protovalidate 0.1.0.beta1

data/ext/protovalidate/sys/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/container/internal/layout.h

@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+//                           MOTIVATION AND TUTORIAL
+//
+// If you want to put in a single heap allocation N doubles followed by M ints,
+// it's easy if N and M are known at compile time.
+//
+//   struct S {
+//     double a[N];
+//     int b[M];
+//   };
+//
+//   S* p = new S;
+//
+// But what if N and M are known only in run time? Class template Layout to the
+// rescue! It's a portable generalization of the technique known as struct hack.
+//
+//   // This object will tell us everything we need to know about the memory
+//   // layout of double[N] followed by int[M]. It's structurally identical to
+//   // size_t[2] that stores N and M. It's very cheap to create.
+//   const Layout<double, int> layout(N, M);
+//
+//   // Allocate enough memory for both arrays. `AllocSize()` tells us how much
+//   // memory is needed. We are free to use any allocation function we want as
+//   // long as it returns aligned memory.
+//   std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> p(new unsigned char[layout.AllocSize()]);
+//
+//   // Obtain the pointer to the array of doubles.
+//   // Equivalent to `reinterpret_cast<double*>(p.get())`.
+//   //
+//   // We could have written layout.Pointer<0>(p) instead. If all the types are
+//   // unique you can use either form, but if some types are repeated you must
+//   // use the index form.
+//   double* a = layout.Pointer<double>(p.get());
+//
+//   // Obtain the pointer to the array of ints.
+//   // Equivalent to `reinterpret_cast<int*>(p.get() + N * 8)`.
+//   int* b = layout.Pointer<int>(p);
+//
+// If we are unable to specify sizes of all fields, we can pass as many sizes as
+// we can to `Partial()`. In return, it'll allow us to access the fields whose
+// locations and sizes can be computed from the provided information.
+// `Partial()` comes in handy when the array sizes are embedded into the
+// allocation.
+//
+//   // size_t[0] containing N, size_t[1] containing M, double[N], int[M].
+//   using L = Layout<size_t, size_t, double, int>;
+//
+//   unsigned char* Allocate(size_t n, size_t m) {
+//     const L layout(1, 1, n, m);
+//     unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[layout.AllocSize()];
+//     *layout.Pointer<0>(p) = n;
+//     *layout.Pointer<1>(p) = m;
+//     return p;
+//   }
+//
+//   void Use(unsigned char* p) {
+//     // First, extract N and M.
+//     // Specify that the first array has only one element. Using `prefix` we
+//     // can access the first two arrays but not more.
+//     constexpr auto prefix = L::Partial(1);
+//     size_t n = *prefix.Pointer<0>(p);
+//     size_t m = *prefix.Pointer<1>(p);
+//
+//     // Now we can get pointers to the payload.
+//     const L layout(1, 1, n, m);
+//     double* a = layout.Pointer<double>(p);
+//     int* b = layout.Pointer<int>(p);
+//   }
+//
+// The layout we used above combines fixed-size with dynamically-sized fields.
+// This is quite common. Layout is optimized for this use case and attempts to
+// generate optimal code. To help the compiler do that in more cases, you can
+// specify the fixed sizes using `WithStaticSizes`. This ensures that all
+// computations that can be performed at compile time are indeed performed at
+// compile time. Note that sometimes the `template` keyword is needed. E.g.:
+//
+//   using SL = L::template WithStaticSizes<1, 1>;
+//
+//   void Use(unsigned char* p) {
+//     // First, extract N and M.
+//     // Using `prefix` we can access the first three arrays but not more.
+//     //
+//     // More details: The first element always has offset 0. `SL`
+//     // has offsets for the second and third array based on sizes of
+//     // the first and second array, specified via `WithStaticSizes`.
+//     constexpr auto prefix = SL::Partial();
+//     size_t n = *prefix.Pointer<0>(p);
+//     size_t m = *prefix.Pointer<1>(p);
+//
+//     // Now we can get a pointer to the final payload.
+//     const SL layout(n, m);
+//     double* a = layout.Pointer<double>(p);
+//     int* b = layout.Pointer<int>(p);
+//   }
+//
+// Efficiency tip: The order of fields matters. In `Layout<T1, ..., TN>` try to
+// ensure that `alignof(T1) >= ... >= alignof(TN)`. This way you'll have no
+// padding in between arrays.
+//
+// You can manually override the alignment of an array by wrapping the type in
+// `Aligned<T, N>`. `Layout<..., Aligned<T, N>, ...>` has exactly the same API
+// and behavior as `Layout<..., T, ...>` except that the first element of the
+// array of `T` is aligned to `N` (the rest of the elements follow without
+// padding). `N` cannot be less than `alignof(T)`.
+//
+// `AllocSize()` and `Pointer()` are the most basic methods for dealing with
+// memory layouts. Check out the reference or code below to discover more.
+//
+//                            EXAMPLE
+//
+//   // Immutable move-only string with sizeof equal to sizeof(void*). The
+//   // string size and the characters are kept in the same heap allocation.
+//   class CompactString {
+//    public:
+//     CompactString(const char* s = "") {
+//       const size_t size = strlen(s);
+//       // size_t[1] followed by char[size + 1].
+//       const L layout(size + 1);
+//       p_.reset(new unsigned char[layout.AllocSize()]);
+//       // If running under ASAN, mark the padding bytes, if any, to catch
+//       // memory errors.
+//       layout.PoisonPadding(p_.get());
+//       // Store the size in the allocation.
+//       *layout.Pointer<size_t>(p_.get()) = size;
+//       // Store the characters in the allocation.
+//       memcpy(layout.Pointer<char>(p_.get()), s, size + 1);
+//     }
+//
+//     size_t size() const {
+//       // Equivalent to reinterpret_cast<size_t&>(*p).
+//       return *L::Partial().Pointer<size_t>(p_.get());
+//     }
+//
+//     const char* c_str() const {
+//       // Equivalent to reinterpret_cast<char*>(p.get() + sizeof(size_t)).
+//       return L::Partial().Pointer<char>(p_.get());
+//     }
+//
+//    private:
+//     // Our heap allocation contains a single size_t followed by an array of
+//     // chars.
+//     using L = Layout<size_t, char>::WithStaticSizes<1>;
+//     std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> p_;
+//   };
+//
+//   int main() {
+//     CompactString s = "hello";
+//     assert(s.size() == 5);
+//     assert(strcmp(s.c_str(), "hello") == 0);
+//   }
+//
+//                               DOCUMENTATION
+//
+// The interface exported by this file consists of:
+// - class `Layout<>` and its public members.
+// - The public members of classes `internal_layout::LayoutWithStaticSizes<>`
+//   and `internal_layout::LayoutImpl<>`. Those classes aren't intended to be
+//   used directly, and their name and template parameter list are internal
+//   implementation details, but the classes themselves provide most of the
+//   functionality in this file. See comments on their members for detailed
+//   documentation.
+//
+// `Layout<T1,... Tn>::Partial(count1,..., countm)` (where `m` <= `n`) returns a
+// `LayoutImpl<>` object. `Layout<T1,..., Tn> layout(count1,..., countn)`
+// creates a `Layout` object, which exposes the same functionality by inheriting
+// from `LayoutImpl<>`.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_LAYOUT_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_LAYOUT_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/internal/demangle.h"
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/types/span.h"
+#include "absl/utility/utility.h"
+
+#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace container_internal {
+
+// A type wrapper that instructs `Layout` to use the specific alignment for the
+// array. `Layout<..., Aligned<T, N>, ...>` has exactly the same API
+// and behavior as `Layout<..., T, ...>` except that the first element of the
+// array of `T` is aligned to `N` (the rest of the elements follow without
+// padding).
+//
+// Requires: `N >= alignof(T)` and `N` is a power of 2.
+template <class T, size_t N>
+struct Aligned;
+
+namespace internal_layout {
+
+template <class T>
+struct NotAligned {};
+
+template <class T, size_t N>
+struct NotAligned<const Aligned<T, N>> {
+  static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "Aligned<T, N> cannot be const-qualified");
+};
+
+template <size_t>
+using IntToSize = size_t;
+
+template <class T>
+struct Type : NotAligned<T> {
+  using type = T;
+};
+
+template <class T, size_t N>
+struct Type<Aligned<T, N>> {
+  using type = T;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct SizeOf : NotAligned<T>, std::integral_constant<size_t, sizeof(T)> {};
+
+template <class T, size_t N>
+struct SizeOf<Aligned<T, N>> : std::integral_constant<size_t, sizeof(T)> {};
+
+// Note: workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/PR88115
+template <class T>
+struct AlignOf : NotAligned<T> {
+  static constexpr size_t value = alignof(T);
+};
+
+template <class T, size_t N>
+struct AlignOf<Aligned<T, N>> {
+  static_assert(N % alignof(T) == 0,
+                "Custom alignment can't be lower than the type's alignment");
+  static constexpr size_t value = N;
+};
+
+// Does `Ts...` contain `T`?
+template <class T, class... Ts>
+using Contains = std::disjunction<std::is_same<T, Ts>...>;
+
+template <class From, class To>
+using CopyConst =
+    typename std::conditional<std::is_const<From>::value, const To, To>::type;
+
+// Note: We're not qualifying this with absl:: because it doesn't compile under
+// MSVC.
+template <class T>
+using SliceType = Span<T>;
+
+// This namespace contains no types. It prevents functions defined in it from
+// being found by ADL.
+namespace adl_barrier {
+
+template <class Needle, class... Ts>
+constexpr size_t Find(Needle, Needle, Ts...) {
+  static_assert(!Contains<Needle, Ts...>(), "Duplicate element type");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+template <class Needle, class T, class... Ts>
+constexpr size_t Find(Needle, T, Ts...) {
+  return adl_barrier::Find(Needle(), Ts()...) + 1;
+}
+
+constexpr bool IsPow2(size_t n) { return !(n & (n - 1)); }
+
+// Returns `q * m` for the smallest `q` such that `q * m >= n`.
+// Requires: `m` is a power of two. It's enforced by IsLegalElementType below.
+constexpr size_t Align(size_t n, size_t m) { return (n + m - 1) & ~(m - 1); }
+
+constexpr size_t Min(size_t a, size_t b) { return b < a ? b : a; }
+
+constexpr size_t Max(size_t a) { return a; }
+
+template <class... Ts>
+constexpr size_t Max(size_t a, size_t b, Ts... rest) {
+  return adl_barrier::Max(b < a ? a : b, rest...);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::string TypeName() {
+  std::string out;
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAS_RTTI
+  absl::StrAppend(&out, "<",
+                  absl::debugging_internal::DemangleString(typeid(T).name()),
+                  ">");
+#endif
+  return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace adl_barrier
+
+// Can `T` be a template argument of `Layout`?
+template <class T>
+using IsLegalElementType = std::integral_constant<
+    bool, !std::is_reference<T>::value && !std::is_volatile<T>::value &&
+              !std::is_reference<typename Type<T>::type>::value &&
+              !std::is_volatile<typename Type<T>::type>::value &&
+              adl_barrier::IsPow2(AlignOf<T>::value)>;
+
+template <class Elements, class StaticSizeSeq, class RuntimeSizeSeq,
+          class SizeSeq, class OffsetSeq>
+class LayoutImpl;
+
+// Public base class of `Layout` and the result type of `Layout::Partial()`.
+//
+// `Elements...` contains all template arguments of `Layout` that created this
+// instance.
+//
+// `StaticSizeSeq...` is an index_sequence containing the sizes specified at
+// compile-time.
+//
+// `RuntimeSizeSeq...` is `[0, NumRuntimeSizes)`, where `NumRuntimeSizes` is the
+// number of arguments passed to `Layout::Partial()` or `Layout::Layout()`.
+//
+// `SizeSeq...` is `[0, NumSizes)` where `NumSizes` is `NumRuntimeSizes` plus
+// the number of sizes in `StaticSizeSeq`.
+//
+// `OffsetSeq...` is `[0, NumOffsets)` where `NumOffsets` is
+// `Min(sizeof...(Elements), NumSizes + 1)` (the number of arrays for which we
+// can compute offsets).
+template <class... Elements, size_t... StaticSizeSeq, size_t... RuntimeSizeSeq,
+          size_t... SizeSeq, size_t... OffsetSeq>
+class LayoutImpl<std::tuple<Elements...>, std::index_sequence<StaticSizeSeq...>,
+                 std::index_sequence<RuntimeSizeSeq...>,
+                 std::index_sequence<SizeSeq...>,
+                 std::index_sequence<OffsetSeq...>> {
+ private:
+  static_assert(sizeof...(Elements) > 0, "At least one field is required");
+  static_assert(std::conjunction<IsLegalElementType<Elements>...>::value,
+                "Invalid element type (see IsLegalElementType)");
+  static_assert(sizeof...(StaticSizeSeq) <= sizeof...(Elements),
+                "Too many static sizes specified");
+
+  enum {
+    NumTypes = sizeof...(Elements),
+    NumStaticSizes = sizeof...(StaticSizeSeq),
+    NumRuntimeSizes = sizeof...(RuntimeSizeSeq),
+    NumSizes = sizeof...(SizeSeq),
+    NumOffsets = sizeof...(OffsetSeq),
+  };
+
+  // These are guaranteed by `Layout`.
+  static_assert(NumStaticSizes + NumRuntimeSizes == NumSizes, "Internal error");
+  static_assert(NumSizes <= NumTypes, "Internal error");
+  static_assert(NumOffsets == adl_barrier::Min(NumTypes, NumSizes + 1),
+                "Internal error");
+  static_assert(NumTypes > 0, "Internal error");
+
+  static constexpr std::array<size_t, sizeof...(StaticSizeSeq)> kStaticSizes = {
+      StaticSizeSeq...};
+
+  // Returns the index of `T` in `Elements...`. Results in a compilation error
+  // if `Elements...` doesn't contain exactly one instance of `T`.
+  template <class T>
+  static constexpr size_t ElementIndex() {
+    static_assert(Contains<Type<T>, Type<typename Type<Elements>::type>...>(),
+                  "Type not found");
+    return adl_barrier::Find(Type<T>(),
+                             Type<typename Type<Elements>::type>()...);
+  }
+
+  template <size_t N>
+  using ElementAlignment =
+      AlignOf<typename std::tuple_element<N, std::tuple<Elements...>>::type>;
+
+ public:
+  // Element types of all arrays packed in a tuple.
+  using ElementTypes = std::tuple<typename Type<Elements>::type...>;
+
+  // Element type of the Nth array.
+  template <size_t N>
+  using ElementType = typename std::tuple_element<N, ElementTypes>::type;
+
+  constexpr explicit LayoutImpl(IntToSize<RuntimeSizeSeq>... sizes)
+      : size_{sizes...} {}
+
+  // Alignment of the layout, equal to the strictest alignment of all elements.
+  // All pointers passed to the methods of layout must be aligned to this value.
+  static constexpr size_t Alignment() {
+    return adl_barrier::Max(AlignOf<Elements>::value...);
+  }
+
+  // Offset in bytes of the Nth array.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   assert(x.Offset<0>() == 0);   // The ints starts from 0.
+  //   assert(x.Offset<1>() == 16);  // The doubles starts from 16.
+  //
+  // Requires: `N <= NumSizes && N < sizeof...(Ts)`.
+  template <size_t N>
+  constexpr size_t Offset() const {
+    if constexpr (N == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      static_assert(N < NumOffsets, "Index out of bounds");
+      return adl_barrier::Align(
+          Offset<N - 1>() + SizeOf<ElementType<N - 1>>::value * Size<N - 1>(),
+          ElementAlignment<N>::value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Offset in bytes of the array with the specified element type. There must
+  // be exactly one such array and its zero-based index must be at most
+  // `NumSizes`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   assert(x.Offset<int>() == 0);      // The ints starts from 0.
+  //   assert(x.Offset<double>() == 16);  // The doubles starts from 16.
+  template <class T>
+  constexpr size_t Offset() const {
+    return Offset<ElementIndex<T>()>();
+  }
+
+  // Offsets in bytes of all arrays for which the offsets are known.
+  constexpr std::array<size_t, NumOffsets> Offsets() const {
+    return {{Offset<OffsetSeq>()...}};
+  }
+
+  // The number of elements in the Nth array (zero-based).
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   assert(x.Size<0>() == 3);
+  //   assert(x.Size<1>() == 4);
+  //
+  // Requires: `N < NumSizes`.
+  template <size_t N>
+  constexpr size_t Size() const {
+    if constexpr (N < NumStaticSizes) {
+      return kStaticSizes[N];
+    } else {
+      static_assert(N < NumSizes, "Index out of bounds");
+      return size_[N - NumStaticSizes];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The number of elements in the array with the specified element type.
+  // There must be exactly one such array and its zero-based index must be
+  // at most `NumSizes`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   assert(x.Size<int>() == 3);
+  //   assert(x.Size<double>() == 4);
+  template <class T>
+  constexpr size_t Size() const {
+    return Size<ElementIndex<T>()>();
+  }
+
+  // The number of elements of all arrays for which they are known.
+  constexpr std::array<size_t, NumSizes> Sizes() const {
+    return {{Size<SizeSeq>()...}};
+  }
+
+  // Pointer to the beginning of the Nth array.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //   int* ints = x.Pointer<0>(p);
+  //   double* doubles = x.Pointer<1>(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `N <= NumSizes && N < sizeof...(Ts)`.
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <size_t N, class Char>
+  CopyConst<Char, ElementType<N>>* Pointer(Char* p) const {
+    using C = typename std::remove_const<Char>::type;
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_same<C, char>() || std::is_same<C, unsigned char>() ||
+            std::is_same<C, signed char>(),
+        "The argument must be a pointer to [const] [signed|unsigned] char");
+    constexpr size_t alignment = Alignment();
+    (void)alignment;
+    assert(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) % alignment == 0);
+    return reinterpret_cast<CopyConst<Char, ElementType<N>>*>(p + Offset<N>());
+  }
+
+  // Pointer to the beginning of the array with the specified element type.
+  // There must be exactly one such array and its zero-based index must be at
+  // most `NumSizes`.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //   int* ints = x.Pointer<int>(p);
+  //   double* doubles = x.Pointer<double>(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <class T, class Char>
+  CopyConst<Char, T>* Pointer(Char* p) const {
+    return Pointer<ElementIndex<T>()>(p);
+  }
+
+  // Pointers to all arrays for which pointers are known.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //
+  //   int* ints;
+  //   double* doubles;
+  //   std::tie(ints, doubles) = x.Pointers(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <class Char>
+  auto Pointers(Char* p) const {
+    return std::tuple<CopyConst<Char, ElementType<OffsetSeq>>*...>(
+        Pointer<OffsetSeq>(p)...);
+  }
+
+  // The Nth array.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //   Span<int> ints = x.Slice<0>(p);
+  //   Span<double> doubles = x.Slice<1>(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `N < NumSizes`.
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <size_t N, class Char>
+  SliceType<CopyConst<Char, ElementType<N>>> Slice(Char* p) const {
+    return SliceType<CopyConst<Char, ElementType<N>>>(Pointer<N>(p), Size<N>());
+  }
+
+  // The array with the specified element type. There must be exactly one
+  // such array and its zero-based index must be less than `NumSizes`.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //   Span<int> ints = x.Slice<int>(p);
+  //   Span<double> doubles = x.Slice<double>(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <class T, class Char>
+  SliceType<CopyConst<Char, T>> Slice(Char* p) const {
+    return Slice<ElementIndex<T>()>(p);
+  }
+
+  // All arrays with known sizes.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];
+  //
+  //   Span<int> ints;
+  //   Span<double> doubles;
+  //   std::tie(ints, doubles) = x.Slices(p);
+  //
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  //
+  // Note: We mark the parameter as maybe_unused because GCC detects it is not
+  // used when `SizeSeq` is empty [-Werror=unused-but-set-parameter].
+  template <class Char>
+  auto Slices([[maybe_unused]] Char* p) const {
+    return std::tuple<SliceType<CopyConst<Char, ElementType<SizeSeq>>>...>(
+        Slice<SizeSeq>(p)...);
+  }
+
+  // The size of the allocation that fits all arrays.
+  //
+  //   // int[3], 4 bytes of padding, double[4].
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 4);
+  //   unsigned char* p = new unsigned char[x.AllocSize()];  // 48 bytes
+  //
+  // Requires: `NumSizes == sizeof...(Ts)`.
+  constexpr size_t AllocSize() const {
+    static_assert(NumTypes == NumSizes, "You must specify sizes of all fields");
+    return Offset<NumTypes - 1>() +
+           SizeOf<ElementType<NumTypes - 1>>::value * Size<NumTypes - 1>();
+  }
+
+  // If built with --config=asan, poisons padding bytes (if any) in the
+  // allocation. The pointer must point to a memory block at least
+  // `AllocSize()` bytes in length.
+  //
+  // `Char` must be `[const] [signed|unsigned] char`.
+  //
+  // Requires: `p` is aligned to `Alignment()`.
+  template <class Char, size_t N = NumOffsets - 1>
+  void PoisonPadding(const Char* p) const {
+    if constexpr (N == 0) {
+      Pointer<0>(p);  // verify the requirements on `Char` and `p`
+    } else {
+      static_assert(N < NumOffsets, "Index out of bounds");
+      (void)p;
+#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+    PoisonPadding<Char, N - 1>(p);
+    // The `if` is an optimization. It doesn't affect the observable behaviour.
+    if (ElementAlignment<N - 1>::value % ElementAlignment<N>::value) {
+      size_t start =
+          Offset<N - 1>() + SizeOf<ElementType<N - 1>>::value * Size<N - 1>();
+      ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(p + start, Offset<N>() - start);
+    }
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Human-readable description of the memory layout. Useful for debugging.
+  // Slow.
+  //
+  //   // char[5], 3 bytes of padding, int[3], 4 bytes of padding, followed
+  //   // by an unknown number of doubles.
+  //   auto x = Layout<char, int, double>::Partial(5, 3);
+  //   assert(x.DebugString() ==
+  //          "@0<char>(1)[5]; @8<int>(4)[3]; @24<double>(8)");
+  //
+  // Each field is in the following format: @offset<type>(sizeof)[size] (<type>
+  // may be missing depending on the target platform). For example,
+  // @8<int>(4)[3] means that at offset 8 we have an array of ints, where each
+  // int is 4 bytes, and we have 3 of those ints. The size of the last field may
+  // be missing (as in the example above). Only fields with known offsets are
+  // described. Type names may differ across platforms: one compiler might
+  // produce "unsigned*" where another produces "unsigned int *".
+  std::string DebugString() const {
+    const auto offsets = Offsets();
+    const size_t sizes[] = {SizeOf<ElementType<OffsetSeq>>::value...};
+    const std::string types[] = {
+        adl_barrier::TypeName<ElementType<OffsetSeq>>()...};
+    std::string res = absl::StrCat("@0", types[0], "(", sizes[0], ")");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != NumOffsets - 1; ++i) {
+      absl::StrAppend(&res, "[", DebugSize(i), "]; @", offsets[i + 1],
+                      types[i + 1], "(", sizes[i + 1], ")");
+    }
+    // NumSizes is a constant that may be zero. Some compilers cannot see that
+    // inside the if statement "size_[NumSizes - 1]" must be valid.
+    int last = static_cast<int>(NumSizes) - 1;
+    if (NumTypes == NumSizes && last >= 0) {
+      absl::StrAppend(&res, "[", DebugSize(static_cast<size_t>(last)), "]");
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  size_t DebugSize(size_t n) const {
+    if (n < NumStaticSizes) {
+      return kStaticSizes[n];
+    } else {
+      return size_[n - NumStaticSizes];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Arguments of `Layout::Partial()` or `Layout::Layout()`.
+  size_t size_[NumRuntimeSizes > 0 ? NumRuntimeSizes : 1];
+};
+
+template <class StaticSizeSeq, size_t NumRuntimeSizes, class... Ts>
+using LayoutType = LayoutImpl<
+    std::tuple<Ts...>, StaticSizeSeq, std::make_index_sequence<NumRuntimeSizes>,
+    std::make_index_sequence<NumRuntimeSizes + StaticSizeSeq::size()>,
+    std::make_index_sequence<adl_barrier::Min(
+        sizeof...(Ts), NumRuntimeSizes + StaticSizeSeq::size() + 1)>>;
+
+template <class StaticSizeSeq, class... Ts>
+class LayoutWithStaticSizes
+    : public LayoutType<StaticSizeSeq,
+                        sizeof...(Ts) - adl_barrier::Min(sizeof...(Ts),
+                                                         StaticSizeSeq::size()),
+                        Ts...> {
+ private:
+  using Super =
+      LayoutType<StaticSizeSeq,
+                 sizeof...(Ts) -
+                     adl_barrier::Min(sizeof...(Ts), StaticSizeSeq::size()),
+                 Ts...>;
+
+ public:
+  // The result type of `Partial()` with `NumSizes` arguments.
+  template <size_t NumSizes>
+  using PartialType =
+      internal_layout::LayoutType<StaticSizeSeq, NumSizes, Ts...>;
+
+  // `Layout` knows the element types of the arrays we want to lay out in
+  // memory but not the number of elements in each array.
+  // `Partial(size1, ..., sizeN)` allows us to specify the latter. The
+  // resulting immutable object can be used to obtain pointers to the
+  // individual arrays.
+  //
+  // It's allowed to pass fewer array sizes than the number of arrays. E.g.,
+  // if all you need is to the offset of the second array, you only need to
+  // pass one argument -- the number of elements in the first array.
+  //
+  //   // int[3] followed by 4 bytes of padding and an unknown number of
+  //   // doubles.
+  //   auto x = Layout<int, double>::Partial(3);
+  //   // doubles start at byte 16.
+  //   assert(x.Offset<1>() == 16);
+  //
+  // If you know the number of elements in all arrays, you can still call
+  // `Partial()` but it's more convenient to use the constructor of `Layout`.
+  //
+  //   Layout<int, double> x(3, 5);
+  //
+  // Note: The sizes of the arrays must be specified in number of elements,
+  // not in bytes.
+  //
+  // Requires: `sizeof...(Sizes) + NumStaticSizes <= sizeof...(Ts)`.
+  // Requires: all arguments are convertible to `size_t`.
+  template <class... Sizes>
+  static constexpr PartialType<sizeof...(Sizes)> Partial(Sizes&&... sizes) {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(Sizes) + StaticSizeSeq::size() <= sizeof...(Ts),
+                  "");
+    return PartialType<sizeof...(Sizes)>(
+        static_cast<size_t>(std::forward<Sizes>(sizes))...);
+  }
+
+  // Inherit LayoutType's constructor.
+  //
+  // Creates a layout with the sizes of all arrays specified. If you know
+  // only the sizes of the first N arrays (where N can be zero), you can use
+  // `Partial()` defined above. The constructor is essentially equivalent to
+  // calling `Partial()` and passing in all array sizes; the constructor is
+  // provided as a convenient abbreviation.
+  //
+  // Note: The sizes of the arrays must be specified in number of elements,
+  // not in bytes.
+  //
+  // Implementation note: we do this via a `using` declaration instead of
+  // defining our own explicit constructor because the signature of LayoutType's
+  // constructor depends on RuntimeSizeSeq, which we don't have access to here.
+  // If we defined our own constructor here, it would have to use a parameter
+  // pack and then cast the arguments to size_t when calling the superclass
+  // constructor, similar to what Partial() does. But that would suffer from the
+  // same problem that Partial() has, which is that the parameter types are
+  // inferred from the arguments, which may be signed types, which must then be
+  // cast to size_t. This can lead to negative values being silently (i.e. with
+  // no compiler warnings) cast to an unsigned type. Having a constructor with
+  // size_t parameters helps the compiler generate better warnings about
+  // potential bad casts, while avoiding false warnings when positive literal
+  // arguments are used. If an argument is a positive literal integer (e.g.
+  // `1`), the compiler will understand that it can be safely converted to
+  // size_t, and hence not generate a warning. But if a negative literal (e.g.
+  // `-1`) or a variable with signed type is used, then it can generate a
+  // warning about a potentially unsafe implicit cast. It would be great if we
+  // could do this for Partial() too, but unfortunately as of C++23 there seems
+  // to be no way to define a function with a variable number of parameters of a
+  // certain type, a.k.a. homogeneous function parameter packs. So we're forced
+  // to choose between explicitly casting the arguments to size_t, which
+  // suppresses all warnings, even potentially valid ones, or implicitly casting
+  // them to size_t, which generates bogus warnings whenever literal arguments
+  // are used, even if they're positive.
+  using Super::Super;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal_layout
+
+// Descriptor of arrays of various types and sizes laid out in memory one after
+// another. See the top of the file for documentation.
+//
+// Check out the public API of internal_layout::LayoutWithStaticSizes and
+// internal_layout::LayoutImpl above. Those types are internal to the library
+// but their methods are public, and they are inherited by `Layout`.
+template <class... Ts>
+class Layout
+    : public internal_layout::LayoutWithStaticSizes<std::make_index_sequence<0>,
+                                                    Ts...> {
+ private:
+  using Super =
+      internal_layout::LayoutWithStaticSizes<std::make_index_sequence<0>,
+                                             Ts...>;
+
+ public:
+  // If you know the sizes of some or all of the arrays at compile time, you can
+  // use `WithStaticSizes` or `WithStaticSizeSequence` to create a `Layout` type
+  // with those sizes baked in. This can help the compiler generate optimal code
+  // for calculating array offsets and AllocSize().
+  //
+  // Like `Partial()`, the N sizes you specify are for the first N arrays, and
+  // they specify the number of elements in each array, not the number of bytes.
+  template <class StaticSizeSeq>
+  using WithStaticSizeSequence =
+      internal_layout::LayoutWithStaticSizes<StaticSizeSeq, Ts...>;
+
+  template <size_t... StaticSizes>
+  using WithStaticSizes =
+      WithStaticSizeSequence<std::index_sequence<StaticSizes...>>;
+
+  // Inherit LayoutWithStaticSizes's constructor, which requires you to specify
+  // all the array sizes.
+  using Super::Super;
+};
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_LAYOUT_H_