urbanopt-cli 0.6.4 → 0.7.0

data/example_files/resources/hpxml-measures/HPXMLtoOpenStudio/resources/hpxml_defaults.rb

@@ -2,52 +2,108 @@
 
 class HPXMLDefaults
   # Note: Each HPXML object (e.g., HPXML::Wall) has an additional_properties
-  # child object where # custom information can be attached to the object without
+  # child object where custom information can be attached to the object without
   # being written to the HPXML file. This is useful to associate additional values
   # with the HPXML objects that will ultimately get passed around.
 
-  def self.apply(hpxml, eri_version, weather, epw_file: nil)
+  def self.apply(hpxml, eri_version, weather, epw_file: nil, convert_shared_systems: true)
     cfa = hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_floor_area
     nbeds = hpxml.building_construction.number_of_bedrooms
     ncfl = hpxml.building_construction.number_of_conditioned_floors
     ncfl_ag = hpxml.building_construction.number_of_conditioned_floors_above_grade
-    has_uncond_bsmnt = hpxml.has_space_type(HPXML::LocationBasementUnconditioned)
+    has_uncond_bsmnt = hpxml.has_location(HPXML::LocationBasementUnconditioned)
+
+    infil_volume = nil
+    infil_measurements = []
+    hpxml.air_infiltration_measurements.each do |measurement|
+      is_ach = ((measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsACH) && !measurement.house_pressure.nil?)
+      is_cfm = ((measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsCFM) && !measurement.house_pressure.nil?)
+      is_nach = (measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsACHNatural)
+      next unless (is_ach || is_cfm || is_nach)
+
+      infil_measurements << measurement
+      next if measurement.infiltration_volume.nil?
+
+      infil_volume = measurement.infiltration_volume
+    end
 
     apply_header(hpxml, epw_file)
     apply_site(hpxml)
+    apply_neighbor_buildings(hpxml)
     apply_building_occupancy(hpxml, nbeds)
-    apply_building_construction(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
-    apply_infiltration(hpxml)
+    apply_building_construction(hpxml, cfa, nbeds, infil_volume)
+    apply_infiltration(hpxml, infil_volume, infil_measurements)
     apply_attics(hpxml)
     apply_foundations(hpxml)
     apply_roofs(hpxml)
     apply_rim_joists(hpxml)
     apply_walls(hpxml)
     apply_foundation_walls(hpxml)
+    apply_frame_floors(hpxml)
     apply_slabs(hpxml)
     apply_windows(hpxml)
     apply_skylights(hpxml)
-    apply_hvac(hpxml, weather)
+    apply_doors(hpxml)
+    apply_partition_wall_mass(hpxml)
+    apply_furniture_mass(hpxml)
+    apply_hvac(hpxml, weather, convert_shared_systems)
     apply_hvac_control(hpxml)
     apply_hvac_distribution(hpxml, ncfl, ncfl_ag)
-    apply_ventilation_fans(hpxml)
+    apply_ventilation_fans(hpxml, infil_measurements, weather, cfa, nbeds)
     apply_water_heaters(hpxml, nbeds, eri_version)
     apply_hot_water_distribution(hpxml, cfa, ncfl, has_uncond_bsmnt)
     apply_water_fixtures(hpxml)
     apply_solar_thermal_systems(hpxml)
     apply_appliances(hpxml, nbeds, eri_version)
     apply_lighting(hpxml)
-    apply_ceiling_fans(hpxml, nbeds)
+    apply_ceiling_fans(hpxml, nbeds, weather)
     apply_pools_and_hot_tubs(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
     apply_plug_loads(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
     apply_fuel_loads(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
     apply_pv_systems(hpxml)
     apply_generators(hpxml)
+    apply_batteries(hpxml)
 
     # Do HVAC sizing after all other defaults have been applied
     apply_hvac_sizing(hpxml, weather, cfa, nbeds)
   end
 
+  def self.get_default_azimuths(hpxml)
+    def self.sanitize_azimuth(azimuth)
+      # Ensure 0 <= orientation < 360
+      while azimuth < 0
+        azimuth += 360
+      end
+      while azimuth >= 360
+        azimuth -= 360
+      end
+      return azimuth
+    end
+
+    # Returns a list of four azimuths (facing each direction). Determined based
+    # on the primary azimuth, as defined by the azimuth with the largest surface
+    # area, plus azimuths that are offset by 90/180/270 degrees. Used for
+    # surfaces that may not have an azimuth defined (e.g., walls).
+    azimuth_areas = {}
+    (hpxml.roofs + hpxml.rim_joists + hpxml.walls + hpxml.foundation_walls +
+     hpxml.windows + hpxml.skylights + hpxml.doors).each do |surface|
+      az = surface.azimuth
+      next if az.nil?
+
+      azimuth_areas[az] = 0 if azimuth_areas[az].nil?
+      azimuth_areas[az] += surface.area
+    end
+    if azimuth_areas.empty?
+      primary_azimuth = 0
+    else
+      primary_azimuth = azimuth_areas.max_by { |k, v| v }[0]
+    end
+    return [primary_azimuth,
+            sanitize_azimuth(primary_azimuth + 90),
+            sanitize_azimuth(primary_azimuth + 180),
+            sanitize_azimuth(primary_azimuth + 270)].sort
+  end
+
   private
 
   def self.apply_header(hpxml, epw_file)
@@ -142,24 +198,54 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     hpxml.site.additional_properties.aim2_shelter_coeff = Airflow.get_aim2_shelter_coefficient(hpxml.site.shielding_of_home)
   end
 
+  def self.apply_neighbor_buildings(hpxml)
+    hpxml.neighbor_buildings.each do |neighbor_building|
+      if neighbor_building.azimuth.nil?
+        neighbor_building.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(neighbor_building.orientation)
+        neighbor_building.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if neighbor_building.orientation.nil?
+        neighbor_building.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(neighbor_building.azimuth)
+        neighbor_building.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def self.apply_building_occupancy(hpxml, nbeds)
     if hpxml.building_occupancy.number_of_residents.nil?
       hpxml.building_occupancy.number_of_residents = Geometry.get_occupancy_default_num(nbeds)
       hpxml.building_occupancy.number_of_residents_isdefaulted = true
     end
+    if hpxml.building_occupancy.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.weekday_fractions = Schedule.OccupantsWeekdayFractions
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.building_occupancy.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.weekend_fractions = Schedule.OccupantsWeekendFractions
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.building_occupancy.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.OccupantsMonthlyMultipliers
+      hpxml.building_occupancy.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+    end
   end
 
-  def self.apply_building_construction(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
+  def self.apply_building_construction(hpxml, cfa, nbeds, infil_volume)
+    cond_crawl_volume = hpxml.inferred_conditioned_crawlspace_volume()
     if hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume.nil? && hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height.nil?
-      hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height = 8.0
+      if not infil_volume.nil?
+        hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height = [infil_volume / cfa, 8.0].min
+      else
+        hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height = 8.0
+      end
       hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height_isdefaulted = true
-      hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume = cfa * hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height
+      hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume = cfa * hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height + cond_crawl_volume
       hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume_isdefaulted = true
     elsif hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume.nil?
-      hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume = cfa * hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height
+      hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume = cfa * hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height + cond_crawl_volume
       hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume_isdefaulted = true
     elsif hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height.nil?
-      hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height = hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume / cfa
+      hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height = (hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume - cond_crawl_volume) / cfa
       hpxml.building_construction.average_ceiling_height_isdefaulted = true
     end
 
@@ -198,39 +284,25 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     end
   end
 
-  def self.apply_infiltration(hpxml)
-    measurements = []
-    infil_volume = nil
-    hpxml.air_infiltration_measurements.each do |measurement|
-      is_ach = ((measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsACH) && !measurement.house_pressure.nil?)
-      is_cfm = ((measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsCFM) && !measurement.house_pressure.nil?)
-      is_nach = (measurement.unit_of_measure == HPXML::UnitsACHNatural)
-      next unless (is_ach || is_cfm || is_nach)
-
-      measurements << measurement
-      next if measurement.infiltration_volume.nil?
-
-      infil_volume = measurement.infiltration_volume
-    end
+  def self.apply_infiltration(hpxml, infil_volume, infil_measurements)
     if infil_volume.nil?
       infil_volume = hpxml.building_construction.conditioned_building_volume
-      measurements.each do |measurement|
+      infil_measurements.each do |measurement|
         measurement.infiltration_volume = infil_volume
         measurement.infiltration_volume_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
-
-    return infil_volume
   end
 
   def self.apply_attics(hpxml)
-    return unless hpxml.has_space_type(HPXML::LocationAtticVented)
+    return unless hpxml.has_location(HPXML::LocationAtticVented)
 
     vented_attics = []
     default_sla = Airflow.get_default_vented_attic_sla()
     default_ach = nil
     hpxml.attics.each do |attic|
       next unless attic.attic_type == HPXML::AtticTypeVented
+
       # check existing sla and ach
       default_sla = attic.vented_attic_sla unless attic.vented_attic_sla.nil?
       default_ach = attic.vented_attic_ach unless attic.vented_attic_ach.nil?
@@ -245,6 +317,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     end
     vented_attics.each do |vented_attic|
       next unless (vented_attic.vented_attic_sla.nil? && vented_attic.vented_attic_ach.nil?)
+
       if not default_ach.nil? # ACH specified
         vented_attic.vented_attic_ach = default_ach
       else # Use SLA
@@ -255,12 +328,13 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
   end
 
   def self.apply_foundations(hpxml)
-    return unless hpxml.has_space_type(HPXML::LocationCrawlspaceVented)
+    return unless hpxml.has_location(HPXML::LocationCrawlspaceVented)
 
     vented_crawls = []
     default_sla = Airflow.get_default_vented_crawl_sla()
     hpxml.foundations.each do |foundation|
       next unless foundation.foundation_type == HPXML::FoundationTypeCrawlspaceVented
+
       # check existing sla
       default_sla = foundation.vented_crawlspace_sla unless foundation.vented_crawlspace_sla.nil?
 
@@ -274,6 +348,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     end
     vented_crawls.each do |vented_crawl|
       next unless vented_crawl.vented_crawlspace_sla.nil?
+
       vented_crawl.vented_crawlspace_sla = default_sla
       vented_crawl.vented_crawlspace_sla_isdefaulted = true
     end
@@ -281,6 +356,14 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
   def self.apply_roofs(hpxml)
     hpxml.roofs.each do |roof|
+      if roof.azimuth.nil?
+        roof.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(roof.orientation)
+        roof.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if roof.orientation.nil?
+        roof.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(roof.azimuth)
+        roof.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if roof.roof_type.nil?
         roof.roof_type = HPXML::RoofTypeAsphaltShingles
         roof.roof_type_isdefaulted = true
@@ -293,6 +376,14 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         roof.radiant_barrier = false
         roof.radiant_barrier_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if roof.radiant_barrier && roof.radiant_barrier_grade.nil?
+        roof.radiant_barrier_grade = 1
+        roof.radiant_barrier_grade_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if roof.roof_color.nil? && roof.solar_absorptance.nil?
+        roof.roof_color = HPXML::ColorMedium
+        roof.roof_color_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if roof.roof_color.nil?
         roof.roof_color = Constructions.get_default_roof_color(roof.roof_type, roof.solar_absorptance)
         roof.roof_color_isdefaulted = true
@@ -300,11 +391,34 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         roof.solar_absorptance = Constructions.get_default_roof_solar_absorptance(roof.roof_type, roof.roof_color)
         roof.solar_absorptance_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if roof.interior_finish_type.nil?
+        if HPXML::conditioned_finished_locations.include? roof.interior_adjacent_to
+          roof.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishGypsumBoard
+        else
+          roof.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        end
+        roof.interior_finish_type_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      next unless roof.interior_finish_thickness.nil?
+
+      if roof.interior_finish_type != HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        roof.interior_finish_thickness = 0.5
+        roof.interior_finish_thickness_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
   end
 
   def self.apply_rim_joists(hpxml)
     hpxml.rim_joists.each do |rim_joist|
+      if rim_joist.azimuth.nil?
+        rim_joist.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(rim_joist.orientation)
+        rim_joist.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if rim_joist.orientation.nil?
+        rim_joist.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(rim_joist.azimuth)
+        rim_joist.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+
       next unless rim_joist.is_exterior
 
       if rim_joist.emittance.nil?
@@ -315,6 +429,10 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         rim_joist.siding = HPXML::SidingTypeWood
         rim_joist.siding_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if rim_joist.color.nil? && rim_joist.solar_absorptance.nil?
+        rim_joist.color = HPXML::ColorMedium
+        rim_joist.color_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if rim_joist.color.nil?
         rim_joist.color = Constructions.get_default_wall_color(rim_joist.solar_absorptance)
         rim_joist.color_isdefaulted = true
@@ -327,32 +445,126 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
   def self.apply_walls(hpxml)
     hpxml.walls.each do |wall|
-      next unless wall.is_exterior
+      if wall.azimuth.nil?
+        wall.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(wall.orientation)
+        wall.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if wall.orientation.nil?
+        wall.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(wall.azimuth)
+        wall.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
 
-      if wall.emittance.nil?
-        wall.emittance = 0.90
-        wall.emittance_isdefaulted = true
+      if wall.is_exterior
+        if wall.emittance.nil?
+          wall.emittance = 0.90
+          wall.emittance_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+        if wall.siding.nil?
+          wall.siding = HPXML::SidingTypeWood
+          wall.siding_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+        if wall.color.nil? && wall.solar_absorptance.nil?
+          wall.color = HPXML::ColorMedium
+          wall.color_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+        if wall.color.nil?
+          wall.color = Constructions.get_default_wall_color(wall.solar_absorptance)
+          wall.color_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif wall.solar_absorptance.nil?
+          wall.solar_absorptance = Constructions.get_default_wall_solar_absorptance(wall.color)
+          wall.solar_absorptance_isdefaulted = true
+        end
       end
-      if wall.siding.nil?
-        wall.siding = HPXML::SidingTypeWood
-        wall.siding_isdefaulted = true
+      if wall.interior_finish_type.nil?
+        if HPXML::conditioned_finished_locations.include? wall.interior_adjacent_to
+          wall.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishGypsumBoard
+        else
+          wall.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        end
+        wall.interior_finish_type_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if wall.color.nil?
-        wall.color = Constructions.get_default_wall_color(wall.solar_absorptance)
-        wall.color_isdefaulted = true
-      elsif wall.solar_absorptance.nil?
-        wall.solar_absorptance = Constructions.get_default_wall_solar_absorptance(wall.color)
-        wall.solar_absorptance_isdefaulted = true
+      next unless wall.interior_finish_thickness.nil?
+
+      if wall.interior_finish_type != HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        wall.interior_finish_thickness = 0.5
+        wall.interior_finish_thickness_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
   end
 
   def self.apply_foundation_walls(hpxml)
     hpxml.foundation_walls.each do |foundation_wall|
+      if foundation_wall.type.nil?
+        foundation_wall.type = HPXML::FoundationWallTypeSolidConcrete
+        foundation_wall.type_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.azimuth.nil?
+        foundation_wall.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(foundation_wall.orientation)
+        foundation_wall.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.orientation.nil?
+        foundation_wall.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(foundation_wall.azimuth)
+        foundation_wall.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if foundation_wall.thickness.nil?
         foundation_wall.thickness = 8.0
         foundation_wall.thickness_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if foundation_wall.area.nil?
+        foundation_wall.area = foundation_wall.length * foundation_wall.height
+        foundation_wall.area_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.interior_finish_type.nil?
+        if HPXML::conditioned_finished_locations.include? foundation_wall.interior_adjacent_to
+          foundation_wall.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishGypsumBoard
+        else
+          foundation_wall.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        end
+        foundation_wall.interior_finish_type_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_top.nil?
+        foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_top = 0.0
+        foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_top_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_bottom.nil?
+        foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_bottom = foundation_wall.height
+        foundation_wall.insulation_interior_distance_to_bottom_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_top.nil?
+        foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_top = 0.0
+        foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_top_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_bottom.nil?
+        foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_bottom = foundation_wall.height
+        foundation_wall.insulation_exterior_distance_to_bottom_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      next unless foundation_wall.interior_finish_thickness.nil?
+
+      if foundation_wall.interior_finish_type != HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        foundation_wall.interior_finish_thickness = 0.5
+        foundation_wall.interior_finish_thickness_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.apply_frame_floors(hpxml)
+    hpxml.frame_floors.each do |frame_floor|
+      if frame_floor.interior_finish_type.nil?
+        if frame_floor.is_floor
+          frame_floor.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        elsif HPXML::conditioned_finished_locations.include? frame_floor.interior_adjacent_to
+          frame_floor.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishGypsumBoard
+        else
+          frame_floor.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        end
+        frame_floor.interior_finish_type_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      next unless frame_floor.interior_finish_thickness.nil?
+
+      if frame_floor.interior_finish_type != HPXML::InteriorFinishNone
+        frame_floor.interior_finish_thickness = 0.5
+        frame_floor.interior_finish_thickness_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -363,8 +575,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         slab.thickness = crawl_slab ? 0.0 : 4.0
         slab.thickness_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      conditioned_slab = [HPXML::LocationLivingSpace,
-                          HPXML::LocationBasementConditioned].include?(slab.interior_adjacent_to)
+      conditioned_slab = HPXML::conditioned_finished_locations.include?(slab.interior_adjacent_to)
       if slab.carpet_r_value.nil?
         slab.carpet_r_value = conditioned_slab ? 2.0 : 0.0
         slab.carpet_r_value_isdefaulted = true
@@ -379,6 +590,14 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
   def self.apply_windows(hpxml)
     default_shade_summer, default_shade_winter = Constructions.get_default_interior_shading_factors()
     hpxml.windows.each do |window|
+      if window.azimuth.nil?
+        window.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(window.orientation)
+        window.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if window.orientation.nil?
+        window.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(window.azimuth)
+        window.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if window.interior_shading_factor_summer.nil?
         window.interior_shading_factor_summer = default_shade_summer
         window.interior_shading_factor_summer_isdefaulted = true
@@ -399,11 +618,50 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         window.fraction_operable = Airflow.get_default_fraction_of_windows_operable()
         window.fraction_operable_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      next unless window.ufactor.nil? || window.shgc.nil?
+
+      # Frame/Glass provided instead, fill in more defaults as needed
+      if window.thermal_break.nil? && [HPXML::WindowFrameTypeAluminum, HPXML::WindowFrameTypeMetal].include?(window.frame_type)
+        if window.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersSinglePane
+          window.thermal_break = false
+          window.thermal_break_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif window.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersDoublePane
+          window.thermal_break = true
+          window.thermal_break_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+      end
+      if window.gas_fill.nil?
+        if window.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersDoublePane
+          window.gas_fill = HPXML::WindowGasAir
+          window.gas_fill_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif window.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersTriplePane
+          window.gas_fill = HPXML::WindowGasArgon
+          window.gas_fill_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+      end
+      # Now lookup U/SHGC based on properties
+      ufactor, shgc = Constructions.get_default_window_skylight_ufactor_shgc(window, 'window')
+      if window.ufactor.nil?
+        window.ufactor = ufactor
+        window.ufactor_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if window.shgc.nil?
+        window.shgc = shgc
+        window.shgc_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
   end
 
   def self.apply_skylights(hpxml)
     hpxml.skylights.each do |skylight|
+      if skylight.azimuth.nil?
+        skylight.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(skylight.orientation)
+        skylight.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if skylight.orientation.nil?
+        skylight.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(skylight.azimuth)
+        skylight.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if skylight.interior_shading_factor_summer.nil?
         skylight.interior_shading_factor_summer = 1.0
         skylight.interior_shading_factor_summer_isdefaulted = true
@@ -420,11 +678,164 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         skylight.exterior_shading_factor_winter = 1.0
         skylight.exterior_shading_factor_winter_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      next unless skylight.ufactor.nil? || skylight.shgc.nil?
+
+      # Frame/Glass provided instead, fill in more defaults as needed
+      if skylight.thermal_break.nil? && [HPXML::WindowFrameTypeAluminum, HPXML::WindowFrameTypeMetal].include?(skylight.frame_type)
+        if skylight.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersSinglePane
+          skylight.thermal_break = false
+          skylight.thermal_break_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif skylight.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersDoublePane
+          skylight.thermal_break = true
+          skylight.thermal_break_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+      end
+      if skylight.gas_fill.nil?
+        if skylight.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersDoublePane
+          skylight.gas_fill = HPXML::WindowGasAir
+          skylight.gas_fill_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif skylight.glass_layers == HPXML::WindowLayersTriplePane
+          skylight.gas_fill = HPXML::WindowGasArgon
+          skylight.gas_fill_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+      end
+      # Now lookup U/SHGC based on properties
+      ufactor, shgc = Constructions.get_default_window_skylight_ufactor_shgc(skylight, 'skylight')
+      if skylight.ufactor.nil?
+        skylight.ufactor = ufactor
+        skylight.ufactor_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if skylight.shgc.nil?
+        skylight.shgc = shgc
+        skylight.shgc_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.apply_doors(hpxml)
+    hpxml.doors.each do |door|
+      if door.azimuth.nil?
+        door.azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(door.orientation)
+        door.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if door.orientation.nil?
+        door.orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(door.azimuth)
+        door.orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+
+      next unless door.azimuth.nil?
+
+      if (not door.wall.nil?) && (not door.wall.azimuth.nil?)
+        door.azimuth = door.wall.azimuth
+      else
+        primary_azimuth = get_default_azimuths(hpxml)[0]
+        door.azimuth = primary_azimuth
+        door.azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.apply_partition_wall_mass(hpxml)
+    if hpxml.partition_wall_mass.area_fraction.nil?
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.area_fraction = 1.0
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.area_fraction_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_type.nil?
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_type = HPXML::InteriorFinishGypsumBoard
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_type_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_thickness.nil?
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_thickness = 0.5
+      hpxml.partition_wall_mass.interior_finish_thickness_isdefaulted = true
     end
   end
 
-  def self.apply_hvac(hpxml, weather)
-    HVAC.apply_shared_systems(hpxml)
+  def self.apply_furniture_mass(hpxml)
+    if hpxml.furniture_mass.area_fraction.nil?
+      hpxml.furniture_mass.area_fraction = 0.4
+      hpxml.furniture_mass.area_fraction_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.furniture_mass.type.nil?
+      hpxml.furniture_mass.type = HPXML::FurnitureMassTypeLightWeight
+      hpxml.furniture_mass.type_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.apply_hvac(hpxml, weather, convert_shared_systems)
+    if convert_shared_systems
+      HVAC.apply_shared_systems(hpxml)
+    end
+
+    # HVAC efficiencies (based on HEScore assumption)
+    hpxml.heating_systems.each do |heating_system|
+      year_installed = heating_system.year_installed
+      heating_system_type = heating_system.heating_system_type
+      heating_system_fuel = heating_system.heating_system_fuel
+
+      if [HPXML::HVACTypeBoiler, HPXML::HVACTypeFurnace, HPXML::HVACTypeWallFurnace, HPXML::HVACTypeFloorFurnace].include? heating_system_type
+        next unless heating_system.heating_efficiency_afue.nil?
+
+        if heating_system_fuel == HPXML::FuelTypeElectricity
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_afue = 0.98
+        else
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_afue = HVAC.get_default_hvac_efficiency_by_year_installed(year_installed, heating_system_type, heating_system_fuel, HPXML::UnitsAFUE)
+        end
+        heating_system.heating_efficiency_afue_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeElectricResistance, HPXML::HVACTypePTACHeating].include? heating_system_type
+        next unless heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent.nil?
+
+        heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent = 1.0
+        heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeStove, HPXML::HVACTypeFireplace, HPXML::HVACTypePortableHeater, HPXML::HVACTypeFixedHeater].include? heating_system_type
+        next unless heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent.nil?
+
+        if heating_system_fuel == HPXML::FuelTypeElectricity
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent = 1.0
+        elsif heating_system_fuel == HPXML::FuelTypeWoodCord
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent = 0.60  # HEScore assumption
+        elsif heating_system_fuel == HPXML::FuelTypeWoodPellets
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent = 0.78  # HEScore assumption
+        else
+          heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent = 0.81  # https://www.lopistoves.com/products/ and https://www.kozyheat.com/products/
+        end
+        heating_system.heating_efficiency_percent_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    hpxml.cooling_systems.each do |cooling_system|
+      year_installed = cooling_system.year_installed
+      cooling_system_type = cooling_system.cooling_system_type
+      cooling_system_fuel = HPXML::FuelTypeElectricity
+
+      if cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypeCentralAirConditioner
+        next unless cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_seer.nil?
+
+        cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_seer = HVAC.get_default_hvac_efficiency_by_year_installed(year_installed, cooling_system_type, cooling_system_fuel, HPXML::UnitsSEER)
+        cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_seer_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner].include? cooling_system_type
+        next unless cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_eer.nil? && cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_ceer.nil?
+
+        cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_eer = HVAC.get_default_hvac_efficiency_by_year_installed(year_installed, cooling_system_type, cooling_system_fuel, HPXML::UnitsEER)
+        cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_eer_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    hpxml.heat_pumps.each do |heat_pump|
+      year_installed = heat_pump.year_installed
+      heat_pump_type = heat_pump.heat_pump_type
+      heat_pump_fuel = HPXML::FuelTypeElectricity
+
+      next unless [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpAirToAir].include? heat_pump_type
+
+      if heat_pump.cooling_efficiency_seer.nil?
+        heat_pump.cooling_efficiency_seer = HVAC.get_default_hvac_efficiency_by_year_installed(year_installed, heat_pump_type, heat_pump_fuel, HPXML::UnitsSEER)
+        heat_pump.cooling_efficiency_seer_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if heat_pump.heating_efficiency_hspf.nil?
+        heat_pump.heating_efficiency_hspf = HVAC.get_default_hvac_efficiency_by_year_installed(year_installed, heat_pump_type, heat_pump_fuel, HPXML::UnitsHSPF)
+        heat_pump.heating_efficiency_hspf_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
 
     # Default AC/HP compressor type
     hpxml.cooling_systems.each do |cooling_system|
@@ -443,6 +854,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     # Default boiler EAE
     hpxml.heating_systems.each do |heating_system|
       next unless heating_system.electric_auxiliary_energy.nil?
+
       heating_system.electric_auxiliary_energy_isdefaulted = true
       heating_system.electric_auxiliary_energy = HVAC.get_default_boiler_eae(heating_system)
       heating_system.shared_loop_watts = nil
@@ -463,7 +875,8 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           cooling_system.cooling_shr = 0.78
         end
         cooling_system.cooling_shr_isdefaulted = true
-      elsif cooling_system.cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner
+      elsif cooling_system.cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner ||
+            cooling_system.cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypePTAC
         cooling_system.cooling_shr = 0.65
         cooling_system.cooling_shr_isdefaulted = true
       elsif cooling_system.cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypeMiniSplitAirConditioner
@@ -489,6 +902,9 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       elsif heat_pump.heat_pump_type == HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpGroundToAir
         heat_pump.cooling_shr = 0.732
         heat_pump.cooling_shr_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif heat_pump.heat_pump_type == HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpPTHP
+        heat_pump.cooling_shr = 0.65
+        heat_pump.cooling_shr_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
 
@@ -509,7 +925,6 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
       cooling_system.charge_defect_ratio = 0.0
       cooling_system.charge_defect_ratio_isdefaulted = true
-      cooling_system.charge_not_tested = nil
     end
     hpxml.heat_pumps.each do |heat_pump|
       next unless [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpAirToAir,
@@ -519,7 +934,6 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
       heat_pump.charge_defect_ratio = 0.0
       heat_pump.charge_defect_ratio_isdefaulted = true
-      heat_pump.charge_not_tested = nil
     end
 
     # Airflow defect ratio
@@ -529,38 +943,30 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
       heating_system.airflow_defect_ratio = 0.0
       heating_system.airflow_defect_ratio_isdefaulted = true
-      heating_system.airflow_not_tested = nil
     end
     hpxml.cooling_systems.each do |cooling_system|
       next unless [HPXML::HVACTypeCentralAirConditioner,
                    HPXML::HVACTypeMiniSplitAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
-      if cooling_system.cooling_system_type == HPXML::HVACTypeMiniSplitAirConditioner && cooling_system.distribution_system_idref.nil?
-        next # Ducted mini-splits only
-      end
       next unless cooling_system.airflow_defect_ratio.nil?
 
       cooling_system.airflow_defect_ratio = 0.0
       cooling_system.airflow_defect_ratio_isdefaulted = true
-      cooling_system.airflow_not_tested = nil
     end
     hpxml.heat_pumps.each do |heat_pump|
       next unless [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpAirToAir,
                    HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpGroundToAir,
                    HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpMiniSplit].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
-      if heat_pump.heat_pump_type == HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpMiniSplit && heat_pump.distribution_system_idref.nil?
-        next # Ducted mini-splits only
-      end
       next unless heat_pump.airflow_defect_ratio.nil?
 
       heat_pump.airflow_defect_ratio = 0.0
       heat_pump.airflow_defect_ratio_isdefaulted = true
-      heat_pump.airflow_not_tested = nil
     end
 
     # Fan power
     psc_watts_per_cfm = 0.5 # W/cfm, PSC fan
     ecm_watts_per_cfm = 0.375 # W/cfm, ECM fan
-    mini_split_ducted_watts_per_cfm = 0.18 # W/cfm, ducted mini split
+    mini_split_ductless_watts_per_cfm = 0.07 # W/cfm
+    mini_split_ducted_watts_per_cfm = 0.18 # W/cfm
     hpxml.heating_systems.each do |heating_system|
       if [HPXML::HVACTypeFurnace].include? heating_system.heating_system_type
         if heating_system.fan_watts_per_cfm.nil?
@@ -572,7 +978,6 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
             heating_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = psc_watts_per_cfm
           end
           heating_system.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-          heating_system.fan_power_not_tested = nil
         end
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeStove].include? heating_system.heating_system_type
         if heating_system.fan_watts.nil?
@@ -596,7 +1001,6 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       if (not cooling_system.attached_heating_system.nil?) && (not cooling_system.attached_heating_system.fan_watts_per_cfm.nil?)
         cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = cooling_system.attached_heating_system.fan_watts_per_cfm
         cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        cooling_system.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeCentralAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
         if cooling_system.cooling_efficiency_seer > 13.5 # HEScore assumption
           cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = ecm_watts_per_cfm
@@ -604,13 +1008,13 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = psc_watts_per_cfm
         end
         cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        cooling_system.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeMiniSplitAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
         if not cooling_system.distribution_system.nil?
           cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = mini_split_ducted_watts_per_cfm
+        else
+          cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm = mini_split_ductless_watts_per_cfm
         end
         cooling_system.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        cooling_system.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeEvaporativeCooler].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
         # Depends on airflow rate, so defaulted in hvac_sizing.rb
       end
@@ -625,7 +1029,6 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm = psc_watts_per_cfm
         end
         heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        heat_pump.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpGroundToAir].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
         if heat_pump.heating_efficiency_cop > 8.75 / 3.2 # HEScore assumption
           heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm = ecm_watts_per_cfm
@@ -633,37 +1036,37 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm = psc_watts_per_cfm
         end
         heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        heat_pump.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpMiniSplit].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
         if not heat_pump.distribution_system.nil?
           heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm = mini_split_ducted_watts_per_cfm
+        else
+          heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm = mini_split_ductless_watts_per_cfm
         end
         heat_pump.fan_watts_per_cfm_isdefaulted = true
-        heat_pump.fan_power_not_tested = nil
       end
     end
 
     # Detailed HVAC performance
     hpxml.cooling_systems.each do |cooling_system|
       clg_ap = cooling_system.additional_properties
-      if [HPXML::HVACTypeCentralAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
+      if [HPXML::HVACTypeCentralAirConditioner,
+          HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner,
+          HPXML::HVACTypePTAC].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
+        if [HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner,
+            HPXML::HVACTypePTAC].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
+          use_eer = true
+        else
+          use_eer = false
+        end
         # Note: We use HP cooling curve so that a central AC behaves the same.
         HVAC.set_num_speeds(cooling_system)
-        HVAC.set_fan_power_rated(cooling_system)
+        HVAC.set_fan_power_rated(cooling_system) unless use_eer
         HVAC.set_crankcase_assumptions(cooling_system)
-
-        HVAC.set_cool_c_d(cooling_system, clg_ap.num_speeds)
-        HVAC.set_cool_curves_ashp(cooling_system)
-        HVAC.set_cool_rated_cfm_per_ton(cooling_system)
-        HVAC.set_cool_rated_shrs_gross(cooling_system)
-        HVAC.set_cool_rated_eirs(cooling_system)
-
-      elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeRoomAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
-        HVAC.set_num_speeds(cooling_system)
         HVAC.set_cool_c_d(cooling_system, clg_ap.num_speeds)
-        HVAC.set_cool_curves_room_ac(cooling_system)
+        HVAC.set_cool_curves_central_air_source(cooling_system, use_eer)
         HVAC.set_cool_rated_cfm_per_ton(cooling_system)
         HVAC.set_cool_rated_shrs_gross(cooling_system)
+        HVAC.set_cool_rated_eirs(cooling_system) unless use_eer
 
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeMiniSplitAirConditioner].include? cooling_system.cooling_system_type
         num_speeds = 10
@@ -691,26 +1094,33 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
                    HPXML::HVACTypeWallFurnace,
                    HPXML::HVACTypeFloorFurnace,
                    HPXML::HVACTypeFireplace].include? heating_system.heating_system_type
+
       HVAC.set_heat_rated_cfm_per_ton(heating_system)
     end
     hpxml.heat_pumps.each do |heat_pump|
       hp_ap = heat_pump.additional_properties
-      if [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpAirToAir].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
+      if [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpAirToAir,
+          HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpPTHP].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
+        if heat_pump.heat_pump_type == HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpPTHP
+          use_eer_cop = true
+        else
+          use_eer_cop = false
+        end
         HVAC.set_num_speeds(heat_pump)
-        HVAC.set_fan_power_rated(heat_pump)
+        HVAC.set_fan_power_rated(heat_pump) unless use_eer_cop
         HVAC.set_crankcase_assumptions(heat_pump)
         HVAC.set_heat_pump_temperatures(heat_pump)
 
         HVAC.set_cool_c_d(heat_pump, hp_ap.num_speeds)
-        HVAC.set_cool_curves_ashp(heat_pump)
+        HVAC.set_cool_curves_central_air_source(heat_pump, use_eer_cop)
         HVAC.set_cool_rated_cfm_per_ton(heat_pump)
         HVAC.set_cool_rated_shrs_gross(heat_pump)
-        HVAC.set_cool_rated_eirs(heat_pump)
+        HVAC.set_cool_rated_eirs(heat_pump) unless use_eer_cop
 
         HVAC.set_heat_c_d(heat_pump, hp_ap.num_speeds)
-        HVAC.set_ashp_htg_curves(heat_pump)
+        HVAC.set_heat_curves_central_air_source(heat_pump, use_eer_cop)
         HVAC.set_heat_rated_cfm_per_ton(heat_pump)
-        HVAC.set_heat_rated_eirs(heat_pump)
+        HVAC.set_heat_rated_eirs(heat_pump) unless use_eer_cop
 
       elsif [HPXML::HVACTypeHeatPumpMiniSplit].include? heat_pump.heat_pump_type
         num_speeds = 10
@@ -744,32 +1154,57 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
   def self.apply_hvac_control(hpxml)
     hpxml.hvac_controls.each do |hvac_control|
-      if not hvac_control.heating_setback_temp.nil?
-        if hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour.nil?
-          hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour = 23 # 11 pm
-          hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour_isdefaulted = true
-        end
+      if hvac_control.heating_setpoint_temp.nil? && hvac_control.weekday_heating_setpoints.nil?
+        # No heating setpoints; set a default heating setpoint for, e.g., natural ventilation
+        htg_sp, htg_setback_sp, htg_setback_hrs_per_week, htg_setback_start_hr = HVAC.get_default_heating_setpoint(HPXML::HVACControlTypeManual)
+        hvac_control.heating_setpoint_temp = htg_sp
+        hvac_control.heating_setpoint_temp_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+
+      if hvac_control.cooling_setpoint_temp.nil? && hvac_control.weekday_cooling_setpoints.nil?
+        # No cooling setpoints; set a default cooling setpoint for, e.g., natural ventilation
+        clg_sp, clg_setup_sp, clg_setup_hrs_per_week, clg_setup_start_hr = HVAC.get_default_cooling_setpoint(HPXML::HVACControlTypeManual)
+        hvac_control.cooling_setpoint_temp = clg_sp
+        hvac_control.cooling_setpoint_temp_isdefaulted = true
       end
 
-      next unless not hvac_control.cooling_setup_temp.nil?
+      if hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour.nil? && (not hvac_control.heating_setback_temp.nil?)
+        hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour = 23 # 11 pm
+        hvac_control.heating_setback_start_hour_isdefaulted = true
+      end
 
-      if hvac_control.cooling_setup_start_hour.nil?
+      if hvac_control.cooling_setup_start_hour.nil? && (not hvac_control.cooling_setup_temp.nil?)
         hvac_control.cooling_setup_start_hour = 9 # 9 am
         hvac_control.cooling_setup_start_hour_isdefaulted = true
       end
+
+      if hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_month.nil? || hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_day.nil? ||
+         hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_month.nil? || hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_day.nil?
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_month = 1
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_day = 1
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_month = 12
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_day = 31
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_month_isdefaulted = true
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_begin_day_isdefaulted = true
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_month_isdefaulted = true
+        hvac_control.seasons_heating_end_day_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+
+      next unless hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_month.nil? || hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_day.nil? ||
+                  hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_month.nil? || hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_day.nil?
+
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_month = 1
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_day = 1
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_month = 12
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_day = 31
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_month_isdefaulted = true
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_begin_day_isdefaulted = true
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_month_isdefaulted = true
+      hvac_control.seasons_cooling_end_day_isdefaulted = true
     end
   end
 
   def self.apply_hvac_distribution(hpxml, ncfl, ncfl_ag)
-    # Check either all ducts have location and surface area or all ducts have no location and surface area
-    n_ducts = 0
-    n_ducts_to_be_defaulted = 0
-    hpxml.hvac_distributions.each do |hvac_distribution|
-      n_ducts += hvac_distribution.ducts.size
-      n_ducts_to_be_defaulted += hvac_distribution.ducts.select { |duct| duct.duct_surface_area.nil? && duct.duct_location.nil? }.size
-    end
-    fail if n_ducts_to_be_defaulted > 0 && (n_ducts != n_ducts_to_be_defaulted) # EPvalidator.xml should prevent this
-
     hpxml.hvac_distributions.each do |hvac_distribution|
       next unless [HPXML::HVACDistributionTypeAir].include? hvac_distribution.distribution_system_type
 
@@ -779,41 +1214,75 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         hvac_distribution.number_of_return_registers_isdefaulted = true
       end
 
+      next if hvac_distribution.ducts.empty?
+
       # Default ducts
+
       cfa_served = hvac_distribution.conditioned_floor_area_served
       n_returns = hvac_distribution.number_of_return_registers
-
       supply_ducts = hvac_distribution.ducts.select { |duct| duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeSupply }
       return_ducts = hvac_distribution.ducts.select { |duct| duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeReturn }
-      [supply_ducts, return_ducts].each do |ducts|
-        ducts.each do |duct|
-          next unless duct.duct_surface_area.nil?
-
-          primary_duct_area, secondary_duct_area = HVAC.get_default_duct_surface_area(duct.duct_type, ncfl_ag, cfa_served, n_returns).map { |area| area / ducts.size }
-          primary_duct_location, secondary_duct_location = HVAC.get_default_duct_locations(hpxml)
-          if primary_duct_location.nil? # If a home doesn't have any non-living spaces (outside living space), place all ducts in living space.
-            duct.duct_surface_area = primary_duct_area + secondary_duct_area
-            duct.duct_location = secondary_duct_location
-          else
-            duct.duct_surface_area = primary_duct_area
-            duct.duct_location = primary_duct_location
-            if secondary_duct_area > 0
-              hvac_distribution.ducts.add(duct_type: duct.duct_type,
-                                          duct_insulation_r_value: duct.duct_insulation_r_value,
-                                          duct_location: secondary_duct_location,
-                                          duct_location_isdefaulted: true,
-                                          duct_surface_area: secondary_duct_area,
-                                          duct_surface_area_isdefaulted: true)
+
+      if hvac_distribution.ducts[0].duct_location.nil?
+        # Default both duct location(s) and duct surface area(s)
+        [supply_ducts, return_ducts].each do |ducts|
+          ducts.each do |duct|
+            primary_duct_area, secondary_duct_area = HVAC.get_default_duct_surface_area(duct.duct_type, ncfl_ag, cfa_served, n_returns).map { |area| area / ducts.size }
+            primary_duct_location, secondary_duct_location = HVAC.get_default_duct_locations(hpxml)
+            if primary_duct_location.nil? # If a home doesn't have any non-living spaces (outside living space), place all ducts in living space.
+              duct.duct_surface_area = primary_duct_area + secondary_duct_area
+              duct.duct_surface_area_isdefaulted = true
+              duct.duct_location = secondary_duct_location
+              duct.duct_location_isdefaulted = true
+            else
+              duct.duct_surface_area = primary_duct_area
+              duct.duct_surface_area_isdefaulted = true
+              duct.duct_location = primary_duct_location
+              duct.duct_location_isdefaulted = true
+
+              if secondary_duct_area > 0
+                hvac_distribution.ducts.add(duct_type: duct.duct_type,
+                                            duct_insulation_r_value: duct.duct_insulation_r_value,
+                                            duct_location: secondary_duct_location,
+                                            duct_location_isdefaulted: true,
+                                            duct_surface_area: secondary_duct_area,
+                                            duct_surface_area_isdefaulted: true)
+              end
             end
           end
-          duct.duct_surface_area_isdefaulted = true
-          duct.duct_location_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+
+      elsif hvac_distribution.ducts[0].duct_surface_area.nil?
+        # Default duct surface area(s)
+        [supply_ducts, return_ducts].each do |ducts|
+          ducts.each do |duct|
+            total_duct_area = HVAC.get_default_duct_surface_area(duct.duct_type, ncfl_ag, cfa_served, n_returns).sum()
+            duct.duct_surface_area = total_duct_area * duct.duct_fraction_area
+            duct.duct_surface_area_isdefaulted = true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Calculate FractionDuctArea from DuctSurfaceArea
+      supply_ducts = hvac_distribution.ducts.select { |duct| duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeSupply }
+      return_ducts = hvac_distribution.ducts.select { |duct| duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeReturn }
+      total_supply_area = supply_ducts.map { |d| d.duct_surface_area }.sum
+      total_return_area = return_ducts.map { |d| d.duct_surface_area }.sum
+      (supply_ducts + return_ducts).each do |duct|
+        next unless duct.duct_fraction_area.nil?
+
+        if duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeSupply
+          duct.duct_fraction_area = (duct.duct_surface_area / total_supply_area).round(3)
+          duct.duct_fraction_area_isdefaulted = true
+        elsif duct.duct_type == HPXML::DuctTypeReturn
+          duct.duct_fraction_area = (duct.duct_surface_area / total_return_area).round(3)
+          duct.duct_fraction_area_isdefaulted = true
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  def self.apply_ventilation_fans(hpxml)
+  def self.apply_ventilation_fans(hpxml, infil_measurements, weather, cfa, nbeds)
     # Default mech vent systems
     hpxml.ventilation_fans.each do |vent_fan|
       next unless vent_fan.used_for_whole_building_ventilation
@@ -826,6 +1295,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.hours_in_operation = (vent_fan.fan_type == HPXML::MechVentTypeCFIS) ? 8.0 : 24.0
         vent_fan.hours_in_operation_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.tested_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.calculated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.delivered_ventilation.nil?
+        if hpxml.ventilation_fans.select { |vf| vf.used_for_whole_building_ventilation }.size > 1
+          fail 'Defaulting flow rates for multiple mechanical ventilation systems is currently not supported.'
+        end
+
+        vent_fan.rated_flow_rate = Airflow.get_default_mech_vent_flow_rate(hpxml, vent_fan, infil_measurements, weather, 1.0, cfa, nbeds).round(1)
+        vent_fan.rated_flow_rate_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if vent_fan.fan_power.nil?
+        vent_fan.fan_power = (vent_fan.flow_rate * Airflow.get_default_mech_vent_fan_power(vent_fan)).round(1)
+        vent_fan.fan_power_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
 
     # Default kitchen fan
@@ -836,7 +1317,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.quantity = 1
         vent_fan.quantity_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil?
+      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.tested_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.calculated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.delivered_ventilation.nil?
         vent_fan.rated_flow_rate = 100.0 # cfm, per BA HSP
         vent_fan.rated_flow_rate_isdefaulted = true
       end
@@ -845,7 +1326,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.hours_in_operation_isdefaulted = true
       end
       if vent_fan.fan_power.nil?
-        vent_fan.fan_power = 0.3 * vent_fan.rated_flow_rate # W, per BA HSP
+        vent_fan.fan_power = 0.3 * vent_fan.flow_rate # W, per BA HSP
         vent_fan.fan_power_isdefaulted = true
       end
       if vent_fan.start_hour.nil?
@@ -862,7 +1343,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.quantity = hpxml.building_construction.number_of_bathrooms
         vent_fan.quantity_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil?
+      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.tested_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.calculated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.delivered_ventilation.nil?
         vent_fan.rated_flow_rate = 50.0 # cfm, per BA HSP
         vent_fan.rated_flow_rate_isdefaulted = true
       end
@@ -871,7 +1352,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.hours_in_operation_isdefaulted = true
       end
       if vent_fan.fan_power.nil?
-        vent_fan.fan_power = 0.3 * vent_fan.rated_flow_rate # W, per BA HSP
+        vent_fan.fan_power = 0.3 * vent_fan.flow_rate # W, per BA HSP
         vent_fan.fan_power_isdefaulted = true
       end
       if vent_fan.start_hour.nil?
@@ -879,6 +1360,20 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         vent_fan.start_hour_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
+
+    # Default whole house fan
+    hpxml.ventilation_fans.each do |vent_fan|
+      next unless vent_fan.used_for_seasonal_cooling_load_reduction
+
+      if vent_fan.rated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.tested_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.calculated_flow_rate.nil? && vent_fan.delivered_ventilation.nil?
+        vent_fan.rated_flow_rate = cfa * 2.0
+        vent_fan.rated_flow_rate_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if vent_fan.fan_power.nil?
+        vent_fan.fan_power = 0.1 * vent_fan.flow_rate # W
+        vent_fan.fan_power_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   def self.apply_water_heaters(hpxml, nbeds, eri_version)
@@ -913,6 +1408,10 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           water_heating_system.tank_volume = Waterheater.get_default_tank_volume(water_heating_system.fuel_type, nbeds, hpxml.building_construction.number_of_bathrooms)
           water_heating_system.tank_volume_isdefaulted = true
         end
+        if water_heating_system.energy_factor.nil? && water_heating_system.uniform_energy_factor.nil?
+          water_heating_system.energy_factor = Waterheater.get_default_water_heater_efficiency_by_year_installed(water_heating_system.year_installed, water_heating_system.fuel_type)
+          water_heating_system.energy_factor_isdefaulted = true
+        end
         if water_heating_system.recovery_efficiency.nil?
           water_heating_system.recovery_efficiency = Waterheater.get_default_recovery_efficiency(water_heating_system)
           water_heating_system.recovery_efficiency_isdefaulted = true
@@ -922,6 +1421,14 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         water_heating_system.location = Waterheater.get_default_location(hpxml, hpxml.climate_and_risk_zones.iecc_zone)
         water_heating_system.location_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      next unless water_heating_system.usage_bin.nil? && (not water_heating_system.uniform_energy_factor.nil?) # FHR & UsageBin only applies to UEF
+
+      if not water_heating_system.first_hour_rating.nil?
+        water_heating_system.usage_bin = Waterheater.get_usage_bin_from_first_hour_rating(water_heating_system.first_hour_rating)
+      else
+        water_heating_system.usage_bin = HPXML::WaterHeaterUsageBinMedium
+      end
+      water_heating_system.usage_bin_isdefaulted = true
     end
   end
 
@@ -970,17 +1477,32 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_usage_multiplier = 1.0
       hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
     end
+    if hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekday_fractions = Schedule.FixturesWeekdayFractions
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekend_fractions = Schedule.FixturesWeekendFractions
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.FixturesMonthlyMultipliers
+      hpxml.water_heating.water_fixtures_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+    end
   end
 
   def self.apply_solar_thermal_systems(hpxml)
-    return if hpxml.solar_thermal_systems.size == 0
-
-    solar_thermal_system = hpxml.solar_thermal_systems[0]
-    collector_area = solar_thermal_system.collector_area
-
-    if not collector_area.nil? # Detailed solar water heater
-      if solar_thermal_system.storage_volume.nil?
-        solar_thermal_system.storage_volume = Waterheater.calc_default_solar_thermal_system_storage_volume(collector_area)
+    hpxml.solar_thermal_systems.each do |solar_thermal_system|
+      if solar_thermal_system.collector_azimuth.nil?
+        solar_thermal_system.collector_azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(solar_thermal_system.collector_orientation)
+        solar_thermal_system.collector_azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if solar_thermal_system.collector_orientation.nil?
+        solar_thermal_system.collector_orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(solar_thermal_system.collector_azimuth)
+        solar_thermal_system.collector_orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if solar_thermal_system.storage_volume.nil? && (not solar_thermal_system.collector_area.nil?) # Detailed solar water heater
+        solar_thermal_system.storage_volume = Waterheater.calc_default_solar_thermal_system_storage_volume(solar_thermal_system.collector_area)
         solar_thermal_system.storage_volume_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
@@ -988,6 +1510,14 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
 
   def self.apply_pv_systems(hpxml)
     hpxml.pv_systems.each do |pv_system|
+      if pv_system.array_azimuth.nil?
+        pv_system.array_azimuth = get_azimuth_from_orientation(pv_system.array_orientation)
+        pv_system.array_azimuth_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if pv_system.array_orientation.nil?
+        pv_system.array_orientation = get_orientation_from_azimuth(pv_system.array_azimuth)
+        pv_system.array_orientation_isdefaulted = true
+      end
       if pv_system.is_shared_system.nil?
         pv_system.is_shared_system = false
         pv_system.is_shared_system_isdefaulted = true
@@ -1024,6 +1554,40 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     end
   end
 
+  def self.apply_batteries(hpxml)
+    default_values = Battery.get_battery_default_values()
+    hpxml.batteries.each do |battery|
+      if battery.location.nil?
+        battery.location = default_values[:location]
+        battery.location_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if battery.lifetime_model.nil?
+        battery.lifetime_model = default_values[:lifetime_model]
+        battery.lifetime_model_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if battery.nominal_voltage.nil?
+        battery.nominal_voltage = default_values[:nominal_voltage] # V
+        battery.nominal_voltage_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if battery.rated_power_output.nil? && battery.nominal_capacity_kwh.nil? && battery.nominal_capacity_ah.nil?
+        battery.rated_power_output = default_values[:rated_power_output] # W
+        battery.rated_power_output_isdefaulted = true
+        battery.nominal_capacity_kwh = default_values[:nominal_capacity_kwh] # kWh
+        battery.nominal_capacity_kwh_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif battery.rated_power_output.nil?
+        nominal_capacity_kwh = battery.nominal_capacity_kwh
+        if nominal_capacity_kwh.nil?
+          nominal_capacity_kwh = Battery.get_kWh_from_Ah(battery.nominal_capacity_ah, battery.nominal_voltage)
+        end
+        battery.rated_power_output = UnitConversions.convert(nominal_capacity_kwh, 'kWh', 'Wh') * 0.5 # W
+        battery.rated_power_output_isdefaulted = true
+      elsif battery.nominal_capacity_kwh.nil? && battery.nominal_capacity_ah.nil?
+        battery.nominal_capacity_kwh = UnitConversions.convert(battery.rated_power_output, 'W', 'kW') / 0.5 # kWh
+        battery.nominal_capacity_kwh_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def self.apply_appliances(hpxml, nbeds, eri_version)
     # Default clothes washer
     if hpxml.clothes_washers.size > 0
@@ -1057,6 +1621,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         clothes_washer.usage_multiplier = 1.0
         clothes_washer.usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if clothes_washer.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_washer.weekday_fractions = Schedule.ClothesWasherWeekdayFractions
+        clothes_washer.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if clothes_washer.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_washer.weekend_fractions = Schedule.ClothesWasherWeekendFractions
+        clothes_washer.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if clothes_washer.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_washer.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.ClothesWasherMonthlyMultipliers
+        clothes_washer.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
 
     # Default clothes dryer
@@ -1092,6 +1668,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         clothes_dryer.vented_flow_rate = 100.0
         clothes_dryer.vented_flow_rate_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if clothes_dryer.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_dryer.weekday_fractions = Schedule.ClothesDryerWeekdayFractions
+        clothes_dryer.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if clothes_dryer.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_dryer.weekend_fractions = Schedule.ClothesDryerWeekendFractions
+        clothes_dryer.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if clothes_dryer.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        clothes_dryer.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.ClothesDryerMonthlyMultipliers
+        clothes_dryer.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
 
     # Default dishwasher
@@ -1124,6 +1712,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         dishwasher.usage_multiplier = 1.0
         dishwasher.usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
+      if dishwasher.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        dishwasher.weekday_fractions = Schedule.DishwasherWeekdayFractions
+        dishwasher.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if dishwasher.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        dishwasher.weekend_fractions = Schedule.DishwasherWeekendFractions
+        dishwasher.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+      end
+      if dishwasher.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        dishwasher.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.DishwasherMonthlyMultipliers
+        dishwasher.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+      end
     end
 
     # Default refrigerators
@@ -1137,20 +1737,20 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           refrigerator.location = HotWaterAndAppliances.get_default_extra_refrigerator_and_freezer_locations(hpxml)
           refrigerator.location_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.adjusted_annual_kwh.nil? && refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
+        if refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
           default_values = HotWaterAndAppliances.get_extra_refrigerator_default_values
           refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh = default_values[:rated_annual_kwh]
           refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if refrigerator.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.weekday_fractions = Schedule.ExtraRefrigeratorWeekdayFractions
           refrigerator.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if refrigerator.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.weekend_fractions = Schedule.ExtraRefrigeratorWeekendFractions
           refrigerator.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if refrigerator.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.ExtraRefrigeratorMonthlyMultipliers
           refrigerator.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1159,20 +1759,20 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           refrigerator.location = HPXML::LocationLivingSpace
           refrigerator.location_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.adjusted_annual_kwh.nil? && refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
+        if refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
           default_values = HotWaterAndAppliances.get_refrigerator_default_values(nbeds)
           refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh = default_values[:rated_annual_kwh]
           refrigerator.rated_annual_kwh_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if refrigerator.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.weekday_fractions = Schedule.RefrigeratorWeekdayFractions
           refrigerator.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if refrigerator.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.weekend_fractions = Schedule.RefrigeratorWeekendFractions
           refrigerator.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if refrigerator.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if refrigerator.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           refrigerator.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.RefrigeratorMonthlyMultipliers
           refrigerator.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1189,7 +1789,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         freezer.location = HotWaterAndAppliances.get_default_extra_refrigerator_and_freezer_locations(hpxml)
         freezer.location_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if freezer.adjusted_annual_kwh.nil? && freezer.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
+      if freezer.rated_annual_kwh.nil?
         default_values = HotWaterAndAppliances.get_freezer_default_values
         freezer.rated_annual_kwh = default_values[:rated_annual_kwh]
         freezer.rated_annual_kwh_isdefaulted = true
@@ -1198,15 +1798,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         freezer.usage_multiplier = 1.0
         freezer.usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if freezer.weekday_fractions.nil?
+      if freezer.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         freezer.weekday_fractions = Schedule.FreezerWeekdayFractions
         freezer.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if freezer.weekend_fractions.nil?
+      if freezer.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         freezer.weekend_fractions = Schedule.FreezerWeekendFractions
         freezer.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if freezer.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+      if freezer.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         freezer.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.FreezerMonthlyMultipliers
         freezer.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
       end
@@ -1228,15 +1828,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         cooking_range.usage_multiplier = 1.0
         cooking_range.usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if cooking_range.weekday_fractions.nil?
+      if cooking_range.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         cooking_range.weekday_fractions = Schedule.CookingRangeWeekdayFractions
         cooking_range.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if cooking_range.weekend_fractions.nil?
+      if cooking_range.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         cooking_range.weekend_fractions = Schedule.CookingRangeWeekendFractions
         cooking_range.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if cooking_range.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+      if cooking_range.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         cooking_range.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.CookingRangeMonthlyMultipliers
         cooking_range.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
       end
@@ -1272,29 +1872,29 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
     default_exterior_lighting_weekday_fractions = Schedule.LightingExteriorWeekdayFractions
     default_exterior_lighting_weekend_fractions = Schedule.LightingExteriorWeekendFractions
     default_exterior_lighting_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.LightingExteriorMonthlyMultipliers
-    if hpxml.has_space_type(HPXML::LocationGarage)
-      if hpxml.lighting.garage_weekday_fractions.nil?
+    if hpxml.has_location(HPXML::LocationGarage)
+      if hpxml.lighting.garage_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         hpxml.lighting.garage_weekday_fractions = default_exterior_lighting_weekday_fractions
         hpxml.lighting.garage_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hpxml.lighting.garage_weekend_fractions.nil?
+      if hpxml.lighting.garage_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         hpxml.lighting.garage_weekend_fractions = default_exterior_lighting_weekend_fractions
         hpxml.lighting.garage_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hpxml.lighting.garage_monthly_multipliers.nil?
+      if hpxml.lighting.garage_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         hpxml.lighting.garage_monthly_multipliers = default_exterior_lighting_monthly_multipliers
         hpxml.lighting.garage_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
-    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekday_fractions.nil?
+    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekday_fractions = default_exterior_lighting_weekday_fractions
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
     end
-    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekend_fractions.nil?
+    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekend_fractions = default_exterior_lighting_weekend_fractions
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
     end
-    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_monthly_multipliers.nil?
+    if hpxml.lighting.exterior_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_monthly_multipliers = default_exterior_lighting_monthly_multipliers
       hpxml.lighting.exterior_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
     end
@@ -1320,18 +1920,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_period_end_day = 6
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_period_end_day_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekday_fractions.nil?
+      if hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekday_fractions = Schedule.LightingExteriorHolidayWeekdayFractions
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekend_fractions.nil?
+      if hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekend_fractions = Schedule.LightingExteriorHolidayWeekendFractions
         hpxml.lighting.holiday_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
   end
 
-  def self.apply_ceiling_fans(hpxml, nbeds)
+  def self.apply_ceiling_fans(hpxml, nbeds, weather)
     return if hpxml.ceiling_fans.size == 0
 
     ceiling_fan = hpxml.ceiling_fans[0]
@@ -1344,6 +1944,18 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       ceiling_fan.quantity = HVAC.get_default_ceiling_fan_quantity(nbeds)
       ceiling_fan.quantity_isdefaulted = true
     end
+    if ceiling_fan.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      ceiling_fan.weekday_fractions = Schedule.CeilingFanWeekdayFractions
+      ceiling_fan.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if ceiling_fan.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      ceiling_fan.weekend_fractions = Schedule.CeilingFanWeekendFractions
+      ceiling_fan.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
+    end
+    if ceiling_fan.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+      ceiling_fan.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.CeilingFanMonthlyMultipliers(weather: weather)
+      ceiling_fan.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
+    end
   end
 
   def self.apply_pools_and_hot_tubs(hpxml, cfa, nbeds)
@@ -1360,16 +1972,16 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           pool.pump_usage_multiplier = 1.0
           pool.pump_usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if pool.pump_weekday_fractions.nil?
-          pool.pump_weekday_fractions = '0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.004, 0.008, 0.015, 0.026, 0.044, 0.084, 0.121, 0.127, 0.121, 0.120, 0.090, 0.075, 0.061, 0.037, 0.023, 0.013, 0.008, 0.004, 0.003, 0.003, 0.003'
+        if pool.pump_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          pool.pump_weekday_fractions = Schedule.PoolPumpWeekdayFractions
           pool.pump_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if pool.pump_weekend_fractions.nil?
-          pool.pump_weekend_fractions = '0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.004, 0.008, 0.015, 0.026, 0.044, 0.084, 0.121, 0.127, 0.121, 0.120, 0.090, 0.075, 0.061, 0.037, 0.023, 0.013, 0.008, 0.004, 0.003, 0.003, 0.003'
+        if pool.pump_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          pool.pump_weekend_fractions = Schedule.PoolPumpWeekendFractions
           pool.pump_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if pool.pump_monthly_multipliers.nil?
-          pool.pump_monthly_multipliers = '1.154, 1.161, 1.013, 1.010, 1.013, 0.888, 0.883, 0.883, 0.888, 0.978, 0.974, 1.154'
+        if pool.pump_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          pool.pump_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PoolPumpMonthlyMultipliers
           pool.pump_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
       end
@@ -1387,16 +1999,16 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         pool.heater_usage_multiplier = 1.0
         pool.heater_usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if pool.heater_weekday_fractions.nil?
-        pool.heater_weekday_fractions = '0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.004, 0.008, 0.015, 0.026, 0.044, 0.084, 0.121, 0.127, 0.121, 0.120, 0.090, 0.075, 0.061, 0.037, 0.023, 0.013, 0.008, 0.004, 0.003, 0.003, 0.003'
+      if pool.heater_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        pool.heater_weekday_fractions = Schedule.PoolHeaterWeekdayFractions
         pool.heater_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if pool.heater_weekend_fractions.nil?
-        pool.heater_weekend_fractions = '0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.004, 0.008, 0.015, 0.026, 0.044, 0.084, 0.121, 0.127, 0.121, 0.120, 0.090, 0.075, 0.061, 0.037, 0.023, 0.013, 0.008, 0.004, 0.003, 0.003, 0.003'
+      if pool.heater_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        pool.heater_weekend_fractions = Schedule.PoolHeaterWeekendFractions
         pool.heater_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if pool.heater_monthly_multipliers.nil?
-        pool.heater_monthly_multipliers = '1.154, 1.161, 1.013, 1.010, 1.013, 0.888, 0.883, 0.883, 0.888, 0.978, 0.974, 1.154'
+      if pool.heater_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        pool.heater_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PoolHeaterMonthlyMultipliers
         pool.heater_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
@@ -1414,16 +2026,16 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           hot_tub.pump_usage_multiplier = 1.0
           hot_tub.pump_usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if hot_tub.pump_weekday_fractions.nil?
-          hot_tub.pump_weekday_fractions = '0.024, 0.029, 0.024, 0.029, 0.047, 0.067, 0.057, 0.024, 0.024, 0.019, 0.015, 0.014, 0.014, 0.014, 0.024, 0.058, 0.126, 0.122, 0.068, 0.061, 0.051, 0.043, 0.024, 0.024'
+        if hot_tub.pump_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          hot_tub.pump_weekday_fractions = Schedule.HotTubPumpWeekdayFractions
           hot_tub.pump_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if hot_tub.pump_weekend_fractions.nil?
-          hot_tub.pump_weekend_fractions = '0.024, 0.029, 0.024, 0.029, 0.047, 0.067, 0.057, 0.024, 0.024, 0.019, 0.015, 0.014, 0.014, 0.014, 0.024, 0.058, 0.126, 0.122, 0.068, 0.061, 0.051, 0.043, 0.024, 0.024'
+        if hot_tub.pump_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          hot_tub.pump_weekend_fractions = Schedule.HotTubPumpWeekendFractions
           hot_tub.pump_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if hot_tub.pump_monthly_multipliers.nil?
-          hot_tub.pump_monthly_multipliers = '0.921, 0.928, 0.921, 0.915, 0.921, 1.160, 1.158, 1.158, 1.160, 0.921, 0.915, 0.921'
+        if hot_tub.pump_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+          hot_tub.pump_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.HotTubPumpMonthlyMultipliers
           hot_tub.pump_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
       end
@@ -1441,16 +2053,16 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         hot_tub.heater_usage_multiplier = 1.0
         hot_tub.heater_usage_multiplier_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hot_tub.heater_weekday_fractions.nil?
-        hot_tub.heater_weekday_fractions = '0.024, 0.029, 0.024, 0.029, 0.047, 0.067, 0.057, 0.024, 0.024, 0.019, 0.015, 0.014, 0.014, 0.014, 0.024, 0.058, 0.126, 0.122, 0.068, 0.061, 0.051, 0.043, 0.024, 0.024'
+      if hot_tub.heater_weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        hot_tub.heater_weekday_fractions = Schedule.HotTubHeaterWeekdayFractions
         hot_tub.heater_weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hot_tub.heater_weekend_fractions.nil?
-        hot_tub.heater_weekend_fractions = '0.024, 0.029, 0.024, 0.029, 0.047, 0.067, 0.057, 0.024, 0.024, 0.019, 0.015, 0.014, 0.014, 0.014, 0.024, 0.058, 0.126, 0.122, 0.068, 0.061, 0.051, 0.043, 0.024, 0.024'
+      if hot_tub.heater_weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        hot_tub.heater_weekend_fractions = Schedule.HotTubHeaterWeekendFractions
         hot_tub.heater_weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
       end
-      if hot_tub.heater_monthly_multipliers.nil?
-        hot_tub.heater_monthly_multipliers = '0.837, 0.835, 1.084, 1.084, 1.084, 1.096, 1.096, 1.096, 1.096, 0.931, 0.925, 0.837'
+      if hot_tub.heater_monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
+        hot_tub.heater_monthly_multipliers = Schedule.HotTubHeaterMonthlyMultipliers
         hot_tub.heater_monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
       end
     end
@@ -1472,15 +2084,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           plug_load.frac_latent = default_lat_frac
           plug_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsOtherWeekdayFractions
           plug_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsOtherWeekendFractions
           plug_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PlugLoadsOtherMonthlyMultipliers
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1498,15 +2110,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           plug_load.frac_latent = default_lat_frac
           plug_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsTVWeekdayFractions
           plug_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsTVWeekendFractions
           plug_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PlugLoadsTVMonthlyMultipliers
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1524,15 +2136,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           plug_load.frac_latent = 0.0
           plug_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsVehicleWeekdayFractions
           plug_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsVehicleWeekendFractions
           plug_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PlugLoadsVehicleMonthlyMultipliers
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1550,15 +2162,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           plug_load.frac_latent = 0.0
           plug_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsWellPumpWeekdayFractions
           plug_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if plug_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.PlugLoadsWellPumpWeekendFractions
           plug_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if plug_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.PlugLoadsWellPumpMonthlyMultipliers
           plug_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1585,15 +2197,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           fuel_load.frac_latent = 0.0
           fuel_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsGrillWeekdayFractions
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsGrillWeekendFractions
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.FuelLoadsGrillMonthlyMultipliers
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1610,15 +2222,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           fuel_load.frac_latent = 0.0
           fuel_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsLightingWeekdayFractions
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsLightingWeekendFractions
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.FuelLoadsLightingMonthlyMultipliers
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1635,15 +2247,15 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           fuel_load.frac_latent = 0.1
           fuel_load.frac_latent_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekday_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsFireplaceWeekdayFractions
           fuel_load.weekday_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil?
+        if fuel_load.weekend_fractions.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions = Schedule.FuelLoadsFireplaceWeekendFractions
           fuel_load.weekend_fractions_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil?
+        if fuel_load.monthly_multipliers.nil? && hpxml.header.schedules_filepath.nil?
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers = Schedule.FuelLoadsFireplaceMonthlyMultipliers
           fuel_load.monthly_multipliers_isdefaulted = true
         end
@@ -1672,7 +2284,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       end
     end
 
-    hvac_systems = HVAC.get_hpxml_hvac_systems(hpxml)
+    hvac_systems = HVAC.get_hpxml_hvac_systems(hpxml, exclude_hp_backup_systems: true)
 
     # Calculate building design loads and equipment capacities/airflows
     bldg_design_loads, all_hvac_sizing_values = HVACSizing.calculate(weather, hpxml, cfa, nbeds, hvac_systems)
@@ -1745,7 +2357,7 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
         # Heating capacities
         if htg_sys.heating_capacity.nil? || ((htg_sys.heating_capacity - hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity).abs >= 1.0)
           # Heating capacity @ 17F
-          if htg_sys.respond_to? :heating_capacity_17F
+          if htg_sys.is_a? HPXML::HeatPump
             if (not htg_sys.heating_capacity.nil?) && (not htg_sys.heating_capacity_17F.nil?)
               # Fixed value entered; scale w/ heating_capacity in case allow_increased_fixed_capacities=true
               htg_cap_17f = htg_sys.heating_capacity_17F * hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity.round / htg_sys.heating_capacity
@@ -1763,20 +2375,33 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
           htg_sys.heating_capacity = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity.round
           htg_sys.heating_capacity_isdefaulted = true
         end
-        if htg_sys.respond_to? :backup_heating_capacity
-          if not htg_sys.backup_heating_fuel.nil? # If there is a backup heating source
+        if htg_sys.is_a? HPXML::HeatPump
+          if htg_sys.backup_type.nil?
+            htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity = 0.0
+          elsif htg_sys.backup_type == HPXML::HeatPumpBackupTypeIntegrated
             if htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity.nil? || ((htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity - hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity_Supp).abs >= 1.0)
               htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity_Supp.round
               htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity_isdefaulted = true
             end
-          else
-            htg_sys.backup_heating_capacity = 0.0
+          elsif htg_sys.backup_type == HPXML::HeatPumpBackupTypeSeparate
+            if htg_sys.backup_system.heating_capacity.nil? || ((htg_sys.backup_system.heating_capacity - hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity_Supp).abs >= 1.0)
+              htg_sys.backup_system.heating_capacity = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Capacity_Supp.round
+              htg_sys.backup_system.heating_capacity_isdefaulted = true
+            end
           end
         end
 
         # Heating airflow
-        htg_sys.heating_airflow_cfm = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Airflow.round
-        htg_sys.heating_airflow_cfm_isdefaulted = true
+        if not (htg_sys.is_a?(HPXML::HeatingSystem) &&
+                [HPXML::HVACTypeBoiler,
+                 HPXML::HVACTypeElectricResistance].include?(htg_sys.heating_system_type))
+          htg_sys.heating_airflow_cfm = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Airflow.round
+          htg_sys.heating_airflow_cfm_isdefaulted = true
+        end
+        if htg_sys.is_a?(HPXML::HeatPump) && (htg_sys.backup_type == HPXML::HeatPumpBackupTypeSeparate)
+          htg_sys.backup_system.heating_airflow_cfm = hvac_sizing_values.Heat_Airflow_Supp.round
+          htg_sys.backup_system.heating_airflow_cfm_isdefaulted = true
+        end
 
         # Heating GSHP loop
         if htg_sys.is_a? HPXML::HeatPump
@@ -1802,4 +2427,50 @@ class HPXMLDefaults
       clg_sys.cooling_airflow_cfm_isdefaulted = true
     end
   end
+
+  def self.get_azimuth_from_orientation(orientation)
+    return if orientation.nil?
+
+    if orientation == HPXML::OrientationNorth
+      return 0
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationNortheast
+      return 45
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationEast
+      return 90
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationSoutheast
+      return 135
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationSouth
+      return 180
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationSouthwest
+      return 225
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationWest
+      return 270
+    elsif orientation == HPXML::OrientationNorthwest
+      return 315
+    end
+
+    fail "Unexpected orientation: #{orientation}."
+  end
+
+  def self.get_orientation_from_azimuth(azimuth)
+    return if azimuth.nil?
+
+    if (azimuth >= 0.0 - 22.5 + 360.0) || (azimuth < 0.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationNorth
+    elsif (azimuth >= 45.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 45.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationNortheast
+    elsif (azimuth >= 90.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 90.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationEast
+    elsif (azimuth >= 135.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 135.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationSoutheast
+    elsif (azimuth >= 180.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 180.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationSouth
+    elsif (azimuth >= 225.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 225.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationSouthwest
+    elsif (azimuth >= 270.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 270.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationWest
+    elsif (azimuth >= 315.0 - 22.5) && (azimuth < 315.0 + 22.5)
+      return HPXML::OrientationNorthwest
+    end
+  end
 end