@mytechtoday/augment-extensions 1.2.2 → 1.3.1

package/augment-extensions/domain-rules/software-architecture/rules/monolithic-architecture.md

@@ -1,351 +1,351 @@
-# Monolithic Architecture
-
-## Overview
-
-This document covers monolithic architecture patterns, best practices, and when to use this architectural style for software systems.
-
----
-
-## Knowledge
-
-### What is Monolithic Architecture?
-
-**Definition**
-- Single, unified codebase and deployment unit
-- All components run in the same process
-- Shared memory space and resources
-- Single database (typically)
-
-**Characteristics**
-- Tightly coupled components
-- Shared data model
-- Single deployment artifact (JAR, WAR, executable)
-- Vertical scaling (scale entire application)
-
-**Types of Monoliths**
-1. **Modular Monolith**: Well-organized internal modules with clear boundaries
-2. **Big Ball of Mud**: Poorly structured, tangled dependencies
-3. **Layered Monolith**: Organized in horizontal layers (presentation, business, data)
-
-### When to Use Monolithic Architecture
-
-**Good Fit**
-- Small to medium-sized applications
-- Simple business domains
-- Small development teams (< 10 developers)
-- Rapid prototyping and MVPs
-- Limited scalability requirements
-- Tight deadlines with limited resources
-
-**Poor Fit**
-- Large, complex domains
-- Need for independent scaling of components
-- Multiple teams working independently
-- Frequent deployments of different features
-- Technology diversity requirements
-
----
-
-## Skills
-
-### Designing a Modular Monolith
-
-**Module Organization**
-1. **Domain-Driven Modules**: Organize by business capabilities
-   - User Management
-   - Order Processing
-   - Inventory Management
-   - Billing
-
-2. **Layer-Based Modules**: Organize by technical concerns
-   - Presentation Layer
-   - Application Layer
-   - Domain Layer
-   - Infrastructure Layer
-
-**Module Boundaries**
-- Define clear interfaces between modules
-- Avoid circular dependencies
-- Use dependency injection for loose coupling
-- Encapsulate module internals
-
-**Package Structure Example**
-```
-com.example.app/
-├── user/
-│   ├── UserController.java
-│   ├── UserService.java
-│   ├── UserRepository.java
-│   └── User.java
-├── order/
-│   ├── OrderController.java
-│   ├── OrderService.java
-│   ├── OrderRepository.java
-│   └── Order.java
-└── shared/
-    ├── config/
-    ├── utils/
-    └── exceptions/
-```
-
-### Managing Dependencies
-
-**Dependency Rules**
-- Higher layers depend on lower layers
-- Domain layer has no external dependencies
-- Use interfaces to invert dependencies
-- Avoid tight coupling to frameworks
-
-**Dependency Injection**
-```java
-// Good: Constructor injection with interfaces
-public class OrderService {
-    private final OrderRepository repository;
-    private final EmailService emailService;
-    
-    public OrderService(OrderRepository repository, 
-                       EmailService emailService) {
-        this.repository = repository;
-        this.emailService = emailService;
-    }
-}
-
-// Bad: Direct instantiation
-public class OrderService {
-    private OrderRepository repository = new OrderRepositoryImpl();
-    private EmailService emailService = new EmailServiceImpl();
-}
-```
-
-### Database Management
-
-**Single Database Approach**
-- Shared schema across all modules
-- Use database transactions for consistency
-- Careful schema evolution
-- Consider schema namespaces for modules
-
-**Data Access Patterns**
-- Repository pattern for data access
-- ORM for object-relational mapping
-- Database migrations (Flyway, Liquibase)
-- Connection pooling
-
----
-
-## Examples
-
-### E-Commerce Monolith Structure
-
-**Application Structure**
-```
-ecommerce-app/
-├── src/
-│   ├── main/
-│   │   ├── java/
-│   │   │   └── com/example/ecommerce/
-│   │   │       ├── catalog/
-│   │   │       │   ├── Product.java
-│   │   │       │   ├── ProductService.java
-│   │   │       │   └── ProductController.java
-│   │   │       ├── cart/
-│   │   │       │   ├── Cart.java
-│   │   │       │   ├── CartService.java
-│   │   │       │   └── CartController.java
-│   │   │       ├── order/
-│   │   │       │   ├── Order.java
-│   │   │       │   ├── OrderService.java
-│   │   │       │   └── OrderController.java
-│   │   │       └── payment/
-│   │   │           ├── Payment.java
-│   │   │           ├── PaymentService.java
-│   │   │           └── PaymentController.java
-│   │   └── resources/
-│   │       ├── application.properties
-│   │       └── db/migration/
-│   └── test/
-└── pom.xml
-```
-
-**Service Layer Example**
-```java
-@Service
-@Transactional
-public class OrderService {
-    private final OrderRepository orderRepository;
-    private final ProductService productService;
-    private final PaymentService paymentService;
-    private final EmailService emailService;
-
-    public Order createOrder(CreateOrderRequest request) {
-        // Validate products
-        List<Product> products = productService.validateProducts(
-            request.getProductIds()
-        );
-
-        // Calculate total
-        BigDecimal total = calculateTotal(products);
-
-        // Create order
-        Order order = new Order();
-        order.setCustomerId(request.getCustomerId());
-        order.setProducts(products);
-        order.setTotal(total);
-        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.PENDING);
-
-        // Save order
-        order = orderRepository.save(order);
-
-        // Process payment
-        Payment payment = paymentService.processPayment(
-            order.getId(),
-            total
-        );
-
-        if (payment.isSuccessful()) {
-            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CONFIRMED);
-            emailService.sendOrderConfirmation(order);
-        } else {
-            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.FAILED);
-        }
-
-        return orderRepository.save(order);
-    }
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Understanding
-
-### Advantages of Monolithic Architecture
-
-**Development Simplicity**
-- Single codebase to understand
-- Easier debugging (single process)
-- Simpler IDE setup
-- Straightforward testing
-
-**Deployment Simplicity**
-- Single deployment unit
-- No distributed system complexity
-- Easier rollback
-- Simpler infrastructure
-
-**Performance**
-- In-process communication (no network overhead)
-- Shared memory access
-- ACID transactions
-- Lower latency
-
-**Development Velocity (Initially)**
-- Faster initial development
-- No service boundaries to negotiate
-- Shared code reuse
-- Simpler refactoring
-
-### Disadvantages and Challenges
-
-**Scalability Limitations**
-- Must scale entire application
-- Cannot scale components independently
-- Resource inefficiency
-- Vertical scaling limits
-
-**Deployment Risks**
-- Single point of failure
-- All-or-nothing deployments
-- Longer deployment times
-- Higher risk of breaking changes
-
-**Technology Lock-in**
-- Single technology stack
-- Difficult to adopt new technologies
-- Framework upgrades affect entire app
-- Limited experimentation
-
-**Team Coordination**
-- Code conflicts increase with team size
-- Merge conflicts
-- Coordination overhead
-- Slower release cycles
-
-**Maintenance Challenges**
-- Growing complexity over time
-- Tight coupling increases
-- Technical debt accumulation
-- Difficult to understand (large codebases)
-
-### Best Practices
-
-**Keep It Modular**
-- Enforce module boundaries
-- Use package-private visibility
-- Avoid circular dependencies
-- Regular architecture reviews
-
-**Maintain Clean Architecture**
-- Separate concerns (layers)
-- Dependency inversion
-- Domain-driven design
-- SOLID principles
-
-**Automated Testing**
-- Unit tests for business logic
-- Integration tests for workflows
-- End-to-end tests for critical paths
-- Test coverage monitoring
-
-**Continuous Integration/Deployment**
-- Automated builds
-- Automated testing
-- Feature flags for gradual rollouts
-- Blue-green deployments
-
-**Monitoring and Observability**
-- Application performance monitoring
-- Error tracking
-- Logging (structured logs)
-- Health checks
-
-### Migration Strategies
-
-**When to Consider Migration**
-- Team size exceeds 10-15 developers
-- Deployment frequency bottleneck
-- Scaling requirements differ by component
-- Technology diversity needed
-
-**Strangler Fig Pattern**
-1. Identify bounded context to extract
-2. Build new microservice alongside monolith
-3. Route new traffic to microservice
-4. Migrate existing data gradually
-5. Decommission monolith code
-
-**Branch by Abstraction**
-1. Create abstraction layer
-2. Implement new service behind abstraction
-3. Gradually migrate callers
-4. Remove old implementation
-5. Remove abstraction
-
----
-
-## References
-
-- **Books**
-  - "Monolith to Microservices" by Sam Newman
-  - "Building Evolutionary Architectures" by Neal Ford
-  - "Clean Architecture" by Robert C. Martin
-
-- **Patterns**
-  - Modular Monolith Pattern
-  - Layered Architecture Pattern
-  - Strangler Fig Pattern
-
-- **Standards**
-  - ISO/IEC 42010 (Architecture Description)
-  - Twelve-Factor App Methodology
-
-
+# Monolithic Architecture
+
+## Overview
+
+This document covers monolithic architecture patterns, best practices, and when to use this architectural style for software systems.
+
+---
+
+## Knowledge
+
+### What is Monolithic Architecture?
+
+**Definition**
+- Single, unified codebase and deployment unit
+- All components run in the same process
+- Shared memory space and resources
+- Single database (typically)
+
+**Characteristics**
+- Tightly coupled components
+- Shared data model
+- Single deployment artifact (JAR, WAR, executable)
+- Vertical scaling (scale entire application)
+
+**Types of Monoliths**
+1. **Modular Monolith**: Well-organized internal modules with clear boundaries
+2. **Big Ball of Mud**: Poorly structured, tangled dependencies
+3. **Layered Monolith**: Organized in horizontal layers (presentation, business, data)
+
+### When to Use Monolithic Architecture
+
+**Good Fit**
+- Small to medium-sized applications
+- Simple business domains
+- Small development teams (< 10 developers)
+- Rapid prototyping and MVPs
+- Limited scalability requirements
+- Tight deadlines with limited resources
+
+**Poor Fit**
+- Large, complex domains
+- Need for independent scaling of components
+- Multiple teams working independently
+- Frequent deployments of different features
+- Technology diversity requirements
+
+---
+
+## Skills
+
+### Designing a Modular Monolith
+
+**Module Organization**
+1. **Domain-Driven Modules**: Organize by business capabilities
+   - User Management
+   - Order Processing
+   - Inventory Management
+   - Billing
+
+2. **Layer-Based Modules**: Organize by technical concerns
+   - Presentation Layer
+   - Application Layer
+   - Domain Layer
+   - Infrastructure Layer
+
+**Module Boundaries**
+- Define clear interfaces between modules
+- Avoid circular dependencies
+- Use dependency injection for loose coupling
+- Encapsulate module internals
+
+**Package Structure Example**
+```
+com.example.app/
+├── user/
+│   ├── UserController.java
+│   ├── UserService.java
+│   ├── UserRepository.java
+│   └── User.java
+├── order/
+│   ├── OrderController.java
+│   ├── OrderService.java
+│   ├── OrderRepository.java
+│   └── Order.java
+└── shared/
+    ├── config/
+    ├── utils/
+    └── exceptions/
+```
+
+### Managing Dependencies
+
+**Dependency Rules**
+- Higher layers depend on lower layers
+- Domain layer has no external dependencies
+- Use interfaces to invert dependencies
+- Avoid tight coupling to frameworks
+
+**Dependency Injection**
+```java
+// Good: Constructor injection with interfaces
+public class OrderService {
+    private final OrderRepository repository;
+    private final EmailService emailService;
+    
+    public OrderService(OrderRepository repository, 
+                       EmailService emailService) {
+        this.repository = repository;
+        this.emailService = emailService;
+    }
+}
+
+// Bad: Direct instantiation
+public class OrderService {
+    private OrderRepository repository = new OrderRepositoryImpl();
+    private EmailService emailService = new EmailServiceImpl();
+}
+```
+
+### Database Management
+
+**Single Database Approach**
+- Shared schema across all modules
+- Use database transactions for consistency
+- Careful schema evolution
+- Consider schema namespaces for modules
+
+**Data Access Patterns**
+- Repository pattern for data access
+- ORM for object-relational mapping
+- Database migrations (Flyway, Liquibase)
+- Connection pooling
+
+---
+
+## Examples
+
+### E-Commerce Monolith Structure
+
+**Application Structure**
+```
+ecommerce-app/
+├── src/
+│   ├── main/
+│   │   ├── java/
+│   │   │   └── com/example/ecommerce/
+│   │   │       ├── catalog/
+│   │   │       │   ├── Product.java
+│   │   │       │   ├── ProductService.java
+│   │   │       │   └── ProductController.java
+│   │   │       ├── cart/
+│   │   │       │   ├── Cart.java
+│   │   │       │   ├── CartService.java
+│   │   │       │   └── CartController.java
+│   │   │       ├── order/
+│   │   │       │   ├── Order.java
+│   │   │       │   ├── OrderService.java
+│   │   │       │   └── OrderController.java
+│   │   │       └── payment/
+│   │   │           ├── Payment.java
+│   │   │           ├── PaymentService.java
+│   │   │           └── PaymentController.java
+│   │   └── resources/
+│   │       ├── application.properties
+│   │       └── db/migration/
+│   └── test/
+└── pom.xml
+```
+
+**Service Layer Example**
+```java
+@Service
+@Transactional
+public class OrderService {
+    private final OrderRepository orderRepository;
+    private final ProductService productService;
+    private final PaymentService paymentService;
+    private final EmailService emailService;
+
+    public Order createOrder(CreateOrderRequest request) {
+        // Validate products
+        List<Product> products = productService.validateProducts(
+            request.getProductIds()
+        );
+
+        // Calculate total
+        BigDecimal total = calculateTotal(products);
+
+        // Create order
+        Order order = new Order();
+        order.setCustomerId(request.getCustomerId());
+        order.setProducts(products);
+        order.setTotal(total);
+        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.PENDING);
+
+        // Save order
+        order = orderRepository.save(order);
+
+        // Process payment
+        Payment payment = paymentService.processPayment(
+            order.getId(),
+            total
+        );
+
+        if (payment.isSuccessful()) {
+            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CONFIRMED);
+            emailService.sendOrderConfirmation(order);
+        } else {
+            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.FAILED);
+        }
+
+        return orderRepository.save(order);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Understanding
+
+### Advantages of Monolithic Architecture
+
+**Development Simplicity**
+- Single codebase to understand
+- Easier debugging (single process)
+- Simpler IDE setup
+- Straightforward testing
+
+**Deployment Simplicity**
+- Single deployment unit
+- No distributed system complexity
+- Easier rollback
+- Simpler infrastructure
+
+**Performance**
+- In-process communication (no network overhead)
+- Shared memory access
+- ACID transactions
+- Lower latency
+
+**Development Velocity (Initially)**
+- Faster initial development
+- No service boundaries to negotiate
+- Shared code reuse
+- Simpler refactoring
+
+### Disadvantages and Challenges
+
+**Scalability Limitations**
+- Must scale entire application
+- Cannot scale components independently
+- Resource inefficiency
+- Vertical scaling limits
+
+**Deployment Risks**
+- Single point of failure
+- All-or-nothing deployments
+- Longer deployment times
+- Higher risk of breaking changes
+
+**Technology Lock-in**
+- Single technology stack
+- Difficult to adopt new technologies
+- Framework upgrades affect entire app
+- Limited experimentation
+
+**Team Coordination**
+- Code conflicts increase with team size
+- Merge conflicts
+- Coordination overhead
+- Slower release cycles
+
+**Maintenance Challenges**
+- Growing complexity over time
+- Tight coupling increases
+- Technical debt accumulation
+- Difficult to understand (large codebases)
+
+### Best Practices
+
+**Keep It Modular**
+- Enforce module boundaries
+- Use package-private visibility
+- Avoid circular dependencies
+- Regular architecture reviews
+
+**Maintain Clean Architecture**
+- Separate concerns (layers)
+- Dependency inversion
+- Domain-driven design
+- SOLID principles
+
+**Automated Testing**
+- Unit tests for business logic
+- Integration tests for workflows
+- End-to-end tests for critical paths
+- Test coverage monitoring
+
+**Continuous Integration/Deployment**
+- Automated builds
+- Automated testing
+- Feature flags for gradual rollouts
+- Blue-green deployments
+
+**Monitoring and Observability**
+- Application performance monitoring
+- Error tracking
+- Logging (structured logs)
+- Health checks
+
+### Migration Strategies
+
+**When to Consider Migration**
+- Team size exceeds 10-15 developers
+- Deployment frequency bottleneck
+- Scaling requirements differ by component
+- Technology diversity needed
+
+**Strangler Fig Pattern**
+1. Identify bounded context to extract
+2. Build new microservice alongside monolith
+3. Route new traffic to microservice
+4. Migrate existing data gradually
+5. Decommission monolith code
+
+**Branch by Abstraction**
+1. Create abstraction layer
+2. Implement new service behind abstraction
+3. Gradually migrate callers
+4. Remove old implementation
+5. Remove abstraction
+
+---
+
+## References
+
+- **Books**
+  - "Monolith to Microservices" by Sam Newman
+  - "Building Evolutionary Architectures" by Neal Ford
+  - "Clean Architecture" by Robert C. Martin
+
+- **Patterns**
+  - Modular Monolith Pattern
+  - Layered Architecture Pattern
+  - Strangler Fig Pattern
+
+- **Standards**
+  - ISO/IEC 42010 (Architecture Description)
+  - Twelve-Factor App Methodology
+
+