@maniclang/workbench 0.1.11

package/examples/two_person_walk.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+title("Two Figures Meet, Shake Hands, and Continue Walking");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+let groundY = cy + 160;
+let startX1 = cx - 420;
+let startX2 = cx + 420;
+let stepDist = 15;
+let swingAmp = 26;
+let bobAmp = 10;
+let meetX = cx;
+let endX1 = cx + 420;
+let endX2 = cx - 420;
+
+// ================= road =================
+
+rect(road, (0, groundY), w, h - groundY);
+color(road, dim);
+filled(road);
+untraced(road);
+
+line(roadLine, (0, groundY + 40), (w, groundY + 40));
+color(roadLine, panel);
+stroke(roadLine, 2);
+untraced(roadLine);
+
+for i in 0..14 {
+  rect(dash{i}, (i*120 - 40, groundY + 36), 50, 8);
+  color(dash{i}, fg);
+  filled(dash{i});
+  untraced(dash{i});
+}
+
+// ================= figure 1 (walks left -> right) =================
+
+point(neck1, (startX1, groundY - 118));
+point(hip1, (startX1, groundY - 10));
+point(handL1, (startX1 - 30, groundY - 40));
+point(handR1, (startX1 + 30, groundY - 40));
+point(footL1, (startX1 - 30, groundY + 100));
+point(footR1, (startX1 + 30, groundY + 100));
+
+hidden(neck1); hidden(hip1);
+hidden(handL1); hidden(handR1);
+hidden(footL1); hidden(footR1);
+
+circle(head1, (startX1, groundY - 140), 22);
+color(head1, fg);
+outlined(head1);
+stroke(head1, 3);
+untraced(head1);
+
+segment(spine1, neck1, hip1);
+segment(armL1, neck1, handL1);
+segment(armR1, neck1, handR1);
+segment(legL1, hip1, footL1);
+segment(legR1, hip1, footR1);
+
+color(spine1, fg);
+color(armL1, cyan);
+color(armR1, cyan);
+color(legL1, gold);
+color(legR1, gold);
+stroke(spine1, 4); stroke(armL1, 4); stroke(armR1, 4);
+stroke(legL1, 4); stroke(legR1, 4);
+untraced(spine1); untraced(armL1); untraced(armR1);
+untraced(legL1); untraced(legR1);
+
+// ================= figure 2 (walks right -> left, mirrored) =================
+
+point(neck2, (startX2, groundY - 118));
+point(hip2, (startX2, groundY - 10));
+point(handL2, (startX2 - 30, groundY - 40));
+point(handR2, (startX2 + 30, groundY - 40));
+point(footL2, (startX2 - 30, groundY + 100));
+point(footR2, (startX2 + 30, groundY + 100));
+
+hidden(neck2); hidden(hip2);
+hidden(handL2); hidden(handR2);
+hidden(footL2); hidden(footR2);
+
+circle(head2, (startX2, groundY - 140), 22);
+color(head2, fg);
+outlined(head2);
+stroke(head2, 3);
+untraced(head2);
+
+segment(spine2, neck2, hip2);
+segment(armL2, neck2, handL2);
+segment(armR2, neck2, handR2);
+segment(legL2, hip2, footL2);
+segment(legR2, hip2, footR2);
+
+color(spine2, fg);
+color(armL2, magenta);
+color(armR2, magenta);
+color(legL2, lime);
+color(legR2, lime);
+stroke(spine2, 4); stroke(armL2, 4); stroke(armR2, 4);
+stroke(legL2, 4); stroke(legR2, 4);
+untraced(spine2); untraced(armL2); untraced(armR2);
+untraced(legL2); untraced(legR2);
+
+// ================= text =================
+
+text(head_label, (cx, 55), "Two Figures Meet, Shake Hands, and Continue Walking");
+color(head_label, cyan);
+hidden(head_label);
+
+text(caption, (cx, h - 30), "");
+color(caption, dim);
+hidden(caption);
+
+// ================= script =================
+
+show(head_label, 0.6);
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+  draw(road, 0.5);
+  draw(roadLine, 0.5);
+  stagger(0.03) {
+    for i in 0..14 {
+      draw(dash{i}, 0.1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+par {
+  show(neck1, 0.01); show(hip1, 0.01);
+  show(handL1, 0.01); show(handR1, 0.01);
+  show(footL1, 0.01); show(footR1, 0.01);
+  draw(head1, 0.4);
+  draw(spine1, 0.3);
+  draw(armL1, 0.3);
+  draw(armR1, 0.3);
+  draw(legL1, 0.3);
+  draw(legR1, 0.3);
+
+  show(neck2, 0.01); show(hip2, 0.01);
+  show(handL2, 0.01); show(handR2, 0.01);
+  show(footL2, 0.01); show(footR2, 0.01);
+  draw(head2, 0.4);
+  draw(spine2, 0.3);
+  draw(armL2, 0.3);
+  draw(armR2, 0.3);
+  draw(legL2, 0.3);
+  draw(legR2, 0.3);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+show(caption, 0.4);
+say(caption, "Camera pulls back to see the whole road");
+par {
+  cam((cx, cy), 1.0, smooth);
+  zoom(0.85, 1.0, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+// --- walk cycle: both figures walk toward each other, meeting at meetX ---
+
+for i in 0..24 {
+  let baseX1 = startX1 + i*stepDist;
+  let baseX2 = startX2 - i*stepDist;
+  let phase = i*90;
+  let swing = swingAmp*sin(phase*pi/180);
+  let legLift = bobAmp*abs(sin(phase*pi/180));
+
+  par {
+    move(neck1, (baseX1, groundY - 118 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(hip1, (baseX1, groundY - 10), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handL1, (baseX1 - swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handR1, (baseX1 + swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footL1, (baseX1 + swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footR1, (baseX1 - swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(head1, (baseX1, groundY - 140 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+
+    move(neck2, (baseX2, groundY - 118 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(hip2, (baseX2, groundY - 10), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handL2, (baseX2 - swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handR2, (baseX2 + swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footL2, (baseX2 + swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footR2, (baseX2 - swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(head2, (baseX2, groundY - 140 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+  }
+}
+
+wait(0.2);
+say(caption, "They arrive face to face");
+par {
+  cam((meetX, groundY - 80), 1.2, smooth);
+  zoom(1.8, 1.2, smooth);
+}
+
+// settle into a standing pose facing each other
+par {
+  move(neck1, (meetX - 40, groundY - 118), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(hip1, (meetX - 40, groundY - 10), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(footL1, (meetX - 60, groundY + 100), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(footR1, (meetX - 20, groundY + 100), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(head1, (meetX - 40, groundY - 140), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(handL1, (meetX - 70, groundY - 40), 0.3, smooth);
+
+  move(neck2, (meetX + 40, groundY - 118), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(hip2, (meetX + 40, groundY - 10), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(footL2, (meetX + 60, groundY + 100), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(footR2, (meetX + 20, groundY + 100), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(head2, (meetX + 40, groundY - 140), 0.3, smooth);
+  move(handR2, (meetX + 70, groundY - 40), 0.3, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+say(caption, "Reaching out to shake hands");
+
+par {
+  move(handR1, (meetX - 5, groundY - 55), 0.4, smooth);
+  move(handL2, (meetX + 5, groundY - 55), 0.4, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.2);
+
+par {
+  move(handR1, (meetX, groundY - 55), 0.25, smooth);
+  move(handL2, (meetX, groundY - 55), 0.25, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.2);
+
+say(caption, "Shaking hands");
+
+for i in 0..4 {
+  par {
+    move(handR1, (meetX, groundY - 65), 0.12, smooth);
+    move(handL2, (meetX, groundY - 65), 0.12, smooth);
+  }
+  par {
+    move(handR1, (meetX, groundY - 48), 0.12, smooth);
+    move(handL2, (meetX, groundY - 48), 0.12, smooth);
+  }
+}
+
+par {
+  move(handR1, (meetX, groundY - 55), 0.15, smooth);
+  move(handL2, (meetX, groundY - 55), 0.15, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+flash(handR1, gold);
+flash(handL2, gold);
+wait(0.3);
+
+say(caption, "Letting go and continuing on their separate ways");
+par {
+  cam((cx, cy), 1.2, smooth);
+  zoom(1, 1.2, smooth);
+}
+
+// release hands back to normal swing position before resuming walk
+par {
+  move(handR1, (meetX - 40 + 30, groundY - 40), 0.25, smooth);
+  move(handL2, (meetX + 40 - 30, groundY - 40), 0.25, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.2);
+
+// --- resume walk cycle: figure1 continues toward endX1, figure2 toward endX2 ---
+
+for i in 0..24 {
+  let baseX1 = (meetX - 40) + i*stepDist;
+  let baseX2 = (meetX + 40) - i*stepDist;
+  let phase = i*90;
+  let swing = swingAmp*sin(phase*pi/180);
+  let legLift = bobAmp*abs(sin(phase*pi/180));
+
+  par {
+    move(neck1, (baseX1, groundY - 118 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(hip1, (baseX1, groundY - 10), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handL1, (baseX1 - swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handR1, (baseX1 + swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footL1, (baseX1 + swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footR1, (baseX1 - swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(head1, (baseX1, groundY - 140 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+
+    move(neck2, (baseX2, groundY - 118 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(hip2, (baseX2, groundY - 10), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handL2, (baseX2 - swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(handR2, (baseX2 + swing, groundY - 40), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footL2, (baseX2 + swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(footR2, (baseX2 - swing, groundY + 100 - legLift), 0.15, smooth);
+    move(head2, (baseX2, groundY - 140 - legLift*0.4), 0.15, smooth);
+  }
+}
+
+wait(0.3);
+say(caption, "Two generic stick figures -- no specific persons depicted");
+par {
+  cam((cx, cy), 1.0, smooth);
+  zoom(0.85, 1.0, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.4);

package/examples/two_pointer.manic

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+// Two Pointers — the `pointer`/`pointat` primitive. `pointer(id, arr, slot, label)`
+// drops a caret under a slot; `pointat(id, arr, slot)` slides it to another slot
+// (its label follows). Pointers track slot *positions*, so they stay put as
+// values move. Here `lo`/`hi` scan inward on a sorted array.
+//
+//   manic examples/two_pointer.manic
+
+title("Two Pointers");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+text(head, (cx, 120), "two pointers scan toward the middle");
+display(head);  color(head, cyan);  size(head, 26);  hidden(head);
+text(cap, (cx, 560), "");  color(cap, dim);  size(cap, 26);
+
+array(a, "1 3 5 7 9 11", (cx, 340), 92, 92);
+pointer(lo, a, 0, "lo");
+pointer(hi, a, 5, "hi");
+
+show(head, 0.5);
+say(cap, "start at both ends");
+wait(0.5);
+compare(a, 0, 5);
+
+say(cap, "step both inward");
+par { pointat(lo, a, 1);  pointat(hi, a, 4); }
+compare(a, 1, 4);
+
+par { pointat(lo, a, 2);  pointat(hi, a, 3); }
+compare(a, 2, 3);
+
+say(cap, "the pointers have met");
+wait(1.2);

package/examples/type-to-sdf.manic

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+// type-to-sdf — flat 2D typography dismantled into a point field, rebuilt as
+// reactive 3D signed-distance volumes, then handed to raw GLSL.
+//   act 1  cloud ... from text("SDF")  - the glyphs dissolve into positions
+//   act 2  raymarch, ALL-SCALAR        - S, D, F re-authored as SDF volumes
+//          (scalar-only => GPU transpile; parameters bind as uniforms;
+//           tori are carved with box INTERSECTIONS, no rot2/vec2 anywhere)
+//   act 3  glsl                        - the SAME sliders drive raw GLSL
+// Three UI parameters are the whole interface: weight / wave / melt.
+title("Type, Dismantled");
+canvas("16:9");
+template("black");
+
+// ---------- HUD ----------
+text(head, (cx, 60), "Type, Dismantled: Flat Glyphs to SDF Volumes"); display(head); cursor(head);
+text(cap, (cx, h - 42), ""); size(cap, 26);
+
+// the UI: three sliders, visibly driving everything
+parameter(wgt, (w - 180, 150), 0.15, 0, 1, "weight", 2);
+parameter(wav, (w - 180, 220), 0, 0, 1, "wave", 2);
+parameter(mlt, (w - 180, 290), 0, 0, 1, "melt", 2);
+
+// ---------- act 1: the glyph field ----------
+// 2600 points born INSIDE the glyphs of "SDF"; each remembers home (hx, hy).
+// They swarm out at t~3.2 and fly home at t~6 - the word dismantled and recalled.
+cloud(dust, 2600, #ffffff, 0.9) from text("SDF") {
+  let rn = mod(abs(sin(i * 12.9898) * 43758.55), 1);
+  let sc = smoothstep(3.2, 4.6, t) - smoothstep(6.0, 7.6, t);
+  let ang = i * 2.399;
+  let rad = 40 + 230 * rn;
+  let x = hx + sc * rad * cos(ang + 0.5 * t);
+  let y = hy + sc * rad * sin(ang + 0.5 * t) * 0.8;
+  let r = 1.6 + 1.4 * rn;
+  let hue = 190 + 50 * sin(0.7 * i + t);
+}
+
+// ---------- act 2: the volumes ----------
+camera3((0, -4.6, 1.6), (0, 0, 0.95), 40);
+
+raymarch(vol) {
+  // domain warp: the WAVE slider bends the coordinate field itself
+  let xw = x + wav * 0.16 * sin(2.6 * z + 2 * t);
+  let zw = z + wav * 0.10 * sin(2.2 * x - 1.6 * t);
+  // ---- S (at x = -1.5): two torus arcs, quadrants removed by intersection
+  let sx = xw + 1.5;
+  let torU = sdtorus(sx, zw - 1.15, y, 0.26, 0.09);
+  let torL = sdtorus(sx, zw - 0.63, y, 0.26, 0.09);
+  let upC = smin(sdint(torU, sdbox3(sx + 0.30, y, zw - 1.15, 0.32, 0.6, 0.45)), sdint(torU, sdbox3(sx, y, zw - 1.32, 0.6, 0.6, 0.20)), 0.02);
+  let loC = smin(sdint(torL, sdbox3(sx - 0.30, y, zw - 0.63, 0.32, 0.6, 0.45)), sdint(torL, sdbox3(sx, y, zw - 0.44, 0.6, 0.6, 0.20)), 0.02);
+  let dS = smin(upC, loC, 0.05);
+  // ---- D (at x = 0): stem + right half of a ring
+  let stemD = sdbox3(xw + 0.26, y, zw - 0.9, 0.09, 0.10, 0.55);
+  let bowl = sdint(sdtorus(xw + 0.10, zw - 0.9, y, 0.36, 0.09), sdbox3(xw - 0.22, y, zw - 0.9, 0.34, 0.6, 0.6));
+  let dD = smin(stemD, bowl, 0.05);
+  // ---- F (at x = +1.5): stem + two arms
+  let fx = xw - 1.5;
+  let stemF = sdbox3(fx + 0.22, y, zw - 0.9, 0.09, 0.10, 0.55);
+  let armT = sdbox3(fx, y, zw - 1.36, 0.30, 0.10, 0.09);
+  let armM = sdbox3(fx - 0.03, y, zw - 0.98, 0.24, 0.10, 0.08);
+  let dF = smin(stemF, smin(armT, armM, 0.03), 0.05);
+  // ---- the word: MELT widens the union until letterforms dissolve;
+  //      WEIGHT is one sdround inflation - bold is literally deeper
+  let k = 0.05 + 0.5 * mlt;
+  let word = smin(smin(dS, dD, k), dF, k);
+  let fluid = mlt * 0.03 * sin(5 * xw + 2.4 * t) * sin(4 * zw - 1.8 * t);
+  let d = sdround(word, 0.02 + 0.09 * wgt) + fluid;
+  let hue = 190 + 40 * nx + 50 * mlt + 20 * sin(3 * hz + t);
+  let sat = 0.75;
+  let val = 0.9 + 0.1 * nz;
+  let alpha = 1;
+}
+hidden(vol);
+
+// ---------- act 3: the same sliders, raw GLSL ----------
+glsl(neon, `
+uniform float u_wgt;
+uniform float u_mlt;
+float smin2(float a, float b, float k){ float h = clamp(0.5 + 0.5*(b - a)/k, 0.0, 1.0); return mix(b, a, h) - k*h*(1.0 - h); }
+void mainImage(out vec4 O, in vec2 I){
+  vec2 p = (2.0*I - iResolution.xy)/iResolution.y;
+  float k = 0.15 + 0.6*u_mlt;
+  float d = 1e5;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    float fi = float(i);
+    vec2 c = vec2(-0.9 + 0.9*fi, 0.12*sin(iTime*1.3 + fi*2.1));
+    float r = 0.26 + 0.12*u_wgt + 0.05*sin(iTime*2.0 + fi);
+    d = smin2(d, length(p - c) - r, k);
+  }
+  float glow = pow(0.02/max(abs(d), 0.004), 0.9);
+  vec3 col = glow * mix(vec3(0.1, 0.8, 1.0), vec3(1.0, 0.4, 0.9), 0.5 + 0.5*sin(3.0*u_mlt + p.x));
+  O = vec4(col, clamp(glow, 0.0, 1.0));
+}
+`);
+hidden(neon);
+
+// ================= timeline =================
+
+// ---- act 1: flat, then dismantled
+type(head, 1.1);
+say(cap, "this is type as your screen stores it: flat outlines, frozen in place", 0.6);
+wait(1.4);
+cue(whoosh);
+say(cap, "step one: DISMANTLE - a glyph is nothing but a field of positions", 0.5);
+wait(2.6);
+say(cap, "...and every position remembers home", 0.5);
+wait(2.6);
+
+// ---- act 2: rebuilt as signed-distance volumes
+cue(whoosh);
+par { fade(dust, 0.9); show(vol, 1.2); }
+say(cap, "step two: REBUILD - each letter re-authored as a signed distance volume", 0.5);
+orbit3(-24, 16, 5.0, 2.0, smooth);
+
+// weight: variable font, one number
+cue(tick);
+say(cap, "one slider inflates every stroke: WEIGHT - bold is literally deeper", 0.5);
+to(wgt, value, 1, 1.6, smooth);
+to(wgt, value, 0.35, 1.2, smooth);
+
+// wave: the coordinate field bends
+cue(tick);
+say(cap, "WAVE bends the coordinate field itself - the letters ride it", 0.5);
+par { to(wav, value, 1, 1.8, smooth); orbit3(18, 22, 4.8, 1.8, smooth); }
+to(wav, value, 0.35, 1.2, smooth);
+
+// melt: typography as fluid
+cue(pop);
+say(cap, "MELT widens the union - and the word forgets its letterforms", 0.5);
+par { to(mlt, value, 1, 2.6, smooth); orbit3(40, 14, 5.2, 2.6, smooth); }
+wait(1.0);
+
+// ---- act 3: the bridge to raw GLSL
+cue(chime);
+say(cap, "step three: the SAME sliders, handed to raw GLSL at full resolution", 0.5);
+par { fade(vol, 1.0); show(neon, 1.0); }
+to(mlt, value, 0.25, 1.6, smooth);
+par { to(mlt, value, 0.9, 1.8, smooth); to(wgt, value, 0.8, 1.8, smooth); }
+to(wgt, value, 0.3, 1.4, smooth);
+say(cap, "flat vectors in - living volumes out", 0.6);
+wait(2.5);

package/examples/typewriter.manic

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+// Typewriter — text revealed letter by letter (Manim's AddTextLetterByLetter),
+// then removed letter by letter (RemoveTextLetterByLetter). `type` animates the
+// text's `trace` 0->1 (a fraction of characters shown); `erase` runs it back.
+// Declare the text `untraced` so it starts hidden, then `type` reveals it.
+//
+//   manic examples/typewriter.manic
+
+title("Typewriter");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+text(head, (cx, 150), "text, one letter at a time");
+display(head);  color(head, cyan);  size(head, 26);  hidden(head);
+
+// untraced = trace 0 = no characters shown yet
+text(line1, (cx, 320), "the quick brown fox");   color(line1, lime);  size(line1, 44);  untraced(line1);
+text(line2, (cx, 400), "jumps over the lazy dog"); color(line2, cyan); size(line2, 44);  untraced(line2);
+cursor(line2);   // this line types with a trailing cursor
+
+// --- script ---
+show(head, 0.5);
+type(line1, 1.6);     // AddTextLetterByLetter
+type(line2, 1.6);     // AddTextLetterByLetter, with a cursor
+wait(1.0);
+
+section("...and back");
+erase(line2, 1.0);    // RemoveTextLetterByLetter
+erase(line1, 1.0);
+wait(0.8);

package/examples/vector_field.manic

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+// Vector Field — a grid of arrows sampling a named field, coloured by
+// magnitude (cyan → lime → magenta), à la Manim's ArrowVectorField.
+//
+//   manic examples/vector_field.manic
+//   manic examples/vector_field.manic --record out --fps 60
+//
+// Named fields: radial, sink, swirl, saddle, wave, shear, uniform, spiral.
+
+title("Vector Field");
+canvas(1280, 720);
+
+text(head, (640, 118), "");  display(head);  color(head, cyan);  size(head, 34);  hidden(head);
+text(cap, (640, 668), "");   color(cap, dim);  size(cap, 22);
+
+// two fields, revealed in turn
+arrowfield(swirl, (640, 384), 520, 250, swirl, 15);
+untraced(swirl);
+arrowfield(rad, (640, 384), 520, 250, radial, 15);
+untraced(rad);  hidden(rad);
+
+show(head, 0.4);
+say(head, "swirl");
+say(cap, "a rotational field: (-y, x)");
+draw(swirl, 1.2);
+wait(1.0);
+
+section("Radial");
+say(head, "radial");
+say(cap, "an outward source: (x, y) — arrows grow with distance");
+par { fade(swirl, 0.5);  show(rad, 0.01); }
+draw(rad, 1.2);
+wait(1.2);

package/examples/vertical-spring.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// vertical-spring.manic — a mass bobbing on a vertical spring under gravity.
+title("Vertical spring — bobbing under gravity");
+canvas("16:9");
+text(hdr,(cx,44),"Vertical spring — a mass bobs about its stretched equilibrium"); size(hdr,22); color(hdr,cyan); bold(hdr); display(hdr);
+verticalspring(vs, (400,170), 0.7);
+untraced(vs.path);
+phase(vs, (900,190), 95);        // d vs ḋ
+well(vs, (900,470), 95);         // parabolic well (shifted by gravity)
+text(cap,(cx,h-32),"gravity shifts the equilibrium down; the well is still a parabola"); size(cap,16); color(cap,dim); display(cap);
+par { run(vs, 10); draw(vs.path, 10); }

package/examples/volume3.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+title("Volume under a surface — a double integral, made solid");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+camera3((9, -11, 8), (0, 0, 0.6), 40);
+axes3(world, (0, 0, 0), 3);
+color(world, dim);
+
+// a smooth bump
+surface3(hill, "1.6*exp(-(x*x + y*y)*0.28)", (-3, 3), (-3, 3), 28);
+color(hill, cyan); untraced(hill);
+
+// the volume beneath it, as a grid of columns (a 3D Riemann sum)
+volume3(vol, hill, 11);
+color(vol, lime); hidden(vol);
+
+// ---- timeline ----
+show(world, 0.6);
+draw(hill, 1.6);
+wait(0.4);
+show(vol, 1.0);
+orbit3(70, 32, 16, 4.5);

package/examples/volumes-solid-of-revolution.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// volumes-solid-of-revolution — Plate IX of the Problem Book, built from the
+// classic slide: y = sqrt(x) rotated about the x-axis on [0, 4]; find the
+// volume. Fig (a): the region + one red strip R(x) = sqrt(x). Fig (b): the
+// solid, with that same strip now a red DISC. The slide's equation chain is
+// replayed verbatim by rewrite: pi R^2 (thickness) -> pi ∫ x dx -> 8 pi.
+// (revolve3 spins about the vertical axis, so we stand the x-axis upright -
+//  then roll3(90) lays the finished solid back down, just like the book.)
+title("Volumes - Solid of Revolution");
+canvas("16:9");
+template("paper");
+masthead("The Problem Book", "Plate IX");
+
+// ---------- HUD ----------
+text(head, (cx, 96), "Volumes - Solid of Revolution"); display(head); cursor(head);
+text(sub, (cx, 140), `$y=\sqrt{x}$ rotated about the x-axis on [0, 4] - find the volume of the solid`); size(sub, 26); color(sub, teal); hidden(sub);
+text(cap, (cx, h - 40), ""); size(cap, 26);
+text(figl, (455, 640), ""); size(figl, 24); color(figl, dim);
+counter(vol, (w - 185, 130), 0, 2, "V = ", ""); color(vol, gold); hidden(vol);
+
+// the slide's derivation, one living equation
+equation(eqV, (955, 250), `V_{\text{disk}} \;=\; \pi R^{2}\,(\text{thickness})`, 30); hidden(eqV);
+
+// ---------- fig (a): the region and one strip ----------
+let gx = 240;
+let gy = 520;
+arrow(xax, (gx - 60, gy), (gx + 4*110 + 60, gy)); untraced(xax); stroke(xax, 3); tag(xax, f2);
+arrow(yax, (gx, gy), (gx, 195)); untraced(yax); stroke(yax, 3); tag(yax, f2);
+text(xl0, (gx, gy + 26), "0"); size(xl0, 22); color(xl0, dim); hidden(xl0); tag(xl0, f2);
+text(xl4, (gx + 440, gy + 26), "4"); size(xl4, 22); color(xl4, dim); hidden(xl4); tag(xl4, f2);
+plot(rq, (gx, gy), 110, 150, "sqrt(x)", (0, 4));
+untraced(rq); stroke(rq, 4); color(rq, blue); tag(rq, f2);
+dot(rider, (gx, gy), 7); color(rider, gold); glow(rider, 8); hidden(rider); tag(rider, f2);
+area(arq, rq, 0, 0); color(arq, cyan); opacity(arq, 0.3); tag(arq, f2);
+// the representative strip at x = 2.25 (declared low, rises into place)
+rect(strip, (gx + 2.25*110, gy - 1.5*150/2 + 24), 14, 1.5*150);
+color(strip, red); opacity(strip, 0.85); hidden(strip); tag(strip, f2);
+text(rlab, (gx + 2.25*110 + 128, gy - 140), `$R(x)=\sqrt{x}$`); size(rlab, 26); color(rlab, red); hidden(rlab); tag(rlab, f2);
+
+// ---------- fig (b): the solid ----------
+camera3((5.2, -6.2, 3.6), (0, 0, 1.5), 42);
+curve3(prof, "sqrt(t)", "0", "t", (0, 4)); untraced(prof); thick(prof, 0.04); color(prof, blue);
+revolve3(ghost, (0, 0, 0), "sqrt(t)", (0, 4), 64);
+finish3(ghost, "wire=1"); color(ghost, teal); opacity(ghost, 0.35); untraced(ghost);
+revolve3(solid, (0, 0, 0), "sqrt(t)", (0, 4), 64);
+finish3(solid, "shading=smooth depth=0.2 shadow=0.2"); color(solid, gold); opacity(solid, 0.9); hidden(solid);
+// the same strip, now a red disc at x = 2.25 with R = 1.5
+prism3(slice, (0, 0, 2.25), 48, 1.5, 0.16); color(slice, red); hidden(slice);
+arrow3(rarr, (0, 0, 2.25), (1.5, 0, 2.25)); thick(rarr, 0.03); color(rarr, red); untraced(rarr);
+text(rlab3, (cx, cy), `$R(x)=\sqrt{x}$`); size(rlab3, 26); color(rlab3, red); hidden(rlab3);
+pin3(rlab3, (0.9, 0, 2.6), (0, -28));
+text(ax4, (cx, cy), "x = 4"); size(ax4, 22); color(ax4, dim); hidden(ax4);
+pin3(ax4, (0, 0, 4.2), (0, -14));
+
+// ================= timeline =================
+
+// ---- the problem
+type(head, 1.1);
+show(sub, 0.6);
+say(figl, "Fig. (a) - the region and one strip", 0.3);
+par { draw(xax, 0.6); draw(yax, 0.6); show(xl0, 0.5); show(xl4, 0.5); }
+show(rider, 0.2);
+par { draw(rq, 1.3); travel(rider, rq, 1.3, smooth); }
+fade(rider, 0.3);
+say(cap, `the region under $y=\sqrt{x}$, from 0 to 4`, 0.5);
+to(arq, x, 4, 1.6, smooth);
+par { show(strip, 0.4); shift(strip, (0, -24), 0.4, out); show(rlab, 0.5); }
+pulse(strip, 0.8);
+say(cap, `one strip at $x$, height $R(x)=\sqrt{x}$ - now SPIN it around the x-axis`, 0.5);
+cue(whoosh);
+
+// ---- the derivation begins
+show(eqV, 0.6);
+wait(0.9);
+cue(tick);
+rewrite(eqV, `V \;=\; \pi\!\int_{0}^{4}\big(\sqrt{x}\,\big)^{2}\,dx`, 0.9);
+say(cap, "each strip sweeps a disc: area pi R squared, thickness dx", 0.5);
+cue(tick);
+rewrite(eqV, `V \;=\; \pi\!\int_{0}^{4} x\,dx`, 0.9);
+say(cap, "square the square root - the integrand collapses to plain x", 0.5);
+wait(0.8);
+
+// ---- fig (b): the solid generated
+say(figl, "Fig. (b) - the solid generated", 0.3);
+fade(f2, 0.7);
+draw(prof, 1.2);
+par { turn3(prof, (0, 0, 2), z, 360, 2.4, smooth); draw(ghost, 2.4); }
+show(solid, 1.2);
+show(ax4, 0.5);
+par { show(slice, 0.5); draw(rarr, 0.5); show(rlab3, 0.5); }
+pulse(slice, 0.9);
+say(cap, `the same strip, returned as a red DISC of radius $\sqrt{x}$`, 0.5);
+wait(0.6);
+
+// ---- evaluate: the number arrives
+show(vol, 0.3);
+cue(tick);
+rewrite(eqV, `V \;=\; \pi\,\tfrac{x^{2}}{2}\,\Big|_{0}^{4}`, 0.9);
+par { to(vol, value, 25.13, 2.0, smooth); fade(ghost, 1.5); }
+cue(tick);
+rewrite(eqV, `\boxed{\;V \;=\; \tfrac{\pi}{2}\,(16-0) \;=\; 8\pi \ \text{units}^{3}\;}`, 1.0);
+cue(chime);
+flash(slice, red);
+say(cap, `$V = 8\pi \approx 25.13$ cubic units - exactly`, 0.5);
+wait(0.8);
+
+// ---- lay it down, like the book
+say(cap, "and to match the textbook: lay the axis back down", 0.5);
+roll3(90, 1.6, smooth);
+breathe(eqV, 3, 0.05, 0, 5);
+say(cap, "one strip, spun into a solid - volumes by discs", 0.6);
+wait(2.4);