefined = attribute["key"];
+    if (typeof key !== "string" || !key) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const parsed: string | null = anyValueToString(attribute["value"]);
+    if (parsed !== null) {
+      map[key] = parsed;
+    }
+  }
+  return map;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a resource attribute by its semconv-native key. Accepts both the
+ * bare key (the map toVMwareResourceAttributeMap builds) and the
+ * `resource.`-prefixed spelling (the merged metricAttributes map the
+ * K8s / cloud scans read), so either input shape resolves identically.
+ */
+function readResourceAttribute(
+  attributes: Record<string, unknown>,
+  key: string,
+): string | null {
+  const candidates: Array<unknown> = [
+    attributes[key],
+    attributes[`resource.${key}`],
+  ];
+  for (const raw of candidates) {
+    if (typeof raw === "string") {
+      const trimmed: string = raw.trim();
+      if (trimmed) {
+        return trimmed;
+      }
+    } else if (typeof raw === "number" && Number.isFinite(raw)) {
+      return String(raw);
+    } else if (typeof raw === "boolean") {
+      return raw ? "true" : "false";
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hex chars of sha1 kept in a bound externalId. 16 hex = 64 bits: the
+ * chance of two distinct paths in one vCenter sharing a prefix AND a
+ * suffix is negligible, and the id stays readable at a glance.
+ */
+const BOUND_EXTERNAL_ID_HASH_CHARS: number = 16;
+const BOUND_EXTERNAL_ID_SEPARATOR: string = "~";
+
+/*
+ * Bound an externalId to VMwareResource.externalId's ShortText (100)
+ * column WITHOUT letting two distinct ids collapse onto the same key.
+ *
+ * VMwareResourceService clamps identity to 100 chars with
+ * truncateShortText, and the ingest buffer keys on the raw id, so a
+ * plain clamp would let two vSphere objects whose ids only differ past
+ * character 100 (sibling sub-pools under a long
+ * `/<dc>/host/<cluster>/Resources/<pool>/<subpool>` path — vSphere
+ * allows 80-char datacenter / cluster / pool names — or the
+ * vm/<dc>/<host>/<name> fallback) share one row: bulkUpsert would merge
+ * them (or, when both land in the same INSERT chunk, fail the whole
+ * chunk with Postgres 21000 "ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot
+ * affect row a second time"), and the vCenter resourcePoolCount would
+ * disagree with the inventory list.
+ *
+ * Ids of <= 100 chars are returned unchanged (every Proxmox-style short
+ * id, every vm/<instance uuid>). Longer ids become a deterministic
+ * `<first 83 chars>~<first 16 hex of sha1(full id)>` — exactly 100
+ * chars, stable across calls and processes, collision-resistant because
+ * the suffix hashes the FULL id. The full inventory path is still
+ * stored in the LongText resourcePoolPath column for display.
+ */
+export function boundVMwareExternalId(id: string): string {
+  const maxLength: number = ColumnLength.ShortText;
+  if (id.length <= maxLength) {
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  const digest: string = crypto
+    .createHash("sha1")
+    .update(id)
+    .digest("hex")
+    .substring(0, BOUND_EXTERNAL_ID_HASH_CHARS);
+  const prefixLength: number =
+    maxLength - BOUND_EXTERNAL_ID_SEPARATOR.length - digest.length;
+
+  return `${id.substring(0, prefixLength)}${BOUND_EXTERNAL_ID_SEPARATOR}${digest}`;
+}
+
+/*
+ * externalId scheme (immutable, collision-free within a vCenter; the
+ * detail route URL-encodes it as a path param):
+ *   datacenter/<dc>            cluster/<dc>/<cluster>
+ *   host/<dc>/<host>           vm/<vcenter.vm.id | vcenter.vm_template.id>
+ *   datastore/<dc>/<datastore> resourcepool/<inventory path>
+ * A missing component (a receiver build that omits an attribute) is
+ * dropped rather than rendered as an empty segment, so the id stays
+ * deterministic and readable ("host/esx1" instead of "host//esx1").
+ * The joined id is then passed through boundVMwareExternalId, so every
+ * kind — not just resource pools — fits the 100-char column without
+ * two long ids ever clamping to the same key.
+ */
+function joinExternalId(
+  prefix: string,
+  ...parts: Array<string | null>
+): string {
+  const present: Array<string> = parts.filter((part: string | null) => {
+    return part !== null && part !== "";
+  }) as Array<string>;
+  return boundVMwareExternalId([prefix, ...present].join("/"));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Resolve which vSphere object an OTLP resource describes, most specific
+ * first (a VM resource also carries vcenter.host.name, a host resource
+ * also carries vcenter.cluster.name, and everything carries
+ * vcenter.datacenter.name):
+ *   1. vcenter.vm.id / vcenter.vm.name          → VirtualMachine (isTemplate=false)
+ *   2. vcenter.vm_template.id / .name           → VirtualMachine (isTemplate=true)
+ *   3. vcenter.resource_pool.inventory_path     → ResourcePool
+ *   4. vcenter.host.name                        → Host
+ *   5. vcenter.datastore.name                   → Datastore
+ *   6. vcenter.cluster.name                     → Cluster
+ *   7. only vcenter.datacenter.name             → Datacenter
+ * Anything with none of these is not an inventory row (null).
+ */
+export function resolveVMwareResourceIdentity(
+  resourceAttributes: Record<string, unknown>,
+): VMwareResourceIdentity | null {
+  const read: (key: string) => string | null = (key: string) => {
+    return readResourceAttribute(resourceAttributes, key);
+  };
+
+  const datacenterName: string | null = read("vcenter.datacenter.name");
+  const clusterName: string | null = read("vcenter.cluster.name");
+  const hostName: string | null = read("vcenter.host.name");
+  const resourcePoolName: string | null = read("vcenter.resource_pool.name");
+  const resourcePoolPath: string | null = read(
+    "vcenter.resource_pool.inventory_path",
+  );
+  const virtualAppName: string | null = read("vcenter.virtual_app.name");
+  const virtualAppPath: string | null = read(
+    "vcenter.virtual_app.inventory_path",
+  );
+
+  const base: Omit<VMwareResourceIdentity, "kind" | "externalId" | "name"> = {
+    datacenterName,
+    clusterName,
+    hostName,
+    resourcePoolName,
+    /*
+     * The inventory path column doubles for vApps: a VM inside a vApp
+     * carries vcenter.virtual_app.* instead of vcenter.resource_pool.*.
+     */
+    resourcePoolPath: resourcePoolPath ?? virtualAppPath,
+    virtualAppName,
+    vmInstanceUuid: null,
+    isTemplate: null,
+  };
+
+  // 1. Virtual machine.
+  const vmId: string | null = read("vcenter.vm.id");
+  const vmName: string | null = read("vcenter.vm.name");
+  if (vmId || vmName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine,
+      externalId: vmId
+        ? joinExternalId("vm", vmId)
+        : joinExternalId("vm", datacenterName, hostName, vmName),
+      name: vmName,
+      vmInstanceUuid: vmId,
+      isTemplate: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 2. VM template.
+  const templateId: string | null = read("vcenter.vm_template.id");
+  const templateName: string | null = read("vcenter.vm_template.name");
+  if (templateId || templateName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine,
+      externalId: templateId
+        ? joinExternalId("vm", templateId)
+        : joinExternalId("vm", datacenterName, hostName, templateName),
+      name: templateName,
+      vmInstanceUuid: templateId,
+      isTemplate: true,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 3. Resource pool (under a cluster, or on a standalone ESXi host).
+  if (resourcePoolPath) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.ResourcePool,
+      externalId: joinExternalId("resourcepool", resourcePoolPath),
+      name: resourcePoolName,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 4. ESXi host.
+  if (hostName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.Host,
+      externalId: joinExternalId("host", datacenterName, hostName),
+      name: hostName,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 5. Datastore.
+  const datastoreName: string | null = read("vcenter.datastore.name");
+  if (datastoreName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.Datastore,
+      externalId: joinExternalId("datastore", datacenterName, datastoreName),
+      name: datastoreName,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 6. Cluster.
+  if (clusterName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.Cluster,
+      externalId: joinExternalId("cluster", datacenterName, clusterName),
+      name: clusterName,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 7. Datacenter.
+  if (datacenterName) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      kind: VMwareResourceKind.Datacenter,
+      externalId: joinExternalId("datacenter", datacenterName),
+      name: datacenterName,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+export function getOrCreateVMwareVCenterSnapshot(
+  buffer: Map<string, VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry>,
+  vcenterIdStr: string,
+): VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry {
+  let entry: VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry | undefined =
+    buffer.get(vcenterIdStr);
+  if (!entry) {
+    entry = {
+      sawDatacenter: false,
+      sawCluster: false,
+      sawHost: false,
+      sawVirtualMachine: false,
+      sawDatastore: false,
+      sawResourcePool: false,
+    };
+    buffer.set(vcenterIdStr, entry);
+  }
+  return entry;
+}
+
+function emptyPatch(
+  identity: VMwareResourceIdentity,
+  observedAt: Date,
+): VMwareResourceBufferEntry {
+  return {
+    ...identity,
+    sawCpuMetric: false,
+    sawNonCpuMetric: false,
+    latestCpuPercent: null,
+    latestCpuMhz: null,
+    cpuCapacityMhz: null,
+    cpuEffectiveMhz: null,
+    latestMemoryBytes: null,
+    maxMemoryBytes: null,
+    memoryEffectiveBytes: null,
+    latestMemoryPercent: null,
+    diskUsedBytes: null,
+    diskAvailableBytes: null,
+    latestDiskPercent: null,
+    cpuReadinessPercent: null,
+    memoryBalloonedBytes: null,
+    memorySwappedBytes: null,
+    hostCount: null,
+    effectiveHostCount: null,
+    poweredOnHostCount: null,
+    vmCount: null,
+    poweredOnVmCount: null,
+    vmTemplateCount: null,
+    datastoreCount: null,
+    clusterCount: null,
+    observedAt,
+  };
+}
+
+function wholeBytes(value: number): number {
+  return Math.max(0, Math.trunc(value));
+}
+
+function mebibytesToBytes(value: number): number {
+  return wholeBytes(value * MEBIBYTE);
+}
+
+function wholeCount(value: number): number {
+  return Math.max(0, Math.trunc(value));
+}
+
+/*
+ * The vSphere object kind a metric name belongs to, by its second
+ * segment. A metric folded onto a resource of another kind (impossible
+ * from the stock receiver, but cheap to guard) is dropped rather than
+ * mis-mapped: a VM resource carries vcenter.host.name too, so the guard
+ * is what keeps a hand-rolled vcenter.host.* series from polluting a
+ * VM row.
+ */
+function metricKindOf(metricName: string): string | null {
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.host.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.Host;
+  }
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.vm.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine;
+  }
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.datastore.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.Datastore;
+  }
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.cluster.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.Cluster;
+  }
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.datacenter.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.Datacenter;
+  }
+  if (metricName.startsWith("vcenter.resource_pool.")) {
+    return VMwareResourceKind.ResourcePool;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function markKindSeen(
+  snap: VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry,
+  kind: string,
+): void {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case VMwareResourceKind.Datacenter:
+      snap.sawDatacenter = true;
+      break;
+    case VMwareResourceKind.Cluster:
+      snap.sawCluster = true;
+      break;
+    case VMwareResourceKind.Host:
+      snap.sawHost = true;
+      break;
+    case VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine:
+      snap.sawVirtualMachine = true;
+      break;
+    case VMwareResourceKind.Datastore:
+      snap.sawDatastore = true;
+      break;
+    case VMwareResourceKind.ResourcePool:
+      snap.sawResourcePool = true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fold one vcenter.* datapoint into the per-vCenter buffers. Identity
+ * comes from the RESOURCE attributes (pass the raw, unprefixed map from
+ * toVMwareResourceAttributeMap — the `resource.`-prefixed spelling is
+ * accepted too); the datapoint attributes only carry fan-out dimensions.
+ */
+export function bufferVMwareSnapshotMetric(data: {
+  vcenterIdStr: string;
+  metricName: string;
+  resourceAttributes: Record<string, unknown>;
+  datapoint: JSONObject;
+  resourceBuffer: Map<string, Map<string, VMwareResourceBufferEntry>>;
+  vcenterBuffer: Map<string, VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry>;
+}): void {
+  const valueFromInt: number | null = toNumberOrNull(data.datapoint["asInt"]);
+  const valueFromDouble: number | null = toNumberOrNull(
+    data.datapoint["asDouble"],
+  );
+  const rawValue: number | null = valueFromDouble ?? valueFromInt;
+  if (rawValue === null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const identity: VMwareResourceIdentity | null = resolveVMwareResourceIdentity(
+    data.resourceAttributes,
+  );
+  if (!identity) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const metricKind: string | null = metricKindOf(data.metricName);
+  if (metricKind === null || metricKind !== identity.kind) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const observedAt: Date = parseUnixNanoToDate(
+    data.datapoint["timeUnixNano"] as string | number | undefined,
+    "vcenter snapshot timeUnixNano",
+  );
+
+  const dpAttributes: JSONArray =
+    (data.datapoint["attributes"] as JSONArray) || [];
+
+  const patch: VMwareResourceBufferEntry = emptyPatch(identity, observedAt);
+  const summed: (matches: boolean) => VMwareSummedCount = (
+    matches: boolean,
+  ) => {
+    return { value: matches ? wholeCount(rawValue) : 0, observedAt };
+  };
+
+  switch (data.metricName) {
+    // ---- ESXi host -------------------------------------------------
+    case "vcenter.host.cpu.utilization": {
+      patch.latestCpuPercent = rawValue;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.host.cpu.usage": {
+      patch.latestCpuMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.host.cpu.capacity": {
+      patch.cpuCapacityMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.host.memory.usage": {
+      patch.latestMemoryBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.host.memory.capacity": {
+      patch.maxMemoryBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.host.memory.utilization": {
+      patch.latestMemoryPercent = rawValue;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Virtual machine ------------------------------------------
+    case "vcenter.vm.cpu.utilization": {
+      patch.latestCpuPercent = rawValue;
+      patch.sawCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.cpu.usage": {
+      patch.latestCpuMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      patch.sawCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.cpu.readiness": {
+      patch.cpuReadinessPercent = rawValue;
+      patch.sawCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.memory.usage": {
+      patch.latestMemoryBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.memory.utilization": {
+      patch.latestMemoryPercent = rawValue;
+      patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.memory.ballooned": {
+      patch.memoryBalloonedBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.memory.swapped": {
+      patch.memorySwappedBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.disk.usage":
+    case "vcenter.datastore.disk.usage":
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.disk.space": {
+      /*
+       * Fan-out over disk_state: one datapoint for `used`, one for
+       * `available`. Any other (or missing) state carries no signal.
+       */
+      const diskState: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(
+        dpAttributes,
+        "disk_state",
+      );
+      if (diskState === "used") {
+        patch.diskUsedBytes = wholeBytes(rawValue);
+      } else if (diskState === "available") {
+        patch.diskAvailableBytes = wholeBytes(rawValue);
+      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (identity.kind === VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine) {
+        patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.vm.disk.utilization":
+    case "vcenter.datastore.disk.utilization": {
+      patch.latestDiskPercent = rawValue;
+      if (identity.kind === VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine) {
+        patch.sawNonCpuMetric = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Cluster ---------------------------------------------------
+    case "vcenter.cluster.cpu.limit":
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.cpu.limit": {
+      patch.cpuCapacityMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.cpu.effective": {
+      patch.cpuEffectiveMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.memory.limit":
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.memory.limit": {
+      // Already bytes (unlike host / VM memory, which is MiBy).
+      patch.maxMemoryBytes = wholeBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.memory.effective": {
+      patch.memoryEffectiveBytes = wholeBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.host.count": {
+      const effective: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(
+        dpAttributes,
+        "effective",
+      );
+      patch.hostCount = summed(true);
+      patch.effectiveHostCount = summed(effective === "true");
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.vm.count": {
+      const powerState: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(
+        dpAttributes,
+        "power_state",
+      );
+      patch.vmCount = summed(true);
+      patch.poweredOnVmCount = summed(powerState === "on");
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.cluster.vm_template.count": {
+      patch.vmTemplateCount = summed(true);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Datacenter ------------------------------------------------
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.host.count": {
+      const powerState: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(
+        dpAttributes,
+        "power_state",
+      );
+      patch.hostCount = summed(true);
+      patch.poweredOnHostCount = summed(powerState === "on");
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.vm.count": {
+      const powerState: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(
+        dpAttributes,
+        "power_state",
+      );
+      patch.vmCount = summed(true);
+      patch.poweredOnVmCount = summed(powerState === "on");
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.cluster.count": {
+      patch.clusterCount = summed(true);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.datacenter.datastore.count": {
+      patch.datastoreCount = summed(true);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Resource pool ---------------------------------------------
+    case "vcenter.resource_pool.cpu.usage": {
+      patch.latestCpuMhz = wholeCount(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.usage": {
+      /*
+       * Fans out over `type` (guest | host | overhead). The guest
+       * consumption is the pool's memory usage; a receiver build without
+       * the dimension reports the same number untyped.
+       */
+      const type: string | null = getDatapointAttribute(dpAttributes, "type");
+      if (type !== null && type !== "guest") {
+        return;
+      }
+      patch.latestMemoryBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.ballooned": {
+      patch.memoryBalloonedBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "vcenter.resource_pool.memory.swapped": {
+      patch.memorySwappedBytes = mebibytesToBytes(rawValue);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const snap: VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry =
+    getOrCreateVMwareVCenterSnapshot(data.vcenterBuffer, data.vcenterIdStr);
+  markKindSeen(snap, identity.kind);
+
+  foldVMwareResourceSnapshot({
+    buffer: data.resourceBuffer,
+    vcenterIdStr: data.vcenterIdStr,
+    patch,
+  });
+}
+
+/*
+ * Summed-count fold: a newer timestamp resets the sum, an equal
+ * timestamp adds, an older one is ignored.
+ */
+function foldSummedCount(
+  existing: VMwareSummedCount | null,
+  patch: VMwareSummedCount | null,
+): VMwareSummedCount | null {
+  if (patch === null) {
+    return existing;
+  }
+  if (existing === null) {
+    return { value: patch.value, observedAt: patch.observedAt };
+  }
+  if (patch.observedAt > existing.observedAt) {
+    return { value: patch.value, observedAt: patch.observedAt };
+  }
+  if (patch.observedAt.getTime() === existing.observedAt.getTime()) {
+    existing.value += patch.value;
+  }
+  return existing;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Merge a patch into the per-vCenter buffer: identity attributes are
+ * first-non-null-wins (stable, and a batch missing an attribute must
+ * not blank them), status/metric fields are newest-observedAt-wins
+ * (K8s buffer semantics), counts fold per foldSummedCount, and the
+ * powered-on flags are sticky for the batch.
+ */
+export function foldVMwareResourceSnapshot(data: {
+  buffer: Map<string, Map<string, VMwareResourceBufferEntry>>;
+  vcenterIdStr: string;
+  patch: VMwareResourceBufferEntry;
+}): void {
+  let perVCenter: Map<string, VMwareResourceBufferEntry> | undefined =
+    data.buffer.get(data.vcenterIdStr);
+  if (!perVCenter) {
+    perVCenter = new Map();
+    data.buffer.set(data.vcenterIdStr, perVCenter);
+  }
+  const key: string = `${data.patch.kind}|${data.patch.externalId}`;
+  const existing: VMwareResourceBufferEntry | undefined = perVCenter.get(key);
+  if (!existing) {
+    perVCenter.set(key, data.patch);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const patch: VMwareResourceBufferEntry = data.patch;
+  const newer: boolean = patch.observedAt >= existing.observedAt;
+
+  // Identity: first-non-null wins.
+  const identityFields: Array<
+    | "name"
+    | "datacenterName"
+    | "clusterName"
+    | "hostName"
+    | "resourcePoolName"
+    | "resourcePoolPath"
+    | "virtualAppName"
+    | "vmInstanceUuid"
+  > = [
+    "name",
+    "datacenterName",
+    "clusterName",
+    "hostName",
+    "resourcePoolName",
+    "resourcePoolPath",
+    "virtualAppName",
+    "vmInstanceUuid",
+  ];
+  for (const field of identityFields) {
+    if (existing[field] === null && patch[field] !== null) {
+      existing[field] = patch[field];
+    }
+  }
+  if (existing.isTemplate === null && patch.isTemplate !== null) {
+    existing.isTemplate = patch.isTemplate;
+  }
+
+  // Powered-on evidence accumulates across the batch.
+  existing.sawCpuMetric = existing.sawCpuMetric || patch.sawCpuMetric;
+  existing.sawNonCpuMetric = existing.sawNonCpuMetric || patch.sawNonCpuMetric;
+
+  // Status / metrics: newest observation wins.
+  const metricFields: Array<
+    | "latestCpuPercent"
+    | "latestCpuMhz"
+    | "cpuCapacityMhz"
+    | "cpuEffectiveMhz"
+    | "latestMemoryBytes"
+    | "maxMemoryBytes"
+    | "memoryEffectiveBytes"
+    | "latestMemoryPercent"
+    | "diskUsedBytes"
+    | "diskAvailableBytes"
+    | "latestDiskPercent"
+    | "cpuReadinessPercent"
+    | "memoryBalloonedBytes"
+    | "memorySwappedBytes"
+  > = [
+    "latestCpuPercent",
+    "latestCpuMhz",
+    "cpuCapacityMhz",
+    "cpuEffectiveMhz",
+    "latestMemoryBytes",
+    "maxMemoryBytes",
+    "memoryEffectiveBytes",
+    "latestMemoryPercent",
+    "diskUsedBytes",
+    "diskAvailableBytes",
+    "latestDiskPercent",
+    "cpuReadinessPercent",
+    "memoryBalloonedBytes",
+    "memorySwappedBytes",
+  ];
+  for (const field of metricFields) {
+    if (patch[field] !== null && newer) {
+      existing[field] = patch[field];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Counts: summed across the newest timestamp.
+  existing.hostCount = foldSummedCount(existing.hostCount, patch.hostCount);
+  existing.effectiveHostCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.effectiveHostCount,
+    patch.effectiveHostCount,
+  );
+  existing.poweredOnHostCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.poweredOnHostCount,
+    patch.poweredOnHostCount,
+  );
+  existing.vmCount = foldSummedCount(existing.vmCount, patch.vmCount);
+  existing.poweredOnVmCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.poweredOnVmCount,
+    patch.poweredOnVmCount,
+  );
+  existing.vmTemplateCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.vmTemplateCount,
+    patch.vmTemplateCount,
+  );
+  existing.datastoreCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.datastoreCount,
+    patch.datastoreCount,
+  );
+  existing.clusterCount = foldSummedCount(
+    existing.clusterCount,
+    patch.clusterCount,
+  );
+
+  if (patch.observedAt > existing.observedAt) {
+    existing.observedAt = patch.observedAt;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Power state is inferred, not reported: the vcenter receiver emits
+ * vcenter.vm.cpu.usage / .cpu.utilization / .cpu.readiness ONLY for
+ * powered-on virtual machines, and the agent config forbids splitting a
+ * collection across exports (no send_batch_max_size), so within one
+ * batch:
+ *   - a VM whose resource carried any vcenter.vm.cpu.* point → true,
+ *   - a VM whose resource carried memory / disk points but no CPU
+ *     point → false (off or suspended — the receiver does not
+ *     distinguish; the UI says "Powered off"),
+ *   - a template, a non-VM row, or a VM with no VM points at all →
+ *     null (the upsert COALESCE keeps the last-known value).
+ */
+export function computeVMwareIsPoweredOn(
+  entry: VMwareResourceBufferEntry,
+): boolean | null {
+  if (entry.kind !== VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (entry.isTemplate === true) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (entry.sawCpuMetric) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (entry.sawNonCpuMetric) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function countValue(count: VMwareSummedCount | null): number | null {
+  return count === null ? null : count.value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Project one folded entry onto the VMwareResource latest-metric mirror
+ * columns, applying the derivations the §3 table specifies:
+ *   - maxDiskBytes = used + available (null unless both arrived),
+ *   - Datacenter latestDiskPercent = used ÷ (used + available) × 100,
+ *   - Host maxMemoryBytes falls back to usage × 100 ÷ utilization when
+ *     vcenter.host.memory.capacity is not enabled on the receiver,
+ *   - VirtualMachine maxMemoryBytes is always that derivation (the
+ *     receiver has no vm.memory.capacity metric).
+ */
+export function deriveVMwareResourceLatestMetric(
+  entry: VMwareResourceBufferEntry,
+): VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot {
+  const diskBytes: number | null = entry.diskUsedBytes;
+  const maxDiskBytes: number | null =
+    entry.diskUsedBytes !== null && entry.diskAvailableBytes !== null
+      ? entry.diskUsedBytes + entry.diskAvailableBytes
+      : null;
+
+  let diskPercent: number | null = entry.latestDiskPercent;
+  if (
+    diskPercent === null &&
+    entry.kind === VMwareResourceKind.Datacenter &&
+    diskBytes !== null &&
+    maxDiskBytes !== null &&
+    maxDiskBytes > 0
+  ) {
+    diskPercent = (diskBytes / maxDiskBytes) * 100;
+  }
+
+  let maxMemoryBytes: number | null = entry.maxMemoryBytes;
+  if (
+    maxMemoryBytes === null &&
+    (entry.kind === VMwareResourceKind.Host ||
+      entry.kind === VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine) &&
+    entry.latestMemoryBytes !== null &&
+    entry.latestMemoryPercent !== null &&
+    entry.latestMemoryPercent > 0
+  ) {
+    maxMemoryBytes = Math.trunc(
+      (entry.latestMemoryBytes * 100) / entry.latestMemoryPercent,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kind: entry.kind,
+    externalId: entry.externalId,
+    cpuPercent: entry.latestCpuPercent,
+    cpuMhz: entry.latestCpuMhz,
+    cpuCapacityMhz: entry.cpuCapacityMhz,
+    cpuEffectiveMhz: entry.cpuEffectiveMhz,
+    memoryBytes: entry.latestMemoryBytes,
+    maxMemoryBytes,
+    memoryEffectiveBytes: entry.memoryEffectiveBytes,
+    memoryPercent: entry.latestMemoryPercent,
+    diskBytes,
+    maxDiskBytes,
+    diskPercent,
+    cpuReadinessPercent: entry.cpuReadinessPercent,
+    memoryBalloonedBytes: entry.memoryBalloonedBytes,
+    memorySwappedBytes: entry.memorySwappedBytes,
+    hostCount: countValue(entry.hostCount),
+    effectiveHostCount: countValue(entry.effectiveHostCount),
+    poweredOnHostCount: countValue(entry.poweredOnHostCount),
+    vmCount: countValue(entry.vmCount),
+    poweredOnVmCount: countValue(entry.poweredOnVmCount),
+    vmTemplateCount: countValue(entry.vmTemplateCount),
+    datastoreCount: countValue(entry.datastoreCount),
+    clusterCount: countValue(entry.clusterCount),
+    observedAt: entry.observedAt,
+  };
+}
+
+/*
+ * Derive the VMwareVCenter snapshot columns from one folded batch.
+ * Every count is only set when the batch carried at least one resource
+ * of that kind (the saw* flags) — never zero a count on a partial
+ * batch. Datastore capacity / used totals additionally require at
+ * least one datastore row that actually carried a disk_state series,
+ * so a batch of utilization-only datastore points cannot collapse the
+ * totals to 0. Returns an object whose keys are exactly the columns to
+ * write (empty object = nothing to write).
+ */
+export function deriveVMwareVCenterSnapshotExtras(
+  entries: Array<VMwareResourceBufferEntry>,
+  snap: VMwareVCenterSnapshotBufferEntry | undefined,
+): VMwareVCenterSnapshotExtras {
+  const extras: VMwareVCenterSnapshotExtras = {};
+
+  const ofKind: (kind: string) => Array<VMwareResourceBufferEntry> = (
+    kind: string,
+  ) => {
+    return entries.filter((e: VMwareResourceBufferEntry) => {
+      return e.kind === kind;
+    });
+  };
+
+  if (snap?.sawDatacenter) {
+    extras.datacenterCount = ofKind(VMwareResourceKind.Datacenter).length;
+  }
+  if (snap?.sawCluster) {
+    extras.clusterCount = ofKind(VMwareResourceKind.Cluster).length;
+  }
+  if (snap?.sawHost) {
+    extras.hostCount = ofKind(VMwareResourceKind.Host).length;
+  }
+  if (snap?.sawVirtualMachine) {
+    const vms: Array<VMwareResourceBufferEntry> = ofKind(
+      VMwareResourceKind.VirtualMachine,
+    ).filter((e: VMwareResourceBufferEntry) => {
+      return e.isTemplate !== true;
+    });
+    extras.vmCount = vms.length;
+    extras.poweredOnVmCount = vms.filter((e: VMwareResourceBufferEntry) => {
+      return computeVMwareIsPoweredOn(e) === true;
+    }).length;
+  }
+  if (snap?.sawDatastore) {
+    const datastores: Array<VMwareResourceBufferEntry> = ofKind(
+      VMwareResourceKind.Datastore,
+    );
+    extras.datastoreCount = datastores.length;
+
+    const withCapacity: Array<VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot> = datastores
+      .map((e: VMwareResourceBufferEntry) => {
+        return deriveVMwareResourceLatestMetric(e);
+      })
+      .filter((m: VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot) => {
+        return m.maxDiskBytes !== null;
+      });
+    if (withCapacity.length > 0) {
+      extras.datastoreCapacityBytes = withCapacity.reduce(
+        (sum: number, m: VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot) => {
+          return sum + (m.maxDiskBytes as number);
+        },
+        0,
+      );
+    }
+    const withUsed: Array<VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot> = datastores
+      .map((e: VMwareResourceBufferEntry) => {
+        return deriveVMwareResourceLatestMetric(e);
+      })
+      .filter((m: VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot) => {
+        return m.diskBytes !== null;
+      });
+    if (withUsed.length > 0) {
+      extras.datastoreUsedBytes = withUsed.reduce(
+        (sum: number, m: VMwareResourceLatestMetricSnapshot) => {
+          return sum + (m.diskBytes as number);
+        },
+        0,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  if (snap?.sawResourcePool) {
+    extras.resourcePoolCount = ofKind(VMwareResourceKind.ResourcePool).length;
+  }
+
+  return extras;
+}