@cpp.js/package-gdal 1.0.0-beta.20

package/dist/prebuilt/Android-arm64-v8a/include/ogr_geometry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4282 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * $Id$
+ *
+ * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
+ * Purpose:  Classes for manipulating simple features that is not specific
+ *           to a particular interface technology.
+ * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 1999, Frank Warmerdam
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef OGR_GEOMETRY_H_INCLUDED
+#define OGR_GEOMETRY_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include "cpl_conv.h"
+#include "cpl_json.h"
+#include "ogr_core.h"
+#include "ogr_geomcoordinateprecision.h"
+#include "ogr_spatialref.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <memory>
+
+/**
+ * \file ogr_geometry.h
+ *
+ * Simple feature geometry classes.
+ */
+
+/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
+#ifndef DEFINEH_OGRGeometryH
+#define DEFINEH_OGRGeometryH
+#ifdef DEBUG
+typedef struct OGRGeometryHS *OGRGeometryH;
+#else
+typedef void *OGRGeometryH;
+#endif
+#endif /* DEFINEH_OGRGeometryH */
+/*! @endcond */
+
+/// WKT Output formatting options.
+enum class OGRWktFormat
+{
+    F,       ///< F-type formatting.
+    G,       ///< G-type formatting.
+    Default  ///< Format as F when abs(value) < 1, otherwise as G.
+};
+
+/// Options for formatting WKT output
+struct CPL_DLL OGRWktOptions
+{
+  public:
+    /// Type of WKT output to produce.
+    OGRwkbVariant variant = wkbVariantOldOgc;
+    /// Precision of output for X,Y coordinates.  Interpretation depends on \c format.
+    int xyPrecision;
+    /// Precision of output for Z coordinates.  Interpretation depends on \c format.
+    int zPrecision;
+    /// Precision of output for M coordinates.  Interpretation depends on \c format.
+    int mPrecision;
+    /// Whether GDAL-special rounding should be applied.
+    bool round = getDefaultRound();
+    /// Formatting type.
+    OGRWktFormat format = OGRWktFormat::Default;
+
+    /// Constructor.
+    OGRWktOptions()
+        : xyPrecision(getDefaultPrecision()), zPrecision(xyPrecision),
+          mPrecision(zPrecision)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// Copy constructor
+    OGRWktOptions(const OGRWktOptions &) = default;
+
+  private:
+    static int getDefaultPrecision();
+    static bool getDefaultRound();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Simple container for a position.
+ */
+class OGRRawPoint
+{
+  public:
+    /** Constructor */
+    OGRRawPoint() : x(0.0), y(0.0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /** Constructor */
+    OGRRawPoint(double xIn, double yIn) : x(xIn), y(yIn)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /** x */
+    double x;
+    /** y */
+    double y;
+};
+
+/** GEOS geometry type */
+typedef struct GEOSGeom_t *GEOSGeom;
+/** GEOS context handle type */
+typedef struct GEOSContextHandle_HS *GEOSContextHandle_t;
+/** SFCGAL geometry type */
+typedef void sfcgal_geometry_t;
+
+class OGRPoint;
+class OGRCurve;
+class OGRCompoundCurve;
+class OGRSimpleCurve;
+class OGRLinearRing;
+class OGRLineString;
+class OGRCircularString;
+class OGRSurface;
+class OGRCurvePolygon;
+class OGRPolygon;
+class OGRMultiPoint;
+class OGRMultiSurface;
+class OGRMultiPolygon;
+class OGRMultiCurve;
+class OGRMultiLineString;
+class OGRGeometryCollection;
+class OGRTriangle;
+class OGRPolyhedralSurface;
+class OGRTriangulatedSurface;
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+typedef OGRLineString *(*OGRCurveCasterToLineString)(OGRCurve *);
+typedef OGRLinearRing *(*OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing)(OGRCurve *);
+
+typedef OGRPolygon *(*OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon)(OGRSurface *);
+typedef OGRCurvePolygon *(*OGRSurfaceCasterToCurvePolygon)(OGRSurface *);
+typedef OGRMultiPolygon *(*OGRPolyhedralSurfaceCastToMultiPolygon)(
+    OGRPolyhedralSurface *);
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/** OGRGeometry visitor interface.
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+class CPL_DLL IOGRGeometryVisitor
+{
+  public:
+    /** Destructor/ */
+    virtual ~IOGRGeometryVisitor() = default;
+
+    /** Visit OGRPoint. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRPoint *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRLineString. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRLineString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRLinearRing. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRLinearRing *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRPolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRPolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiPoint. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRMultiPoint *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiLineString. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRMultiLineString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiPolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRMultiPolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRGeometryCollection. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRGeometryCollection *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCircularString. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRCircularString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCompoundCurve. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRCompoundCurve *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCurvePolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRCurvePolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiCurve. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRMultiCurve *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRMultiSurface *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRTriangle. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRTriangle *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRPolyhedralSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRPolyhedralSurface *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRTriangulatedSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(OGRTriangulatedSurface *) = 0;
+};
+
+/** OGRGeometry visitor default implementation.
+ *
+ * This default implementation will recurse down to calling
+ * visit(OGRPoint*) on each point.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+class CPL_DLL OGRDefaultGeometryVisitor : public IOGRGeometryVisitor
+{
+    void _visit(OGRSimpleCurve *poGeom);
+
+  public:
+    void visit(OGRPoint *) override
+    {
+    }
+
+    void visit(OGRLineString *) override;
+    void visit(OGRLinearRing *) override;
+    void visit(OGRPolygon *) override;
+    void visit(OGRMultiPoint *) override;
+    void visit(OGRMultiLineString *) override;
+    void visit(OGRMultiPolygon *) override;
+    void visit(OGRGeometryCollection *) override;
+    void visit(OGRCircularString *) override;
+    void visit(OGRCompoundCurve *) override;
+    void visit(OGRCurvePolygon *) override;
+    void visit(OGRMultiCurve *) override;
+    void visit(OGRMultiSurface *) override;
+    void visit(OGRTriangle *) override;
+    void visit(OGRPolyhedralSurface *) override;
+    void visit(OGRTriangulatedSurface *) override;
+};
+
+/** OGRGeometry visitor interface.
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+class CPL_DLL IOGRConstGeometryVisitor
+{
+  public:
+    /** Destructor/ */
+    virtual ~IOGRConstGeometryVisitor() = default;
+
+    /** Visit OGRPoint. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRPoint *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRLineString. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRLineString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRLinearRing. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRLinearRing *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRPolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRPolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiPoint. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRMultiPoint *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiLineString. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRMultiLineString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiPolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRMultiPolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRGeometryCollection. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRGeometryCollection *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCircularString. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRCircularString *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCompoundCurve. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRCompoundCurve *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRCurvePolygon. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRCurvePolygon *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiCurve. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRMultiCurve *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRMultiSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRMultiSurface *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRTriangle. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRTriangle *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRPolyhedralSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRPolyhedralSurface *) = 0;
+    /** Visit OGRTriangulatedSurface. */
+    virtual void visit(const OGRTriangulatedSurface *) = 0;
+};
+
+/** OGRGeometry visitor default implementation.
+ *
+ * This default implementation will recurse down to calling
+ * visit(const OGRPoint*) on each point.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+class CPL_DLL OGRDefaultConstGeometryVisitor : public IOGRConstGeometryVisitor
+{
+    void _visit(const OGRSimpleCurve *poGeom);
+
+  public:
+    void visit(const OGRPoint *) override
+    {
+    }
+
+    void visit(const OGRLineString *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRLinearRing *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRPolygon *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRMultiPoint *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRMultiLineString *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRMultiPolygon *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRGeometryCollection *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRCircularString *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRCompoundCurve *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRCurvePolygon *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRMultiCurve *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRMultiSurface *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRTriangle *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRPolyhedralSurface *) override;
+    void visit(const OGRTriangulatedSurface *) override;
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                  OGRGeomCoordinateBinaryPrecision                    */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/** Geometry coordinate precision for a binary representation.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 3.9
+ */
+struct CPL_DLL OGRGeomCoordinateBinaryPrecision
+{
+    int nXYBitPrecision =
+        INT_MIN; /**< Number of bits needed to achieved XY precision. Typically
+                    computed with SetFromResolution() */
+    int nZBitPrecision =
+        INT_MIN; /**< Number of bits needed to achieved Z precision. Typically
+                    computed with SetFromResolution() */
+    int nMBitPrecision =
+        INT_MIN; /**< Number of bits needed to achieved M precision. Typically
+                    computed with SetFromResolution() */
+
+    void SetFrom(const OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision &);
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                           OGRwkbExportOptions                        */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/** WKB export options.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 3.9
+ */
+struct CPL_DLL OGRwkbExportOptions
+{
+    OGRwkbByteOrder eByteOrder = wkbNDR;           /**< Byte order */
+    OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant = wkbVariantOldOgc;  /**< WKB variant. */
+    OGRGeomCoordinateBinaryPrecision sPrecision{}; /**< Binary precision. */
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                             OGRGeometry                              */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for all geometry classes.
+ *
+ * Some spatial analysis methods require that OGR is built on the GEOS library
+ * to work properly. The precise meaning of methods that describe spatial
+ * relationships between geometries is described in the SFCOM, or other simple
+ * features interface specifications, like "OpenGIS® Implementation
+ * Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1:
+ * Common architecture":
+ * <a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa">OGC 06-103r4</a>
+ *
+ * In GDAL 2.0, the hierarchy of classes has been extended with
+ * <a href="https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=32024">
+ * (working draft) ISO SQL/MM Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13249-3)</a> curve geometries :
+ * CIRCULARSTRING (OGRCircularString), COMPOUNDCURVE (OGRCompoundCurve),
+ * CURVEPOLYGON (OGRCurvePolygon), MULTICURVE (OGRMultiCurve) and
+ * MULTISURFACE (OGRMultiSurface).
+ *
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRGeometry
+{
+  private:
+    const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS = nullptr;  // may be NULL
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRCurveCollection;
+
+    unsigned int flags = 0;
+
+    OGRErr importPreambleFromWkt(const char **ppszInput, int *pbHasZ,
+                                 int *pbHasM, bool *pbIsEmpty);
+    OGRErr importCurveCollectionFromWkt(
+        const char **ppszInput, int bAllowEmptyComponent, int bAllowLineString,
+        int bAllowCurve, int bAllowCompoundCurve,
+        OGRErr (*pfnAddCurveDirectly)(OGRGeometry *poSelf, OGRCurve *poCurve));
+    OGRErr importPreambleFromWkb(const unsigned char *pabyData, size_t nSize,
+                                 OGRwkbByteOrder &eByteOrder,
+                                 OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant);
+    OGRErr importPreambleOfCollectionFromWkb(const unsigned char *pabyData,
+                                             size_t &nSize, size_t &nDataOffset,
+                                             OGRwkbByteOrder &eByteOrder,
+                                             size_t nMinSubGeomSize,
+                                             int &nGeomCount,
+                                             OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant);
+    OGRErr PointOnSurfaceInternal(OGRPoint *poPoint) const;
+    OGRBoolean IsSFCGALCompatible() const;
+
+    void HomogenizeDimensionalityWith(OGRGeometry *poOtherGeom);
+    std::string wktTypeString(OGRwkbVariant variant) const;
+
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    /************************************************************************/
+    /*                   Bit flags for OGRGeometry                          */
+    /*          The OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT is used *only* for points.        */
+    /*          Do not use these outside of the core.                       */
+    /*          Use Is3D, IsMeasured, set3D, and setMeasured instead        */
+    /************************************************************************/
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static const unsigned int OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT = 0x1;
+    static const unsigned int OGR_G_3D = 0x2;
+    static const unsigned int OGR_G_MEASURED = 0x4;
+    //! @endcond
+
+    OGRGeometry();
+    OGRGeometry(const OGRGeometry &other);
+    virtual ~OGRGeometry();
+
+    OGRGeometry &operator=(const OGRGeometry &other);
+
+    /** Returns if two geometries are equal. */
+    bool operator==(const OGRGeometry &other) const
+    {
+        return CPL_TO_BOOL(Equals(&other));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns if two geometries are different. */
+    bool operator!=(const OGRGeometry &other) const
+    {
+        return !CPL_TO_BOOL(Equals(&other));
+    }
+
+    // Standard IGeometry.
+    virtual int getDimension() const = 0;
+    virtual int getCoordinateDimension() const;
+    int CoordinateDimension() const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const = 0;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsValid() const;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *MakeValid(CSLConstList papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *Normalize() const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsSimple() const;
+
+    /*! Returns whether the geometry has a Z component. */
+    OGRBoolean Is3D() const
+    {
+        return (flags & OGR_G_3D) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /*! Returns whether the geometry has a M component. */
+    OGRBoolean IsMeasured() const
+    {
+        return (flags & OGR_G_MEASURED) != 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsRing() const;
+    virtual void empty() = 0;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *clone() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT = 0;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const = 0;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const = 0;
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const = 0;
+    OGRErr importFromWkb(const GByte *, size_t = static_cast<size_t>(-1),
+                         OGRwkbVariant = wkbVariantOldOgc);
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) = 0;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(OGRwkbByteOrder, unsigned char *,
+                       OGRwkbVariant = wkbVariantOldOgc) const;
+    virtual OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                               const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const = 0;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **ppszInput) = 0;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    /** Deprecated.
+     * @deprecated in GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(char **ppszInput)
+        /*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Use importFromWkt(const char**) instead")
+    /*! @endcond */
+    {
+        return importFromWkt(const_cast<const char **>(ppszInput));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr exportToWkt(char **ppszDstText,
+                       OGRwkbVariant = wkbVariantOldOgc) const;
+
+    /// Export a WKT geometry.
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return  WKT string representing this geometry.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const = 0;
+
+    // Non-standard.
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const = 0;
+    OGRwkbGeometryType getIsoGeometryType() const;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const = 0;
+    void dumpReadable(FILE *, const char * = nullptr,
+                      CSLConstList papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+    std::string dumpReadable(const char * = nullptr,
+                             CSLConstList papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() = 0;
+    virtual char *exportToGML(const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+    virtual char *exportToKML() const;
+    virtual char *exportToJson(CSLConstList papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+
+    /** Accept a visitor. */
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) = 0;
+
+    /** Accept a visitor. */
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const = 0;
+
+    static GEOSContextHandle_t createGEOSContext();
+    static void freeGEOSContext(GEOSContextHandle_t hGEOSCtxt);
+    virtual GEOSGeom
+    exportToGEOS(GEOSContextHandle_t hGEOSCtxt) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRBoolean hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *getCurveGeometry(
+        const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *getLinearGeometry(
+        double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+        const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+
+    void roundCoordinates(const OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision &sPrecision);
+    void
+    roundCoordinatesIEEE754(const OGRGeomCoordinateBinaryPrecision &options);
+
+    // SFCGAL interfacing methods.
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static sfcgal_geometry_t *OGRexportToSFCGAL(const OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+    static OGRGeometry *SFCGALexportToOGR(const sfcgal_geometry_t *_geometry);
+    //! @endcond
+    virtual void closeRings();
+
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension);
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D);
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured);
+
+    virtual void assignSpatialReference(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR);
+
+    const OGRSpatialReference *getSpatialReference(void) const
+    {
+        return poSRS;
+    }
+
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) = 0;
+    OGRErr transformTo(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR);
+
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength);
+
+    // ISpatialRelation
+    virtual OGRBoolean Intersects(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const = 0;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Disjoint(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Touches(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Crosses(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Within(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Contains(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Overlaps(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    //    virtual OGRBoolean  Relate( const OGRGeometry *, const char * ) const;
+    //    virtual OGRGeometry *LocateAlong( double mValue ) const;
+    //    virtual OGRGeometry *LocateBetween( double mStart, double mEnd )
+    //    const;
+
+    virtual OGRGeometry *Boundary() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual double Distance(const OGRGeometry *) const;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *ConvexHull() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    ConcaveHull(double dfRatio, bool bAllowHoles) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    Buffer(double dfDist, int nQuadSegs = 30) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    Intersection(const OGRGeometry *) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    Union(const OGRGeometry *) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *UnionCascaded() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    OGRGeometry *UnaryUnion() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    Difference(const OGRGeometry *) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    SymDifference(const OGRGeometry *) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRErr Centroid(OGRPoint *poPoint) const;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    Simplify(double dTolerance) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    OGRGeometry *
+    SimplifyPreserveTopology(double dTolerance) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    DelaunayTriangulation(double dfTolerance,
+                          int bOnlyEdges) const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+
+    virtual OGRGeometry *Polygonize() const CPL_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
+
+    virtual double Distance3D(const OGRGeometry *poOtherGeom) const;
+
+    OGRGeometry *SetPrecision(double dfGridSize, int nFlags) const;
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    // backward compatibility to non-standard method names.
+    OGRBoolean Intersect(OGRGeometry *) const
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Non standard method. "
+                            "Use Intersects() instead");
+    OGRBoolean Equal(OGRGeometry *) const
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Non standard method. "
+                            "Use Equals() instead");
+    OGRGeometry *SymmetricDifference(const OGRGeometry *) const
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Non standard method. "
+                            "Use SymDifference() instead");
+    OGRGeometry *getBoundary() const
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Non standard method. "
+                            "Use Boundary() instead");
+    //! @endcond
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    // Special HACK for DB2 7.2 support
+    static int bGenerate_DB2_V72_BYTE_ORDER;
+    //! @endcond
+
+    virtual void swapXY();
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRGeometry *CastToIdentity(OGRGeometry *poGeom)
+    {
+        return poGeom;
+    }
+
+    static OGRGeometry *CastToError(OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+
+    //! @endcond
+
+    /** Convert a OGRGeometry* to a OGRGeometryH.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    static inline OGRGeometryH ToHandle(OGRGeometry *poGeom)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<OGRGeometryH>(poGeom);
+    }
+
+    /** Convert a OGRGeometryH to a OGRGeometry*.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    static inline OGRGeometry *FromHandle(OGRGeometryH hGeom)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<OGRGeometry *>(hGeom);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPoint*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbPoint.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRPoint *toPoint()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRPoint *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPoint*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbPoint.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRPoint *toPoint() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRPoint *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbCurve).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRCurve *toCurve()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbCurve).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRCurve *toCurve() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSimpleCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that getGeometryType() is wkbLineString,
+     * wkbCircularString or a derived type.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRSimpleCurve *toSimpleCurve()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRSimpleCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSimpleCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that getGeometryType() is wkbLineString,
+     * wkbCircularString or a derived type.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRSimpleCurve *toSimpleCurve() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRSimpleCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRLineString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbLineString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRLineString *toLineString()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRLineString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRLineString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbLineString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRLineString *toLineString() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRLineString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRLinearRing*.
+     * Implies prior checking that EQUAL(getGeometryName(), "LINEARRING").
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRLinearRing *toLinearRing()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRLinearRing *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRLinearRing*.
+     * Implies prior checking that EQUAL(getGeometryName(), "LINEARRING").
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRLinearRing *toLinearRing() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRLinearRing *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCircularString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCircularString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRCircularString *toCircularString()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRCircularString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCircularString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCircularString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRCircularString *toCircularString() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRCircularString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCompoundCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCompoundCurve.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRCompoundCurve *toCompoundCurve()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRCompoundCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCompoundCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCompoundCurve.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRCompoundCurve *toCompoundCurve() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRCompoundCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbSurface).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRSurface *toSurface()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbSurface).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRSurface *toSurface() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbPolygon
+     * or wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRPolygon *toPolygon()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRPolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbPolygon
+     * or wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRPolygon *toPolygon() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRPolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRTriangle*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRTriangle *toTriangle()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRTriangle *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRTriangle*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRTriangle *toTriangle() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRTriangle *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCurvePolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCurvePolygon or wkbPolygon or wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRCurvePolygon *toCurvePolygon()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRCurvePolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRCurvePolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbCurvePolygon or wkbPolygon or wkbTriangle.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRCurvePolygon *toCurvePolygon() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRCurvePolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRGeometryCollection*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbGeometryCollection).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toGeometryCollection()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRGeometryCollection *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRGeometryCollection*.
+     * Implies prior checking that OGR_GT_IsSubClass(getGeometryType(),
+     * wkbGeometryCollection).
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toGeometryCollection() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRGeometryCollection *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiPoint*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiPoint.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRMultiPoint *toMultiPoint()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRMultiPoint *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiPoint*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiPoint.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRMultiPoint *toMultiPoint() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRMultiPoint *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiLineString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiLineString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRMultiLineString *toMultiLineString()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRMultiLineString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiLineString*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiLineString.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRMultiLineString *toMultiLineString() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRMultiLineString *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiPolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiPolygon.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRMultiPolygon *toMultiPolygon()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRMultiPolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiPolygon*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiPolygon.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRMultiPolygon *toMultiPolygon() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRMultiPolygon *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiCurve and derived types.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRMultiCurve *toMultiCurve()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRMultiCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiCurve and derived types.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRMultiCurve *toMultiCurve() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRMultiCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiSurface and derived types.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRMultiSurface *toMultiSurface()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRMultiSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRMultiSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbMultiSurface and derived types.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRMultiSurface *toMultiSurface() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRMultiSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPolyhedralSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbPolyhedralSurface or wkbTIN.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRPolyhedralSurface *toPolyhedralSurface()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRPolyhedralSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRPolyhedralSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbPolyhedralSurface or wkbTIN.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRPolyhedralSurface *toPolyhedralSurface() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRPolyhedralSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRTriangulatedSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbTIN.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline OGRTriangulatedSurface *toTriangulatedSurface()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRTriangulatedSurface *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRTriangulatedSurface*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbTIN.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    inline const OGRTriangulatedSurface *toTriangulatedSurface() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRTriangulatedSurface *>(this);
+    }
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+struct CPL_DLL OGRGeometryUniquePtrDeleter
+{
+    void operator()(OGRGeometry *) const;
+};
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/** Unique pointer type for OGRGeometry.
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+typedef std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry, OGRGeometryUniquePtrDeleter>
+    OGRGeometryUniquePtr;
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(name)                                           \
+    inline OGR##name *to##name() = delete;                                     \
+    inline const OGR##name *to##name() const = delete;
+
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POINT OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(Point)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CURVE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(Curve)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_SIMPLE_CURVE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(SimpleCurve)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_LINESTRING OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(LineString)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_LINEARRING OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(LinearRing)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CIRCULARSTRING                                  \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(CircularString)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_COMPOUNDCURVE                                   \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(CompoundCurve)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_SURFACE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(Surface)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CURVEPOLYGON OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(CurvePolygon)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POLYGON OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(Polygon)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_TRIANGLE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(Triangle)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOINT OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(MultiPoint)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTICURVE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(MultiCurve)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTILINESTRING                                 \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(MultiLineString)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTISURFACE OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(MultiSurface)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOLYGON OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(MultiPolygon)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION                              \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(GeometryCollection)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POLYHEDRALSURFACE                               \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(PolyhedralSurface)
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_TIN OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO(TriangulatedSurface)
+
+#define OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(name)                                              \
+    inline OGR##name *to##name()                                               \
+    {                                                                          \
+        return this;                                                           \
+    }                                                                          \
+    inline const OGR##name *to##name() const                                   \
+    {                                                                          \
+        return this;                                                           \
+    }
+
+#ifndef SUPPRESS_OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS_WARNING
+#define CAST_TO_THIS_WARNING CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Casting to this is useless")
+#else
+#define CAST_TO_THIS_WARNING
+#endif
+
+#define OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(name)                                           \
+    inline OGR##name *to##name() CAST_TO_THIS_WARNING                          \
+    {                                                                          \
+        return this;                                                           \
+    }                                                                          \
+    inline const OGR##name *to##name() const CAST_TO_THIS_WARNING              \
+    {                                                                          \
+        return this;                                                           \
+    }
+
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_CURVES                                      \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CURVE                                               \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_SIMPLE_CURVE                                        \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_LINESTRING                                          \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_LINEARRING                                          \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CIRCULARSTRING                                      \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_COMPOUNDCURVE
+
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SURFACES                                    \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_SURFACE                                             \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_CURVEPOLYGON                                        \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POLYGON                                             \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_TRIANGLE                                            \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POLYHEDRALSURFACE                                   \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_TIN
+
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SINGLES                                     \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POINT                                               \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_CURVES                                          \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SURFACES
+
+#define OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_MULTI                                       \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION                                  \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOINT                                          \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTICURVE                                          \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTILINESTRING                                     \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTISURFACE                                        \
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOLYGON
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                               OGRPoint                               */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Point class.
+ *
+ * Implements SFCOM IPoint methods.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRPoint : public OGRGeometry
+{
+    double x;
+    double y;
+    double z;
+    double m;
+
+  public:
+    OGRPoint();
+    OGRPoint(double x, double y);
+    OGRPoint(double x, double y, double z);
+    OGRPoint(double x, double y, double z, double m);
+    OGRPoint(const OGRPoint &other);
+    static OGRPoint *createXYM(double x, double y, double m);
+    ~OGRPoint() override;
+
+    OGRPoint &operator=(const OGRPoint &other);
+
+    // IWks Interface
+    size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                         size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a point to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return  WKT string representing this point.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+    virtual OGRPoint *clone() const override;
+    virtual void empty() override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override
+    {
+        return !(flags & OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT);
+    }
+
+    // IPoint
+    /** Return x */
+    double getX() const
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /** Return y */
+    double getY() const
+    {
+        return y;
+    }
+
+    /** Return z */
+    double getZ() const
+    {
+        return z;
+    }
+
+    /** Return m */
+    double getM() const
+    {
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+
+    /** Set x
+     * @param xIn x
+     */
+    void setX(double xIn)
+    {
+        x = xIn;
+        if (std::isnan(x) || std::isnan(y))
+            flags &= ~OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT;
+        else
+            flags |= OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT;
+    }
+
+    /** Set y
+     * @param yIn y
+     */
+    void setY(double yIn)
+    {
+        y = yIn;
+        if (std::isnan(x) || std::isnan(y))
+            flags &= ~OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT;
+        else
+            flags |= OGR_G_NOT_EMPTY_POINT;
+    }
+
+    /** Set z
+     * @param zIn z
+     */
+    void setZ(double zIn)
+    {
+        z = zIn;
+        flags |= OGR_G_3D;
+    }
+
+    /** Set m
+     * @param mIn m
+     */
+    void setM(double mIn)
+    {
+        m = mIn;
+        flags |= OGR_G_MEASURED;
+    }
+
+    // ISpatialRelation
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Intersects(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Within(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+
+    // Non standard from OGRGeometry
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(Point)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_CURVES
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SURFACES
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_MULTI
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            OGRPointIterator                          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Interface for a point iterator.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRPointIterator
+{
+  public:
+    virtual ~OGRPointIterator();
+    virtual OGRBoolean getNextPoint(OGRPoint *p) = 0;
+
+    static void destroy(OGRPointIterator *);
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                               OGRCurve                               */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Abstract curve base class for OGRLineString, OGRCircularString and
+ * OGRCompoundCurve
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRCurve : public OGRGeometry
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    OGRCurve();
+    OGRCurve(const OGRCurve &other);
+
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLineString GetCasterToLineString() const = 0;
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing GetCasterToLinearRing() const = 0;
+
+    friend class OGRCurvePolygon;
+    friend class OGRCompoundCurve;
+    //! @endcond
+    virtual int ContainsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const;
+    virtual int IntersectsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const;
+    virtual double get_AreaOfCurveSegments() const = 0;
+
+  private:
+    class CPL_DLL ConstIterator
+    {
+        struct Private;
+        std::unique_ptr<Private> m_poPrivate;
+
+      public:
+        ConstIterator(const OGRCurve *poSelf, bool bStart);
+        ConstIterator(ConstIterator &&oOther) noexcept;
+        ConstIterator &operator=(ConstIterator &&oOther);
+        ~ConstIterator();
+        const OGRPoint &operator*() const;
+        ConstIterator &operator++();
+        bool operator!=(const ConstIterator &it) const;
+    };
+
+    friend inline ConstIterator begin(const OGRCurve *);
+    friend inline ConstIterator end(const OGRCurve *);
+
+  public:
+    ~OGRCurve() override;
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    OGRCurve &operator=(const OGRCurve &other);
+    //! @endcond
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRPoint ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of a point iterator.
+     *
+     * Using this iterator for standard range-based loops is safe, but
+     * due to implementation limitations, you shouldn't try to access
+     * (dereference) more than one iterator step at a time, since you will get
+     * a reference to the same OGRPoint& object.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ConstIterator begin() const;
+    /** Return end of a point iterator. */
+    ConstIterator end() const;
+
+    // IGeometry
+    virtual OGRCurve *clone() const override = 0;
+
+    // ICurve methods
+    virtual double get_Length() const = 0;
+    virtual void StartPoint(OGRPoint *) const = 0;
+    virtual void EndPoint(OGRPoint *) const = 0;
+    virtual int get_IsClosed() const;
+    virtual void Value(double, OGRPoint *) const = 0;
+    virtual OGRLineString *
+    CurveToLine(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const = 0;
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+
+    // non standard
+    virtual int getNumPoints() const = 0;
+    virtual OGRPointIterator *getPointIterator() const = 0;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsConvex() const;
+    virtual double get_Area() const = 0;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const = 0;
+    virtual int isClockwise() const;
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSimpleCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbLineString or wkbCircularString. */
+    inline OGRSimpleCurve *toSimpleCurve()
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<OGRSimpleCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Down-cast to OGRSimpleCurve*.
+     * Implies prior checking that wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) ==
+     * wkbLineString or wkbCircularString. */
+    inline const OGRSimpleCurve *toSimpleCurve() const
+    {
+        return cpl::down_cast<const OGRSimpleCurve *>(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRCompoundCurve *CastToCompoundCurve(OGRCurve *puCurve);
+    static OGRLineString *CastToLineString(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    static OGRLinearRing *CastToLinearRing(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POINT
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(Curve)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SURFACES
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_MULTI
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRCurve::begin() const */
+inline OGRCurve::ConstIterator begin(const OGRCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCurve::end() const */
+inline OGRCurve::ConstIterator end(const OGRCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                           OGRIteratedPoint                           */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/*!
+ Implementation detail of OGRSimpleCurve::Iterator.
+
+ This class is a simple wrapper over OGRPoint, which shouldn't be directly
+ referenced by the user other than trough auto&& in an iteator
+ over a OGRSimpleCurve.
+
+ Typical usage pattern is:
+ \verbatim
+ for (auto&& p: line)
+ {
+    p.setZ(100);
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The lifetime of this object is coupled to the one of the curve on which it
+ was returned. It is thus also illegal to modify it once the curve has been
+ deleted.
+
+ @since GDAL 3.6
+ */
+class CPL_DLL OGRIteratedPoint : public OGRPoint
+{
+  private:
+    friend class OGRSimpleCurve;
+
+    OGRSimpleCurve *m_poCurve = nullptr;
+    int m_nPos = 0;
+
+    OGRIteratedPoint() = default;
+
+    CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(OGRIteratedPoint)
+
+  public:
+    /** Set x
+     * @param xIn x
+     */
+    void setX(double xIn);
+    /** Set y
+     * @param yIn y
+     */
+    void setY(double yIn);
+    /** Set z
+     * @param zIn z
+     */
+    void setZ(double zIn);
+    /** Set m
+     * @param mIn m
+     */
+    void setM(double mIn);
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                             OGRSimpleCurve                           */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Abstract curve base class for OGRLineString and OGRCircularString
+ *
+ * Note: this class does not exist in SQL/MM standard and exists for
+ * implementation convenience.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRSimpleCurve : public OGRCurve
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRGeometry;
+
+    int nPointCount;
+    int m_nPointCapacity = 0;
+    OGRRawPoint *paoPoints;
+    double *padfZ;
+    double *padfM;
+
+    void Make3D();
+    void Make2D();
+    void RemoveM();
+    void AddM();
+
+    OGRErr importFromWKTListOnly(const char **ppszInput, int bHasZ, int bHasM,
+                                 OGRRawPoint *&paoPointsIn, int &nMaxPoints,
+                                 double *&padfZIn);
+    //! @endcond
+
+    virtual double get_LinearArea() const;
+
+    OGRSimpleCurve();
+    OGRSimpleCurve(const OGRSimpleCurve &other);
+
+  private:
+    class CPL_DLL Iterator
+    {
+        struct Private;
+        std::unique_ptr<Private> m_poPrivate;
+        void update();
+
+      public:
+        Iterator(OGRSimpleCurve *poSelf, int nPos);
+        Iterator(Iterator &&oOther) noexcept;  // declared but not defined.
+                                               // Needed for gcc 5.4 at least
+        ~Iterator();
+        OGRIteratedPoint &operator*();
+        Iterator &operator++();
+        bool operator!=(const Iterator &it) const;
+    };
+
+    friend inline Iterator begin(OGRSimpleCurve *);
+    friend inline Iterator end(OGRSimpleCurve *);
+
+    class CPL_DLL ConstIterator
+    {
+        struct Private;
+        std::unique_ptr<Private> m_poPrivate;
+
+      public:
+        ConstIterator(const OGRSimpleCurve *poSelf, int nPos);
+        ConstIterator(
+            ConstIterator &&oOther) noexcept;  // declared but not defined.
+                                               // Needed for gcc 5.4 at least
+        ~ConstIterator();
+        const OGRPoint &operator*() const;
+        ConstIterator &operator++();
+        bool operator!=(const ConstIterator &it) const;
+    };
+
+    friend inline ConstIterator begin(const OGRSimpleCurve *);
+    friend inline ConstIterator end(const OGRSimpleCurve *);
+
+  public:
+    ~OGRSimpleCurve() override;
+
+    OGRSimpleCurve &operator=(const OGRSimpleCurve &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRPoint ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of point iterator.
+     *
+     * Using this iterator for standard range-based loops is safe, but
+     * due to implementation limitations, you shouldn't try to access
+     * (dereference) more than one iterator step at a time, since you will get
+     * a reference to the same OGRPoint& object.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    Iterator begin();
+    /** Return end of point iterator. */
+    Iterator end();
+    /** Return begin of point iterator.
+     *
+     * Using this iterator for standard range-based loops is safe, but
+     * due to implementation limitations, you shouldn't try to access
+     * (dereference) more than one iterator step at a time, since you will get
+     * a reference to the same OGRPoint& object.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ConstIterator begin() const;
+    /** Return end of point iterator. */
+    ConstIterator end() const;
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    virtual OGRErr
+    exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a simple curve to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return  WKT string representing this simple curve.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry interface.
+    virtual void empty() override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override;
+    virtual OGRSimpleCurve *clone() const override = 0;
+
+    // ICurve methods.
+    virtual double get_Length() const override;
+    virtual void StartPoint(OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual void EndPoint(OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual void Value(double, OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual double Project(const OGRPoint *) const;
+    virtual OGRLineString *getSubLine(double, double, int) const;
+
+    // ILineString methods.
+    virtual int getNumPoints() const override
+    {
+        return nPointCount;
+    }
+
+    void getPoint(int, OGRPoint *) const;
+
+    double getX(int i) const
+    {
+        return paoPoints[i].x;
+    }
+
+    double getY(int i) const
+    {
+        return paoPoints[i].y;
+    }
+
+    double getZ(int i) const;
+    double getM(int i) const;
+
+    // ISpatialRelation
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+
+    // non standard.
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D) override;
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured) override;
+    void setNumPoints(int nNewPointCount, int bZeroizeNewContent = TRUE);
+    void setPoint(int, OGRPoint *);
+    void setPoint(int, double, double);
+    void setZ(int, double);
+    void setM(int, double);
+    void setPoint(int, double, double, double);
+    void setPointM(int, double, double, double);
+    void setPoint(int, double, double, double, double);
+    void setPoints(int, const OGRRawPoint *, const double * = nullptr);
+    void setPointsM(int, const OGRRawPoint *, const double *);
+    void setPoints(int, const OGRRawPoint *, const double *, const double *);
+    void setPoints(int, const double *padfX, const double *padfY,
+                   const double *padfZIn = nullptr);
+    void setPointsM(int, const double *padfX, const double *padfY,
+                    const double *padfMIn = nullptr);
+    void setPoints(int, const double *padfX, const double *padfY,
+                   const double *padfZIn, const double *padfMIn);
+    void addPoint(const OGRPoint *);
+    void addPoint(double, double);
+    void addPoint(double, double, double);
+    void addPointM(double, double, double);
+    void addPoint(double, double, double, double);
+
+    bool removePoint(int);
+
+    void getPoints(OGRRawPoint *, double * = nullptr) const;
+    void getPoints(void *pabyX, int nXStride, void *pabyY, int nYStride,
+                   void *pabyZ = nullptr, int nZStride = 0,
+                   void *pabyM = nullptr, int nMStride = 0) const;
+
+    void addSubLineString(const OGRLineString *, int nStartVertex = 0,
+                          int nEndVertex = -1);
+    void reversePoints(void);
+    virtual OGRPointIterator *getPointIterator() const override;
+
+    // non-standard from OGRGeometry
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength) override;
+
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(Curve)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(SimpleCurve)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRSimpleCurve::begin() */
+inline OGRSimpleCurve::Iterator begin(OGRSimpleCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRSimpleCurve::end() */
+inline OGRSimpleCurve::Iterator end(OGRSimpleCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRSimpleCurve::begin() const */
+inline OGRSimpleCurve::ConstIterator begin(const OGRSimpleCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRSimpleCurve::end() const */
+inline OGRSimpleCurve::ConstIterator end(const OGRSimpleCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            OGRLineString                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete representation of a multi-vertex line.
+ *
+ * Note: for implementation convenience, we make it inherit from OGRSimpleCurve
+ * whereas SFSQL and SQL/MM only make it inherits from OGRCurve.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRLineString : public OGRSimpleCurve
+{
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedPrivateFunction
+    static OGRLinearRing *CasterToLinearRing(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRLineString *TransferMembersAndDestroy(OGRLineString *poSrc,
+                                                    OGRLineString *poDst);
+
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLineString GetCasterToLineString() const override;
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing GetCasterToLinearRing() const override;
+
+    virtual double get_AreaOfCurveSegments() const override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+    static OGRLinearRing *CastToLinearRing(OGRLineString *poLS);
+
+  public:
+    OGRLineString();
+    OGRLineString(const OGRLineString &other);
+    ~OGRLineString() override;
+
+    OGRLineString &operator=(const OGRLineString &other);
+
+    virtual OGRLineString *clone() const override;
+    virtual OGRLineString *
+    CurveToLine(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getCurveGeometry(const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual double get_Area() const override;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // Non-standard from OGRGeometry.
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual int isClockwise() const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRSimpleCurve *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRSimpleCurve *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(SimpleCurve)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(LineString)
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            OGRLinearRing                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete representation of a closed ring.
+ *
+ * This class is functionally equivalent to an OGRLineString, but has a
+ * separate identity to maintain alignment with the OpenGIS simple feature
+ * data model.  It exists to serve as a component of an OGRPolygon.
+ *
+ * The OGRLinearRing has no corresponding free standing well known binary
+ * representation, so importFromWkb() and exportToWkb() will not actually
+ * work.  There is a non-standard GDAL WKT representation though.
+ *
+ * Because OGRLinearRing is not a "proper" free standing simple features
+ * object, it cannot be directly used on a feature via SetGeometry(), and
+ * cannot generally be used with GEOS for operations like Intersects().
+ * Instead the polygon should be used, or the OGRLinearRing should be
+ * converted to an OGRLineString for such operations.
+ *
+ * Note: this class exists in SFSQL 1.2, but not in ISO SQL/MM Part 3.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRLinearRing : public OGRLineString
+{
+    static OGRLineString *CasterToLineString(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+
+    // IWks Interface - Note this isn't really a first class object
+    // for the purposes of WKB form.  These methods always fail since this
+    // object can't be serialized on its own.
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRPolygon;
+    friend class OGRTriangle;
+
+    // These are not IWks compatible ... just a convenience for OGRPolygon.
+    virtual size_t _WkbSize(int _flags) const;
+    virtual OGRErr _importFromWkb(OGRwkbByteOrder, int _flags,
+                                  const unsigned char *, size_t,
+                                  size_t &nBytesConsumedOut);
+    virtual OGRErr _exportToWkb(int _flags, unsigned char *,
+                                const OGRwkbExportOptions *) const;
+
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLineString GetCasterToLineString() const override;
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing GetCasterToLinearRing() const override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+    static OGRLineString *CastToLineString(OGRLinearRing *poLR);
+
+  public:
+    OGRLinearRing();
+    OGRLinearRing(const OGRLinearRing &other);
+    explicit OGRLinearRing(OGRLinearRing *);
+    ~OGRLinearRing() override;
+
+    OGRLinearRing &operator=(const OGRLinearRing &other);
+
+    // Non standard.
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRLinearRing *clone() const override;
+    virtual void reverseWindingOrder();
+    virtual void closeRings() override;
+    OGRBoolean isPointInRing(const OGRPoint *pt,
+                             int bTestEnvelope = TRUE) const;
+    OGRBoolean isPointOnRingBoundary(const OGRPoint *pt,
+                                     int bTestEnvelope = TRUE) const;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRLineString *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRLineString *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(LineString)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(LinearRing)
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                         OGRCircularString                            */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete representation of a circular string, that is to say a curve made
+ * of one or several arc circles.
+ *
+ * Note: for implementation convenience, we make it inherit from OGRSimpleCurve
+ * whereas SQL/MM only makes it inherits from OGRCurve.
+ *
+ * Compatibility: ISO SQL/MM Part 3.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRCircularString : public OGRSimpleCurve
+{
+  private:
+    void ExtendEnvelopeWithCircular(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const;
+    OGRBoolean IsValidFast() const;
+    int IsFullCircle(double &cx, double &cy, double &square_R) const;
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLineString GetCasterToLineString() const override;
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing GetCasterToLinearRing() const override;
+    virtual int IntersectsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const override;
+    virtual int ContainsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const override;
+    virtual double get_AreaOfCurveSegments() const override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRCircularString();
+    OGRCircularString(const OGRCircularString &other);
+    ~OGRCircularString() override;
+
+    OGRCircularString &operator=(const OGRCircularString &other);
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a circular string to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return  WKT string representing this circular string.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry interface.
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsValid() const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual OGRCircularString *clone() const override;
+
+    // ICurve methods.
+    virtual double get_Length() const override;
+    virtual OGRLineString *
+    CurveToLine(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual void Value(double, OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual double get_Area() const override;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // Non-standard from OGRGeometry.
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength) override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRSimpleCurve *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRSimpleCurve *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(SimpleCurve)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(CircularString)
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                           OGRCurveCollection                         */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Utility class to store a collection of curves. Used as a member of
+ * OGRCompoundCurve and OGRCurvePolygon.
+ *
+ * This class is only exported because of linking issues. It should never
+ * be directly used.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+class CPL_DLL OGRCurveCollection
+{
+  protected:
+    friend class OGRCompoundCurve;
+    friend class OGRCurvePolygon;
+    friend class OGRPolygon;
+    friend class OGRTriangle;
+
+    int nCurveCount = 0;
+    OGRCurve **papoCurves = nullptr;
+
+  public:
+    OGRCurveCollection();
+    OGRCurveCollection(const OGRCurveCollection &other);
+    ~OGRCurveCollection();
+
+    OGRCurveCollection &operator=(const OGRCurveCollection &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRCurve ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    OGRCurve **begin()
+    {
+        return papoCurves;
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    OGRCurve **end()
+    {
+        return papoCurves + nCurveCount;
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const OGRCurve *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return papoCurves;
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    const OGRCurve *const *end() const
+    {
+        return papoCurves + nCurveCount;
+    }
+
+    void empty(OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+    OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const;
+    void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const;
+    void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const;
+
+    OGRErr addCurveDirectly(OGRGeometry *poGeom, OGRCurve *poCurve,
+                            int bNeedRealloc);
+    size_t WkbSize() const;
+    OGRErr importPreambleFromWkb(OGRGeometry *poGeom,
+                                 const unsigned char *pabyData, size_t &nSize,
+                                 size_t &nDataOffset,
+                                 OGRwkbByteOrder &eByteOrder,
+                                 size_t nMinSubGeomSize,
+                                 OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant);
+    OGRErr
+    importBodyFromWkb(OGRGeometry *poGeom, const unsigned char *pabyData,
+                      size_t nSize, bool bAcceptCompoundCurve,
+                      OGRErr (*pfnAddCurveDirectlyFromWkb)(OGRGeometry *poGeom,
+                                                           OGRCurve *poCurve),
+                      OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant, size_t &nBytesConsumedOut);
+    std::string exportToWkt(const OGRGeometry *geom, const OGRWktOptions &opts,
+                            OGRErr *err) const;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(const OGRGeometry *poGeom, unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const;
+    OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRCurveCollection *poOCC) const;
+    void setCoordinateDimension(OGRGeometry *poGeom, int nNewDimension);
+    void set3D(OGRGeometry *poGeom, OGRBoolean bIs3D);
+    void setMeasured(OGRGeometry *poGeom, OGRBoolean bIsMeasured);
+    void assignSpatialReference(OGRGeometry *poGeom,
+                                const OGRSpatialReference *poSR);
+    int getNumCurves() const;
+    OGRCurve *getCurve(int);
+    const OGRCurve *getCurve(int) const;
+    OGRCurve *stealCurve(int);
+
+    OGRErr removeCurve(int iIndex, bool bDelete = true);
+
+    OGRErr transform(OGRGeometry *poGeom, OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT);
+    void flattenTo2D(OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+    void segmentize(double dfMaxLength);
+    void swapXY();
+    OGRBoolean hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear) const;
+};
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            OGRCompoundCurve                          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete representation of a compound curve, made of curves: OGRLineString
+ * and OGRCircularString. Each curve is connected by its first point to
+ * the last point of the previous curve.
+ *
+ * Compatibility: ISO SQL/MM Part 3.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRCompoundCurve : public OGRCurve
+{
+  private:
+    OGRCurveCollection oCC{};
+
+    OGRErr addCurveDirectlyInternal(OGRCurve *poCurve, double dfToleranceEps,
+                                    int bNeedRealloc);
+    static OGRErr addCurveDirectlyFromWkt(OGRGeometry *poSelf,
+                                          OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    static OGRErr addCurveDirectlyFromWkb(OGRGeometry *poSelf,
+                                          OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    OGRLineString *CurveToLineInternal(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees,
+                                       const char *const *papszOptions,
+                                       int bIsLinearRing) const;
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedPrivateFunction
+    static OGRLineString *CasterToLineString(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedPrivateFunction
+    static OGRLinearRing *CasterToLinearRing(OGRCurve *poCurve);
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRLineString *CastToLineString(OGRCompoundCurve *poCC);
+    static OGRLinearRing *CastToLinearRing(OGRCompoundCurve *poCC);
+
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLineString GetCasterToLineString() const override;
+    virtual OGRCurveCasterToLinearRing GetCasterToLinearRing() const override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRCompoundCurve();
+    OGRCompoundCurve(const OGRCompoundCurve &other);
+    ~OGRCompoundCurve() override;
+
+    OGRCompoundCurve &operator=(const OGRCompoundCurve &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRCurve ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return oCC.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return oCC.end();
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return oCC.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return oCC.end();
+    }
+
+    // IWks Interface
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a compound curve to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the compound curve.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry interface.
+    virtual OGRCompoundCurve *clone() const override;
+    virtual void empty() override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override;
+
+    // ICurve methods.
+    virtual double get_Length() const override;
+    virtual void StartPoint(OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual void EndPoint(OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual void Value(double, OGRPoint *) const override;
+    virtual OGRLineString *
+    CurveToLine(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+
+    virtual int getNumPoints() const override;
+    virtual double get_AreaOfCurveSegments() const override;
+    virtual double get_Area() const override;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // ISpatialRelation.
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+
+    // ICompoundCurve method.
+    int getNumCurves() const;
+    OGRCurve *getCurve(int);
+    const OGRCurve *getCurve(int) const;
+
+    // Non-standard.
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D) override;
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured) override;
+
+    virtual void
+    assignSpatialReference(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR) override;
+
+    /** Default relative tolerance to assume that the end of the previous curve
+     * is equal to the start of the next one.
+     */
+    static constexpr double DEFAULT_TOLERANCE_EPSILON = 1e-14;
+
+    OGRErr addCurve(const OGRCurve *,
+                    double dfToleranceEps = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE_EPSILON);
+    OGRErr addCurveDirectly(OGRCurve *,
+                            double dfToleranceEps = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE_EPSILON);
+    OGRErr addCurve(std::unique_ptr<OGRCurve>,
+                    double dfToleranceEps = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE_EPSILON);
+    OGRCurve *stealCurve(int);
+    virtual OGRPointIterator *getPointIterator() const override;
+
+    // Non-standard from OGRGeometry.
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength) override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(Curve)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(CompoundCurve)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRCompoundCurve::begin() const */
+inline const OGRCompoundCurve::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRCompoundCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCompoundCurve::end() const */
+inline const OGRCompoundCurve::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRCompoundCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCompoundCurve::begin() */
+inline OGRCompoundCurve::ChildType **begin(OGRCompoundCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCompoundCurve::end() */
+inline OGRCompoundCurve::ChildType **end(OGRCompoundCurve *poCurve)
+{
+    return poCurve->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                              OGRSurface                              */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for 2 dimensional objects like polygons or curve
+ * polygons.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRSurface : public OGRGeometry
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon GetCasterToPolygon() const = 0;
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToCurvePolygon GetCasterToCurvePolygon() const = 0;
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    virtual double get_Area() const = 0;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const = 0;
+
+    virtual OGRErr PointOnSurface(OGRPoint *poPoint) const
+    {
+        return PointOnSurfaceInternal(poPoint);
+    }
+
+    virtual OGRSurface *clone() const override = 0;
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRPolygon *CastToPolygon(OGRSurface *poSurface);
+    static OGRCurvePolygon *CastToCurvePolygon(OGRSurface *poSurface);
+    //! @endcond
+
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POINT
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_CURVES
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(Surface)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_MULTI
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          OGRCurvePolygon                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete class representing curve polygons.
+ *
+ * Note that curve polygons consist of one outer (curve) ring, and zero or
+ * more inner rings.  A curve polygon cannot represent disconnected
+ * regions (such as multiple islands in a political body).  The
+ * OGRMultiSurface must be used for this.
+ *
+ * Compatibility: ISO SQL/MM Part 3.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRCurvePolygon : public OGRSurface
+{
+    static OGRPolygon *CasterToPolygon(OGRSurface *poSurface);
+
+  private:
+    OGRBoolean IntersectsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const;
+    OGRBoolean ContainsPoint(const OGRPoint *p) const;
+    virtual int checkRing(OGRCurve *poNewRing) const;
+    OGRErr addRingDirectlyInternal(OGRCurve *poCurve, int bNeedRealloc);
+    static OGRErr addCurveDirectlyFromWkt(OGRGeometry *poSelf,
+                                          OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    static OGRErr addCurveDirectlyFromWkb(OGRGeometry *poSelf,
+                                          OGRCurve *poCurve);
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRPolygon;
+    friend class OGRTriangle;
+    OGRCurveCollection oCC{};
+
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon GetCasterToPolygon() const override;
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToCurvePolygon
+    GetCasterToCurvePolygon() const override;
+
+    //! @endcond
+
+    static OGRPolygon *CastToPolygon(OGRCurvePolygon *poCP);
+
+  public:
+    OGRCurvePolygon();
+    OGRCurvePolygon(const OGRCurvePolygon &);
+    ~OGRCurvePolygon() override;
+
+    OGRCurvePolygon &operator=(const OGRCurvePolygon &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRCurve ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return oCC.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return oCC.end();
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of curve iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return oCC.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of curve iterator. */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return oCC.end();
+    }
+
+    // Non standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRCurvePolygon *clone() const override;
+    virtual void empty() override;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override;
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength) override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // ISurface Interface
+    virtual double get_Area() const override;
+
+    // IWks Interface
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a curve polygon to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the curve polygon.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+
+    // ICurvePolygon
+    virtual OGRPolygon *
+    CurvePolyToPoly(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                    const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const;
+
+    // ISpatialRelation
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Intersects(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Contains(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D) override;
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured) override;
+
+    virtual void
+    assignSpatialReference(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR) override;
+
+    virtual OGRErr addRing(OGRCurve *);
+    virtual OGRErr addRingDirectly(OGRCurve *);
+    OGRErr addRing(std::unique_ptr<OGRCurve>);
+
+    OGRCurve *getExteriorRingCurve();
+    const OGRCurve *getExteriorRingCurve() const;
+    int getNumInteriorRings() const;
+    OGRCurve *getInteriorRingCurve(int);
+    const OGRCurve *getInteriorRingCurve(int) const;
+
+    OGRCurve *stealExteriorRingCurve();
+
+    OGRErr removeRing(int iIndex, bool bDelete = true);
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(Surface)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(CurvePolygon)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRCurvePolygon::begin() const */
+inline const OGRCurvePolygon::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRCurvePolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCurvePolygon::end() const */
+inline const OGRCurvePolygon::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRCurvePolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCurvePolygon::begin() */
+inline OGRCurvePolygon::ChildType **begin(OGRCurvePolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRCurvePolygon::end() */
+inline OGRCurvePolygon::ChildType **end(OGRCurvePolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                              OGRPolygon                              */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Concrete class representing polygons.
+ *
+ * Note that the OpenGIS simple features polygons consist of one outer ring
+ * (linearring), and zero or more inner rings.  A polygon cannot represent
+ * disconnected regions (such as multiple islands in a political body).  The
+ * OGRMultiPolygon must be used for this.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRPolygon : public OGRCurvePolygon
+{
+    static OGRCurvePolygon *CasterToCurvePolygon(OGRSurface *poSurface);
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRMultiSurface;
+    friend class OGRPolyhedralSurface;
+    friend class OGRTriangulatedSurface;
+
+    virtual int checkRing(OGRCurve *poNewRing) const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWKTListOnly(const char **ppszInput, int bHasZ,
+                                         int bHasM, OGRRawPoint *&paoPoints,
+                                         int &nMaxPoints, double *&padfZ);
+
+    static OGRCurvePolygon *CastToCurvePolygon(OGRPolygon *poPoly);
+
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon GetCasterToPolygon() const override;
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToCurvePolygon
+    GetCasterToCurvePolygon() const override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRPolygon();
+    OGRPolygon(const OGRPolygon &other);
+    ~OGRPolygon() override;
+
+    OGRPolygon &operator=(const OGRPolygon &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRLinearRing ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(oCC.begin());
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(oCC.end());
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(oCC.begin());
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(oCC.end());
+    }
+
+    // Non-standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRPolygon *clone() const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getCurveGeometry(const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a polygon to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the polygon.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // ICurvePolygon.
+    virtual OGRPolygon *
+    CurvePolyToPoly(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                    const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+
+    OGRLinearRing *getExteriorRing();
+    const OGRLinearRing *getExteriorRing() const;
+    virtual OGRLinearRing *getInteriorRing(int);
+    virtual const OGRLinearRing *getInteriorRing(int) const;
+
+    OGRLinearRing *stealExteriorRing();
+    virtual OGRLinearRing *stealInteriorRing(int);
+
+    OGRBoolean IsPointOnSurface(const OGRPoint *) const;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRCurvePolygon *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRCurvePolygon *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void closeRings() override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(CurvePolygon)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(Polygon)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRPolygon::begin() const */
+inline const OGRPolygon::ChildType *const *begin(const OGRPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolygon::end() const */
+inline const OGRPolygon::ChildType *const *end(const OGRPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolygon::begin() */
+inline OGRPolygon::ChildType **begin(OGRPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolygon::end() */
+inline OGRPolygon::ChildType **end(OGRPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                              OGRTriangle                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Triangle class.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.2
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRTriangle : public OGRPolygon
+{
+  private:
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedPrivateFunction
+    static OGRPolygon *CasterToPolygon(OGRSurface *poSurface);
+    bool quickValidityCheck() const;
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon GetCasterToPolygon() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWKTListOnly(const char **ppszInput, int bHasZ,
+                                         int bHasM, OGRRawPoint *&paoPoints,
+                                         int &nMaxPoints,
+                                         double *&padfZ) override;
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRTriangle();
+    OGRTriangle(const OGRPoint &p, const OGRPoint &q, const OGRPoint &r);
+    OGRTriangle(const OGRTriangle &other);
+    OGRTriangle(const OGRPolygon &other, OGRErr &eErr);
+    OGRTriangle &operator=(const OGRTriangle &other);
+    ~OGRTriangle() override;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRTriangle *clone() const override;
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+
+    // New methods rewritten from OGRPolygon/OGRCurvePolygon/OGRGeometry.
+    virtual OGRErr addRingDirectly(OGRCurve *poNewRing) override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRPolygon *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRPolygon *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRGeometry *CastToPolygon(OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+    //! @endcond
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(Polygon)
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(Triangle)
+};
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                        OGRGeometryCollection                         */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of 1 or more geometry objects.
+ *
+ * All geometries must share a common spatial reference system, and
+ * Subclasses may impose additional restrictions on the contents.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRGeometryCollection : public OGRGeometry
+{
+    OGRErr importFromWktInternal(const char **ppszInput, int nRecLevel);
+
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    int nGeomCount = 0;
+    OGRGeometry **papoGeoms = nullptr;
+
+    std::string
+    exportToWktInternal(const OGRWktOptions &opts, OGRErr *err,
+                        const std::string &exclude = std::string()) const;
+    static OGRGeometryCollection *
+    TransferMembersAndDestroy(OGRGeometryCollection *poSrc,
+                              OGRGeometryCollection *poDst);
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkbInternal(const unsigned char *pabyData, size_t nSize,
+                                 int nRecLevel, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut);
+    //! @endcond
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const;
+
+  public:
+    OGRGeometryCollection();
+    OGRGeometryCollection(const OGRGeometryCollection &other);
+    ~OGRGeometryCollection() override;
+
+    OGRGeometryCollection &operator=(const OGRGeometryCollection &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRGeometry ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of sub-geometry iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return papoGeoms;
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of sub-geometry iterator. */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return papoGeoms + nGeomCount;
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of sub-geometry iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return papoGeoms;
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of sub-geometry iterator. */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return papoGeoms + nGeomCount;
+    }
+
+    // Non standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometryCollection *clone() const override;
+    virtual void empty() override;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT) override;
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override;
+    virtual void segmentize(double dfMaxLength) override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getCurveGeometry(const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual OGRGeometry *
+    getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees = 0,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual double
+    get_GeodesicArea(const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const;
+
+    // IWks Interface
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a geometry collection to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the geometry collection.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    virtual double get_Length() const;
+    virtual double get_Area() const;
+
+    // IGeometry methods
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    int getNumGeometries() const;
+    OGRGeometry *getGeometryRef(int);
+    const OGRGeometry *getGeometryRef(int) const;
+
+    // ISpatialRelation
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D) override;
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured) override;
+    virtual OGRErr addGeometry(const OGRGeometry *);
+    virtual OGRErr addGeometryDirectly(OGRGeometry *);
+    OGRErr addGeometry(std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry> geom);
+    virtual OGRErr removeGeometry(int iIndex, int bDelete = TRUE);
+
+    virtual void
+    assignSpatialReference(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR) override;
+
+    void closeRings() override;
+
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRGeometryCollection *
+    CastToGeometryCollection(OGRGeometryCollection *poSrc);
+
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_POINT
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_CURVES
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_ALL_SURFACES
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(GeometryCollection)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRGeometryCollection::begin() const */
+inline const OGRGeometryCollection::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRGeometryCollection *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRGeometryCollection::end() const */
+inline const OGRGeometryCollection::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRGeometryCollection *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRGeometryCollection::begin() */
+inline OGRGeometryCollection::ChildType **begin(OGRGeometryCollection *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRGeometryCollection::end() */
+inline OGRGeometryCollection::ChildType **end(OGRGeometryCollection *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          OGRMultiSurface                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of non-overlapping OGRSurface.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRMultiSurface : public OGRGeometryCollection
+{
+  protected:
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+
+  public:
+    OGRMultiSurface();
+    OGRMultiSurface(const OGRMultiSurface &other);
+    ~OGRMultiSurface() override;
+
+    OGRMultiSurface &operator=(const OGRMultiSurface &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRSurface ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms + nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms +
+                                                          nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    // Non standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRMultiSurface *clone() const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a geometry collection to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the geometry collection.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IMultiSurface methods
+    virtual OGRErr PointOnSurface(OGRPoint *poPoint) const;
+
+    // IGeometry methods
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRSurface *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toSurface();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRSurface *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toSurface();
+    }
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRMultiPolygon *CastToMultiPolygon(OGRMultiSurface *poMS);
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(MultiSurface)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(GeometryCollection)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOINT
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTILINESTRING
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTICURVE
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRMultiSurface::begin() const */
+inline const OGRMultiSurface::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRMultiSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiSurface::end() const */
+inline const OGRMultiSurface::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRMultiSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiSurface::begin() */
+inline OGRMultiSurface::ChildType **begin(OGRMultiSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiSurface::end() */
+inline OGRMultiSurface::ChildType **end(OGRMultiSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                           OGRMultiPolygon                            */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of non-overlapping OGRPolygon.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRMultiPolygon : public OGRMultiSurface
+{
+  protected:
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+    friend class OGRPolyhedralSurface;
+    friend class OGRTriangulatedSurface;
+
+  private:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    OGRErr _addGeometryWithExpectedSubGeometryType(
+        const OGRGeometry *poNewGeom, OGRwkbGeometryType eSubGeometryType);
+    OGRErr _addGeometryDirectlyWithExpectedSubGeometryType(
+        OGRGeometry *poNewGeom, OGRwkbGeometryType eSubGeometryType);
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRMultiPolygon();
+    OGRMultiPolygon(const OGRMultiPolygon &other);
+    ~OGRMultiPolygon() override;
+
+    OGRMultiPolygon &operator=(const OGRMultiPolygon &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRPolygon ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms + nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms +
+                                                          nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRPolygon *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toPolygon();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRPolygon *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toPolygon();
+    }
+
+    // Non-standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRMultiPolygon *clone() const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+
+    /// Export a multipolygon to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the multipolygon.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRMultiSurface *CastToMultiSurface(OGRMultiPolygon *poMP);
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(MultiPolygon)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(MultiSurface)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRMultiPolygon::begin() const */
+inline const OGRMultiPolygon::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRMultiPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPolygon::end() const */
+inline const OGRMultiPolygon::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRMultiPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPolygon::begin() */
+inline OGRMultiPolygon::ChildType **begin(OGRMultiPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPolygon::end() */
+inline OGRMultiPolygon::ChildType **end(OGRMultiPolygon *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                         OGRPolyhedralSurface                         */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * PolyhedralSurface class.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.2
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRPolyhedralSurface : public OGRSurface
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    friend class OGRTriangulatedSurface;
+    OGRMultiPolygon oMP{};
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToPolygon GetCasterToPolygon() const override;
+    virtual OGRSurfaceCasterToCurvePolygon
+    GetCasterToCurvePolygon() const override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const;
+    virtual const char *getSubGeometryName() const;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getSubGeometryType() const;
+    std::string exportToWktInternal(const OGRWktOptions &opts,
+                                    OGRErr *err) const;
+
+    virtual OGRPolyhedralSurfaceCastToMultiPolygon
+    GetCasterToMultiPolygon() const;
+    static OGRMultiPolygon *CastToMultiPolygonImpl(OGRPolyhedralSurface *poPS);
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRPolyhedralSurface();
+    OGRPolyhedralSurface(const OGRPolyhedralSurface &poGeom);
+    ~OGRPolyhedralSurface() override;
+    OGRPolyhedralSurface &operator=(const OGRPolyhedralSurface &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRPolygon ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return oMP.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return oMP.end();
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return oMP.begin();
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return oMP.end();
+    }
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual size_t WkbSize() const override;
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+    OGRErr exportToWkb(unsigned char *,
+                       const OGRwkbExportOptions * = nullptr) const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a polyhedral surface to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the polyhedral surface.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry methods.
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+
+    virtual void empty() override;
+
+    virtual OGRPolyhedralSurface *clone() const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const override;
+    virtual void getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const override;
+
+    virtual void flattenTo2D() override;
+    virtual OGRErr transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *) override;
+    virtual OGRBoolean Equals(const OGRGeometry *) const override;
+    virtual double get_Area() const override;
+    virtual double get_GeodesicArea(
+        const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride = nullptr) const override;
+    virtual OGRErr PointOnSurface(OGRPoint *) const override;
+
+    static OGRMultiPolygon *CastToMultiPolygon(OGRPolyhedralSurface *poPS);
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+    virtual OGRErr addGeometry(const OGRGeometry *);
+    OGRErr addGeometryDirectly(OGRGeometry *poNewGeom);
+    OGRErr addGeometry(std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry> poNewGeom);
+
+    int getNumGeometries() const;
+    OGRPolygon *getGeometryRef(int i);
+    const OGRPolygon *getGeometryRef(int i) const;
+
+    virtual OGRBoolean IsEmpty() const override;
+    virtual void setCoordinateDimension(int nDimension) override;
+    virtual void set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D) override;
+    virtual void setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured) override;
+    virtual void swapXY() override;
+    OGRErr removeGeometry(int iIndex, int bDelete = TRUE);
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    assignSpatialReference(const OGRSpatialReference *poSR) override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(PolyhedralSurface)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(Surface)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRPolyhedralSurface::begin() const */
+inline const OGRPolyhedralSurface::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRPolyhedralSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolyhedralSurface::end() const */
+inline const OGRPolyhedralSurface::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRPolyhedralSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolyhedralSurface::begin() */
+inline OGRPolyhedralSurface::ChildType **begin(OGRPolyhedralSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRPolyhedralSurface::end() */
+inline OGRPolyhedralSurface::ChildType **end(OGRPolyhedralSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                        OGRTriangulatedSurface                        */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * TriangulatedSurface class.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.2
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRTriangulatedSurface : public OGRPolyhedralSurface
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+    virtual const char *getSubGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getSubGeometryType() const override;
+
+    virtual OGRPolyhedralSurfaceCastToMultiPolygon
+    GetCasterToMultiPolygon() const override;
+    static OGRMultiPolygon *CastToMultiPolygonImpl(OGRPolyhedralSurface *poPS);
+    //! @endcond
+
+  public:
+    OGRTriangulatedSurface();
+    OGRTriangulatedSurface(const OGRTriangulatedSurface &other);
+    ~OGRTriangulatedSurface();
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRTriangle ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(oMP.begin());
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(oMP.end());
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(oMP.begin());
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(oMP.end());
+    }
+
+    OGRTriangulatedSurface &operator=(const OGRTriangulatedSurface &other);
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRTriangulatedSurface *clone() const override;
+
+    /** See OGRPolyhedralSurface::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRTriangle *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRPolyhedralSurface::getGeometryRef(i)->toTriangle();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRPolyhedralSurface::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRTriangle *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRPolyhedralSurface::getGeometryRef(i)->toTriangle();
+    }
+
+    // IWks Interface.
+    virtual OGRErr addGeometry(const OGRGeometry *) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRPolyhedralSurface::addGeometry;
+#endif
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRPolyhedralSurface *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRPolyhedralSurface *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRPolyhedralSurface *
+    CastToPolyhedralSurface(OGRTriangulatedSurface *poTS);
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(TriangulatedSurface)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(PolyhedralSurface)
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRTriangulatedSurface::begin() const */
+inline const OGRTriangulatedSurface::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRTriangulatedSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRTriangulatedSurface::end() const */
+inline const OGRTriangulatedSurface::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRTriangulatedSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRTriangulatedSurface::begin() */
+inline OGRTriangulatedSurface::ChildType **begin(OGRTriangulatedSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRTriangulatedSurface::end() */
+inline OGRTriangulatedSurface::ChildType **end(OGRTriangulatedSurface *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            OGRMultiPoint                             */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of OGRPoint.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRMultiPoint : public OGRGeometryCollection
+{
+  private:
+    OGRErr importFromWkt_Bracketed(const char **, int bHasM, int bHasZ);
+
+  protected:
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+
+  public:
+    OGRMultiPoint();
+    OGRMultiPoint(const OGRMultiPoint &other);
+    ~OGRMultiPoint() override;
+
+    OGRMultiPoint &operator=(const OGRMultiPoint &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRPoint ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms + nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms +
+                                                          nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRPoint *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toPoint();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRPoint *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toPoint();
+    }
+
+    // Non-standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRMultiPoint *clone() const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a multipoint to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the multipoint.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry methods.
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    // Non-standard.
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(MultiPoint)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(GeometryCollection)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTILINESTRING
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTICURVE
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTISURFACE
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOLYGON
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRMultiPoint::begin() const */
+inline const OGRMultiPoint::ChildType *const *begin(const OGRMultiPoint *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPoint::end() const */
+inline const OGRMultiPoint::ChildType *const *end(const OGRMultiPoint *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPoint::begin() */
+inline OGRMultiPoint::ChildType **begin(OGRMultiPoint *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiPoint::end() */
+inline OGRMultiPoint::ChildType **end(OGRMultiPoint *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          OGRMultiCurve                               */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of OGRCurve.
+ *
+ * @since GDAL 2.0
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRMultiCurve : public OGRGeometryCollection
+{
+  protected:
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    static OGRErr addCurveDirectlyFromWkt(OGRGeometry *poSelf,
+                                          OGRCurve *poCurve);
+    //! @endcond
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+
+  public:
+    OGRMultiCurve();
+    OGRMultiCurve(const OGRMultiCurve &other);
+    ~OGRMultiCurve() override;
+
+    OGRMultiCurve &operator=(const OGRMultiCurve &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRCurve ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms + nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms +
+                                                          nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRCurve *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toCurve();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRCurve *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toCurve();
+    }
+
+    // Non standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRMultiCurve *clone() const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::importFromWkt; /** deprecated */
+#endif
+
+    OGRErr importFromWkt(const char **) override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    /// Export a multicurve to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the multicurve.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // IGeometry methods.
+    virtual int getDimension() const override;
+
+    // Non-standard.
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRMultiLineString *CastToMultiLineString(OGRMultiCurve *poMC);
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(MultiCurve)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(GeometryCollection)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOINT
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTISURFACE
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOLYGON
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRMultiCurve::begin() const */
+inline const OGRMultiCurve::ChildType *const *begin(const OGRMultiCurve *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiCurve::end() const */
+inline const OGRMultiCurve::ChildType *const *end(const OGRMultiCurve *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiCurve::begin() */
+inline OGRMultiCurve::ChildType **begin(OGRMultiCurve *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiCurve::end() */
+inline OGRMultiCurve::ChildType **end(OGRMultiCurve *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          OGRMultiLineString                          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * A collection of OGRLineString.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRMultiLineString : public OGRMultiCurve
+{
+  protected:
+    virtual OGRBoolean isCompatibleSubType(OGRwkbGeometryType) const override;
+
+  public:
+    OGRMultiLineString();
+    OGRMultiLineString(const OGRMultiLineString &other);
+    ~OGRMultiLineString() override;
+
+    OGRMultiLineString &operator=(const OGRMultiLineString &other);
+
+    /** Type of child elements. */
+    typedef OGRLineString ChildType;
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    ChildType **begin()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    ChildType **end()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChildType **>(papoGeoms + nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    /** Return begin of iterator.
+     * @since GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    const ChildType *const *begin() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms);
+    }
+
+    /** Return end of iterator */
+    const ChildType *const *end() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const ChildType *const *>(papoGeoms +
+                                                          nGeomCount);
+    }
+
+    // IGeometryCollection
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    OGRLineString *getGeometryRef(int i)
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toLineString();
+    }
+
+    /** See OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef() */
+    const OGRLineString *getGeometryRef(int i) const
+    {
+        return OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(i)->toLineString();
+    }
+
+    // Non standard (OGRGeometry).
+    virtual const char *getGeometryName() const override;
+    virtual OGRwkbGeometryType getGeometryType() const override;
+    virtual OGRMultiLineString *clone() const override;
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN_XML
+    using OGRGeometry::exportToWkt;
+#endif
+
+    virtual OGRErr importFromWkb(const unsigned char *, size_t, OGRwkbVariant,
+                                 size_t &nBytesConsumedOut) override;
+
+    /// Export a multilinestring to WKT
+    /// \param opts  Output options.
+    /// \param err   Pointer to error code, if desired.
+    /// \return      WKT representation of the multilinestring.
+    virtual std::string exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts = OGRWktOptions(),
+                                    OGRErr *err = nullptr) const override;
+
+    // Non standard
+    virtual OGRBoolean
+    hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear = FALSE) const override;
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass()
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Return pointer of this in upper class */
+    inline const OGRGeometryCollection *toUpperClass() const
+    {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRGeometryVisitor *visitor) override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void accept(IOGRConstGeometryVisitor *visitor) const override
+    {
+        visitor->visit(this);
+    }
+
+    static OGRMultiCurve *CastToMultiCurve(OGRMultiLineString *poMLS);
+
+    OGR_ALLOW_CAST_TO_THIS(MultiLineString)
+    OGR_ALLOW_UPCAST_TO(MultiCurve)
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOINT
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTISURFACE
+    OGR_FORBID_DOWNCAST_TO_MULTIPOLYGON
+};
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+/** @see OGRMultiLineString::begin() const */
+inline const OGRMultiLineString::ChildType *const *
+begin(const OGRMultiLineString *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiLineString::end() const */
+inline const OGRMultiLineString::ChildType *const *
+end(const OGRMultiLineString *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiLineString::begin() */
+inline OGRMultiLineString::ChildType **begin(OGRMultiLineString *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->begin();
+}
+
+/** @see OGRMultiLineString::end() */
+inline OGRMultiLineString::ChildType **end(OGRMultiLineString *poGeom)
+{
+    return poGeom->end();
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          OGRGeometryFactory                          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Create geometry objects from well known text/binary.
+ */
+
+class CPL_DLL OGRGeometryFactory
+{
+    static OGRErr createFromFgfInternal(const unsigned char *pabyData,
+                                        OGRSpatialReference *poSR,
+                                        OGRGeometry **ppoReturn, int nBytes,
+                                        int *pnBytesConsumed, int nRecLevel);
+
+  public:
+    static OGRErr createFromWkb(const void *, const OGRSpatialReference *,
+                                OGRGeometry **,
+                                size_t = static_cast<size_t>(-1),
+                                OGRwkbVariant = wkbVariantOldOgc);
+    static OGRErr createFromWkb(const void *pabyData,
+                                const OGRSpatialReference *, OGRGeometry **,
+                                size_t nSize, OGRwkbVariant eVariant,
+                                size_t &nBytesConsumedOut);
+    static OGRErr createFromWkt(const char *, const OGRSpatialReference *,
+                                OGRGeometry **);
+    static OGRErr createFromWkt(const char **, const OGRSpatialReference *,
+                                OGRGeometry **);
+
+    /** Deprecated.
+     * @deprecated in GDAL 2.3
+     */
+    static OGRErr createFromWkt(char **ppszInput,
+                                const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS,
+                                OGRGeometry **ppoGeom)
+        CPL_WARN_DEPRECATED("Use createFromWkt(const char**, ...) instead")
+    {
+        return createFromWkt(const_cast<const char **>(ppszInput), poSRS,
+                             ppoGeom);
+    }
+
+    static OGRErr createFromFgf(const void *, OGRSpatialReference *,
+                                OGRGeometry **, int = -1, int * = nullptr);
+    static OGRGeometry *createFromGML(const char *);
+    static OGRGeometry *createFromGEOS(GEOSContextHandle_t hGEOSCtxt, GEOSGeom);
+    static OGRGeometry *createFromGeoJson(const char *, int = -1);
+    static OGRGeometry *createFromGeoJson(const CPLJSONObject &oJSONObject);
+
+    static void destroyGeometry(OGRGeometry *);
+    static OGRGeometry *createGeometry(OGRwkbGeometryType);
+
+    static OGRGeometry *forceToPolygon(OGRGeometry *);
+    static OGRGeometry *forceToLineString(OGRGeometry *,
+                                          bool bOnlyInOrder = true);
+    static OGRGeometry *forceToMultiPolygon(OGRGeometry *);
+    static OGRGeometry *forceToMultiPoint(OGRGeometry *);
+    static OGRGeometry *forceToMultiLineString(OGRGeometry *);
+
+    static OGRGeometry *forceTo(OGRGeometry *poGeom,
+                                OGRwkbGeometryType eTargetType,
+                                const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr);
+
+    static OGRGeometry *removeLowerDimensionSubGeoms(const OGRGeometry *poGeom);
+
+    static OGRGeometry *organizePolygons(OGRGeometry **papoPolygons,
+                                         int nPolygonCount,
+                                         int *pbResultValidGeometry,
+                                         const char **papszOptions = nullptr);
+    static bool haveGEOS();
+
+    /** Opaque class used as argument to transformWithOptions() */
+    class CPL_DLL TransformWithOptionsCache
+    {
+        friend class OGRGeometryFactory;
+        struct Private;
+        std::unique_ptr<Private> d;
+
+      public:
+        TransformWithOptionsCache();
+        ~TransformWithOptionsCache();
+    };
+
+    static OGRGeometry *transformWithOptions(
+        const OGRGeometry *poSrcGeom, OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT,
+        char **papszOptions,
+        const TransformWithOptionsCache &cache = TransformWithOptionsCache());
+
+    static OGRGeometry *
+    approximateArcAngles(double dfX, double dfY, double dfZ,
+                         double dfPrimaryRadius, double dfSecondaryAxis,
+                         double dfRotation, double dfStartAngle,
+                         double dfEndAngle, double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees,
+                         const bool bUseMaxGap = false);
+
+    static int GetCurveParameters(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
+                                  double x2, double y2, double &R, double &cx,
+                                  double &cy, double &alpha0, double &alpha1,
+                                  double &alpha2);
+    static OGRLineString *
+    curveToLineString(double x0, double y0, double z0, double x1, double y1,
+                      double z1, double x2, double y2, double z2, int bHasZ,
+                      double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees,
+                      const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr);
+    static OGRCurve *
+    curveFromLineString(const OGRLineString *poLS,
+                        const char *const *papszOptions = nullptr);
+};
+
+OGRwkbGeometryType CPL_DLL OGRFromOGCGeomType(const char *pszGeomType);
+const char CPL_DLL *OGRToOGCGeomType(OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType,
+                                     bool bCamelCase = false,
+                                     bool bAddZM = false,
+                                     bool bSpaceBeforeZM = false);
+
+//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+typedef struct _OGRPreparedGeometry OGRPreparedGeometry;
+
+struct CPL_DLL OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtrDeleter
+{
+    void operator()(OGRPreparedGeometry *) const;
+};
+
+//! @endcond
+
+/** Unique pointer type for OGRPreparedGeometry.
+ * @since GDAL 2.3
+ */
+typedef std::unique_ptr<OGRPreparedGeometry,
+                        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtrDeleter>
+    OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr;
+
+#endif /* ndef OGR_GEOMETRY_H_INCLUDED */