@dizzlkheinz/ynab-mcpb 0.18.4 → 0.19.0

package/src/server/__tests__/toolRegistry.test.ts

@@ -1,855 +1,917 @@
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { z } from 'zod/v4';
-import type * as ynab from 'ynab';
-import type { CallToolResult } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js';
+import type { CallToolResult } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type * as ynab from "ynab";
+import { z } from "zod/v4";
 import {
-  ToolRegistry,
-  ToolDefinition,
-  ToolRegistryDependencies,
-  ToolExecutionPayload,
-} from '../toolRegistry.js';
+	ReconcileAccountSchema,
+	handleReconcileAccount,
+} from "../../tools/reconciliation/index.js";
 import {
-  handleReconcileAccount,
-  ReconcileAccountSchema,
-} from '../../tools/reconciliation/index.js';
+	type ToolDefinition,
+	type ToolExecutionPayload,
+	ToolRegistry,
+	type ToolRegistryDependencies,
+} from "../toolRegistry.js";
 
 function createResult(label: string): CallToolResult {
-  return {
-    content: [
-      {
-        type: 'text',
-        text: label,
-      },
-    ],
-  };
+	return {
+		content: [
+			{
+				type: "text",
+				text: label,
+			},
+		],
+	};
 }
 
 function makeTestDeps() {
-  const securityInvocations: {
-    namespace: string;
-    operation: string;
-    accessToken: string;
-    params: Record<string, unknown>;
-  }[] = [];
-
-  const responseFormatter = {
-    runWithMinifyOverride: vi.fn(<T>(minifyOverride: boolean | undefined, fn: () => T): T => fn()),
-    format: vi.fn((value) => JSON.stringify(value)),
-  };
-
-  const errorHandler = {
-    createValidationError: vi.fn((message: string, details?: string) => ({
-      content: [
-        {
-          type: 'text',
-          text: `validation:${message}${details ? `:${details}` : ''}`,
-        },
-      ],
-    })),
-    handleError: vi.fn((error: unknown, context: string) => ({
-      content: [
-        {
-          type: 'text',
-          text: `handled:${context}:${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
-        },
-      ],
-    })),
-  };
-
-  const withSecurityWrapper = vi.fn(
-    <T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
-      namespace: string,
-      operation: string,
-      schema: z.ZodSchema<T>,
-    ) =>
-      (accessToken: string) =>
-      (params: Record<string, unknown>) =>
-      async (handler: (validated: T) => Promise<CallToolResult>) => {
-        securityInvocations.push({ namespace, operation, accessToken, params });
-        try {
-          const validated = schema.parse(params ?? {});
-          return await handler(validated);
-        } catch (error) {
-          return errorHandler.createValidationError(
-            `Invalid parameters for ${operation}`,
-            error instanceof Error ? error.message : undefined,
-          );
-        }
-      },
-  );
-
-  const dependencies: ToolRegistryDependencies = {
-    errorHandler,
-    responseFormatter,
-    withSecurityWrapper,
-  };
-
-  return {
-    dependencies,
-    securityInvocations,
-    errorHandler,
-    responseFormatter,
-    withSecurityWrapper,
-  };
+	const securityInvocations: {
+		namespace: string;
+		operation: string;
+		accessToken: string;
+		params: Record<string, unknown>;
+	}[] = [];
+
+	const responseFormatter = {
+		runWithMinifyOverride: vi.fn(
+			<T>(minifyOverride: boolean | undefined, fn: () => T): T => fn(),
+		),
+		format: vi.fn((value) => JSON.stringify(value)),
+	};
+
+	const errorHandler = {
+		createValidationError: vi.fn((message: string, details?: string) => ({
+			content: [
+				{
+					type: "text",
+					text: `validation:${message}${details ? `:${details}` : ""}`,
+				},
+			],
+		})),
+		handleError: vi.fn((error: unknown, context: string) => ({
+			content: [
+				{
+					type: "text",
+					text: `handled:${context}:${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+				},
+			],
+		})),
+	};
+
+	const withSecurityWrapper = vi.fn(
+		<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+			namespace: string,
+			operation: string,
+			schema: z.ZodSchema<T>,
+		) =>
+			(accessToken: string) =>
+			(params: Record<string, unknown>) =>
+			async (handler: (validated: T) => Promise<CallToolResult>) => {
+				securityInvocations.push({ namespace, operation, accessToken, params });
+				try {
+					const validated = schema.parse(params ?? {});
+					return await handler(validated);
+				} catch (error) {
+					return errorHandler.createValidationError(
+						`Invalid parameters for ${operation}`,
+						error instanceof Error ? error.message : undefined,
+					);
+				}
+			},
+	);
+
+	const dependencies: ToolRegistryDependencies = {
+		errorHandler,
+		responseFormatter,
+		withSecurityWrapper,
+	};
+
+	return {
+		dependencies,
+		securityInvocations,
+		errorHandler,
+		responseFormatter,
+		withSecurityWrapper,
+	};
 }
 
-describe('ToolRegistry', () => {
-  let dependencies: ToolRegistryDependencies;
-  let registry: ToolRegistry;
-  let securityInvocations: {
-    namespace: string;
-    operation: string;
-    accessToken: string;
-    params: Record<string, unknown>;
-  }[];
-  let responseFormatter: ReturnType<typeof makeTestDeps>['responseFormatter'];
-
-  const handlerResult = createResult('handler-success');
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    const setup = makeTestDeps();
-    ({ dependencies, securityInvocations, responseFormatter } = setup);
-    registry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
-
-    // Spy on error handler methods for testing
-    vi.spyOn(dependencies.errorHandler, 'createValidationError');
-    vi.spyOn(dependencies.errorHandler, 'handleError');
-  });
-
-  const registerSampleTool = (definition?: Partial<ToolDefinition>) => {
-    const base: ToolDefinition = {
-      name: 'sample_tool',
-      description: 'Test tool for registry',
-      inputSchema: z.object({
-        id: z.string().min(1, 'id required'),
-        minify: z.boolean().optional(),
-      }),
-      handler: vi.fn(async ({ input }: ToolExecutionPayload<{ id: string }>) => {
-        return createResult(`handled:${input.id}`);
-      }),
-      ...definition,
-    };
-
-    registry.register(base);
-    return base;
-  };
-
-  it('registers a tool and exposes it through getToolDefinitions', () => {
-    registerSampleTool();
-
-    const definitions = registry.getToolDefinitions();
-    expect(definitions).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(definitions[0]?.name).toBe('sample_tool');
-    expect(definitions[0]?.description).toBe('Test tool for registry');
-  });
-
-  it('throws when registering duplicate tool names', () => {
-    registerSampleTool();
-
-    expect(() => registerSampleTool()).toThrowError("Tool 'sample_tool' is already registered");
-  });
-
-  it('rejects invalid tool definitions', () => {
-    expect(() =>
-      registry.register({
-        // @ts-expect-error intentionally malformed
-        name: '',
-        description: 'invalid',
-        inputSchema: z.object({}),
-        handler: null,
-      }),
-    ).toThrowError('Tool definition requires a non-empty name');
-  });
-
-  it('lists tools with generated JSON schema when metadata missing', () => {
-    registerSampleTool();
-
-    const tools = registry.listTools();
-    expect(tools).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(tools[0]?.name).toBe('sample_tool');
-    const schema = tools[0]?.inputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
-    expect(schema).toBeDefined();
-    // Input schemas use io:'input' mode which doesn't set additionalProperties
-    expect(schema).toMatchObject({
-      type: 'object',
-      properties: expect.objectContaining({
-        id: expect.objectContaining({ type: 'string' }),
-        minify: expect.objectContaining({ type: 'boolean' }),
-      }),
-      required: ['id'],
-    });
-    expect(typeof schema?.['$schema']).toBe('string');
-  });
-
-  it('prefers custom metadata JSON schema when provided', () => {
-    const customSchema = { type: 'object', properties: { foo: { type: 'string' } } };
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'meta_tool',
-      description: 'Has metadata schema',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ foo: z.string() }),
-      handler: async () => handlerResult,
-      metadata: { inputJsonSchema: customSchema },
-    });
-
-    const tools = registry.listTools();
-    const found = tools.find((tool) => tool.name === 'meta_tool');
-    expect(found?.inputSchema).toEqual(customSchema);
-  });
-
-  it('executes a registered tool via security wrapper and handler', async () => {
-    const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'exec_tool',
-      description: 'Execute tool',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string().min(1) }),
-      handler,
-    });
-
-    const result = await registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'exec_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token-123',
-      arguments: { id: 'abc' },
-    });
-
-    expect(result).toEqual(handlerResult);
-    expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(securityInvocations).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(securityInvocations[0]).toMatchObject({
-      namespace: 'ynab',
-      operation: 'exec_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token-123',
-      params: { id: 'abc' },
-    });
-  });
-
-  // NOTE: Reconcile dual-channel output is properly tested in reconciliation integration tests
-  // This test requires complex DeltaFetcher mocking that's covered elsewhere
-  it.skip('routes reconcile_account tool to handler emitting dual-channel output', async () => {
-    const mockYnabAPI = {
-      accounts: {
-        getAccount: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-          data: {
-            account: {
-              name: 'Checking',
-              balance: 0,
-              cleared_balance: 0,
-              uncleared_balance: 0,
-            },
-          },
-        }),
-      },
-      budgets: {
-        getBudgetById: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-          data: { budget: { currency_format: { currency_code: 'USD' } } },
-        }),
-      },
-      transactions: {
-        getTransactionsByAccount: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: { transactions: [] } }),
-      },
-    } as unknown as ynab.API;
-
-    const adapt =
-      <TInput extends Record<string, unknown>>(
-        handler: (api: ynab.API, params: TInput) => Promise<CallToolResult>,
-      ) =>
-      async ({ input }: ToolExecutionPayload<TInput>) =>
-        handler(mockYnabAPI, input);
-
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'reconcile_account',
-      description: 'Guided reconciliation workflow with dual-channel output',
-      inputSchema: ReconcileAccountSchema,
-      handler: adapt(handleReconcileAccount),
-    });
-
-    const result = await registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'reconcile_account',
-      accessToken: 'token-xyz',
-      arguments: {
-        budget_id: 'budget-1',
-        account_id: 'account-1',
-        csv_data: 'Date,Description,Amount\n2025-10-01,Sample,-1.23',
-        statement_balance: -1.23,
-        include_structured_data: true, // Request both human + structured output
-      },
-    });
-
-    expect(result.content).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(result.content.every((entry) => entry.type === 'text')).toBe(true);
-    expect(mockYnabAPI.accounts.getAccount).toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    const toolNames = registry.listTools().map((tool) => tool.name);
-    expect(toolNames).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(['reconcile_account']));
-  });
-
-  it('merges default arguments before validation', async () => {
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'defaulted_tool',
-      description: 'Has defaults',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-      defaultArgumentResolver: vi.fn(async () => ({ id: 'resolved-id' })),
-      handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
-    });
-
-    await registry.executeTool({ name: 'defaulted_tool', accessToken: 'token-1' });
-
-    expect(securityInvocations[0]?.params).toEqual({ id: 'resolved-id' });
-  });
-
-  it('passes cache helpers to the handler context when injected', async () => {
-    const cacheHelpers = {
-      generateKey: vi.fn((...segments: unknown[]) => segments.join(':')),
-    };
-
-    dependencies.cacheHelpers = cacheHelpers;
-    registry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
-
-    const handler = vi.fn(async (payload: ToolExecutionPayload<{ id: string }>) => {
-      expect(payload.context.cache).toBe(cacheHelpers);
-      expect(payload.context.rawArguments).toEqual({ id: '42' });
-      return handlerResult;
-    });
-
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'cache_tool',
-      description: 'Needs cache',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-      handler,
-    });
-
-    await registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'cache_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-      arguments: { id: '42' },
-    });
-
-    expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-  });
-
-  it('extracts minify override from arguments when not explicitly provided', async () => {
-    const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'minify_hint_tool',
-      description: 'Uses argument minify hint',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string(), _minify: z.boolean().optional() }),
-      handler,
-    });
-
-    let capturedFn: (() => Promise<CallToolResult>) | undefined;
-    let release: ((value: CallToolResult) => void) | undefined;
-    const formatterResolution = new Promise<CallToolResult>((resolve) => {
-      release = resolve;
-    });
-
-    responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride.mockImplementationOnce((minify, fn) => {
-      capturedFn = fn;
-      return formatterResolution;
-    });
-
-    const execution = registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'minify_hint_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-      arguments: { id: 'abc', _minify: false },
-    });
-
-    expect(responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      false,
-      expect.any(Function),
-    );
-    expect(capturedFn).toBeDefined();
-
-    const manualResult = await capturedFn!();
-    expect(manualResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
-    expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-
-    release?.(manualResult);
-
-    const finalResult = await execution;
-    expect(finalResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
-  });
-
-  it('prefers explicit minify override option over argument hints', async () => {
-    const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'minify_option_tool',
-      description: 'Uses option minify',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string(), minify: z.boolean().optional() }),
-      handler,
-    });
-
-    let capturedFn: (() => Promise<CallToolResult>) | undefined;
-    let release: ((value: CallToolResult) => void) | undefined;
-    const formatterResolution = new Promise<CallToolResult>((resolve) => {
-      release = resolve;
-    });
-
-    responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride.mockImplementationOnce((minify, fn) => {
-      capturedFn = fn;
-      return formatterResolution;
-    });
-
-    const execution = registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'minify_option_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-      arguments: { id: 'abc', minify: false },
-      minifyOverride: true,
-    });
-
-    expect(responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      true,
-      expect.any(Function),
-    );
-    expect(capturedFn).toBeDefined();
-
-    const manualResult = await capturedFn!();
-    expect(manualResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
-    expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-
-    release?.(manualResult);
-
-    const finalResult = await execution;
-    expect(finalResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
-  });
-
-  it('returns validation error result for unknown tools', async () => {
-    const result = await registry.executeTool({ name: 'missing_tool', accessToken: 'token' });
-
-    expect(result).toEqual(
-      createResult(
-        'validation:Unknown tool: missing_tool:The requested tool is not registered with the server',
-      ),
-    );
-    expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-  });
-
-  it('surfaces validation failures from security wrapper', async () => {
-    registerSampleTool();
-
-    const result = await registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'sample_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-      arguments: {},
-    });
-
-    expect(
-      result.content[0]?.text?.startsWith('validation:Invalid parameters for sample_tool:'),
-    ).toBe(true);
-    expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('routes handler exceptions to error handler', async () => {
-    const handlerError = new Error('boom');
-    const handler = vi.fn(async () => {
-      throw handlerError;
-    });
-
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'error_tool',
-      description: 'Throws',
-      inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-      handler,
-    });
-
-    const result = await registry.executeTool({
-      name: 'error_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-      arguments: { id: 'abc' },
-    });
-
-    expect(result).toEqual(createResult('handled:executing error_tool - error_tool:boom'));
-    expect(dependencies.errorHandler.handleError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      handlerError,
-      'executing error_tool - error_tool',
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('normalizes unexpected security errors', async () => {
-    const error = new Error('rate limit');
-    const customDeps: ToolRegistryDependencies = {
-      ...dependencies,
-      withSecurityWrapper: vi.fn(() => () => () => {
-        throw error;
-      }),
-    };
-
-    const customRegistry = new ToolRegistry(customDeps);
-
-    // Spy on custom error handler methods for testing
-    vi.spyOn(customDeps.errorHandler, 'handleError');
-
-    customRegistry.register({
-      name: 'security_tool',
-      description: 'Security throws',
-      inputSchema: z.object({}),
-      handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
-    });
-
-    const result = await customRegistry.executeTool({
-      name: 'security_tool',
-      accessToken: 'token',
-    });
-
-    expect(result).toEqual(createResult('handled:executing security_tool:rate limit'));
-    expect(customDeps.errorHandler.handleError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      error,
-      'executing security_tool',
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('returns permissive schema when conversion fails', () => {
-    registry.register({
-      name: 'any_tool',
-      description: 'Any schema',
-      // z.any is not supported by converter and should fallback
-      inputSchema: z.any(),
-      handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
-    });
-
-    const tool = registry.listTools().find((item) => item.name === 'any_tool');
-    const schema = tool?.inputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
-    expect(schema).toBeDefined();
-    expect(typeof schema?.['$schema']).toBe('string');
-  });
-
-  it('supports empty registry listings', () => {
-    const emptyRegistry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
-    expect(emptyRegistry.listTools()).toEqual([]);
-    expect(emptyRegistry.getToolDefinitions()).toEqual([]);
-  });
-
-  describe('ErrorHandler integration', () => {
-    it('should use injected ErrorHandler instance', async () => {
-      const mockErrorHandler = {
-        handleError: vi.fn(() => ({ content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Mock error' }] })),
-        createValidationError: vi.fn(() => ({
-          content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Mock validation error' }],
-        })),
-      };
-
-      const customDeps = {
-        ...dependencies,
-        errorHandler: mockErrorHandler,
-      };
-
-      const customRegistry = new ToolRegistry(customDeps);
-
-      // Test that the registry uses the injected error handler
-      const result = await customRegistry.executeTool({
-        name: 'nonexistent_tool',
-        accessToken: 'test-token',
-      });
-
-      expect(mockErrorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toBe('Mock validation error');
-    });
-
-    it('should use the same formatter instance for both ErrorHandler and ToolRegistry', () => {
-      const { dependencies: deps, responseFormatter: formatter, errorHandler } = makeTestDeps();
-
-      // Both should use the same formatter
-      expect(deps.errorHandler).toBe(errorHandler);
-      expect(deps.responseFormatter).toBe(formatter);
-    });
-
-    it('should implement ErrorHandler contract interface', () => {
-      const { errorHandler } = makeTestDeps();
-
-      expect(typeof errorHandler.handleError).toBe('function');
-      expect(typeof errorHandler.createValidationError).toBe('function');
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Output Schema Validation', () => {
-    it('validates handler output against declared output schema', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-        data: z.object({
-          id: z.string(),
-          value: z.number(),
-        }),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
-        createResult(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            success: true,
-            data: { id: 'test-id', value: 42 },
-          }),
-        ),
-      );
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'validated_output_tool',
-        description: 'Has output schema',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'validated_output_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('success');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('test-id');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output that does not match output schema', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-        data: z.object({
-          id: z.string(),
-          value: z.number(),
-        }),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
-        createResult(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            success: true,
-            data: { id: 'test-id', value: 'not-a-number' }, // Invalid: value should be number
-          }),
-        ),
-      );
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'invalid_output_tool',
-        description: 'Returns invalid output',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'invalid_output_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('invalid_output_tool');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output with missing required fields', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-        data: z.object({
-          id: z.string(),
-          value: z.number(),
-        }),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
-        createResult(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            success: true,
-            // Missing 'data' field
-          }),
-        ),
-      );
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'missing_field_tool',
-        description: 'Returns output missing required field',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'missing_field_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('missing_field_tool');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output with invalid JSON', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () => createResult('not valid json {'));
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'invalid_json_tool',
-        description: 'Returns invalid JSON',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'invalid_json_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Invalid JSON');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output with empty content', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({ content: [] }));
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'empty_content_tool',
-        description: 'Returns empty content',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'empty_content_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('empty content');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output with non-text content', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({
-        content: [{ type: 'image', data: 'base64...' }],
-      }));
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'non_text_tool',
-        description: 'Returns non-text content',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'non_text_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Handler returned invalid content items');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Item 0: type is "image" instead of "text"');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects handler output with multiple invalid content items', async () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-      });
-
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({
-        content: [
-          { type: 'text', text: '{"success": true}' }, // Valid
-          { type: 'image', data: 'base64...' }, // Invalid: wrong type
-          { type: 'text', text: 123 }, // Invalid: text is not string
-          { type: 'text' }, // Invalid: missing text property
-        ],
-      }));
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'multi_invalid_tool',
-        description: 'Returns multiple content items with some invalid',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'multi_invalid_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Output validation failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Handler returned invalid content items');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('3 of 4 failed');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain('Item 1: type is "image" instead of "text"');
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
-        'Item 2: text property is number instead of string',
-      );
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
-        'Item 3: text property is undefined instead of string',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('skips validation when no output schema is defined', async () => {
-      const handler = vi.fn(async () => createResult('any output format'));
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'no_schema_tool',
-        description: 'Has no output schema',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        // No outputSchema defined
-        handler,
-      });
-
-      const result = await registry.executeTool({
-        name: 'no_schema_tool',
-        accessToken: 'token',
-        arguments: { id: 'test' },
-      });
-
-      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(result.content[0]?.text).toBe('any output format');
-      // Error handler should not be called for validation
-      expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('includes output schema in tool listing when defined', () => {
-      const outputSchema = z.object({
-        success: z.boolean(),
-        message: z.string(),
-      });
-
-      registry.register({
-        name: 'schema_listing_tool',
-        description: 'Has output schema',
-        inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
-        outputSchema,
-        handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
-      });
-
-      const tools = registry.listTools();
-      const tool = tools.find((t) => t.name === 'schema_listing_tool');
-
-      expect(tool).toBeDefined();
-      expect(tool?.outputSchema).toBeDefined();
-      const schema = tool?.outputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
-      expect(schema).toMatchObject({
-        type: 'object',
-        properties: expect.objectContaining({
-          success: expect.objectContaining({ type: 'boolean' }),
-          message: expect.objectContaining({ type: 'string' }),
-        }),
-        required: ['success', 'message'],
-      });
-    });
-  });
+describe("ToolRegistry", () => {
+	let dependencies: ToolRegistryDependencies;
+	let registry: ToolRegistry;
+	let securityInvocations: {
+		namespace: string;
+		operation: string;
+		accessToken: string;
+		params: Record<string, unknown>;
+	}[];
+	let responseFormatter: ReturnType<typeof makeTestDeps>["responseFormatter"];
+
+	const handlerResult = createResult("handler-success");
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		const setup = makeTestDeps();
+		({ dependencies, securityInvocations, responseFormatter } = setup);
+		registry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
+
+		// Spy on error handler methods for testing
+		vi.spyOn(dependencies.errorHandler, "createValidationError");
+		vi.spyOn(dependencies.errorHandler, "handleError");
+	});
+
+	const registerSampleTool = (definition?: Partial<ToolDefinition>) => {
+		const base: ToolDefinition = {
+			name: "sample_tool",
+			description: "Test tool for registry",
+			inputSchema: z.object({
+				id: z.string().min(1, "id required"),
+				minify: z.boolean().optional(),
+			}),
+			handler: vi.fn(
+				async ({ input }: ToolExecutionPayload<{ id: string }>) => {
+					return createResult(`handled:${input.id}`);
+				},
+			),
+			...definition,
+		};
+
+		registry.register(base);
+		return base;
+	};
+
+	it("registers a tool and exposes it through getToolDefinitions", () => {
+		registerSampleTool();
+
+		const definitions = registry.getToolDefinitions();
+		expect(definitions).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(definitions[0]?.name).toBe("sample_tool");
+		expect(definitions[0]?.description).toBe("Test tool for registry");
+	});
+
+	it("throws when registering duplicate tool names", () => {
+		registerSampleTool();
+
+		expect(() => registerSampleTool()).toThrowError(
+			"Tool 'sample_tool' is already registered",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("rejects invalid tool definitions", () => {
+		expect(() =>
+			registry.register({
+				// @ts-expect-error intentionally malformed
+				name: "",
+				description: "invalid",
+				inputSchema: z.object({}),
+				handler: null,
+			}),
+		).toThrowError("Tool definition requires a non-empty name");
+	});
+
+	it("lists tools with generated JSON schema when metadata missing", () => {
+		registerSampleTool();
+
+		const tools = registry.listTools();
+		expect(tools).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(tools[0]?.name).toBe("sample_tool");
+		const schema = tools[0]?.inputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+		expect(schema).toBeDefined();
+		// Input schemas use io:'input' mode which doesn't set additionalProperties
+		expect(schema).toMatchObject({
+			type: "object",
+			properties: expect.objectContaining({
+				id: expect.objectContaining({ type: "string" }),
+				minify: expect.objectContaining({ type: "boolean" }),
+			}),
+			required: ["id"],
+		});
+		expect(typeof schema?.$schema).toBe("string");
+	});
+
+	it("prefers custom metadata JSON schema when provided", () => {
+		const customSchema = {
+			type: "object",
+			properties: { foo: { type: "string" } },
+		};
+		registry.register({
+			name: "meta_tool",
+			description: "Has metadata schema",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ foo: z.string() }),
+			handler: async () => handlerResult,
+			metadata: { inputJsonSchema: customSchema },
+		});
+
+		const tools = registry.listTools();
+		const found = tools.find((tool) => tool.name === "meta_tool");
+		expect(found?.inputSchema).toEqual(customSchema);
+	});
+
+	it("executes a registered tool via security wrapper and handler", async () => {
+		const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
+		registry.register({
+			name: "exec_tool",
+			description: "Execute tool",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string().min(1) }),
+			handler,
+		});
+
+		const result = await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "exec_tool",
+			accessToken: "token-123",
+			arguments: { id: "abc" },
+		});
+
+		expect(result).toEqual(handlerResult);
+		expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(securityInvocations).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(securityInvocations[0]).toMatchObject({
+			namespace: "ynab",
+			operation: "exec_tool",
+			accessToken: "token-123",
+			params: { id: "abc" },
+		});
+	});
+
+	// NOTE: Reconcile dual-channel output is properly tested in reconciliation integration tests
+	// This test requires complex DeltaFetcher mocking that's covered elsewhere
+	it.skip("routes reconcile_account tool to handler emitting dual-channel output", async () => {
+		const mockYnabAPI = {
+			accounts: {
+				getAccount: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+					data: {
+						account: {
+							name: "Checking",
+							balance: 0,
+							cleared_balance: 0,
+							uncleared_balance: 0,
+						},
+					},
+				}),
+			},
+			budgets: {
+				getBudgetById: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+					data: { budget: { currency_format: { currency_code: "USD" } } },
+				}),
+			},
+			transactions: {
+				getTransactionsByAccount: vi
+					.fn()
+					.mockResolvedValue({ data: { transactions: [] } }),
+			},
+		} as unknown as ynab.API;
+
+		const adapt =
+			<TInput extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+				handler: (api: ynab.API, params: TInput) => Promise<CallToolResult>,
+			) =>
+			async ({ input }: ToolExecutionPayload<TInput>) =>
+				handler(mockYnabAPI, input);
+
+		registry.register({
+			name: "reconcile_account",
+			description: "Guided reconciliation workflow with dual-channel output",
+			inputSchema: ReconcileAccountSchema,
+			handler: adapt(handleReconcileAccount),
+		});
+
+		const result = await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "reconcile_account",
+			accessToken: "token-xyz",
+			arguments: {
+				budget_id: "budget-1",
+				account_id: "account-1",
+				csv_data: "Date,Description,Amount\n2025-10-01,Sample,-1.23",
+				statement_balance: -1.23,
+				include_structured_data: true, // Request both human + structured output
+			},
+		});
+
+		expect(result.content).toHaveLength(2);
+		expect(result.content.every((entry) => entry.type === "text")).toBe(true);
+		expect(mockYnabAPI.accounts.getAccount).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+		const toolNames = registry.listTools().map((tool) => tool.name);
+		expect(toolNames).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["reconcile_account"]));
+	});
+
+	it("merges default arguments before validation", async () => {
+		registry.register({
+			name: "defaulted_tool",
+			description: "Has defaults",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+			defaultArgumentResolver: vi.fn(async () => ({ id: "resolved-id" })),
+			handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
+		});
+
+		await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "defaulted_tool",
+			accessToken: "token-1",
+		});
+
+		expect(securityInvocations[0]?.params).toEqual({ id: "resolved-id" });
+	});
+
+	it("passes cache helpers to the handler context when injected", async () => {
+		const cacheHelpers = {
+			generateKey: vi.fn((...segments: unknown[]) => segments.join(":")),
+		};
+
+		dependencies.cacheHelpers = cacheHelpers;
+		registry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
+
+		const handler = vi.fn(
+			async (payload: ToolExecutionPayload<{ id: string }>) => {
+				expect(payload.context.cache).toBe(cacheHelpers);
+				expect(payload.context.rawArguments).toEqual({ id: "42" });
+				return handlerResult;
+			},
+		);
+
+		registry.register({
+			name: "cache_tool",
+			description: "Needs cache",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+			handler,
+		});
+
+		await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "cache_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+			arguments: { id: "42" },
+		});
+
+		expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("extracts minify override from arguments when not explicitly provided", async () => {
+		const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
+		registry.register({
+			name: "minify_hint_tool",
+			description: "Uses argument minify hint",
+			inputSchema: z.object({
+				id: z.string(),
+				_minify: z.boolean().optional(),
+			}),
+			handler,
+		});
+
+		let capturedFn: (() => Promise<CallToolResult>) | undefined;
+		let release: ((value: CallToolResult) => void) | undefined;
+		const formatterResolution = new Promise<CallToolResult>((resolve) => {
+			release = resolve;
+		});
+
+		responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride.mockImplementationOnce(
+			(minify, fn) => {
+				capturedFn = fn;
+				return formatterResolution;
+			},
+		);
+
+		const execution = registry.executeTool({
+			name: "minify_hint_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+			arguments: { id: "abc", _minify: false },
+		});
+
+		expect(responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			false,
+			expect.any(Function),
+		);
+		expect(capturedFn).toBeDefined();
+
+		const manualResult = await capturedFn?.();
+		expect(manualResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
+		expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+		release?.(manualResult);
+
+		const finalResult = await execution;
+		expect(finalResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
+	});
+
+	it("prefers explicit minify override option over argument hints", async () => {
+		const handler = vi.fn(async () => handlerResult);
+		registry.register({
+			name: "minify_option_tool",
+			description: "Uses option minify",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string(), minify: z.boolean().optional() }),
+			handler,
+		});
+
+		let capturedFn: (() => Promise<CallToolResult>) | undefined;
+		let release: ((value: CallToolResult) => void) | undefined;
+		const formatterResolution = new Promise<CallToolResult>((resolve) => {
+			release = resolve;
+		});
+
+		responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride.mockImplementationOnce(
+			(minify, fn) => {
+				capturedFn = fn;
+				return formatterResolution;
+			},
+		);
+
+		const execution = registry.executeTool({
+			name: "minify_option_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+			arguments: { id: "abc", minify: false },
+			minifyOverride: true,
+		});
+
+		expect(responseFormatter.runWithMinifyOverride).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			true,
+			expect.any(Function),
+		);
+		expect(capturedFn).toBeDefined();
+
+		const manualResult = await capturedFn?.();
+		expect(manualResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
+		expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+		release?.(manualResult);
+
+		const finalResult = await execution;
+		expect(finalResult).toEqual(handlerResult);
+	});
+
+	it("returns validation error result for unknown tools", async () => {
+		const result = await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "missing_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+		});
+
+		expect(result).toEqual(
+			createResult(
+				"validation:Unknown tool: missing_tool:The requested tool is not registered with the server",
+			),
+		);
+		expect(
+			dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+		).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("surfaces validation failures from security wrapper", async () => {
+		registerSampleTool();
+
+		const result = await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "sample_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+			arguments: {},
+		});
+
+		expect(
+			result.content[0]?.text?.startsWith(
+				"validation:Invalid parameters for sample_tool:",
+			),
+		).toBe(true);
+		expect(dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("routes handler exceptions to error handler", async () => {
+		const handlerError = new Error("boom");
+		const handler = vi.fn(async () => {
+			throw handlerError;
+		});
+
+		registry.register({
+			name: "error_tool",
+			description: "Throws",
+			inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+			handler,
+		});
+
+		const result = await registry.executeTool({
+			name: "error_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+			arguments: { id: "abc" },
+		});
+
+		expect(result).toEqual(
+			createResult("handled:executing error_tool - error_tool:boom"),
+		);
+		expect(dependencies.errorHandler.handleError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			handlerError,
+			"executing error_tool - error_tool",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("normalizes unexpected security errors", async () => {
+		const error = new Error("rate limit");
+		const customDeps: ToolRegistryDependencies = {
+			...dependencies,
+			withSecurityWrapper: vi.fn(() => () => () => {
+				throw error;
+			}),
+		};
+
+		const customRegistry = new ToolRegistry(customDeps);
+
+		// Spy on custom error handler methods for testing
+		vi.spyOn(customDeps.errorHandler, "handleError");
+
+		customRegistry.register({
+			name: "security_tool",
+			description: "Security throws",
+			inputSchema: z.object({}),
+			handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
+		});
+
+		const result = await customRegistry.executeTool({
+			name: "security_tool",
+			accessToken: "token",
+		});
+
+		expect(result).toEqual(
+			createResult("handled:executing security_tool:rate limit"),
+		);
+		expect(customDeps.errorHandler.handleError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			error,
+			"executing security_tool",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("returns permissive schema when conversion fails", () => {
+		registry.register({
+			name: "any_tool",
+			description: "Any schema",
+			// z.any is not supported by converter and should fallback
+			inputSchema: z.any(),
+			handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
+		});
+
+		const tool = registry.listTools().find((item) => item.name === "any_tool");
+		const schema = tool?.inputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+		expect(schema).toBeDefined();
+		expect(typeof schema?.$schema).toBe("string");
+	});
+
+	it("supports empty registry listings", () => {
+		const emptyRegistry = new ToolRegistry(dependencies);
+		expect(emptyRegistry.listTools()).toEqual([]);
+		expect(emptyRegistry.getToolDefinitions()).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	describe("ErrorHandler integration", () => {
+		it("should use injected ErrorHandler instance", async () => {
+			const mockErrorHandler = {
+				handleError: vi.fn(() => ({
+					content: [{ type: "text", text: "Mock error" }],
+				})),
+				createValidationError: vi.fn(() => ({
+					content: [{ type: "text", text: "Mock validation error" }],
+				})),
+			};
+
+			const customDeps = {
+				...dependencies,
+				errorHandler: mockErrorHandler,
+			};
+
+			const customRegistry = new ToolRegistry(customDeps);
+
+			// Test that the registry uses the injected error handler
+			const result = await customRegistry.executeTool({
+				name: "nonexistent_tool",
+				accessToken: "test-token",
+			});
+
+			expect(mockErrorHandler.createValidationError).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toBe("Mock validation error");
+		});
+
+		it("should use the same formatter instance for both ErrorHandler and ToolRegistry", () => {
+			const {
+				dependencies: deps,
+				responseFormatter: formatter,
+				errorHandler,
+			} = makeTestDeps();
+
+			// Both should use the same formatter
+			expect(deps.errorHandler).toBe(errorHandler);
+			expect(deps.responseFormatter).toBe(formatter);
+		});
+
+		it("should implement ErrorHandler contract interface", () => {
+			const { errorHandler } = makeTestDeps();
+
+			expect(typeof errorHandler.handleError).toBe("function");
+			expect(typeof errorHandler.createValidationError).toBe("function");
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("Output Schema Validation", () => {
+		it("validates handler output against declared output schema", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+				data: z.object({
+					id: z.string(),
+					value: z.number(),
+				}),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+				createResult(
+					JSON.stringify({
+						success: true,
+						data: { id: "test-id", value: 42 },
+					}),
+				),
+			);
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "validated_output_tool",
+				description: "Has output schema",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "validated_output_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("success");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("test-id");
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output that does not match output schema", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+				data: z.object({
+					id: z.string(),
+					value: z.number(),
+				}),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+				createResult(
+					JSON.stringify({
+						success: true,
+						data: { id: "test-id", value: "not-a-number" }, // Invalid: value should be number
+					}),
+				),
+			);
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "invalid_output_tool",
+				description: "Returns invalid output",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "invalid_output_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("invalid_output_tool");
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output with missing required fields", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+				data: z.object({
+					id: z.string(),
+					value: z.number(),
+				}),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+				createResult(
+					JSON.stringify({
+						success: true,
+						// Missing 'data' field
+					}),
+				),
+			);
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "missing_field_tool",
+				description: "Returns output missing required field",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "missing_field_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("missing_field_tool");
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output with invalid JSON", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () => createResult("not valid json {"));
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "invalid_json_tool",
+				description: "Returns invalid JSON",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "invalid_json_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Invalid JSON");
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output with empty content", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({ content: [] }));
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "empty_content_tool",
+				description: "Returns empty content",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "empty_content_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("empty content");
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output with non-text content", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({
+				content: [{ type: "image", data: "base64..." }],
+			}));
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "non_text_tool",
+				description: "Returns non-text content",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "non_text_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				"Handler returned invalid content items",
+			);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				'Item 0: type is "image" instead of "text"',
+			);
+		});
+
+		it("rejects handler output with multiple invalid content items", async () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+			});
+
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () => ({
+				content: [
+					{ type: "text", text: '{"success": true}' }, // Valid
+					{ type: "image", data: "base64..." }, // Invalid: wrong type
+					{ type: "text", text: 123 }, // Invalid: text is not string
+					{ type: "text" }, // Invalid: missing text property
+				],
+			}));
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "multi_invalid_tool",
+				description: "Returns multiple content items with some invalid",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "multi_invalid_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("Output validation failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				"Handler returned invalid content items",
+			);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain("3 of 4 failed");
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				'Item 1: type is "image" instead of "text"',
+			);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				"Item 2: text property is number instead of string",
+			);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toContain(
+				"Item 3: text property is undefined instead of string",
+			);
+		});
+
+		it("skips validation when no output schema is defined", async () => {
+			const handler = vi.fn(async () => createResult("any output format"));
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "no_schema_tool",
+				description: "Has no output schema",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				// No outputSchema defined
+				handler,
+			});
+
+			const result = await registry.executeTool({
+				name: "no_schema_tool",
+				accessToken: "token",
+				arguments: { id: "test" },
+			});
+
+			expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(result.content[0]?.text).toBe("any output format");
+			// Error handler should not be called for validation
+			expect(
+				dependencies.errorHandler.createValidationError,
+			).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it("includes output schema in tool listing when defined", () => {
+			const outputSchema = z.object({
+				success: z.boolean(),
+				message: z.string(),
+			});
+
+			registry.register({
+				name: "schema_listing_tool",
+				description: "Has output schema",
+				inputSchema: z.object({ id: z.string() }),
+				outputSchema,
+				handler: vi.fn(async () => handlerResult),
+			});
+
+			const tools = registry.listTools();
+			const tool = tools.find((t) => t.name === "schema_listing_tool");
+
+			expect(tool).toBeDefined();
+			expect(tool?.outputSchema).toBeDefined();
+			const schema = tool?.outputSchema as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+			expect(schema).toMatchObject({
+				type: "object",
+				properties: expect.objectContaining({
+					success: expect.objectContaining({ type: "boolean" }),
+					message: expect.objectContaining({ type: "string" }),
+				}),
+				required: ["success", "message"],
+			});
+		});
+	});
 });