@litfamily/litcodex 1.0.0

package/node_modules/@litcodex/lit-loop/skills/lit-code/references/go/backend-stack.md

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+# HTTP Backend Stack — gin + slog + validator + pgx
+
+The canonical production HTTP service skeleton. Distilled from the [CLIProxyAPI](https://github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI) codebase — a real proxy serving OpenAI / Gemini / Claude / Codex APIs in production, with SSE streaming, WebSocket upgrades, request logging, and hot-reload config.
+
+If you are tempted to pick echo or chi instead, see `libraries.md` — gin wins on ecosystem, not technical merit, and the win is large enough to matter.
+
+---
+
+## `go.mod`
+
+```go
+module github.com/your-org/myservice
+
+go 1.23
+
+require (
+    github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.1
+    github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.22.1
+    github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.2.2
+    github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
+    github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.6
+    golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
+)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Project structure
+
+```
+cmd/server/main.go          # ≤ 50 LOC; flags → run.Execute(ctx)
+internal/
+  cmd/run.go                # ~150 LOC; signal handling, config load, server.Run
+  config/config.go          # env-driven Config struct
+  api/
+    server.go               # gin.Engine setup, route mounting, http.Server
+    middleware/
+      request_id.go
+      request_logging.go
+      auth.go
+      recovery.go
+      cors.go
+    handlers/
+      users.go              # one file per resource
+      streams.go            # SSE / WebSocket endpoints
+  domain/                   # smart-constructor types (Email, UserID, ...)
+  service/                  # business logic
+  store/                    # pgx + sqlc
+  obs/
+    logger.go               # slog setup
+```
+
+---
+
+## `cmd/server/main.go`
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "log/slog"
+    "os"
+    "os/signal"
+    "syscall"
+
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/cmd"
+)
+
+func main() {
+    ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(),
+        syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+    defer stop()
+
+    if err := cmd.Execute(ctx); err != nil {
+        slog.Error("fatal", slog.Any("err", err))
+        os.Exit(1)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+That is the entire `main`. Anything more is a smell.
+
+---
+
+## `internal/config/config.go`
+
+```go
+package config
+
+import (
+    "time"
+    "github.com/caarlos0/env/v11"
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+    Host            string        `env:"HOST"             envDefault:"0.0.0.0"`
+    Port            int           `env:"PORT"             envDefault:"8080"`
+    DatabaseURL     string        `env:"DATABASE_URL,required"`
+    ReadTimeout     time.Duration `env:"READ_TIMEOUT"     envDefault:"15s"`
+    WriteTimeout    time.Duration `env:"WRITE_TIMEOUT"    envDefault:"30s"`
+    ShutdownTimeout time.Duration `env:"SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT" envDefault:"20s"`
+    LogLevel        string        `env:"LOG_LEVEL"        envDefault:"info"`
+    LogFormat       string        `env:"LOG_FORMAT"       envDefault:"json"`
+    Env             string        `env:"ENV"              envDefault:"development"`
+}
+
+func Load() (Config, error) {
+    var cfg Config
+    if err := env.Parse(&cfg); err != nil {
+        return Config{}, err
+    }
+    return cfg, nil
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## `internal/obs/logger.go`
+
+```go
+package obs
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "log/slog"
+    "os"
+)
+
+type ctxKey struct{ name string }
+var requestIDKey = ctxKey{"request_id"}
+
+func NewLogger(level, format string) *slog.Logger {
+    var lvl slog.Level
+    _ = lvl.UnmarshalText([]byte(level))
+
+    opts := &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: lvl, AddSource: true}
+
+    var h slog.Handler
+    switch format {
+    case "text":
+        h = slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, opts)
+    default:
+        h = slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, opts)
+    }
+    return slog.New(&ctxHandler{Handler: h})
+}
+
+// ctxHandler pulls request_id from ctx into every log line.
+type ctxHandler struct{ slog.Handler }
+
+func (h *ctxHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
+    if id, ok := ctx.Value(requestIDKey).(string); ok && id != "" {
+        r.AddAttrs(slog.String("request_id", id))
+    }
+    return h.Handler.Handle(ctx, r)
+}
+
+func WithRequestID(ctx context.Context, id string) context.Context {
+    return context.WithValue(ctx, requestIDKey, id)
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## `internal/api/server.go`
+
+```go
+package api
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "fmt"
+    "log/slog"
+    "net/http"
+
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/api/handlers"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/api/middleware"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/config"
+)
+
+type Server struct {
+    cfg    config.Config
+    srv    *http.Server
+    logger *slog.Logger
+}
+
+func New(cfg config.Config, logger *slog.Logger, h *handlers.Handler) *Server {
+    gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
+    r := gin.New()
+
+    // Middleware order matters — see "Middleware ordering" below.
+    r.Use(
+        middleware.RequestID(),     // 1. assign request_id first
+        middleware.Recovery(logger), // 2. recovery wraps everything
+        middleware.RequestLogger(logger),
+        middleware.CORS(),
+    )
+
+    h.Mount(r)
+
+    return &Server{
+        cfg:    cfg,
+        logger: logger,
+        srv: &http.Server{
+            Addr:         fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", cfg.Host, cfg.Port),
+            Handler:      r,
+            ReadTimeout:  cfg.ReadTimeout,
+            WriteTimeout: cfg.WriteTimeout,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+    errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+    go func() {
+        s.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "server starting",
+            slog.String("addr", s.srv.Addr))
+        if err := s.srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+            errCh <- err
+        }
+        close(errCh)
+    }()
+
+    select {
+    case <-ctx.Done():
+        s.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "shutdown signal received")
+        shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(
+            context.Background(), s.cfg.ShutdownTimeout)
+        defer cancel()
+        return s.srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
+    case err := <-errCh:
+        return err
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Notes:
+
+- `gin.New()` not `gin.Default()` — `Default()` adds `Logger()` (text format, not slog) and `Recovery()` (no logger injection). We replace both.
+- `gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)` silences debug output. Production assumed.
+- `http.Server` with explicit timeouts. The default `nil` timeouts are a DoS waiting to happen.
+- Graceful shutdown: SIGINT/SIGTERM cancels the ctx → `Shutdown(shutdownCtx)` gives in-flight requests up to `ShutdownTimeout` to finish.
+
+---
+
+## Middleware ordering — the rule that actually matters
+
+```
+RequestID    →   Recovery    →   Logger    →   CORS    →   Auth    →   Handler
+   (1)            (2)              (3)            (4)         (5)
+```
+
+1. **RequestID** is first so every subsequent middleware sees it.
+2. **Recovery** wraps everything after it. Order: a panic in CORS still gets caught.
+3. **Logger** sees the request_id and the recovered panic.
+4. **CORS** before Auth — OPTIONS preflight must return without auth.
+5. **Auth** is the last cross-cutting middleware. Per-route auth (admin-only) is mounted on a sub-router with extra middleware.
+
+```go
+// Public routes — no auth
+api := r.Group("/api/v1")
+{
+    api.POST("/auth/login", h.Login)
+    api.GET("/healthz", h.Healthz)
+}
+
+// Authenticated routes
+authed := r.Group("/api/v1", middleware.Auth(authSvc))
+{
+    authed.GET("/users/:id", h.GetUser)
+    authed.POST("/users", h.CreateUser)
+}
+
+// Admin-only routes
+admin := r.Group("/api/v1/admin",
+    middleware.Auth(authSvc),
+    middleware.RequireRole("admin"))
+{
+    admin.GET("/users", h.ListAllUsers)
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Middleware examples
+
+### `middleware/request_id.go`
+
+```go
+package middleware
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+    "github.com/google/uuid"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/obs"
+)
+
+func RequestID() gin.HandlerFunc {
+    return func(c *gin.Context) {
+        id := c.GetHeader("X-Request-ID")
+        if id == "" {
+            id = uuid.Must(uuid.NewV7()).String()
+        }
+        c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(obs.WithRequestID(c.Request.Context(), id))
+        c.Header("X-Request-ID", id)
+        c.Next()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### `middleware/recovery.go`
+
+```go
+package middleware
+
+import (
+    "log/slog"
+    "net/http"
+    "runtime/debug"
+
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func Recovery(logger *slog.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
+    return func(c *gin.Context) {
+        defer func() {
+            if r := recover(); r != nil {
+                logger.ErrorContext(c.Request.Context(), "panic recovered",
+                    slog.Any("panic", r),
+                    slog.String("stack", string(debug.Stack())),
+                )
+                if !c.Writer.Written() {
+                    c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError,
+                        gin.H{"error": "internal_error"})
+                }
+                c.Abort()
+            }
+        }()
+        c.Next()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### `middleware/request_logging.go`
+
+```go
+func RequestLogger(logger *slog.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
+    return func(c *gin.Context) {
+        start := time.Now()
+        c.Next()
+        logger.InfoContext(c.Request.Context(), "http request",
+            slog.String("method",  c.Request.Method),
+            slog.String("path",    c.Request.URL.Path),
+            slog.Int("status",     c.Writer.Status()),
+            slog.Int("bytes",      c.Writer.Size()),
+            slog.Duration("elapsed", time.Since(start)),
+            slog.String("ip",      c.ClientIP()),
+        )
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The `sloglint` linter enforces typed attrs (`slog.String(...)`) over `slog.Any("path", ...)`. Keep the form.
+
+### `middleware/cors.go`
+
+```go
+func CORS() gin.HandlerFunc {
+    return func(c *gin.Context) {
+        c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin",  "*")
+        c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+        c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*")
+        if c.Request.Method == http.MethodOptions {
+            c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusNoContent)
+            return
+        }
+        c.Next()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Note the explicit OPTIONS short-circuit — preflight must NOT go through Auth.
+
+---
+
+## Handlers — the canonical shape
+
+```go
+package handlers
+
+import (
+    "errors"
+    "net/http"
+
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+    "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/domain"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/httperr"
+    "github.com/your-org/myservice/internal/service"
+)
+
+type Handler struct {
+    Users *service.UserService
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) Mount(r gin.IRouter) {
+    api := r.Group("/api/v1")
+    api.POST("/users", h.CreateUser)
+    api.GET("/users/:id", h.GetUser)
+}
+
+type createUserReq struct {
+    Email    string `json:"email"    binding:"required,email"`
+    Username string `json:"username" binding:"required,alphanum,min=3,max=32"`
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) CreateUser(c *gin.Context) {
+    var req createUserReq
+    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+        writeBindingError(c, err)
+        return
+    }
+
+    email, err := domain.NewEmail(req.Email)
+    if err != nil {
+        httperr.Write(c, err)
+        return
+    }
+    username, err := domain.NewUsername(req.Username)
+    if err != nil {
+        httperr.Write(c, err)
+        return
+    }
+
+    user, err := h.Users.Create(c.Request.Context(), email, username)
+    if err != nil {
+        httperr.Write(c, err)
+        return
+    }
+    c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, user)
+}
+
+func writeBindingError(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+    var vErr validator.ValidationErrors
+    if errors.As(err, &vErr) {
+        out := make(map[string]string, len(vErr))
+        for _, fe := range vErr {
+            out[fe.Field()] = fe.Tag()
+        }
+        c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"errors": out})
+        return
+    }
+    c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid_json"})
+}
+```
+
+See `data-modeling.md` for the validator tag reference; see `error-handling.md` for the `httperr.Write` funnel.
+
+---
+
+## SSE streaming — the production pattern
+
+CLIProxyAPI streams OpenAI-compatible SSE for hundreds of concurrent clients. The pattern:
+
+```go
+func (h *Handler) StreamChat(c *gin.Context) {
+    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
+    defer cancel()
+
+    // 1. Set SSE headers BEFORE writing any body
+    c.Header("Content-Type",  "text/event-stream")
+    c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
+    c.Header("Connection",    "keep-alive")
+    c.Header("X-Accel-Buffering", "no") // disable nginx buffering
+
+    // 2. Obtain the flusher — REQUIRED for streaming
+    flusher, ok := c.Writer.(http.Flusher)
+    if !ok {
+        httperr.Write(c, errors.New("streaming unsupported"))
+        return
+    }
+
+    // 3. Pull chunks from upstream
+    chunks, errs := h.svc.StreamCompletions(ctx, req)
+
+    for {
+        select {
+        case <-ctx.Done():
+            return  // client disconnected, ctx cancelled
+        case chunk, ok := <-chunks:
+            if !ok {
+                fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, "data: [DONE]\n\n")
+                flusher.Flush()
+                return
+            }
+            fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: %s\n\n", chunk)
+            flusher.Flush()
+        case err := <-errs:
+            // Error mid-stream — emit as SSE event and bail
+            fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "event: error\ndata: %s\n\n", err.Error())
+            flusher.Flush()
+            return
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Key facts:
+
+- **Headers MUST be set before the first `Write`.** Otherwise gin auto-sets `Content-Type: text/plain`.
+- **`c.Writer.(http.Flusher)` is the streaming primitive.** Without `flusher.Flush()`, the response is buffered and arrives as one blob at the end.
+- **Always respond to `<-ctx.Done()`.** A disconnected client must stop upstream work — otherwise you generate tokens for nothing.
+- **The trailing `\n\n` per event is wire-mandatory** for SSE parsing. Missing it = the client never sees the event.
+
+---
+
+## WebSocket upgrade
+
+```go
+import "github.com/gorilla/websocket"  // still the canonical WS lib in 2026
+
+var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
+    ReadBufferSize:  4096,
+    WriteBufferSize: 4096,
+    CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
+        // tighten in production
+        return true
+    },
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) WebSocketEcho(c *gin.Context) {
+    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(c.Writer, c.Request, nil)
+    if err != nil {
+        slog.ErrorContext(c.Request.Context(), "ws upgrade failed", slog.Any("err", err))
+        return
+    }
+    defer conn.Close()
+
+    for {
+        mt, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+        if err != nil { return }
+        if err := conn.WriteMessage(mt, msg); err != nil { return }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+For long-lived connections, use `conn.SetReadDeadline` + `SetPongHandler` for keepalive. CLIProxyAPI's `wsrelay` package is a reference implementation.
+
+---
+
+## Database wiring — pgx pool, injected, never global
+
+```go
+package store
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+func NewPool(ctx context.Context, dsn string) (*pgxpool.Pool, error) {
+    cfg, err := pgxpool.ParseConfig(dsn)
+    if err != nil {
+        return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse dsn: %w", err)
+    }
+    cfg.MaxConns = 25
+    cfg.MinConns = 5
+    cfg.MaxConnLifetime = time.Hour
+    cfg.MaxConnIdleTime = 30 * time.Minute
+
+    pool, err := pgxpool.NewWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
+    if err != nil {
+        return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect: %w", err)
+    }
+    if err := pool.Ping(ctx); err != nil {
+        pool.Close()
+        return nil, fmt.Errorf("ping: %w", err)
+    }
+    return pool, nil
+}
+```
+
+See `sqlc-pgx.md` for queries.
+
+---
+
+## Healthcheck
+
+```go
+func (h *Handler) Healthz(c *gin.Context) {
+    if err := h.pool.Ping(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+        c.JSON(503, gin.H{"db": "down", "error": err.Error()})
+        return
+    }
+    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"ok": true})
+}
+```
+
+Mount BEFORE auth. Health checks must be unauthenticated.
+
+---
+
+## Testing the server
+
+```go
+func TestCreateUser_returns_201_for_valid_input(t *testing.T) {
+    // Given
+    h := newTestHandler(t)
+    r := gin.New()
+    h.Mount(r)
+
+    body := `{"email":"a@b.com","username":"alice"}`
+    req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/v1/users", strings.NewReader(body))
+    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+    rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+    // When
+    r.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+    // Then
+    require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, rec.Code)
+    var got struct{ ID string `json:"id"` }
+    require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+    require.NotEmpty(t, got.ID)
+}
+```
+
+See `testing.md` for full patterns (testcontainers integration, table-driven, goleak).
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+- gin docs: https://gin-gonic.com/docs/
+- CLIProxyAPI (reference impl): https://github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI
+- pgx pool: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool
+- SSE spec: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html
+- Go's `http.Server` graceful shutdown: https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown