@itwin/core-geometry 5.5.0-dev.4 → 5.5.0-dev.5

package/lib/cjs/serialization/GeometrySamples.js

@@ -1,2433 +0,0 @@
-"use strict";
-/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-* Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.
-* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.
-*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-exports.Sample = exports.SteppedIndexFunctionFactory = void 0;
-/** @packageDocumentation
- * @module Serialization
- */
-const BezierCurve3d_1 = require("../bspline/BezierCurve3d");
-const BezierCurve3dH_1 = require("../bspline/BezierCurve3dH");
-const BSplineCurve_1 = require("../bspline/BSplineCurve");
-const BSplineCurve3dH_1 = require("../bspline/BSplineCurve3dH");
-const BSplineSurface_1 = require("../bspline/BSplineSurface");
-const InterpolationCurve3d_1 = require("../bspline/InterpolationCurve3d");
-const KnotVector_1 = require("../bspline/KnotVector");
-const ClipPlane_1 = require("../clipping/ClipPlane");
-const ConvexClipPlaneSet_1 = require("../clipping/ConvexClipPlaneSet");
-const UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets_1 = require("../clipping/UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets");
-const Arc3d_1 = require("../curve/Arc3d");
-const CoordinateXYZ_1 = require("../curve/CoordinateXYZ");
-const CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1 = require("../curve/CurveChainWithDistanceIndex");
-const CurveCollection_1 = require("../curve/CurveCollection");
-const LineSegment3d_1 = require("../curve/LineSegment3d");
-const LineString3d_1 = require("../curve/LineString3d");
-const Loop_1 = require("../curve/Loop");
-const ParityRegion_1 = require("../curve/ParityRegion");
-const Path_1 = require("../curve/Path");
-const PointString3d_1 = require("../curve/PointString3d");
-const DirectSpiral3d_1 = require("../curve/spiral/DirectSpiral3d");
-const IntegratedSpiral3d_1 = require("../curve/spiral/IntegratedSpiral3d");
-const UnionRegion_1 = require("../curve/UnionRegion");
-const Geometry_1 = require("../Geometry");
-const Angle_1 = require("../geometry3d/Angle");
-const AngleSweep_1 = require("../geometry3d/AngleSweep");
-const GrowableFloat64Array_1 = require("../geometry3d/GrowableFloat64Array");
-const GrowableXYZArray_1 = require("../geometry3d/GrowableXYZArray");
-const Matrix3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Matrix3d");
-const Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal_1 = require("../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal");
-const Plane3dByOriginAndVectors_1 = require("../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors");
-const Point2dVector2d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d");
-const Point3dVector3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d");
-const Range_1 = require("../geometry3d/Range");
-const Ray3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Ray3d");
-const Segment1d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Segment1d");
-const Transform_1 = require("../geometry3d/Transform");
-const Map4d_1 = require("../geometry4d/Map4d");
-const Matrix4d_1 = require("../geometry4d/Matrix4d");
-const Point4d_1 = require("../geometry4d/Point4d");
-const AuxData_1 = require("../polyface/AuxData");
-const Polyface_1 = require("../polyface/Polyface");
-const PolyfaceBuilder_1 = require("../polyface/PolyfaceBuilder");
-const Box_1 = require("../solid/Box");
-const Cone_1 = require("../solid/Cone");
-const LinearSweep_1 = require("../solid/LinearSweep");
-const RotationalSweep_1 = require("../solid/RotationalSweep");
-const RuledSweep_1 = require("../solid/RuledSweep");
-const Sphere_1 = require("../solid/Sphere");
-const TorusPipe_1 = require("../solid/TorusPipe");
-/**
- * Static methods to create functions of type SteppedIndexFunction
- * * Convention: constant value is optional last argument, with default value 0
- * @alpha
- */
-class SteppedIndexFunctionFactory {
-    /** Returns a callable function that returns a constant value. */
-    static createConstant(value = 0) {
-        return (_i, _n) => value;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return a function that steps linearly
-     * *  f(i,n) = y0 + (i/n) * a
-     */
-    static createLinear(a, f0 = 0) {
-        return (i, n) => (f0 + a * (i / n));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return a function that steps with cosine of angles in sweep
-     * *  f(i,n) = y0 + amplitude * cos(i/n)
-     */
-    static createCosine(amplitude, sweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.create360(), f0 = 0) {
-        return (i, n) => (f0 + amplitude * Math.cos(sweep.fractionToRadians(i / n)));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return a function that steps with cosine of angles in sweep.
-     * *  f(i,n) = y0 + amplitude * sin(i/n)
-     */
-    static createSine(amplitude, sweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.create360(), f0 = 0) {
-        return (i, n) => (f0 + amplitude * Math.sin(sweep.fractionToRadians(i / n)));
-    }
-}
-exports.SteppedIndexFunctionFactory = SteppedIndexFunctionFactory;
-// cspell:word Franke bivariate
-/**
- * Implement Franke's function, a smooth bivariate real-valued function with interesting features over [0,1]x[0,1].
- * * This surface is commonly used to test interpolation algorithms. See https://www.sfu.ca/~ssurjano/franke2d.html
- * @internal
- */
-class FrankeSurface {
-    scales;
-    constructor(scales) {
-        this.scales = scales;
-    }
-    exp0(u, v) {
-        return Math.exp(-0.25 * (u * u + v * v) + u + v - 2);
-    }
-    exp1(u, v) {
-        return Math.exp(-(((u + 1) * (u + 1)) / 49 + 0.1 * (v + 1)));
-    }
-    exp2(u, v) {
-        return Math.exp(-0.25 * ((u - 7) * (u - 7) + (v - 3) * (v - 3)));
-    }
-    exp3(u, v) {
-        return Math.exp(-((u - 4) * (u - 4) + (v - 7) * (v - 7)));
-    }
-    f(u, v) {
-        const f0 = 0.75 * this.exp0(u, v);
-        const f1 = 0.75 * this.exp1(u, v);
-        const f2 = 0.5 * this.exp2(u, v);
-        const f3 = -0.2 * this.exp3(u, v);
-        if (this.scales !== undefined) {
-            const numScale = this.scales.length;
-            let f = 0;
-            if (numScale >= 1)
-                f += this.scales[0] * f0;
-            if (numScale >= 2)
-                f += this.scales[1] * f1;
-            if (numScale >= 3)
-                f += this.scales[2] * f2;
-            if (numScale >= 4)
-                f += this.scales[3] * f3;
-            return f;
-        }
-        else
-            return f0 + f1 + f2 + f3;
-    }
-    du(u, v) {
-        const du0 = -3.375 * (u - 2) * this.exp0(u, v);
-        const du1 = -(27 / 98) * (u + 1) * this.exp1(u, v);
-        const du2 = -2.25 * (u - 7) * this.exp2(u, v);
-        const du3 = 3.6 * (u - 4) * this.exp3(u, v);
-        return du0 + du1 + du2 + du3;
-    }
-    dv(u, v) {
-        const dv0 = -3.375 * (v - 2) * this.exp0(u, v);
-        const dv1 = -0.675 * this.exp1(u, v);
-        const dv2 = -2.25 * (v - 3) * this.exp2(u, v);
-        const dv3 = 3.6 * (v - 7) * this.exp3(u, v);
-        return dv0 + dv1 + dv2 + dv3;
-    }
-    uvFractionToPoint(uFraction, vFraction, result) {
-        const u = 9 * uFraction;
-        const v = 9 * vFraction;
-        return Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(uFraction, vFraction, this.f(u, v), result);
-    }
-    uvFractionToPointAndTangents(uFraction, vFraction, result) {
-        const u = 9 * uFraction;
-        const v = 9 * vFraction;
-        return Plane3dByOriginAndVectors_1.Plane3dByOriginAndVectors.createOriginAndVectorsXYZ(uFraction, vFraction, this.f(u, v), 1, 0, this.du(u, v), 0, 1, this.dv(u, v), result);
-    }
-}
-/**
- * `Sample` has static methods to create a variety of geometry samples useful in testing.
- * @alpha
- */
-class Sample {
-    /** Array with assorted Point2d samples */
-    static point2d = [
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0, 1),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(2, 3)
-    ];
-    /** Array with assorted Point3d samples */
-    static point3d = [
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 1),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 3, 0),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 2, 5),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(-3, 0, 5),
-        Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(4, 3, -2)
-    ];
-    /**
-     * Return an array of Point3d, with x,y,z all stepping through a range of values.
-     * x varies fastest, then y then z
-     */
-    static createPoint3dLattice(low, step, high) {
-        const points = [];
-        for (let z = low; z <= high; z += step)
-            for (let y = low; y <= high; y += step)
-                for (let x = low; x <= high; x += step)
-                    points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x, y, z));
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return an array of Point2d, with x,y all stepping through a range of values.
-     * x varies fastest, then y
-     */
-    static createPoint2dLattice(low, step, high) {
-        const points = [];
-        for (let y = low; y <= high; y += step)
-            for (let x = low; x <= high; x += step)
-                points.push(Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(x, y));
-        return points;
-    }
-    /** Array with assorted Point4d samples */
-    static point4d = [
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(0, 0, 0, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(1, 0, 0, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(0, 1, 0, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(0, 1, 0, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(0, 0, 1, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(2, 3, 0, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(0, 2, 5, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-3, 0, 5, 1),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-3, 0, 5, 0.3),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-3, 0, 5, -0.2),
-        Point4d_1.Point4d.create(4, 3, -2, 1)
-    ];
-    /** Array with assorted nonzero vector samples. */
-    static createNonZeroVectors() {
-        return [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, 1),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(-1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, -1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, -1),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createPolar(1.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20)),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createSpherical(1.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createPolar(2.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20)),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createSpherical(2.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(2, 3, 0),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Array with assorted nonzero Vector2d samples */
-    static vector2d = [
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(1, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(0, 1),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(0, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(-1, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(0, -1),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(0, 0),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.createPolar(1.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20)),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.createPolar(2.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(20)),
-        Point2dVector2d_1.Vector2d.create(2, 3),
-    ];
-    /** Return an array with assorted Range3d samples */
-    static createRange3ds() {
-        return [
-            Range_1.Range3d.createXYZXYZ(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1),
-            Range_1.Range3d.createXYZ(1, 2, 3),
-            Range_1.Range3d.createXYZXYZ(-2, -3, 1, 200, 301, 8),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Create 5 points of a (axis aligned) rectangle with corners (x0,y0) and (x0+ax, y0 + ay) */
-    static createRectangleXY(x0, y0, ax, ay, z = 0) {
-        return [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + ax, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + ax, y0 + ay, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0 + ay, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Create 5 points of a (axis aligned) rectangle with corners (cx-ax,cy-ay) and (cx+ax,cy+ay) */
-    static createCenteredRectangleXY(cx, cy, ax, ay, z = 0) {
-        return this.createRectangleXY(cx - ax, cy - ay, 2 * ax, 2 * ay, z);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Access the last point in the array. push another shifted by dx,dy,dz.
-     * * No push if all are 0.
-     * * If array is empty, push a leading 000
-     */
-    static pushMove(data, dx, dy, dz = 0.0) {
-        if (data.length === 0)
-            data.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0));
-        const back = data[data.length - 1];
-        if (dx !== 0 || dy !== 0 || dz !== 0)
-            data.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(back.x + dx, back.y + dy, back.z + dz));
-    }
-    /** Return an array with numPoints on the unit circle (counting closure) */
-    static createUnitCircle(numPoints) {
-        const points = [];
-        const dTheta = Geometry_1.Geometry.safeDivideFraction(Math.PI * 2, numPoints - 1, 0.0);
-        for (let i = 0; i + 1 < numPoints; i++) {
-            const theta = i * dTheta;
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(Math.cos(theta), Math.sin(theta), 0.0));
-        }
-        points.push(points[0].clone());
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create points for an L shaped polygon
-     * * lower left at x0,y0.
-     * * ax,ay are larger side lengths (lower left to corners along x and y directions)
-     * * bx,by are smaller side lengths (inner corner to points along x and y directions)
-     */
-    static createLShapedPolygon(x0, y0, ax, ay, bx, by, z = 0) {
-        return [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + ax, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + ax, y0 + by),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + bx, y0 + by),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + bx, y0 + ay, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0 + ay, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Create assorted clip planes. */
-    static createClipPlanes() {
-        const plane0 = ClipPlane_1.ClipPlane.createNormalAndDistance(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 0, 0), 2.0);
-        const plane1 = plane0.cloneNegated();
-        const plane2 = plane1.clone();
-        plane2.setFlags(true, true);
-        return [
-            plane0, plane1, plane2,
-            ClipPlane_1.ClipPlane.createNormalAndDistance(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(3, 4, 0), 2.0),
-            ClipPlane_1.ClipPlane.createEdgeXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(24, 32, 0)),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * * A first-quadrant unit square
-     * * Two squares -- first and fourth quadrant unit squares
-     * * Three squares -- first, second and fourth quadrant unit squares
-     */
-    static createClipPlaneSets() {
-        const result = [];
-        const quadrant1 = ConvexClipPlaneSet_1.ConvexClipPlaneSet.createXYBox(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        result.push(UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets_1.UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets.createConvexSets([quadrant1.clone()]));
-        const quadrant2 = ConvexClipPlaneSet_1.ConvexClipPlaneSet.createXYBox(-1, 0, 0, 1);
-        const quadrant4 = ConvexClipPlaneSet_1.ConvexClipPlaneSet.createXYBox(0, -1, 1, 0);
-        result.push(UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets_1.UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets.createConvexSets([
-            quadrant1.clone(),
-            quadrant4.clone(),
-        ]));
-        result.push(UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets_1.UnionOfConvexClipPlaneSets.createConvexSets([
-            quadrant1.clone(),
-            quadrant2.clone(),
-            quadrant4.clone(),
-        ]));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create (unweighted) bspline curves.
-     * order varies from 2 to 5
-     */
-    static createBsplineCurves(includeMultipleKnots = false) {
-        const result = [];
-        const yScale = 0.1;
-        for (const order of [2, 3, 4, 5]) {
-            const points = [];
-            for (const x of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7]) {
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x, yScale * (1 + x * x), 0.0));
-            }
-            const curve = BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots(points, order);
-            result.push(curve);
-        }
-        if (includeMultipleKnots) {
-            const interiorKnotCandidates = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8];
-            for (const order of [3, 4]) {
-                const numPoints = 8;
-                const points = [];
-                for (let i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
-                    points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(i, i * i, 0));
-                const knots = [];
-                for (let i = 0; i < order - 1; i++)
-                    knots.push(0);
-                const numInteriorNeeded = numPoints - order;
-                for (let i = 0; i < numInteriorNeeded; i++)
-                    knots.push(interiorKnotCandidates[i]);
-                const lastKnot = knots[knots.length - 1] + 1;
-                for (let i = 0; i < order - 1; i++)
-                    knots.push(lastKnot);
-                const curve = BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.create(points, knots, order);
-                if (curve)
-                    result.push(curve);
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create weighted bspline curves.
-     * order varies from 2 to 5
-     */
-    static createBspline3dHCurves() {
-        const result = [];
-        const yScale = 0.1;
-        for (const weightVariation of [0, 0.125]) {
-            for (const order of [2, 3, 4, 5]) {
-                const points = [];
-                for (const x of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7]) {
-                    points.push(Point4d_1.Point4d.create(x, yScale * (1 + x * x), 0.0, 1.0 + weightVariation * Math.sin(x * Math.PI * 0.25)));
-                }
-                const curve = BSplineCurve3dH_1.BSplineCurve3dH.createUniformKnots(points, order);
-                result.push(curve);
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create various orders of non-rational B-spline curves with helical poles. */
-    static createBsplineCurveHelices(radius, height, numTurns, numSamplesPerTurn) {
-        const pts = [];
-        const zDelta = (height / numTurns) / numSamplesPerTurn;
-        const aDelta = 2 * Math.PI / numSamplesPerTurn;
-        for (let iTurn = 0; iTurn < numTurns; ++iTurn) {
-            for (let iSample = 0; iSample < numSamplesPerTurn; iSample++) {
-                pts.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(radius * Math.cos(iSample * aDelta), radius * Math.sin(iSample * aDelta), pts.length * zDelta));
-            }
-        }
-        const result = [];
-        for (const order of [2, 3, 4, 9, 16, 25]) {
-            if (order > pts.length)
-                continue;
-            const curve = BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots(pts, order);
-            if (curve !== undefined)
-                result.push(curve);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create weighted bsplines for circular arcs. */
-    static createBspline3dHArcs() {
-        const result = [];
-        const halfRadians = Angle_1.Angle.degreesToRadians(60.0);
-        const c = Math.cos(halfRadians);
-        const s = Math.sin(halfRadians);
-        // const sec = 1.0 / c;
-        // const t = s / c;
-        const points = [
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(1, 0, 0, 1),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(c, s, 0, c),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-c, s, 0, 1),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-1, 0, 0, c),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(-c, -s, 0, 1),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(c, -s, 0, c),
-            Point4d_1.Point4d.create(1, 0, 0, 1),
-        ];
-        const knots = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3];
-        const curve = BSplineCurve3dH_1.BSplineCurve3dH.create(points, knots, 3);
-        result.push(curve);
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return array   [x,y,z,w] bspline control points for an arc in 90 degree bspline spans.
-     * @param points array of [x,y,z,w]
-     * @param center center of arc
-     * @param axes matrix with 0 and 90 degree axes
-     * @param radius0 radius multiplier for x direction.
-     * @param radius90 radius multiplier for y direction.
-     * @param applyWeightsToXYZ
-     */
-    static createBsplineArc90SectionToXYZWArrays(center, axes, radius0, radius90, applyWeightsToXYZ) {
-        const a = Math.sqrt(0.5);
-        const xyz = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create();
-        Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.xyzPlusMatrixTimesCoordinates(center, axes, radius0, 0.0, 0, xyz);
-        const controlPoints = [];
-        controlPoints.push([xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, 1.0]);
-        const cornerTrig = [1, 1, -1, -1, 1];
-        const axisTrig = [1, 0, -1, 0, 1];
-        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.xyzPlusMatrixTimesCoordinates(center, axes, radius0 * cornerTrig[i + 1], radius90 * cornerTrig[i], 0, xyz);
-            controlPoints.push([xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, a]);
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.xyzPlusMatrixTimesCoordinates(center, axes, radius0 * axisTrig[i + 1], radius90 * axisTrig[i], 0, xyz);
-            controlPoints.push([xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, 1.0]);
-        }
-        if (applyWeightsToXYZ) {
-            for (const xyzw of controlPoints) {
-                const b = xyzw[3];
-                xyzw[0] *= b;
-                xyzw[1] *= b;
-                xyzw[2] *= b;
-            }
-        }
-        return controlPoints;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create both unweighted and weighted bspline curves.
-     * (This is the combined results from createBsplineCurves and createBspline3dHCurves)
-     */
-    static createMixedBsplineCurves() {
-        const arrayA = Sample.createBsplineCurves();
-        const arrayB = Sample.createBspline3dHCurves();
-        const result = [];
-        for (const a of arrayA)
-            result.push(a);
-        for (const b of arrayB)
-            result.push(b);
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create a plane from origin and normal coordinates -- default to 001 normal if needed. */
-    static createPlane(x, y, z, u, v, w) {
-        const point = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x, y, z);
-        const vector = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(u, v, w).normalize();
-        if (vector) {
-            const plane = Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal_1.Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.create(point, vector);
-            if (plane)
-                return plane;
-        }
-        return Sample.createPlane(x, y, z, u, v, 1);
-    }
-    /** Create ray from (x,y,z) and direction components.   (Normalize the direction) */
-    static createRay(x, y, z, u, v, w) {
-        return Ray3d_1.Ray3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x, y, z), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(u, v, w).normalize());
-    }
-    /** Assorted Plane3dBYOriginAndUnitNormal */
-    static plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal = [
-        Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal_1.Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.createXYPlane(),
-        Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal_1.Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.createYZPlane(),
-        Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal_1.Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.createZXPlane(),
-        Sample.createPlane(0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1),
-        Sample.createPlane(1, 2, 3, 2, 4, -1),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted Ray3d, not all unit direction vectors. */
-    static ray3d = [
-        Sample.createRay(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0),
-        Sample.createRay(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0),
-        Sample.createRay(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
-        Sample.createRay(0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0),
-        Sample.createRay(1, 2, 3, 4, 2, -1),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted angles.  All principal directions, some others included. */
-    static angle = [
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0),
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(90),
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(180),
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(-90),
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(30),
-        Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(-105),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted angle sweeps */
-    static angleSweep = [
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 90),
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 180),
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-90, 0),
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, -90),
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 30),
-        AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(45, 110),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted line segments */
-    static lineSegment3d = [
-        LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0)),
-        LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0)),
-        LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 1)),
-        LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(-2, -3, 0.5)),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted lines strings */
-    static createLineStrings() {
-        return [
-            LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createPoints([
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            ]),
-            LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createPoints([
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-            ]),
-            LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createPoints([
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 2, 0),
-            ]),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Assorted Range1d: single point, null, simple forward, simple reverse */
-    static range1d = [
-        Range_1.Range1d.createX(1),
-        Range_1.Range1d.createNull(),
-        Range_1.Range1d.createXX(1, 2),
-        Range_1.Range1d.createXX(2, 1),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted range2d: single point, null, 2 point with various creation orders. */
-    static range2d = [
-        Range_1.Range2d.createXY(1, 2),
-        Range_1.Range2d.createNull(),
-        Range_1.Range2d.createXYXY(1, 2, 0, 3),
-        Range_1.Range2d.createXYXY(1, 2, 3, 4),
-    ];
-    /** Assorted range2d: single point, null, 2 point with various creation orders. */
-    static range3d = [
-        Range_1.Range3d.createXYZ(1, 2, 3),
-        Range_1.Range3d.createNull(),
-        Range_1.Range3d.createXYZXYZ(1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 7),
-        Range_1.Range3d.createXYZXYZ(1, 2, 3, -2, -4, -1),
-    ];
-    /**
-     * Assorted Matrix3d:
-     * * identity
-     * * rotation around x
-     * * rotation around general vector
-     * * uniform scale
-     * * nonuniform scale (including negative scales!)
-     */
-    static createMatrix3dArray() {
-        return [
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createIdentity(),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 0, 0), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, -2, 5), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(-6.0)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 2, 3), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(49.0)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createUniformScale(2.0),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createScale(1, 1, -1),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createScale(2, 3, 4),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Assorted invertible transforms. */
-    static createInvertibleTransforms() {
-        return [
-            Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createTranslationXYZ(1, 2, 0),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createTranslationXYZ(1, 2, 3),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(4, 1, -2), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createUniformScale(2.0)),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(4, 1, -2), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 2, 3), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(10))),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return an array of Matrix3d with various skew and scale.  This includes at least:
-     * * identity
-     * * 3 distinct diagonals.
-     * * The distinct diagonal base with smaller value added to other 6 spots in succession.
-     * * the distinct diagonals with all others also smaller non-zeros.
-     */
-    static createScaleSkewMatrix3d() {
-        return [
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 2, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 2, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 0, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 0, 0, 6, 1, 0, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 1, 7),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(5, 2, 3, 2, 6, 1, -1, 2, 7),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return an array of singular Matrix3d. This includes at least:
-     * * all zeros
-     * * one non-zero column
-     * * two independent columns, third is zero
-     * * two independent columns, third is sum of those
-     * * two independent columns, third is copy of one
-     */
-    static createSingularMatrix3d() {
-        const vectorU = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(2, 3, 6);
-        const vectorV = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(-1, 5, 2);
-        const vectorUPlusV = vectorU.plus(vectorV);
-        const vector0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createZero();
-        return [
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createZero(),
-            // one non-zero column
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vector0, vector0),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vector0, vectorU, vector0),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vector0, vector0, vectorU),
-            // two independent non-zero columns with one zero column
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vectorV, vector0),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vector0, vectorU, vectorV),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vector0, vectorV),
-            // two independent columns with one dependent column
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vectorV, vectorUPlusV),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vectorUPlusV, vectorV),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorUPlusV, vectorU, vectorV),
-            // two independent with columns with one duplicate column
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vectorU, vectorV),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorU, vectorV, vectorU),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorV, vectorU, vectorU),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return an array of rigid transforms. This includes (at least)
-     *   * Identity
-     *   * translation with identity matrix
-     *   * rotation around origin and arbitrary vector
-     *   * rotation around space point and arbitrary vector
-     * * use given refDistance is crude distance of translation and distance to fixed point.
-     */
-    static createRigidTransforms(distanceScale = 4.0) {
-        const distanceScale3 = distanceScale / 3.0;
-        const distanceScale4 = distanceScale / 4.0;
-        return [
-            Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createTranslationXYZ(distanceScale3 * 1, distanceScale3 * 2, distanceScale3 * 3),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10))),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(distanceScale4 * 4, distanceScale4 * 1, -distanceScale4 * 2), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 2, 3), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10))),
-            Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(distanceScale4 * 4, distanceScale4 * 1, -distanceScale4 * 2), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(-2, 1, 4), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(35))),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Return a single rigid transform with all terms nonzero. */
-    static createMessyRigidTransform(fixedPoint) {
-        return Transform_1.Transform.createFixedPointAndMatrix(fixedPoint ? fixedPoint : Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0.3, -0.2, 1.2), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15.7)));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return various rigid matrices:
-     * * identity
-     * * small rotations around x, y, z
-     * * small rotation around (1,2,3)
-     */
-    static createRigidAxes() {
-        return [
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createIdentity(),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-            Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 2, 3), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10)),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return various Matrix4d
-     * * Simple promotion of each Sample.createInvertibleTransforms ()
-     * * optional nasty [1,2,3,4...15] row order
-     * @param includeIrregular if true, include [1,2,..15] row major
-     */ // promote each transform[] to a Matrix4d.
-    static createMatrix4ds(includeIrregular = false) {
-        const result = [];
-        let transform;
-        for (transform of Sample.createInvertibleTransforms())
-            result.push(Matrix4d_1.Matrix4d.createTransform(transform));
-        if (includeIrregular) {
-            result.push(Matrix4d_1.Matrix4d.createRowValues(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16));
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create full Map4d for each `Sample.createInvertibleTransforms()` */
-    static createMap4ds() {
-        const result = [];
-        let transform;
-        for (transform of Sample.createInvertibleTransforms()) {
-            const inverse = transform.inverse();
-            if (inverse) {
-                const map = Map4d_1.Map4d.createTransform(transform, inverse);
-                if (map)
-                    result.push(map);
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Assorted simple `Path` objects. */
-    static createSimplePaths(withGaps = false) {
-        const point0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const point1 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 0, 0);
-        const p1 = [
-            point1, Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 10, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 10, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 10, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 10, 0),
-        ];
-        const segment1 = LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, point1);
-        const vectorU = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(3);
-        const vectorV = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(3);
-        const arc2 = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(point1.minus(vectorU), vectorU, vectorV, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 90));
-        const simplePaths = [
-            Path_1.Path.create(segment1),
-            Path_1.Path.create(segment1, arc2),
-            Path_1.Path.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, point1), LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(p1)),
-            Sample.createCappedArcPath(4, 0, 180),
-        ];
-        if (withGaps)
-            simplePaths.push(Path_1.Path.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 0, 0)), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 10, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(5, 0, 0))));
-        return simplePaths;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Assorted `Path` with lines and arcs.
-     * Specifically useful for offset tests.
-     */
-    static createLineArcPaths() {
-        const paths = [];
-        const x1 = 10.0;
-        const y2 = 5.0;
-        const y3 = 10.0;
-        for (const y0 of [0, -1, 1]) {
-            for (const x2 of [15, 11, 20, 9, 7]) {
-                const point0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, y0, 0);
-                const point1 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, 0, 0);
-                const point2 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x2, y2, 0);
-                const point3 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, y3, 0);
-                const point4 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, y3 + y0, 0);
-                const path0 = Path_1.Path.create();
-                path0.tryAddChild(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(point0, point1, point2, point3, point4));
-                paths.push(path0);
-                const path1 = Path_1.Path.create();
-                path1.tryAddChild(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, point1));
-                path1.tryAddChild(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(point1, Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x2, y2, 0), point3));
-                path1.tryAddChild(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point3, point4));
-                paths.push(path1);
-            }
-        }
-        return paths;
-    }
-    /** Assorted `PointString3d` objects. */
-    static createSimplePointStrings() {
-        const p1 = [
-            [Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 10, 0)],
-            [Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 10, 0)],
-            [Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 10, 0), [Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 10, 0)]],
-        ];
-        const simplePaths = [
-            PointString3d_1.PointString3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0)),
-            PointString3d_1.PointString3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 0, 0)),
-            PointString3d_1.PointString3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 5, 0)),
-            PointString3d_1.PointString3d.create(p1),
-        ];
-        return simplePaths;
-    }
-    /** Assorted `Loop` objects */
-    static createSimpleLoops() {
-        const point0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const point1 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 0, 0);
-        const point2 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(10, 5, 0);
-        const point3 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 5, 0);
-        const result = [
-            // rectangle with single linestring
-            Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(point0, point1, point2, point3, point0)),
-            // unit circle
-            Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createUnitCircle()),
-            // rectangle, but with individual line segments
-            Loop_1.Loop.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, point1), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point1, point2), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point2, point3), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point3, point0)),
-            // Semicircle
-            Sample.createCappedArcLoop(4, -90, 90),
-        ];
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a square wave along x direction
-     * @param dx0 distance along x axis at y=0
-     * @param dy vertical rise
-     * @param dx1 distance along x axis at y=dy
-     * @param numPhase number of phases of the jump.
-     * @param dyReturn y value for return to origin.  If 0, the wave ends at y=0 after then final "down" with one extra horizontal dx0
-     * If nonzero, rise to that y value, return to x=0, and return down to origin.
-     */
-    static createSquareWave(origin, dx0, dy, dx1, numPhase, dyReturn) {
-        const result = [origin.clone()];
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPhase; i++) {
-            this.pushMove(result, dx0, 0);
-            this.pushMove(result, 0, dy);
-            this.pushMove(result, dx1, 0);
-            this.pushMove(result, 0, -dy);
-        }
-        this.pushMove(result, dx0, 0);
-        if (dyReturn !== 0.0) {
-            this.pushMove(result, 0, dyReturn);
-            result.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(origin.x, origin.y + dyReturn));
-            result.push(result[0].clone());
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create multiple interpolated points between two points
-     * @param point0 start point (at fraction0)
-     * @param point1 end point (at fraction1)
-     * @param numPoints total number of points.  This is force to at least 2.
-     * @param result optional existing array to receive points.
-     * @param index0 optional index of first point.  Default is 0.
-     * @param index1 optional index of final point.  Default is numPoints
-     */
-    static createInterpolatedPoints(point0, point1, numPoints, result, index0, index1) {
-        if (numPoints < 2)
-            numPoints = 2;
-        if (result === undefined)
-            result = [];
-        if (index0 === undefined)
-            index0 = 0;
-        if (index1 === undefined)
-            index1 = numPoints;
-        for (let i = index0; i <= index1; i++) {
-            result.push(point0.interpolate(i / numPoints, point1));
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Append numPhase teeth.  Each tooth starts with dxLow dwell at initial y, then sloped rise, then dwell at top, then sloped fall
-     * * If no points are present, start with 000.  (this happens in pushMove) Otherwise start from final point.
-     * * return points array reference.
-     * @param points point array to receive points
-     * @param dxLow starting step along x direction
-     * @param riseX width of rising and falling parts
-     * @param riseY height of rise
-     * @param dxHigh width at top
-     * @param numPhase number of phases.
-     */
-    static appendSawTooth(points, dxLow, riseX, riseY, dxHigh, numPhase) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPhase; i++) {
-            this.pushMove(points, dxLow, 0, 0);
-            this.pushMove(points, riseX, riseY, 0);
-            this.pushMove(points, dxHigh, 0, 0);
-            this.pushMove(points, riseX, -riseY, 0);
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /** Append sawtooth with x distances successively scaled by xFactor */
-    static appendVariableSawTooth(points, dxLow, riseX, riseY, dxHigh, numPhase, xFactor) {
-        let factor = 1.0;
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPhase; i++) {
-            this.appendSawTooth(points, factor * dxLow, factor * riseX, riseY, factor * dxHigh, 1);
-            factor *= xFactor;
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a pair of sawtooth patterns, one (nominally) outbound and up, the other inbound and down.
-     * * return phase count adjusted to end at start x
-     * * enter return dx values as lengths -- sign will be negated in construction.
-     * @param origin start of entire path.
-     * @param dxLow low outbound dwell
-     * @param riseX x part of outbound rise and fall
-     * @param riseY y part of outbound rise and fall
-     * @param dxHigh high outbound dwell
-     * @param numPhaseOutbound number of phases outbound.  Final phase followed by dxLow dwell.
-     * @param dyFinal rise after final dwell.
-     * @param dxLowReturn dwell at return high
-     * @param riseXReturn rise x part of return
-     * @param riseYReturn rise y part of return
-     * @param dxHighReturn  dwell at return high
-     */
-    static createBidirectionalSawtooth(origin, dxLow, riseX, riseY, dxHigh, numPhaseOutbound, dyFinal, dxLowReturn, riseXReturn, riseYReturn, dxHighReturn) {
-        const data = [origin.clone()];
-        const x0 = data[0].x;
-        this.appendSawTooth(data, dxLow, riseX, riseY, dxHigh, numPhaseOutbound);
-        this.pushMove(data, dxLow, 0, 0);
-        this.pushMove(data, 0, dyFinal);
-        const x1 = data[data.length - 1].x;
-        const returnPhase = Math.abs(dxLowReturn + 2 * riseXReturn + dxHighReturn);
-        const totalDX = Math.abs(x1 - x0);
-        const numReturnPhase = Math.floor(Math.abs(totalDX / returnPhase));
-        this.appendSawTooth(data, -dxLowReturn, -riseXReturn, riseYReturn, -dxHighReturn, numReturnPhase);
-        const x2 = data[data.length - 1].x;
-        this.pushMove(data, x0 - x2, 0, 0);
-        data.push(data[0].clone());
-        return data;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Append to a linestring, taking steps along given vector directions
-     * If the linestring is empty, a 000 point is added.
-     * @param linestring LineString3d to receive points.
-     * @param numPhase number of phases of the sawtooth
-     * @param vectors any number of vector steps.
-     */
-    static appendPhases(linestring, numPhase, ...vectors) {
-        const tailPoint = linestring.endPoint(); // and this defaults to 000 . ..
-        if (linestring.numPoints() === 0)
-            linestring.addPoint(tailPoint);
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPhase; i++) {
-            for (const v of vectors) {
-                tailPoint.addInPlace(v);
-                linestring.addPoint(tailPoint);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * Assorted regions with arc boundaries
-     * * full circle
-     * * with varying sweep:
-     *    * partial arc with single chord closure
-     *    * partial arc with 2-edge closure via center
-     */
-    static createArcRegions() {
-        const result = [];
-        const center = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        for (const sweep of [
-            AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 360),
-            AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-20, 20),
-            AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 90),
-            AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 180),
-        ]) {
-            const arc0 = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0), 2.0, sweep);
-            if (arc0.sweep.isFullCircle) {
-                result.push(Loop_1.Loop.create(arc0));
-            }
-            else {
-                const chord = LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(arc0.endPoint(), arc0.startPoint());
-                result.push(Loop_1.Loop.create(arc0, chord));
-                result.push(Loop_1.Loop.create(arc0, LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(arc0.endPoint(), center, arc0.startPoint())));
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Assorted loops in xy plane:
-     * * unit square
-     * * rectangle
-     * * L shape
-     */
-    static createSimpleXYPointLoops() {
-        const result = [];
-        result.push(Sample.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 1, 1));
-        result.push(Sample.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 4, 3));
-        result.push(Sample.createLShapedPolygon(0, 0, 5, 4, 1, 2));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Assorted `ParityRegion` objects */
-    static createSimpleParityRegions(includeBCurves = false) {
-        const pointC = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(-5, 0, 0);
-        const point0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const point1 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(4, 2, 0);
-        const point2 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 4, 0);
-        const point3 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(5, 5, 0);
-        const point4 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(8, 3, 0);
-        const reverseSweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, -360);
-        const ax = 10.0;
-        const ay = 8.0;
-        const bx = -3.0;
-        const by = 2.0;
-        const r2 = 0.5;
-        const r2A = 2.5;
-        const pointA = point0.plusXYZ(ax, 0, 0);
-        const pointB = pointA.plusXYZ(0, ay, 0);
-        const pointC1 = point0.plusXYZ(0, ay);
-        const result = [
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(point0, pointA, pointB), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(pointB, pointC1, point0)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point1, bx, by))),
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(pointC, 2.0)), Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(pointC, 1.0, reverseSweep))),
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point0, ax, ay)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point1, bx, by))),
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point0, ax, ay)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point1, bx, by)), Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(point2, r2, reverseSweep))),
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point0, ax, ay)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point1, bx, by)), Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(point2, r2, reverseSweep)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point3, bx, by))),
-            ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(point0, pointA, pointB), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(pointB, pointC1, point0)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point1, bx, by)), Loop_1.Loop.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(point4, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(-r2, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, r2A))), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(point3, bx, by))),
-        ];
-        if (includeBCurves) {
-            const ey = 1.0;
-            result.push(ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, pointA), BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots([
-                pointA,
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + 1, ey),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + 1, 2 * ey),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + 2, 3 * ey),
-                Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + 1, 4 * ey),
-                pointB,
-            ], 3), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(pointB, pointC1, point0))));
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Union region. */
-    static createSimpleUnions() {
-        const parityRegions = Sample.createSimpleParityRegions();
-        const parityRange = parityRegions[0].range();
-        const ax = 3.0;
-        const ay = 1.0;
-        const bx = 4.0;
-        const by = 2.0;
-        const result = [
-            UnionRegion_1.UnionRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), ax, ay)), Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 2 * ay, 0), bx, by))),
-            UnionRegion_1.UnionRegion.create(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(Sample.createRectangleXY(parityRange.low.x, parityRange.high.y + 0.5, parityRange.xLength(), parityRange.yLength()))), parityRegions[0]),
-        ];
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Assorted unstructured curve sets. */
-    static createBagOfCurves() {
-        const parityRegions = Sample.createSimpleParityRegions();
-        const loops = Sample.createSimpleLoops();
-        const result = [
-            CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(loops[0], parityRegions[0], LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYXY(0, 1, 4, 2, 1)),
-            // a bag with just an arc
-            CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createUnitCircle()),
-            // a bag with just a line segment
-            CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0))),
-            // a bag with just a linestring
-            CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 1, 0))),
-        ];
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Assorted smooth curve primitives:
-     * * line segments
-     * * arcs
-     */
-    static createSmoothCurvePrimitives(size = 1.0) {
-        const alpha = 0.1;
-        const beta = 0.3;
-        return [
-            LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(size, 0, 0)),
-            LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(size, size, 0)),
-            Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(size, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, size, 0), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 90)),
-            Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(size, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, size, 0), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-40, 270)),
-            Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(size, alpha * size, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(-alpha * beta * size, beta * size, 0), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-40, 270)),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Assorted small polyface grids, possibly expanded by gridMultiplier */
-    static createSimpleIndexedPolyfaces(gridMultiplier) {
-        const meshes = [
-            Sample.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), gridMultiplier * 3, 2 * gridMultiplier, false, false, false),
-            Sample.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 3 * gridMultiplier, 2 * gridMultiplier, true, false, false),
-            Sample.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 3 * gridMultiplier, 2 * gridMultiplier, false, true, false),
-            Sample.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 3 * gridMultiplier, 2 * gridMultiplier, false, false, true),
-            Sample.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 3 * gridMultiplier, 2 * gridMultiplier, true, true, true),
-        ];
-        for (const m of meshes)
-            m.expectedClosure = 1;
-        return meshes;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Build a mesh that is a (possibly skewed) grid in a plane.
-     * @param origin "lower left" coordinate
-     * @param vectorX step in "X" direction
-     * @param vectorY step in "Y" direction
-     * @param numXVertices number of vertices in X direction
-     * @param numYVertices number of vertices in y direction
-     * @param createParams true to create parameters, with parameter value `(i,j)` for point at (0 based) vertex in x,y directions
-     * @param createNormals true to create a (single) normal indexed from all facets
-     * @param createColors true to create a single color on each quad (shared between both triangles in quad if triangulating)
-     * @param triangulate whether to triangulate the quads (default true)
-     * @note edgeVisible is false only on the diagonals
-     */
-    static createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(origin, vectorX, vectorY, numXVertices, numYVertices, createParams = false, createNormals = false, createColors = false, triangulate = true) {
-        const mesh = Polyface_1.IndexedPolyface.create(createNormals, createParams, createColors);
-        const normal = vectorX.crossProduct(vectorY);
-        if (createNormals) {
-            normal.normalizeInPlace();
-            mesh.addNormalXYZ(normal.x, normal.y, normal.z); // use XYZ to help coverage count!!
-        }
-        // Push to coordinate arrays
-        for (let j = 0; j < numYVertices; j++) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < numXVertices; i++) {
-                mesh.addPoint(origin.plus2Scaled(vectorX, i, vectorY, j));
-                if (createParams)
-                    mesh.addParamUV(i, j);
-            }
-        }
-        let color = 0xFF5CE51A; // arbitrary color so colorIndex is different from color.
-        const colorDiff = 0x12345;
-        // Push elements to index array (vertices are calculated using i and j positioning for each point)
-        let thisColorIndex = 0;
-        for (let j = 0; j + 1 < numYVertices; j++) {
-            for (let i = 0; i + 1 < numXVertices; i++) {
-                const vertex00 = numXVertices * j + i;
-                const vertex10 = vertex00 + 1;
-                const vertex01 = vertex00 + numXVertices;
-                const vertex11 = vertex01 + 1;
-                if (triangulate) {
-                    // Push lower triangle
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex00, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex10, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex11, false);
-                    // make color === faceIndex
-                    if (createColors) {
-                        thisColorIndex = mesh.addColor(color += colorDiff);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                    }
-                    // param indexing matches points .  .
-                    if (createParams) {
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex00);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex10);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex11);
-                    }
-                    if (createNormals) {
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                    }
-                    mesh.terminateFacet(false);
-                    // upper triangle
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex11, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex01, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex00, false);
-                    // make color === faceIndex
-                    if (createColors) {
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                    }
-                    // param indexing matches points.
-                    if (createParams) {
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex11);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex01);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex00);
-                    }
-                    if (createNormals) {
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                    }
-                    mesh.terminateFacet(false);
-                }
-                else {
-                    // Push quad
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex00, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex10, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex11, true);
-                    mesh.addPointIndex(vertex01, true);
-                    // make color === faceIndex
-                    if (createColors) {
-                        thisColorIndex = mesh.addColor(color += colorDiff);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                        mesh.addColorIndex(thisColorIndex);
-                    }
-                    // param indexing matches points .  .
-                    if (createParams) {
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex00);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex10);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex11);
-                        mesh.addParamIndex(vertex01);
-                    }
-                    if (createNormals) {
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                        mesh.addNormalIndex(0);
-                    }
-                    mesh.terminateFacet(false);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return mesh;
-    }
-    /** Create an xy grid of points in single array with x varying fastest. */
-    static createXYGrid(numU, numV, dX = 1.0, dY = 1.0) {
-        const points = [];
-        for (let j = 0; j < numV; j++) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < numU; i++) {
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(i * dX, j * dY, 0));
-            }
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /** Create simple bspline surface on xy plane grid. */
-    static createXYGridBsplineSurface(numU, numV, orderU, orderV) {
-        return BSplineSurface_1.BSplineSurface3d.create(Sample.createXYGrid(numU, numV, 1.0, 1.0), numU, orderU, undefined, numV, orderV, undefined);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a bspline surface whose poles area on circular paths.
-     * * (BUT not weighted bspline, therefore although u and v isolines "go around" they are not true circles.)
-     * @param radiusU major radius
-     * @param radiusV minor radius
-     * @param numU number of facets around major hoop
-     * @param numV number of facets around minor hoop
-     * @param orderU major hoop order
-     * @param orderV minor hoop order
-     */
-    static createPseudoTorusBsplineSurface(radiusU, radiusV, numU, numV, orderU, orderV) {
-        const points = [];
-        const numUPole = numU + orderU - 1; // degreeU wrap-around poles
-        const numVPole = numV + orderV - 1; // degreeV wrap-around poles
-        const uKnots = KnotVector_1.KnotVector.createUniformWrapped(numU, orderU - 1, 0, 1);
-        const vKnots = KnotVector_1.KnotVector.createUniformWrapped(numV, orderV - 1, 0, 1);
-        const dURadians = 2.0 * Math.PI / numU;
-        const dVRadians = 2.0 * Math.PI / numV;
-        for (let iV = 0; iV < numVPole; iV++) {
-            const vRadians = iV * dVRadians;
-            const cV = Math.cos(vRadians);
-            const sV = Math.sin(vRadians);
-            for (let iU = 0; iU < numUPole; iU++) {
-                const uRadians = iU * dURadians;
-                const cU = Math.cos(uRadians);
-                const sU = Math.sin(uRadians);
-                const rho = radiusU + cV * radiusV;
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(rho * cU, rho * sU, sV * radiusV));
-            }
-        }
-        const result = BSplineSurface_1.BSplineSurface3d.create(points, numUPole, orderU, uKnots.knots, numVPole, orderV, vKnots.knots);
-        if (result) {
-            result.setWrappable(BSplineSurface_1.UVSelect.uDirection, KnotVector_1.BSplineWrapMode.OpenByAddingControlPoints);
-            result.setWrappable(BSplineSurface_1.UVSelect.vDirection, KnotVector_1.BSplineWrapMode.OpenByAddingControlPoints);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a Bspline surface for a cone.
-     * @param centerA center at section A
-     * @param centerB center at section B
-     * @param radiusA radius at point A
-     * @param radiusB radius at point B
-     */
-    static createConeBsplineSurface(centerA, centerB, radiusA, radiusB, numSection) {
-        if (numSection < 2)
-            numSection = 2;
-        const controlPoints = [];
-        const numVPole = numSection;
-        const q1 = 0.25;
-        const q2 = 0.5;
-        const q3 = 0.75;
-        const uKnots = [0, 0, q1, q1, q2, q2, q3, q3, 1, 1];
-        const vKnots = [];
-        const dv = 1.0 / (numSection - 1);
-        for (let i = 0; i < numSection; i++) {
-            vKnots.push(i * dv);
-        }
-        const center = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create();
-        const vectorAB = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createStartEnd(centerA, centerB);
-        const axes = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(vectorAB, Geometry_1.AxisOrder.ZXY);
-        let r0, r90, v;
-        for (let iV = 0; iV < numVPole; iV++) {
-            v = iV * dv;
-            centerA.interpolate(v, centerB, center);
-            r0 = r90 = Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(radiusA, v, radiusB);
-            controlPoints.push(Sample.createBsplineArc90SectionToXYZWArrays(center, axes, r0, r90, false));
-        }
-        const result = BSplineSurface_1.BSplineSurface3dH.createGrid(controlPoints, BSplineSurface_1.WeightStyle.WeightsSeparateFromCoordinates, 3, uKnots, 2, vKnots);
-        if (result)
-            result.setWrappable(BSplineSurface_1.UVSelect.uDirection, KnotVector_1.BSplineWrapMode.OpenByRemovingKnots);
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create bspline surface on xy grid with weights. */
-    static createWeightedXYGridBsplineSurface(numU, numV, orderU, orderV, weight00 = 1.0, weight10 = 1.0, weight01 = 1.0, weight11 = 1.0) {
-        const xyzPoles = Sample.createXYGrid(numU, numV, 1.0, 1.0);
-        const weights = [];
-        for (let i = 0; i < numU; i++)
-            for (let j = 0; j < numV; j++) {
-                const wu0 = Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(weight00, i / (numU - 1), weight10);
-                const wu1 = Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(weight01, i / (numU - 1), weight11);
-                weights.push(Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(wu0, j / (numV - 1), wu1));
-            }
-        return BSplineSurface_1.BSplineSurface3dH.create(xyzPoles, weights, numU, orderU, undefined, numV, orderV, undefined);
-    }
-    /** Assorted linear sweeps */
-    static createSimpleLinearSweeps() {
-        const result = [];
-        const base = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(), 2, 3));
-        const vectorZ = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, 1.234);
-        const vectorQ = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0.1, 0.21, 1.234);
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(base, vectorZ, false));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(base, vectorZ, true));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(base, vectorQ, false));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(base, vectorQ, true));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(Sample.createCappedArcLoop(5, -45, 90), vectorQ, true));
-        for (const curve of Sample.createSmoothCurvePrimitives()) {
-            const path = Path_1.Path.create(curve);
-            result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(path, vectorZ, false));
-        }
-        // coordinates for a clearly unclosed linestring ....
-        const xyPoints = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1, 1),
-        ];
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, false));
-        // this forces artificial closure point . . .
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, true));
-        // add a not-quite-exact closure point ...
-        const e = 1.0e-11;
-        xyPoints.push(Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(e, e));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, false));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, true));
-        // make it a better closure
-        xyPoints.pop();
-        xyPoints.push(xyPoints[0]);
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, false));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, 3, true));
-        // negative sweep ...
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.createZSweep(xyPoints, 1, -3, true));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create an array of primitives with an arc centered at origin and a line segment closing back to the arc start.
-     * This can be bundled into Path or Loop by caller.
-     */
-    static createCappedArcPrimitives(radius, startDegrees, endDegrees) {
-        const arc = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(radius), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(radius), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(startDegrees, endDegrees));
-        return [arc, LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(arc.fractionToPoint(1.0), arc.fractionToPoint(0.0))];
-    }
-    /** Return a Path structure for a segment of arc, with closure segment */
-    static createCappedArcPath(radius, startDegrees, endDegrees) {
-        return Path_1.Path.createArray(Sample.createCappedArcPrimitives(radius, startDegrees, endDegrees));
-    }
-    /** Return a Loop structure for a segment of arc, with closure segment */
-    static createCappedArcLoop(radius, startDegrees, endDegrees) {
-        return Loop_1.Loop.createArray(Sample.createCappedArcPrimitives(radius, startDegrees, endDegrees));
-    }
-    /** Create assorted rotational sweeps. */
-    static createSimpleRotationalSweeps() {
-        const result = [];
-        // rectangle in xy plane
-        const base = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.createRectangleXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0), 2, 3));
-        // rotate around the y axis
-        for (const axis of [
-            Ray3d_1.Ray3d.createXYZUVW(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0),
-            Ray3d_1.Ray3d.createXYZUVW(5, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0),
-            Ray3d_1.Ray3d.createXYZUVW(-1, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0),
-        ]) {
-            result.push(RotationalSweep_1.RotationalSweep.create(base, axis, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(45.0), false));
-            result.push(RotationalSweep_1.RotationalSweep.create(base, axis, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(150.0), true));
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create assorted spheres */
-    static createSpheres(includeEllipsoidal = false) {
-        const result = [];
-        result.push(Sphere_1.Sphere.createCenterRadius(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), 1.0));
-        result.push(Sphere_1.Sphere.createCenterRadius(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), 3.0));
-        const s1 = Sphere_1.Sphere.createCenterRadius(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), 2.0, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-45, 80));
-        s1.capped = true;
-        result.push(s1);
-        // still a sphere, but with axes KIJ . .
-        const s2 = Sphere_1.Sphere.createFromAxesAndScales(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0), 4, 4, 4, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-45, 45), true);
-        result.push(s2);
-        if (includeEllipsoidal)
-            result.push(Sphere_1.Sphere.createDgnSphere(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), 3, 2, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), false));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create true (non-spherical) ellipsoids. */
-    static createEllipsoids() {
-        return [
-            Sphere_1.Sphere.createEllipsoid(Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRowValues(4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 5)), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), true),
-        ];
-    }
-    /** Create assorted cones. */
-    static createCones() {
-        const result = [];
-        const origin = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const topZ = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 5);
-        const centerA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 1);
-        const centerB = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 3, 8);
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 1), 0.5, 0.5, false));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(centerA, centerB, 0.5, 0.5, false));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(origin, topZ, 1.0, 0.2, true));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(centerA, centerB, 0.2, 0.5, false));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(origin, centerB, 1.0, 0.0, false));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(topZ, origin, 0.0, 1.0, true));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Return a TorusPipe with swept circle in xz plane rotating through an angle range around the Z axis. */
-    static createPartialTorusAroundZ(majorRadius, majorSweep, minorRadius, minorStart, minorEnd) {
-        const arc = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXYZXYZXYZ(majorRadius, 0, 0, minorRadius, 0, 0, 0, minorRadius, 0, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEnd(minorStart, minorEnd));
-        const contour = Path_1.Path.create(arc);
-        return RotationalSweep_1.RotationalSweep.create(contour, Ray3d_1.Ray3d.createZAxis(), majorSweep, false);
-    }
-    /** Create assorted Torus Pipes */
-    static createTorusPipes() {
-        const result = [];
-        const center = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3);
-        const frame = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(1, 2, 3), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(10));
-        const vectorX = frame.columnX();
-        const vectorY = frame.columnY();
-        const vectorZ = frame.columnZ();
-        result.push(TorusPipe_1.TorusPipe.createInFrame(Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(), 5.0, 0.8, Angle_1.Angle.create360(), false));
-        result.push(TorusPipe_1.TorusPipe.createInFrame(Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(), 5.0, 1.0, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(90), true));
-        result.push(TorusPipe_1.TorusPipe.createDgnTorusPipe(center, vectorX, vectorY, 10, 1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(180), true));
-        result.push(TorusPipe_1.TorusPipe.createDgnTorusPipe(center, vectorY, vectorZ, 10, 1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(45), true));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create assorted boxes. */
-    static createBoxes(capped = true) {
-        const result = [];
-        const cornerA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 3);
-        const aX = 3.0;
-        const aY = 2.0;
-        const bX = 1.5;
-        const bY = 1.0;
-        const h = 5.0;
-        const frame = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, 1), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10));
-        const vectorX = frame.columnX();
-        const vectorY = frame.columnY();
-        const cornerB = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.xyzPlusMatrixTimesCoordinates(cornerA, frame, 0, 0, h);
-        result.push(Box_1.Box.createDgnBox(cornerA, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), cornerB, aX, aY, aX, aY, capped));
-        result.push(Box_1.Box.createDgnBox(cornerA, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), cornerB, aX, aY, bX, bY, capped));
-        result.push(Box_1.Box.createDgnBox(cornerA, vectorX, vectorY, cornerB, aX, aY, bX, bY, capped));
-        const frameY = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 1, 0), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(10));
-        result.push(Box_1.Box.createDgnBox(cornerA, frameY.columnX(), frameY.columnY(), cornerA.plusScaled(frameY.columnZ(), h), aX, aY, bX, bY, capped));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create an array of points for a rectangle with corners (x0,y0,z) and (x1,y1,z) */
-    static createRectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, z = 0.0, closed = false) {
-        const points = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, y0, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, y1, z),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y1, z),
-        ];
-        if (closed)
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z));
-        return points;
-    }
-    /** Create an array of points for a rectangle with corners of a Range2d. */
-    static createRectangleInRange2d(range, z = 0.0, closed = false) {
-        const x0 = range.low.x;
-        const x1 = range.high.x;
-        const y0 = range.low.y;
-        const y1 = range.high.y;
-        return this.createRectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, z, closed);
-    }
-    /** Create assorted ruled sweeps */
-    static createRuledSweeps(includeParityRegion = false, includeBagOfCurves = false) {
-        const allSweeps = [];
-        const contour0 = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 3, 2, 0)));
-        const contour1 = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 3, 2.5, 2)));
-        const contour2 = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 4, 3.5, 4)));
-        const contour3 = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 2, 1, 7)));
-        const allContours = [contour0, contour1, contour2];
-        allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contour0, contour1], true));
-        allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contour0, contour1, contour2], true));
-        allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contour0, contour1, contour2, contour3], true));
-        allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create(allContours, false));
-        const curves = Sample.createSmoothCurvePrimitives();
-        for (const c of curves) {
-            const frame = c.fractionToFrenetFrame(0.0);
-            if (frame) {
-                const perpVector = frame.matrix.columnZ();
-                perpVector.scaleInPlace(10.0);
-                const c1 = c.cloneTransformed(Transform_1.Transform.createTranslation(perpVector));
-                allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([Path_1.Path.create(c), Path_1.Path.create(c1)], false));
-            }
-        }
-        if (includeParityRegion) {
-            const outer = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(0, 0, 5, 6, 0)));
-            const inner = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(this.createRectangleXY(1, 1, 2, 3, 0)));
-            const contourA = ParityRegion_1.ParityRegion.create(outer, inner);
-            const contourB = contourA.clone();
-            contourB.tryTranslateInPlace(0, 0, 2);
-            allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contourA, contourB], false));
-        }
-        if (includeBagOfCurves) {
-            const contourA = CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0));
-            const contourB = CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1));
-            allSweeps.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contourA, contourB], false));
-        }
-        return allSweeps;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Uniformly spaced numbers
-     * @param a0 first entry
-     * @param delta step between entries
-     * @param n number of entries
-     */
-    static createGrowableArrayCountedSteps(a0, delta, n) {
-        const data = new GrowableFloat64Array_1.GrowableFloat64Array(n);
-        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
-            data.push(a0 + i * delta);
-        return data;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create points on a unit circle
-     * @param radius first entry
-     * @param numEdge number of edges of chorded circle.  Angle step is 2PI/numEdge (whether or not closed)
-     * @param closed true to include final point (i.e. return numEdge+1 points)
-     */
-    static createGrowableArrayCirclePoints(radius, numEdge, closed = false, centerX = 0, centerY = 0, data) {
-        if (!data)
-            data = new GrowableXYZArray_1.GrowableXYZArray();
-        data.ensureCapacity(numEdge + (closed ? 1 : 0));
-        const delta = 2.0 * Math.PI / numEdge;
-        for (let i = 0; i < numEdge; i++) {
-            const radians = i * delta;
-            data.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(centerX + radius * Math.cos(radians), centerY + radius * Math.sin(radians)));
-        }
-        return data;
-    }
-    static pushIfDistinct(points, xyz, tol = 1.0e-12) {
-        if (points.length === 0 || points[points.length - 1].distanceXY(xyz) > tol)
-            points.push(xyz);
-    }
-    static appendToFractalEval(points, pointA, pointB, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const point0 = pointA.clone();
-        Sample.pushIfDistinct(points, pointA);
-        for (const uv of pattern) {
-            const point1 = pointA.interpolatePerpendicularXY(uv.x, pointB, perpendicularFactor * uv.y);
-            if (numRecursion > 0)
-                Sample.appendToFractalEval(points, point0, point1, pattern, numRecursion - 1, perpendicularFactor);
-            Sample.pushIfDistinct(points, point1);
-            point0.setFrom(point1);
-        }
-        Sample.pushIfDistinct(points, pointB);
-    }
-    /**
-     * For each edge of points, construct a transform (with scale, rotate, and translate) that spreads the patter out along the edge.
-     * Repeat recursively for each edge
-     * @returns Returns an array of recursively generated fractal points
-     * @param poles level-0 (coarse) polygon whose edges are to be replaced by recursive fractals
-     * @param pattern pattern to map to each edge of poles (and to edges of the recursion)
-     * @param numRecursion  number of recursions
-     * @param perpendicularFactor factor to apply to perpendicular sizing.
-     */
-    static createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const points = [];
-        Sample.pushIfDistinct(points, poles[0]);
-        for (let i = 0; i + 1 < poles.length; i++) {
-            if (numRecursion > 0)
-                Sample.appendToFractalEval(points, poles[i], poles[i + 1], pattern, numRecursion - 1, perpendicularFactor);
-            Sample.pushIfDistinct(points, poles[i + 1]);
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Primary shape is a "triangle" with lower edge pushed in so it becomes a mild nonconvex quad.
-     * Fractal effects are gentle.
-     */
-    static nonConvexQuadSimpleFractal(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.5, 0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0.6, 0.1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0.1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0.6, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Create a diamond with convex fractal */
-    static createFractalDiamondConvexPattern(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.3, 0.05),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.5, 0.10),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.7, 0.04),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, -1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(-1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, -1, 0),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Create l on a square, with pattern shift to both directions. */
-    static createFractalSquareReversingPattern(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.25, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.5, 0.2),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.75, -0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Create a fractal on a non-convex base and reversing pattern */
-    static createFractalHatReversingPattern(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.25, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.25, 0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.50, 0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.50, -0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.75, -0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.75, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Create a fractal on a primary L shape with a reversing pattern */
-    static createFractalLReversingPattern(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.25, 0),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.5, 0.2),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.75, -0.1),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 2, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Fractal with fewer concavity changes.... */
-    static createFractalLMildConcavePatter(numRecursion, perpendicularFactor) {
-        const pattern = [
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.25, 0.05),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.5, 0.15),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(0.75, 0.05),
-            Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.create(1.0, 0.0),
-        ];
-        const poles = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 2, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1.5, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(),
-        ];
-        return Sample.createRecursiveFractalPolygon(poles, pattern, numRecursion, perpendicularFactor);
-    }
-    /** Append interpolated points from the array tail to the target. */
-    static appendSplits(points, target, numSplit, includeTarget) {
-        const pointA = points[points.length - 1];
-        for (let i = 0; i < numSplit; i++)
-            points.push(pointA.interpolate(i / numSplit, target));
-        if (includeTarget)
-            points.push(target);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Triangle with 3 given vertices, and indicated extra points on each each.
-     * @param numSplitAB number of extra points on edge AB
-     * @param numSplitBC number of extra points on edge BC
-     * @param numSplitCA number of extra points on edge CA
-     * @param wrap true to replicate vertexA at end
-     * @param xyzA vertexA
-     * @param xyzB vertexB
-     * @param xyzC vertexC
-     */
-    static createTriangleWithSplitEdges(numSplitAB, numSplitBC, numSplitCA, wrap = true, xyzA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), xyzB = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0), xyzC = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0)) {
-        const result = [xyzA.clone()];
-        Sample.appendSplits(result, xyzB, numSplitAB, true);
-        Sample.appendSplits(result, xyzC, numSplitBC, true);
-        Sample.appendSplits(result, xyzA, numSplitCA, wrap);
-        return result;
-    }
-    /** Create a box (xyz) from half-lengths and center. */
-    static createCenteredBoxEdges(ax = 1, ay = 1, az = 0, cx = 0, cy = 0, cz = 0, geometry) {
-        if (!geometry)
-            geometry = [];
-        const x0 = cx - ax;
-        const y0 = cy - ay;
-        const z0 = cz - az;
-        const x1 = cx + ax;
-        const y1 = cy + ay;
-        const z1 = cz + az;
-        for (const z of [z0, z1]) {
-            geometry.push(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, y0, z), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x1, y1, z), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y1, z), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0, z)));
-        }
-        geometry.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(x0, y0, z0, x0, y0, z1));
-        geometry.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(x1, y0, z0, x1, y0, z1));
-        geometry.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(x1, y1, z0, x1, y1, z1));
-        geometry.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.createXYZXYZ(x0, y1, z0, x0, y1, z1));
-        return geometry;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Assorted transition spirals
-     * * (All combinations of bearing radius bearing radius length subsets.)
-     */
-    static createSimpleTransitionSpirals() {
-        // 5 spirals exercise the intricate "4 out of 5" input rules for spirals . ..
-        const r1 = 1000.0;
-        const r0 = 0.0;
-        const averageCurvature = IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.averageCurvatureR0R1(r0, r1);
-        const arcLength = 100.0;
-        const dThetaRadians = arcLength * averageCurvature;
-        return [
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("clothoid", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(dThetaRadians), undefined, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()),
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("bloss", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), undefined, arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()),
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("clothoid", r0, r1, undefined, Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(dThetaRadians), arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()),
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("biquadratic", r0, undefined, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(dThetaRadians), arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()),
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("sine", undefined, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(dThetaRadians), arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()),
-            IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createFrom4OutOf5("cosine", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(dThetaRadians), undefined, Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 0.5), Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15)))),
-            DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createFromLengthAndRadius("Arema", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), undefined, arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15)))),
-            DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createFromLengthAndRadius("ChineseCubic", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), undefined, arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15)))),
-            DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createFromLengthAndRadius("JapaneseCubic", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), undefined, arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15)))),
-            DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createFromLengthAndRadius("DirectHalfCosine", r0, r1, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(0), undefined, arcLength, undefined, Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 2, 0), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundVector(Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(15)))),
-            DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createCzechCubic(Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(), arcLength, r1),
-        ];
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a Bezier curve with significant twist effects
-     * * r and theta are circle in xy plane at steps in thetaStepper
-     * * z varies with sin(phi) at steps in phiStepper.
-     */
-    static createTwistingBezier(order, x0, y0, r, thetaStepper, phiStepper, weightInterval) {
-        if (weightInterval !== undefined) {
-            const points = [];
-            for (let i = 0; i < order; i++) {
-                const theta = thetaStepper.fractionToRadians(i);
-                const phi = phiStepper.fractionToRadians(i);
-                const weight = weightInterval.fractionToPoint(i / (order - 1));
-                points.push(Point4d_1.Point4d.create(weight * (x0 + r * Math.cos(theta)), weight * (y0 + r * Math.sin(theta)), weight * Math.sin(phi), weight));
-            }
-            return BezierCurve3dH_1.BezierCurve3dH.create(points);
-        }
-        else {
-            const points = [];
-            for (let i = 0; i < order; i++) {
-                const theta = thetaStepper.fractionToRadians(i);
-                const phi = phiStepper.fractionToRadians(i);
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + r * Math.cos(theta), y0 + r * Math.sin(theta), Math.sin(phi)));
-            }
-            return BezierCurve3d_1.BezierCurve3d.create(points);
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create various curve chains with distance indexing.
-     * * LineSegment
-     * * CircularArc
-     * * LineString
-     * * order 3 bspline
-     * * order 4 bspline
-     * * alternating lines and arcs
-     * * arc spline with corners
-     * * arc spline with smooth joins
-     * * interpolation curve 2 pts
-     * * interpolation curve 3 pts
-     * * interpolation curve >3 pts
-     * * integrated spiral (bloss)
-     * * direct spiral (half-cosine)
-     */
-    static createCurveChainWithDistanceIndex() {
-        const pointsA = [
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2, 4, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(3, 3, 0),
-            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(4, 0, 0),
-        ];
-        const result = [];
-        // one singleton per basic curve type ...
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(5, 0, 0)))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(3, 3, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 0, 0)))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(pointsA))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots(pointsA, 3))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots(pointsA, 4))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(pointsA[0], pointsA[1]), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(pointsA[1], pointsA[2], pointsA[3]), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(pointsA[3], pointsA[4]))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(// arc spline with corners
-        Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(5, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 0)), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(15, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 0)), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(25, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 0)))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(// arc spline with smooth joins
-        Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(5, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 0)), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(15, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 360)), Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(25, 0), 5, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(180, 0)))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(// 2-pt Interpolation Curve
-        InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3d.createCapture(InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3dOptions.create({ fitPoints: [pointsA[0], pointsA[1]] })))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(// 3-pt Interpolation Curve
-        InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3d.createCapture(InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3dOptions.create({ fitPoints: [pointsA[0], pointsA[1], pointsA[2]] })))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3d.createCapture(InterpolationCurve3d_1.InterpolationCurve3dOptions.create({ fitPoints: pointsA, startTangent: Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, -1), endTangent: Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(-1, -1) })))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createRadiusRadiusBearingBearing(Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 100), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(10, 75), Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 1), Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.createZero(), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundAxisIndex(2, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(30))), "bloss"))));
-        result.push(CurveChainWithDistanceIndex_1.CurveChainWithDistanceIndex.createCapture(Path_1.Path.create(DirectSpiral3d_1.DirectSpiral3d.createDirectHalfCosine(Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.createZero(), Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRotationAroundAxisIndex(2, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(110))), 50, 350, Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 1)))));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a square wave path.
-     * @param numTooth number of teeth.
-     * @param dxA x size of "A" part
-     * @param dxB x size of "B" part
-     * @param yA y for A part
-     * @param yB y for B part
-     * @param structure 1 for line segments, 2 for one linestring per tooth, 0 for single linestring
-     */
-    static createSquareWavePath(numTooth, dxA, dxB, yA, yB, structure) {
-        const dxAB = dxA + dxB;
-        const path = Path_1.Path.create();
-        // build the whole linestring ...
-        const allPoints = new GrowableXYZArray_1.GrowableXYZArray(4 * numTooth);
-        let x2 = 0.0;
-        for (let i = 0; i < numTooth; i++) {
-            const x0 = i * dxAB;
-            const x1 = x0 + dxA;
-            x2 = (i + 1) * dxAB;
-            allPoints.pushXYZ(x0, yA, 0);
-            allPoints.pushXYZ(x1, yA, 0.0);
-            allPoints.pushXYZ(x1, yB, 0.0);
-            allPoints.pushXYZ(x2, yB, 0.0);
-        }
-        allPoints.pushXYZ(x2, yA, 0.0);
-        const numPoints = allPoints.length;
-        if (structure === 1) {
-            const pointA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create();
-            const pointB = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create();
-            allPoints.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(0, pointA);
-            for (let i1 = 0; i1 + 1 < numPoints; i1++) {
-                allPoints.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(i1, pointB);
-                path.tryAddChild(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(pointA, pointB));
-                pointA.setFromPoint3d(pointB);
-            }
-        }
-        else if (structure === 2) {
-            for (let i0 = 0; i0 + 4 < numPoints; i0 += 4) {
-                const ls = LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create();
-                ls.addSteppedPoints(allPoints, i0, 1, 5);
-                path.tryAddChild(ls);
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            const ls = LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create();
-            ls.addSteppedPoints(allPoints, 0, 1, numPoints);
-            path.tryAddChild(ls);
-        }
-        return path;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create various elliptic arcs
-     * * circle with vector0, vector90 aligned with x,y
-     * * circle with axes rotated
-     * *
-     * @param radiusRatio = vector90.magnitude / vector0.magnitude
-     */
-    static createArcs(radiusRatio = 1.0, sweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.create360()) {
-        const arcs = [];
-        const center0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const a = 1.0;
-        const b = radiusRatio;
-        const direction0 = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createPolar(a, Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(35.0));
-        const direction90 = direction0.rotate90CCWXY();
-        direction90.scaleInPlace(radiusRatio);
-        arcs.push(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(center0, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(a, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, b, 0), sweep));
-        arcs.push(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(center0, direction0, direction90, sweep));
-        return arcs;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create many arcs, optionally including skews
-     * * @param skewFactor array of skew factors.  for each skew factor, all base arcs are replicated with vector90 shifted by the factor times vector0
-     */
-    static createManyArcs(skewFactors = []) {
-        const result = [];
-        const sweep1 = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-10, 75);
-        const sweep2 = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(160.0, 380.0);
-        for (const arcs of [
-            Sample.createArcs(1.0), Sample.createArcs(0.5),
-            Sample.createArcs(1.0, sweep1), Sample.createArcs(0.3, sweep2),
-        ]) {
-            for (const arc of arcs)
-                result.push(arc);
-        }
-        const numBase = result.length;
-        for (const skewFactor of skewFactors) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < numBase; i++) {
-                const originalArc = result[i];
-                result.push(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(originalArc.center, originalArc.vector0, originalArc.vector90.plusScaled(originalArc.vector0, skewFactor), originalArc.sweep));
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create edges of a range box.
-     * * Line strings on low and high z
-     * * single lines on each low z to high z edge.
-     * * @param range (possibly null) range
-     */
-    static createRangeEdges(range) {
-        if (range.isNull)
-            return undefined;
-        const corners = range.corners();
-        return CurveCollection_1.BagOfCurves.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(corners[0], corners[1], corners[3], corners[2], corners[0]), LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(corners[4], corners[5], corners[7], corners[6], corners[4]), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(corners[0], corners[4]), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(corners[1], corners[5]), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(corners[2], corners[6]), LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(corners[3], corners[7]));
-    }
-    /** Create swept "solids" that can be capped.
-     * * At least one of each solid type.
-     * * each is within 10 of the origin all directions.
-     * @param capped true to include caps
-     * @param rotationAngle angle of rotation for the angular sweep. The default is 90 degrees.
-     *      Beware that the rotation sweep created with the default or any positive angle produces a mesh with inward normals.
-     */
-    static createClosedSolidSampler(capped, rotationAngle = Angle_1.Angle.createDegrees(90)) {
-        const result = [];
-        result.push(Box_1.Box.createRange(Range_1.Range3d.createXYZXYZ(0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 5), capped));
-        result.push(Cone_1.Cone.createAxisPoints(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 5), 1.0, 1.0, capped));
-        result.push(Sphere_1.Sphere.createCenterRadius(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0), 1.0));
-        result.push(TorusPipe_1.TorusPipe.createInFrame(Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity(), 3.0, 1.0, Angle_1.Angle.create360(), capped));
-        const arcA = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createXY(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(6, 1, 0), 1.0, AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-90, 0));
-        const point0 = arcA.fractionAndDistanceToPointOnTangent(0.0, -4);
-        const pointQ1 = arcA.fractionAndDistanceToPointOnTangent(1.0, 2);
-        const pointQ2 = arcA.fractionAndDistanceToPointOnTangent(1.0, 0.5);
-        const pointR1 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(point0.x, pointQ1.y);
-        const pointR2 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(point0.x, pointQ1.y);
-        const pointR3 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(pointQ1.x - 1, pointQ1.y);
-        const pointR4 = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(pointQ1.x - 3, pointQ1.y);
-        const linestringQ1 = LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(arcA.fractionToPoint(1.0), pointQ1, pointR1, point0);
-        const linestringQ2 = LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(arcA.fractionToPoint(1.0), pointQ2, pointR2, point0);
-        const linestringQ3 = LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(arcA.fractionToPoint(1.0), pointQ2, pointR3, pointR4, point0);
-        const contourZ = Path_1.Path.create(linestringQ1.clone());
-        const contourA = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, arcA.fractionToPoint(0)), arcA.clone(), linestringQ1.clone());
-        const contourB = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, arcA.fractionToPoint(0)), arcA.clone(), linestringQ2.clone());
-        const contourC1 = Loop_1.Loop.create(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(point0, arcA.fractionToPoint(0)), arcA.clone(), linestringQ3.clone());
-        contourB.tryTransformInPlace(Transform_1.Transform.createTranslationXYZ(1, 1, 3));
-        // const contourC = contourB.cloneTransformed(Transform.createTranslationXYZ(2, 1, 4))!;
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(contourA, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, 5), capped));
-        result.push(LinearSweep_1.LinearSweep.create(contourC1, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.create(0, 0, 5), capped));
-        const axis = Ray3d_1.Ray3d.createXYZUVW(0, 8, 0, 1, 0, 0);
-        result.push(RotationalSweep_1.RotationalSweep.create(contourA.clone(), axis.clone(), rotationAngle, capped));
-        if (!capped)
-            result.push(RotationalSweep_1.RotationalSweep.create(contourZ.clone(), axis.clone(), rotationAngle, false));
-        result.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contourA.clone(), contourB.clone()], capped));
-        const transformC = Transform_1.Transform.createScaleAboutPoint(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 8), 0.5);
-        const contourC = contourB.cloneTransformed(transformC);
-        result.push(RuledSweep_1.RuledSweep.create([contourA.clone(), contourB.clone(), contourC.clone()], capped));
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create points:
-     * *  `numRadialEdges` radially from origin to polar point (r,sweep.start)
-     * * `numArcEdges` along arc from (r,sweep.start) to (r,sweep.end)
-     * * `numRadialEdges` returning to origin.
-     * * optionally include closure point at origin.
-     * @param x0 center x
-     * @param y0 center y
-     * @param radius radius of circle.
-     * @param sweep start and end angles of sweep.
-     * @param numRadialEdges number of edges from center to arc
-     * @param numArcEdges number of edges along arc
-     * @param addClosure true to repeat center as closure point
-     */
-    static createCutPie(x0, y0, radius, sweep, numRadialEdges, numArcEdges, addClosure = false) {
-        const points = [];
-        const center = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0, y0);
-        points.push(center);
-        const pointA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + radius * Math.cos(sweep.startRadians), y0 + radius * Math.sin(sweep.startRadians));
-        const pointB = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + radius * Math.cos(sweep.endRadians), y0 + radius * Math.sin(sweep.endRadians));
-        for (let i = 1; i < numRadialEdges; i++)
-            points.push(center.interpolate(i / numRadialEdges, pointA));
-        points.push(pointA);
-        for (let i = 1; i < numArcEdges; i++) {
-            const radians = sweep.fractionToRadians(i / numArcEdges);
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(x0 + radius * Math.cos(radians), y0 + radius * Math.sin(radians)));
-        }
-        points.push(pointB);
-        for (let i = 1; i < numRadialEdges; i++)
-            points.push(pointB.interpolate(i / numRadialEdges, center));
-        if (addClosure)
-            points.push(center.clone());
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * * Let ay = 4
-     * * Base polygon has vertices (0,0), (ax,0), (2*ax,0), (2* ax,ay), (ax,ay), (0,ay), (0,0).
-     * * Shift the x coordinates of vertices 1,4 by indicated amounts (0-based numbering)
-     * * Shift the y coordinates for points 1,2,3,4 by indicated amounts (in 0-based numbering)
-     * * This is useful for testing non-y-monotonic face situations.
-     * * Return as points.
-     * @param dy1
-     * @param dy2
-     * @param dy3
-     * @param dy4
-     */
-    static createVerticalStaggerPolygon(dy1, dy2, dy3, dy4, ax, ay, dx1, dx4) {
-        const points = [];
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + dx1, dy1));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2 * ax, dy2));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(2 * ax, ay + dy3));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(ax + dx4, ay + dy4));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0.0, ay));
-        points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0));
-        return points;
-    }
-    // cspell:word creat
-    /** @deprecated in 4.0.0 - will not be removed until after 2026-06-13. Use createVerticalStaggerPolygon instead. */
-    static creatVerticalStaggerPolygon(dy1, dy2, dy3, dy4, ax, ay, dx1, dx4) {
-        return this.createVerticalStaggerPolygon(dy1, dy2, dy3, dy4, ax, ay, dx1, dx4);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Make line segments for each pair of adjacent points.
-     * @param points array of points
-     * @param forceClosure if true, inspect coordinates to determine if a closure edge is needed.
-     */
-    static convertPointsToSegments(points, forceClosure = false) {
-        const segments = [];
-        const n = points.length;
-        for (let i = 0; i + 1 < n; i++) {
-            segments.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(points[i], points[i + 1]));
-        }
-        if (forceClosure && n > 1 && !points[0].isAlmostEqual(points[n - 1]))
-            segments.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(points[n - 1], points[0]));
-        return segments;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a regular polygon
-     * @param angle0 angle from x axis to first point.
-     * @param numPoint number of points
-     * @param close true to add closure edge.
-     */
-    static createRegularPolygon(cx, cy, cz, angle0, r, numPoint, close) {
-        const points = [];
-        const angleStepRadians = 2.0 * Math.PI / numPoint;
-        let radians;
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPoint; i++) {
-            radians = angle0.radians + i * angleStepRadians;
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(cx + r * Math.cos(radians), cy + r * Math.sin(radians), cz));
-        }
-        if (close)
-            points.push(points[0].clone());
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a star by alternating radii (with equal angular steps)
-     * @param r0 first point radius
-     * @param r1 second point radius (if undefined, this is skipped and the result is points on a circle.)
-     * @param numPoint number of points
-     * @param close true to add closure edge.
-     */
-    static createStar(cx, cy, cz, r0, r1, numPoint, close, theta0) {
-        const points = [];
-        const angleStepRadians = Math.PI / numPoint;
-        const radians0 = theta0 === undefined ? 0.0 : theta0.radians;
-        let radians;
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPoint; i++) {
-            radians = radians0 + 2 * i * angleStepRadians;
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(cx + r0 * Math.cos(radians), cy + r0 * Math.sin(radians), cz));
-            if (r1 !== undefined) {
-                radians = radians0 + (2 * i + 1) * angleStepRadians;
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(cx + r1 * Math.cos(radians), cy + r1 * Math.sin(radians), cz));
-            }
-        }
-        if (close)
-            points.push(points[0].clone());
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create an outer star A
-     * Place multiple inner stars B with centers on circle C
-     * @param rA0 radius to star tips on starA
-     * @param rA1 radius to star tips on starA
-     * @param numAPoint number of points on starA
-     * @param rB0 radius to star B tips
-     * @param rB1 radius to star B  tips
-     * @param numBPoint
-     * @param rC radius for inner star centers
-     * @param numC number of inner stars
-     */
-    static createStarsInStars(rA0, rA1, numAPoint, rB0, rB1, numBPoint, rC, numC, close) {
-        const loops = [];
-        loops.push(this.createStar(0, 0, 0, rA0, rA1, numAPoint, close));
-        if (numC > 0) {
-            const radiansStep = Math.PI * 2.0 / numC;
-            for (let i = 0; i < numC; i++) {
-                const radians = i * radiansStep;
-                loops.push(this.createStar(rC * Math.cos(radians), rC * Math.sin(radians), 0.0, rB0, rB1, numBPoint, close));
-            }
-        }
-        return loops;
-    }
-    static appendGeometry(source, dest) {
-        for (const g of source)
-            dest.push(g);
-    }
-    /** Create a simple example of each GeometryQuery type .... */
-    static createAllGeometryQueryTypes() {
-        const result = [];
-        const pointA = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0);
-        const pointB = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 0, 0);
-        const pointC = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(1, 1, 0);
-        const pointD = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 1, 0);
-        const pointABC = [pointA, pointB, pointC];
-        const pointABCD = [pointA, pointB, pointC, pointD];
-        const pointABCD1 = [pointA, pointB, pointC, pointD, pointA];
-        result.push(LineSegment3d_1.LineSegment3d.create(pointA, pointB));
-        result.push(CoordinateXYZ_1.CoordinateXYZ.create(pointA));
-        result.push(Arc3d_1.Arc3d.createCircularStartMiddleEnd(pointA, pointB, pointC));
-        result.push(PointString3d_1.PointString3d.create(pointA, pointB));
-        result.push(IntegratedSpiral3d_1.IntegratedSpiral3d.createRadiusRadiusBearingBearing(Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 100), AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 5), Segment1d_1.Segment1d.create(0, 0.5), Transform_1.Transform.createIdentity()));
-        result.push(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(pointABCD));
-        result.push(BezierCurve3d_1.BezierCurve3d.create(pointABC));
-        result.push(BezierCurve3dH_1.BezierCurve3dH.create(pointABC));
-        result.push(BSplineCurve_1.BSplineCurve3d.createUniformKnots(pointABC, 3));
-        result.push(BSplineCurve3dH_1.BSplineCurve3dH.createUniformKnots(pointABC, 3));
-        result.push(Loop_1.Loop.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(pointABCD1)));
-        result.push(Path_1.Path.create(LineString3d_1.LineString3d.create(pointABCD)));
-        result.push(this.createConeBsplineSurface(pointA, pointC, 1, 2, 4));
-        result.push(this.createXYGridBsplineSurface(8, 4, 4, 3));
-        this.appendGeometry(this.createClosedSolidSampler(true), result);
-        result.push(this.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(pointA, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 4, 5));
-        result.push(this.createTriangularUnitGridPolyface(pointA, Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitX(), Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitY(), 4, 5, true, true, true, false));
-        this.appendGeometry(this.createSimpleParityRegions(), result);
-        this.appendGeometry(this.createSimpleUnions(), result);
-        this.appendGeometry(this.createBagOfCurves(), result);
-        return result;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create points on a sine wave.
-     * * Point i is origin + (i * xStep, a *sin(theta0 + i * dTheta), b * sin(beta0 + i * dBeta)).
-     * * Default b is zero, so it is a simple sine wave.
-     * * If the dTheta and dBeta are equal, it is a sine wave in a tilted plane.
-     * * If dTheta and dBeta are different it is a non-planar curve.
-     */
-    static createPointSineWave(origin, numInterval = 24, xStep = Math.PI / 12, a = 1, thetaSweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 360), b = 0, betaSweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 180)) {
-        return this.createPointsByIndexFunctions(numInterval, SteppedIndexFunctionFactory.createLinear(xStep, origin ? origin.x : 0), SteppedIndexFunctionFactory.createCosine(a, thetaSweep, origin ? origin.y : 0), SteppedIndexFunctionFactory.createCosine(b, betaSweep, origin ? origin.z : 0));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create points with x,y,z independent functions of i and numInterval,
-     * Point3d.create (fx(i,numInterval), fy(i,numInterval), fz(i, numInterval));
-     */
-    static createPointsByIndexFunctions(numInterval, fx, fy, fz) {
-        const points = [];
-        if (numInterval > 0) {
-            for (let i = 0; i <= numInterval; i++) {
-                points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(fx(i, numInterval), fy(i, numInterval), fz ? fz(i, numInterval) : 0));
-            }
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Add an AuxData  (with multiple AuxChannelData) using data evaluated by a function of input and xyz.
-     * @param data existing polyface data object to receive the additional AuxChannel
-     * @param channelIndex
-     * @param name name of channel
-     * @param inputName name of input
-     * @param input0 input value for channel 0
-     * @param inputStep step between inputs (channels)
-     * @param numInput number of channels (inputs)
-     * @param dataType
-     * @param scalarFunction function to return the scalar value at (input, point)
-     */
-    static addAuxDataScalarChannel(data, channelIndex, name, inputName, input0, inputStep, numInput, dataType, scalarFunction) {
-        if (!data.auxData)
-            data.auxData = new AuxData_1.PolyfaceAuxData([], []);
-        const channelDataArray = [];
-        const xyz = Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create();
-        for (let i = 0; i < numInput; i++) {
-            const input = input0 + i * inputStep;
-            const values = [];
-            for (let k = 0; k < data.point.length; k++) {
-                data.point.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(k, xyz);
-                values.push(scalarFunction(input, xyz));
-            }
-            channelDataArray.push(new AuxData_1.AuxChannelData(input, values));
-        }
-        const channel = new AuxData_1.AuxChannel(channelDataArray, dataType, name, inputName);
-        for (const _q of data.pointIndex) {
-            data.auxData.indices.push(channelIndex);
-        }
-        data.auxData.channels.push(channel);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a mesh between concentric arcs
-     * @param edgesPerQuadrant edges per 90 degrees
-     * @param center arc center
-     * @param r0 first radius
-     * @param r1 second radius
-     * @param theta0 start angle
-     * @param theta1 end angle.
-     * @returns
-     */
-    static createMeshInAnnulus(edgesPerQuadrant, center, r0, r1, theta0, theta1) {
-        const point0 = [];
-        const point1 = [];
-        if (edgesPerQuadrant < 1)
-            edgesPerQuadrant = 1;
-        let edgeCount = Math.ceil(edgesPerQuadrant * (theta1.degrees - theta0.degrees) / 90);
-        if (edgeCount < 1)
-            edgeCount = 1;
-        for (let i = 0; i <= edgeCount; i++) {
-            const theta = Angle_1.Angle.createInterpolate(theta0, i / edgeCount, theta1);
-            point0.push(center.plusXYZ(r0 * theta.cos(), r0 * theta.sin(), 0));
-            point1.push(center.plusXYZ(r1 * theta.cos(), r1 * theta.sin(), 0));
-        }
-        point1.reverse();
-        const builder = PolyfaceBuilder_1.PolyfaceBuilder.create();
-        builder.addGreedyTriangulationBetweenLineStrings(point0, point1);
-        return builder.claimPolyface();
-    }
-    /** Create strokes on an arc at radius r0, then returning at radius r1. */
-    static createAnnulusPolyline(edgesPerQuadrant, center, r0, r1, theta0, theta1, addClosure) {
-        const point0 = [];
-        const point1 = [];
-        if (edgesPerQuadrant < 1)
-            edgesPerQuadrant = 1;
-        let edgeCount = Math.ceil(edgesPerQuadrant * (theta1.degrees - theta0.degrees) / 90);
-        if (edgeCount < 1)
-            edgeCount = 1;
-        for (let i = 0; i <= edgeCount; i++) {
-            const theta = Angle_1.Angle.createInterpolate(theta0, i / edgeCount, theta1);
-            point0.push(center.plusXYZ(r0 * theta.cos(), r0 * theta.sin(), 0));
-            point1.push(center.plusXYZ(r1 * theta.cos(), r1 * theta.sin(), 0));
-        }
-        while (point1.length > 0)
-            point0.push(point1.pop());
-        if (addClosure)
-            point0.push(point0[0].clone());
-        return point0;
-    }
-    /**
-    * Create a grid of lat-long points on a sphere.
-    * * If pole latitudes appear in the evaluation, a single point (not a circle) is evaluated.
-    * * Circles at various latitudes proceed south to north.
-    * * If first and last angles of longitudeSweep match, that meridian is not duplicated.
-    * * Longitudes can wrap freely.
-     * @param transform local to world
-     * @param numLatitudeStep number of latitude steps (poles count if they are in the sweeps)
-     * @param numLongitudeStep number of longitude steps
-     * @param latitudeSweep angle range for latitudes
-     * @param longitudeSweep angle range for longitudes
-     */
-    static createGridPointsOnEllipsoid(transform, numLatitudeStep, numLongitudeStep, latitudeSweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(-90, 90), longitudeSweep = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createStartEndDegrees(0, 360)) {
-        const points = [];
-        const numJ = numLatitudeStep + 1;
-        const jFractionStep = 1.0 / numJ;
-        let numI = numLongitudeStep;
-        const iFractionStep = 1.0 / numI;
-        if (longitudeSweep.isFullCircle)
-            numI--;
-        for (let j = 0; j < numJ; j++) {
-            const phi = latitudeSweep.fractionToRadians(jFractionStep * j);
-            const sinPhi = Math.sin(phi);
-            const cosPhi = Math.cos(phi);
-            const numIThisCircle = Angle_1.Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(phi, -90) ? 1 : numI;
-            for (let i = 0; i < numIThisCircle; i++) {
-                const theta = longitudeSweep.fractionToRadians(iFractionStep * i);
-                const cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);
-                const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);
-                points.push(transform.multiplyXYZ(cosTheta * cosPhi, sinTheta * cosPhi, sinPhi));
-            }
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Return an array of points on a circular arc.
-     * @param edgesPerQuadrant number of edges per 90 degrees
-     * @param center arc center
-     * @param r0 arc radius
-     * @param theta0 start angle
-     * @param theta1 end angle
-     * @param addClosure true to add a closure stroke
-     * @returns
-     */
-    static createArcStrokes(edgesPerQuadrant, center, r0, theta0, theta1, addClosure = true, z = 0) {
-        const point0 = [];
-        if (edgesPerQuadrant < 1)
-            edgesPerQuadrant = 1;
-        let edgeCount = Math.ceil(edgesPerQuadrant * (theta1.degrees - theta0.degrees) / 90);
-        if (edgeCount < 1)
-            edgeCount = 1;
-        for (let i = 0; i <= edgeCount; i++) {
-            const theta = Angle_1.Angle.createInterpolate(theta0, i / edgeCount, theta1);
-            point0.push(center.plusXYZ(r0 * theta.cos(), r0 * theta.sin(), z));
-        }
-        if (addClosure)
-            point0.push(point0[0].clone());
-        return point0;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a mesh with
-     *   * xy facets are 1x1 quads starting at origin
-     *   * acceptFunction is called to accept or reject each quad's lower left xy coordinates
-     * @param xzPoints array of points in the xz plane.  Expected to have increasing x and all integer coordinates.
-     * @param ySweep distance to sweep in y direction
-     * @param acceptFunction (x0: number, y0: number)=> boolean
-     */
-    static sweepXZLineStringToMeshWithHoles(xzPoints, ySweep, acceptFunction) {
-        const builder = PolyfaceBuilder_1.PolyfaceBuilder.create();
-        for (let i0 = 0; i0 + 1 < xzPoints.length; i0++) {
-            const x0 = xzPoints[i0][0];
-            const z0 = xzPoints[i0][1];
-            const i1 = i0 + 1;
-            const x1 = xzPoints[i1][0];
-            const z1 = xzPoints[i1][1];
-            for (let xA = x0; xA + 1 <= x1; xA++) {
-                const xB = xA + 1;
-                const sA = (xA - x0) / (x1 - x0);
-                const sB = (xB - x0) / (x1 - x0);
-                const zA = Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(z0, sA, z1);
-                const zB = Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(z0, sB, z1);
-                for (let yC = 0; yC + 1 <= ySweep; yC++) {
-                    const yD = yC + 1;
-                    if (acceptFunction(xA, yC))
-                        builder.addPolygon([
-                            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(xA, yC, zA),
-                            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(xB, yC, zB),
-                            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(xB, yD, zB),
-                            Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(xA, yD, zA),
-                        ]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return builder.claimPolyface(true);
-    }
-    /**
-     *  Successively move in directions in the steps array, creating numStroke total strokes.
-     * * In typical use there are two entries in the steps vector, giving the effect of stair steps if they are perpendicular.
-     * * if start is a single point, create a new point array with start as its first entry.
-     * * if start is an array, add to it.
-     * * if start is an empty array, push 000 as starting point.
-     * @param start start point or prior array of points whose last is start point.
-     * @param steps array of vectors giving step vectors.
-     * @param numStroke number of steps to take.
-     */
-    static createZigZag(start, steps, numStroke) {
-        let result;
-        if (Array.isArray(start)) {
-            result = start;
-            if (result.length === 0)
-                result.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(0, 0, 0));
-        }
-        else {
-            result = [start.clone()];
-        }
-        let numAdded = 0;
-        for (;;) {
-            for (const step of steps) {
-                if (++numAdded > numStroke)
-                    return result;
-                result.push(result[result.length - 1].plus(step));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    /** Create a point on the polar parametric curve r = cos(a * theta), aka "rose".
-     * @param theta angle
-     * @param a period multiplier. If odd, this is the petal count; if even, twice the number of petals.
-     * @param z z-coordinate for output
-    */
-    static createRosePoint3d(theta, a, z = 0) {
-        const r = Math.cos(a * theta);
-        return Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(r * Math.cos(theta), r * Math.sin(theta), z);
-    }
-    /** Create a point on the polar parametric curve r = cos(a * theta), aka "rose".
-     * @param theta angle
-     * @param a period multiplier. If odd, this is the petal count; if even, twice the number of petals.
-    */
-    static createRosePoint2d(theta, a) {
-        return Point2dVector2d_1.Point2d.createFrom(Sample.createRosePoint3d(theta, a));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a mesh surface from samples of a smooth real-valued function over [0,1]x[0,1] with multiple humps and dips.
-     * * The facets are bilinear quads, so if planar facets are required, set `options.shouldTriangulate = true`.
-     * @param size grid size; the number of intervals on each side of the unit square domain.
-     * @param scales = array of 4 (four) numbers to scale the corresponding Franke exponential.  If undefined, all scales are 1.
-     */
-    static createMeshFromFrankeSurface(size, options, scales) {
-        const builder = PolyfaceBuilder_1.PolyfaceBuilder.create(options);
-        builder.addUVGridBody(new FrankeSurface(scales), size, size);
-        return builder.claimPolyface(true);
-    }
-    /** Stroke a helix over the unit circle.  Place in space via a transform.
-     * The various columns of the transform become the critical measures for the (elliptic) helix:
-     * The unit cylinder maps to an elliptic cylinder with x and y columns as 0 and 90 degree vectors.
-     * the Helix pitch is equal to the length of the z axis in the transform.
-     * The completeTurns parameter (which does NOT need to be an integer) is the local z of the last point
-     */
-    static createHelixPoints(completeTurns, numPoints, placement) {
-        const points = [];
-        if (numPoints < 2)
-            numPoints = 2;
-        const dThetaRadians = completeTurns * Math.PI * 2 / (numPoints - 1);
-        const dz = completeTurns / (numPoints - 1);
-        for (let i = 0; i < numPoints; i++) {
-            const thetaRadians = dThetaRadians * i;
-            points.push(Point3dVector3d_1.Point3d.create(Math.cos(thetaRadians), Math.sin(thetaRadians), i * dz));
-        }
-        if (placement)
-            placement.multiplyPoint3dArrayInPlace(points);
-        return points;
-    }
-}
-exports.Sample = Sample;
-//# sourceMappingURL=GeometrySamples.js.map