@maniclang/workbench 0.1.11

package/examples/rewrite-exponential-cubic.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// rewrite-exponential-cubic.manic — solve an exponential equation as a cubic
+//
+// One substitution exposes the hidden polynomial. The example deliberately
+// reuses `work` so `rewrite` must preserve exponent depth, repeated powers,
+// factors, roots, and the exact final set without any algebra-specific verb.
+
+title("An Exponential Cubic — One Substitution, Three Roots");
+canvas("9:16");
+template("shorts");
+let unit = (w+h-abs(w-h)) / 2160;
+watermark(manicMark, (w*0.955-100, h*0.045+24), "Made With Manic");
+
+creator(me, "@anish2good name=Algebra_in_Motion tagline=See_the_hidden_polynomial yt=zarigatongy x=@anish2good web=8gwifi.org/manic accent=cyan secondary=magenta footer=social cta=Create_your_own safe=clean");
+
+if h > 1.45*w {
+  text(kicker, (cx, 145*unit), "EXPONENTIAL EQUATION · CUBIC STRUCTURE");
+  text(headline, (cx, 235*unit), "Three powers hide one cubic");
+  rect(stage, (cx, 760*unit), 940*unit, 760*unit);
+  text(topic, (cx, 435*unit), "THE EXPONENTIAL CUBIC");
+  equation(work, (cx, 720*unit), `2^{3x}-7\cdot2^{2x}+14\cdot2^x-8=0`, 49*unit);
+  equation(bridge, (cx, 925*unit), `u=2^x,\qquad u>0`, 43*unit);
+  text(note, (cx, 1080*unit), "Look for one repeated quantity before doing any algebra.");
+  wrap(note, w*0.76);
+  line(rule, (w*0.19, 1175*unit), (w*0.81, 1175*unit));
+  text(takeaway, (cx, 1255*unit), "Substitute · factor · return to the exponent");
+}
+else if w > 1.25*h {
+  text(kicker, (cx, h*0.09), "EXPONENTIAL EQUATION · CUBIC STRUCTURE");
+  text(headline, (cx, h*0.17), "Three powers hide one cubic");
+  rect(stage, (cx, h*0.50), w*0.84, h*0.56);
+  text(topic, (cx, h*0.27), "THE EXPONENTIAL CUBIC");
+  equation(work, (cx, h*0.47), `2^{3x}-7\cdot2^{2x}+14\cdot2^x-8=0`, 49*unit);
+  equation(bridge, (cx, h*0.64), `u=2^x,\qquad u>0`, 43*unit);
+  text(note, (cx, h*0.76), "Look for one repeated quantity before doing any algebra.");
+  wrap(note, w*0.66);
+  line(rule, (w*0.25, h*0.82), (w*0.75, h*0.82));
+  text(takeaway, (cx, h*0.87), "Substitute · factor · return to the exponent");
+}
+else {
+  text(kicker, (cx, h*0.08), "EXPONENTIAL EQUATION · CUBIC STRUCTURE");
+  text(headline, (cx, h*0.15), "Three powers hide one cubic");
+  rect(stage, (cx, h*0.48), w*0.86, h*0.54);
+  text(topic, (cx, h*0.25), "THE EXPONENTIAL CUBIC");
+  equation(work, (cx, h*0.45), `2^{3x}-7\cdot2^{2x}+14\cdot2^x-8=0`, 49*unit);
+  equation(bridge, (cx, h*0.61), `u=2^x,\qquad u>0`, 43*unit);
+  text(note, (cx, h*0.72), "Look for one repeated quantity before doing any algebra.");
+  wrap(note, w*0.72);
+  line(rule, (w*0.22, h*0.79), (w*0.78, h*0.79));
+  text(takeaway, (cx, h*0.84), "Substitute · factor · return to the exponent");
+}
+
+size(kicker, 23*unit); color(kicker, dim); bold(kicker); hidden(kicker);
+size(headline, 42*unit); color(headline, fg); bold(headline); hidden(headline);
+
+color(stage, panel); outline(stage, dim); opacity(stage, 0.74); hidden(stage);
+
+size(topic, 25*unit); color(topic, cyan); bold(topic); hidden(topic);
+hidden(work);
+color(bridge, magenta); hidden(bridge);
+size(note, 25*unit); color(note, dim); hidden(note);
+color(rule, cyan); stroke(rule, 2*unit); opacity(rule, 0.35); untraced(rule);
+size(takeaway, 22*unit); color(takeaway, dim); bold(takeaway); hidden(takeaway);
+
+socials(me);
+
+par {
+  show(kicker, 0.45);
+  show(headline, 0.55);
+  show(stage, 0.50);
+  show(topic, 0.45);
+  show(note, 0.45);
+  show(takeaway, 0.45);
+  draw(rule, 0.85);
+}
+show(work, 0.60);
+wait(0.85);
+
+step("expose the repeated power") {
+  say(topic, "01 · EXPOSE THE REPEATED POWER", 0.35);
+  say(note, "Every term is built from the same positive quantity: 2ˣ.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(
+    work,
+    `\left(2^x\right)^3-7\left(2^x\right)^2+14\left(2^x\right)-8=0`,
+    1.00,
+    smooth
+  );
+}
+wait(0.85);
+
+step("name the repeated quantity") {
+  say(topic, "02 · NAME IT ONCE", 0.35);
+  say(note, "Let u = 2ˣ. Because an exponential is positive, u > 0.", 0.35);
+  show(bridge, 0.55);
+}
+wait(0.85);
+
+step("become a cubic") {
+  say(topic, "03 · THE EXPONENTIAL BECOMES A CUBIC", 0.35);
+  say(note, "Only the repeated power changes name; the coefficients stay.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `u^3-7u^2+14u-8=0`, 1.00, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.90);
+
+step("factor the cubic") {
+  say(topic, "04 · FACTOR THE CUBIC", 0.35);
+  say(note, "The roots 1, 2 and 4 have sum 7, pair-sum 14 and product 8.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `\left(u-1\right)\left(u-2\right)\left(u-4\right)=0`, 1.05, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.90);
+
+step("read the cubic roots") {
+  say(topic, "05 · READ THE THREE ROOTS", 0.35);
+  say(note, "All three candidates satisfy u > 0, so none is discarded.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `u\in\left\{1,2,4\right\}`, 0.95, smooth);
+  pulse(bridge, 0.70);
+}
+wait(0.90);
+
+step("return to the exponential") {
+  say(topic, "06 · RETURN TO 2ˣ", 0.35);
+  say(note, "Undo the substitution without changing the three values.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `2^x\in\left\{1,2,4\right\}`, 0.95, smooth);
+  fade(bridge, 0.45);
+}
+wait(0.85);
+
+step("recognize powers of two") {
+  say(topic, "07 · WRITE EACH VALUE AS A POWER OF TWO", 0.35);
+  say(note, "Now the exponents can be compared directly.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `2^x\in\left\{2^0,2^1,2^2\right\}`, 1.00, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.90);
+
+step("three exact solutions") {
+  say(topic, "08 · THREE EXACT SOLUTIONS", 0.35);
+  say(note, "The hidden cubic gives three real solutions to the original equation.", 0.35);
+  rewrite(work, `x\in\left\{0,1,2\right\}`, 1.00, smooth);
+  recolor(work, lime, 0.55);
+}
+pulse(work, 0.75);
+wait(2.20);

package/examples/rewrite-integration.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+title("Rewrite Integration Steps");
+canvas("16:9");
+template("mono");
+
+text(head, (cx, 58), "Integrating by rewriting the denominator");
+display(head);
+bold(head);
+size(head, 32);
+hidden(head);
+
+text(sub, (cx, 94), "Manual integration — partial fractions by substitution");
+size(sub, 20);
+color(sub, dim);
+hidden(sub);
+
+rect(panelBox, (cx, cy + 14), w - 150, 380);
+outline(panelBox, dim);
+opacity(panelBox, 0.35);
+hidden(panelBox);
+
+text(stepTitle, (cx, 150), "");
+display(stepTitle);
+bold(stepTitle);
+size(stepTitle, 26);
+color(stepTitle, cyan);
+
+text(ruleTag, (cx, 182), "");
+size(ruleTag, 18);
+color(ruleTag, dim);
+
+text(watermark, (w - 96, h - 12), "Made with Manic");
+size(watermark, 15);
+color(watermark, dim);
+hidden(watermark);
+
+equation(work, (cx, cy + 20), `\int \frac{1}{(x - 1)(x + 2)}\,dx`, 34);
+hidden(work);
+
+equation(finalLine, (cx, h - 64), `\boxed{\,\frac{\log{\left(x - 1 \right)}}{3} - \frac{\log{\left(x + 2 \right)}}{3} + C\,}`, 34);
+color(finalLine, lime);
+hidden(finalLine);
+
+show(head, 0.45);
+show(sub, 0.45);
+show(panelBox, 0.45);
+show(watermark, 0.45);
+show(work, 0.5);
+wait(0.4);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "1. u-Substitution", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `Let\ u = x - 1,\quad \frac{du}{dx} = 1`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "2. u-Substitution", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `Let\ u = u + \frac{3}{2},\quad \frac{du}{d_u} = 1`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "3. Rewrite", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: RewriteRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{1}{3 u + \left(u - \frac{3}{2}\right)^{2} - \frac{9}{2}} \,d_u = \int - \frac{2}{3 \left(2 u + 3\right)} + \frac{2}{3 \left(2 u - 3\right)} \,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "4. Sum rule", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: AddRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int (f+g)\,d_u = \int f\,d_u + \int g\,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "5. Constant factor", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int - \frac{2}{3 \left(2 u + 3\right)} \,d_u = - \frac{2}{3} \int \frac{1}{2 u + 3} \,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "6. u-Substitution", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `Let\ u = 2 u + 3,\quad \frac{du}{d_u} = 2`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "7. Constant factor", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{1}{2 u} \,d_u = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u} \,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "8. Reciprocal", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ReciprocalRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{1}{u} \,d_u = \ln|u| + C = \log{\left(u \right)}`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "9. Simplify", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(u \right)}}{2} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "10. Back substitute", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 u + 3 \right)}}{2} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "11. Simplify", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= - \frac{\log{\left(2 u + 3 \right)}}{3} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "12. Constant factor", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{2}{3 \left(2 u - 3\right)} \,d_u = \frac{2}{3} \int \frac{1}{2 u - 3} \,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "13. u-Substitution", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `Let\ u = 2 u - 3,\quad \frac{du}{d_u} = 2`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "14. Constant factor", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{1}{2 u} \,d_u = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u} \,d_u`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "15. Reciprocal", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ReciprocalRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `\int \frac{1}{u} \,d_u = \ln|u| + C = \log{\left(u \right)}`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "16. Simplify", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(u \right)}}{2} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "17. Back substitute", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 u - 3 \right)}}{2} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "18. Simplify", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: ConstantTimesRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 u - 3 \right)}}{3} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "19. Combine", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: AddRule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 u - 3 \right)}}{3} - \frac{\log{\left(2 u + 3 \right)}}{3} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "20. Back substitute", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 u \right)}}{3} - \frac{\log{\left(2 u + 6 \right)}}{3} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+par {
+say(stepTitle, "21. Back substitute", 0.25);
+say(ruleTag, "Rule: URule", 0.25);
+rewrite(work, `= \frac{\log{\left(2 x - 2 \right)}}{3} - \frac{\log{\left(2 x + 4 \right)}}{3} + C`, 0.7, smooth);
+}
+wait(0.3);
+
+show(finalLine, 0.8);
+pulse(finalLine, 0.8);
+wait(1.0);

package/examples/riemann_rainbow.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Riemann Rainbow — the area under y = sin(x) on [0, pi], sliced into rectangles
+// that each get their own neon hue and rise into place one by one, left to right.
+//
+// A showcase for the loop layer: one `for` builds all the bars (each `hue`d by
+// its index), and a `stagger` block sweeps them in. Exact area = 2.
+//
+//   manic examples/riemann_rainbow.manic
+//   manic examples/riemann_rainbow.manic --record out --fps 60
+
+title("Riemann Rainbow");
+canvas(1280, 720);
+
+// --- parameters ---
+let ox = 190;   let oy = 560;      // origin (screen px)
+let ux = 300;   let uy = 340;      // px per unit
+let a = 0;      let b = pi;         // y = sin(x) over [0, pi]
+let n = 28;     let dx = (b - a) / n;
+
+text(head, (640, 96), "area under y = sin(x), one slice at a time");
+display(head);  color(head, cyan);  size(head, 26);  hidden(head);
+text(cap, (640, 640), "");  color(cap, dim);  size(cap, 24);
+
+// axes
+arrow(xax, (ox - 40, oy), (1180, oy));   color(xax, dim);  untraced(xax);
+arrow(yax, (ox, oy + 20), (ox, 180));    color(yax, dim);  untraced(yax);
+text(l0, (ox, oy + 26), "0");            color(l0, dim);  size(l0, 18);
+text(lp, (ox + b*ux, oy + 26), "pi");    color(lp, dim);  size(lp, 18);
+
+// the curve
+plot(curve, (ox, oy), ux, uy, "sin(x)", (a, b));  color(curve, fg);  z(curve, 5);  untraced(curve);
+
+// --- one rainbow bar per slice (midpoint heights) ---
+for i in 0..n {
+  let mid = a + (i + 0.5) * dx;
+  let h = sin(mid);
+  rect(bar{i}, (ox + mid*ux, oy - h*uy/2), dx*ux, h*uy);
+  filled(bar{i});
+  hue(bar{i}, 360 * i / n);      // each slice its own colour
+  opacity(bar{i}, 0.9);
+  tag(bar{i}, bars);
+}
+hidden(bars);
+
+// --- script ---
+show(head, 0.5);
+say(cap, "y = sin(x) from 0 to pi");
+par { draw(xax, 0.5);  draw(yax, 0.5); }
+draw(curve, 1.0);
+wait(0.3);
+
+section("Slice by slice");
+say(cap, "28 rectangles rise in, left to right");
+stagger(0.05) {
+  for i in 0..n { show(bar{i}, 0.35); }
+}
+wait(0.6);
+
+section("The area");
+say(cap, "together they fill the area under the curve = 2");
+par { pulse(curve); }
+wait(1.6);

package/examples/riemann_readout.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Riemann + Live Total — the midpoint area under y = x^2 on [0, 2.5] is
+// COMPUTED in-language with a `sum(...)` reduction, and a `counter` readout
+// tweens from 0 up to that total while the bars fill in. The number you see
+// counting is the reduction's value.
+//
+// Showcases reductions + animated numeric readouts (`counter` + `to(_, value)`).
+//
+//   manic examples/riemann_readout.manic
+//   manic examples/riemann_readout.manic --record out --fps 60
+
+title("Riemann + Live Total");
+canvas(1280, 720);
+
+let ox = 300;   let oy = 560;
+let ux = 190;   let uy = 52;
+let a = 0;      let b = 2.5;   let n = 40;   let dx = (b - a) / n;
+
+// the midpoint Riemann sum, computed at build time
+let area = sum(i in 0..n : (a + (i + 0.5)*dx)^2 * dx);
+
+text(head, (640, 90), "area under y = x^2, summed as the bars fill");
+display(head);  color(head, cyan);  size(head, 26);  hidden(head);
+
+counter(total, (950, 210), 0, 3, "area = ", "");
+display(total);  color(total, lime);  size(total, 36);  hidden(total);
+text(exact, (950, 260), "exact 125/24 = 5.208");  color(exact, dim);  size(exact, 20);  hidden(exact);
+
+// axes
+arrow(xax, (ox - 40, oy), (900, oy));   color(xax, dim);  untraced(xax);
+arrow(yax, (ox, oy + 20), (ox, 210));   color(yax, dim);  untraced(yax);
+text(t1, (ox + 1*ux, oy + 24), "1");    color(t1, dim);  size(t1, 18);
+text(t2, (ox + 2*ux, oy + 24), "2");    color(t2, dim);  size(t2, 18);
+
+// curve
+plot(curve, (ox, oy), ux, uy, "x*x", (a, b));  color(curve, cyan);  z(curve, 4);  untraced(curve);
+
+// midpoint rectangles
+for i in 0..n {
+  let mid = a + (i + 0.5) * dx;
+  let h = mid * mid;
+  rect(bar{i}, (ox + mid*ux, oy - h*uy/2), dx*ux, h*uy);
+  filled(bar{i});  color(bar{i}, magenta);  opacity(bar{i}, 0.45);  tag(bar{i}, bars);
+}
+hidden(bars);
+
+// --- script ---
+show(head, 0.5);
+par { draw(xax, 0.5);  draw(yax, 0.5); }
+draw(curve, 0.9);
+show(total, 0.3);
+show(exact, 0.3);
+wait(0.3);
+
+// bars sweep in while the total counts up to the reduction's value
+par {
+  stagger(0.03) { for i in 0..n { show(bar{i}, 0.25); } }
+  to(total, value, area, 1.6, linear);
+}
+wait(1.4);
+pulse(total);
+wait(1.0);

package/examples/robot-arm.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// ============================================================================
+//  robot-arm.manic  —  inverse kinematics, on the physics baseline (Layer 1)
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  `robotarm(id, [center], [mode], [unit])` — a two-link arm that tracks a target
+//  by inverse kinematics. Its joint rates are the analytic 2×2 inverse Jacobian
+//  times a gain on the end-effector error, so the gripper chases the target.
+//  `mode` 1 = trace a circle (default), 2 = figure-8, 0 = reach a fixed point and
+//  settle. PRE-SIMULATED with RK4; `run(id,[dur])` replays it, and `{id}.path`
+//  traces the route the gripper sweeps.
+//
+//  TO ADAPT: set mode 2 for a figure-8, or mode 0 to reach one fixed point.
+// ============================================================================
+
+title("Robot arm — tracking by inverse kinematics");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+text(hdr, (cx, 46), "Two-link arm — inverse kinematics keeps the gripper on the moving target");
+size(hdr, 22); color(hdr, cyan); bold(hdr); display(hdr);
+
+robotarm(rb, (cx, 470), 1);
+
+text(cap, (cx, h - 32), "gold shoulder + cyan forearm chase the lime ring around its circle — the gripper traces the path");
+size(cap, 15); color(cap, dim); display(cap);
+
+run(rb, 10);

package/examples/rref.manic

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// ============================================================================
+//  rref.manic  —  Gaussian elimination, animated (a template)
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  Reduce an augmented matrix [A | b] to reduced row-echelon form, one row
+//  operation at a time. Each intermediate state is drawn at the same spot, so
+//  cross-fading s{k-1} -> s{k} makes the numbers transform IN PLACE.
+//
+//  `rref(id, "row ; row ; ...", (cx,cy), [cellw], [rowh])` draws, for the given
+//  matrix (rows split on `;`, entries on spaces/commas):
+//    * static brackets (the frame the numbers fill)
+//    * one matrix per elimination state, tagged  rr.s0, rr.s1, ...  (hidden)
+//    * the row-op caption for each state:         rr.op0, rr.op1, ...
+//  rr.s0 is the untouched input; the LAST state is the RREF (for [A|b] its final
+//  column is the solution). Reveal the states in order to animate the reduction.
+//
+//  TO ADAPT: change the matrix string. A different system takes a different
+//  NUMBER of steps — add/remove reveal beats below to match (the ones past the
+//  last real state are harmless no-ops, so a few extra never hurt).
+// ============================================================================
+
+title("rref: Gaussian elimination, animated");
+canvas("16:9");
+
+text(hdr, (cx, 60), "reduce  [ A | b ]  to reduced row-echelon form");
+size(hdr, 24); color(hdr, cyan); bold(hdr); display(hdr);
+
+// the augmented matrix of the system  2x + y = 5,  x + 3y = 10
+rref(rr, "2 1 5 ; 1 3 10", (cx, cy - 10), 120, 64);
+
+text(cap, (cx, h - 56), ""); size(cap, 22); color(cap, dim); display(cap);
+
+// ---- reveal each state in place, captioned with its row operation ----
+// Per beat: fade the old op, CROSS-FADE the matrix state (identical cells sit
+// still, only the changed ones morph), then show the new op.
+say(cap, "start with the augmented matrix [ A | b ]", 0.5);
+show(rr.s0, 0.5); show(rr.op0, 0.4);
+wait(1.6);
+
+fade(rr.op0, 0.25); par { show(rr.s1, 0.5); fade(rr.s0, 0.5); } show(rr.op1, 0.4);
+wait(1.5);
+fade(rr.op1, 0.25); par { show(rr.s2, 0.5); fade(rr.s1, 0.5); } show(rr.op2, 0.4);
+wait(1.5);
+fade(rr.op2, 0.25); par { show(rr.s3, 0.5); fade(rr.s2, 0.5); } show(rr.op3, 0.4);
+wait(1.5);
+
+say(cap, "the left block is now the identity — the last column is the solution", 0.5);
+fade(rr.op3, 0.25); par { show(rr.s4, 0.5); fade(rr.s3, 0.5); } show(rr.op4, 0.4);
+wait(2.2);