protovalidate 0.1.0.beta1

data/ext/protovalidate/sys/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/internal/cord_internal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,942 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_STRINGS_INTERNAL_CORD_INTERNAL_H_
+#define ABSL_STRINGS_INTERNAL_CORD_INTERNAL_H_
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/internal/endian.h"
+#include "absl/base/macros.h"
+#include "absl/base/nullability.h"
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/compressed_tuple.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/container_memory.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+// We can only add poisoning if we can detect consteval executions.
+#if defined(ABSL_HAVE_CONSTANT_EVALUATED) && \
+    (defined(ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || \
+     defined(ABSL_HAVE_MEMORY_SANITIZER))
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER 1
+#endif
+
+#define ABSL_CORD_INTERNAL_NO_SANITIZE \
+  ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace cord_internal {
+
+// The overhead of a vtable is too much for Cord, so we roll our own subclasses
+// using only a single byte to differentiate classes from each other - the "tag"
+// byte.  Define the subclasses first so we can provide downcasting helper
+// functions in the base class.
+struct CordRep;
+struct CordRepConcat;
+struct CordRepExternal;
+struct CordRepFlat;
+struct CordRepSubstring;
+struct CordRepCrc;
+class CordRepBtree;
+
+class CordzInfo;
+
+// Default feature enable states for cord ring buffers
+enum CordFeatureDefaults { kCordShallowSubcordsDefault = false };
+
+extern std::atomic<bool> shallow_subcords_enabled;
+
+inline void enable_shallow_subcords(bool enable) {
+  shallow_subcords_enabled.store(enable, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+enum Constants {
+  // The inlined size to use with absl::InlinedVector.
+  //
+  // Note: The InlinedVectors in this file (and in cord.h) do not need to use
+  // the same value for their inlined size. The fact that they do is historical.
+  // It may be desirable for each to use a different inlined size optimized for
+  // that InlinedVector's usage.
+  //
+  // TODO(jgm): Benchmark to see if there's a more optimal value than 47 for
+  // the inlined vector size (47 exists for backward compatibility).
+  kInlinedVectorSize = 47,
+
+  // Prefer copying blocks of at most this size, otherwise reference count.
+  kMaxBytesToCopy = 511
+};
+
+// Emits a fatal error "Unexpected node type: xyz" and aborts the program.
+[[noreturn]] void LogFatalNodeType(CordRep* rep);
+
+// Fast implementation of memmove for up to 15 bytes. This implementation is
+// safe for overlapping regions. If nullify_tail is true, the destination is
+// padded with '\0' up to 15 bytes.
+template <bool nullify_tail = false>
+inline void SmallMemmove(char* dst, const char* src, size_t n) {
+  if (n >= 8) {
+    assert(n <= 15);
+    uint64_t buf1;
+    uint64_t buf2;
+    memcpy(&buf1, src, 8);
+    memcpy(&buf2, src + n - 8, 8);
+    if (nullify_tail) {
+      memset(dst + 7, 0, 8);
+    }
+    // GCC 12 has a false-positive -Wstringop-overflow warning here.
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_MIN_GNUC_VERSION(12, 0)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstringop-overflow"
+#endif
+    memcpy(dst, &buf1, 8);
+    memcpy(dst + n - 8, &buf2, 8);
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_MIN_GNUC_VERSION(12, 0)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+  } else if (n >= 4) {
+    uint32_t buf1;
+    uint32_t buf2;
+    memcpy(&buf1, src, 4);
+    memcpy(&buf2, src + n - 4, 4);
+    if (nullify_tail) {
+      memset(dst + 4, 0, 4);
+      memset(dst + 7, 0, 8);
+    }
+    memcpy(dst, &buf1, 4);
+    memcpy(dst + n - 4, &buf2, 4);
+  } else {
+    if (n != 0) {
+      dst[0] = src[0];
+      dst[n / 2] = src[n / 2];
+      dst[n - 1] = src[n - 1];
+    }
+    if (nullify_tail) {
+      memset(dst + 7, 0, 8);
+      memset(dst + n, 0, 8);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Compact class for tracking the reference count and state flags for CordRep
+// instances.  Data is stored in an atomic int32_t for compactness and speed.
+class RefcountAndFlags {
+ public:
+  constexpr RefcountAndFlags() : count_{kRefIncrement} {}
+  struct Immortal {};
+  explicit constexpr RefcountAndFlags(Immortal) : count_(kImmortalFlag) {}
+
+  // Increments the reference count. Imposes no memory ordering.
+  inline void Increment() {
+    count_.fetch_add(kRefIncrement, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+
+  // Asserts that the current refcount is greater than 0. If the refcount is
+  // greater than 1, decrements the reference count.
+  //
+  // Returns false if there are no references outstanding; true otherwise.
+  // Inserts barriers to ensure that state written before this method returns
+  // false will be visible to a thread that just observed this method returning
+  // false.  Always returns false when the immortal bit is set.
+  inline bool Decrement() {
+    int32_t refcount = count_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    assert(refcount > 0 || refcount & kImmortalFlag);
+    return refcount != kRefIncrement &&
+           count_.fetch_sub(kRefIncrement, std::memory_order_acq_rel) !=
+               kRefIncrement;
+  }
+
+  // Same as Decrement but expect that refcount is greater than 1.
+  inline bool DecrementExpectHighRefcount() {
+    int32_t refcount =
+        count_.fetch_sub(kRefIncrement, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
+    assert(refcount > 0 || refcount & kImmortalFlag);
+    return refcount != kRefIncrement;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the current reference count using acquire semantics.
+  inline size_t Get() const {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(count_.load(std::memory_order_acquire) >>
+                               kNumFlags);
+  }
+
+  // Returns whether the atomic integer is 1.
+  // If the reference count is used in the conventional way, a
+  // reference count of 1 implies that the current thread owns the
+  // reference and no other thread shares it.
+  // This call performs the test for a reference count of one, and
+  // performs the memory barrier needed for the owning thread
+  // to act on the object, knowing that it has exclusive access to the
+  // object. Always returns false when the immortal bit is set.
+  inline bool IsOne() {
+    return count_.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == kRefIncrement;
+  }
+
+  bool IsImmortal() const {
+    return (count_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) & kImmortalFlag) != 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // We reserve the bottom bit for flag.
+  // kImmortalBit indicates that this entity should never be collected; it is
+  // used for the StringConstant constructor to avoid collecting immutable
+  // constant cords.
+  enum Flags {
+    kNumFlags = 1,
+
+    kImmortalFlag = 0x1,
+    kRefIncrement = (1 << kNumFlags),
+  };
+
+  std::atomic<int32_t> count_;
+};
+
+// Various representations that we allow
+enum CordRepKind {
+  UNUSED_0 = 0,
+  SUBSTRING = 1,
+  CRC = 2,
+  BTREE = 3,
+  UNUSED_4 = 4,
+  EXTERNAL = 5,
+
+  // We have different tags for different sized flat arrays,
+  // starting with FLAT, and limited to MAX_FLAT_TAG. The below values map to an
+  // allocated range of 32 bytes to 256 KB. The current granularity is:
+  // - 8 byte granularity for flat sizes in [32 - 512]
+  // - 64 byte granularity for flat sizes in (512 - 8KiB]
+  // - 4KiB byte granularity for flat sizes in (8KiB, 256 KiB]
+  // If a new tag is needed in the future, then 'FLAT' and 'MAX_FLAT_TAG' should
+  // be adjusted as well as the Tag <---> Size mapping logic so that FLAT still
+  // represents the minimum flat allocation size. (32 bytes as of now).
+  FLAT = 6,
+  MAX_FLAT_TAG = 248
+};
+
+// There are various locations where we want to check if some rep is a 'plain'
+// data edge, i.e. an external or flat rep. By having FLAT == EXTERNAL + 1, we
+// can perform this check in a single branch as 'tag >= EXTERNAL'
+// Note that we can leave this optimization to the compiler. The compiler will
+// DTRT when it sees a condition like `tag == EXTERNAL || tag >= FLAT`.
+static_assert(FLAT == EXTERNAL + 1, "EXTERNAL and FLAT not consecutive");
+
+struct CordRep {
+  // Result from an `extract edge` operation. Contains the (possibly changed)
+  // tree node as well as the extracted edge, or {tree, nullptr} if no edge
+  // could be extracted.
+  // On success, the returned `tree` value is null if `extracted` was the only
+  // data edge inside the tree, a data edge if there were only two data edges in
+  // the tree, or the (possibly new / smaller) remaining tree with the extracted
+  // data edge removed.
+  struct ExtractResult {
+    CordRep* tree;
+    CordRep* extracted;
+  };
+
+  CordRep() = default;
+  constexpr CordRep(RefcountAndFlags::Immortal immortal, size_t l)
+      : length(l), refcount(immortal), tag(EXTERNAL), storage{} {}
+
+  // The following three fields have to be less than 32 bytes since
+  // that is the smallest supported flat node size. Some code optimizations rely
+  // on the specific layout of these fields. Notably: the non-trivial field
+  // `refcount` being preceded by `length`, and being tailed by POD data
+  // members only.
+  // LINT.IfChange
+  size_t length;
+  RefcountAndFlags refcount;
+  // If tag < FLAT, it represents CordRepKind and indicates the type of node.
+  // Otherwise, the node type is CordRepFlat and the tag is the encoded size.
+  uint8_t tag;
+
+  // `storage` provides two main purposes:
+  // - the starting point for FlatCordRep.Data() [flexible-array-member]
+  // - 3 bytes of additional storage for use by derived classes.
+  // The latter is used by CordrepConcat and CordRepBtree. CordRepConcat stores
+  // a 'depth' value in storage[0], and the (future) CordRepBtree class stores
+  // `height`, `begin` and `end` in the 3 entries. Otherwise we would need to
+  // allocate room for these in the derived class, as not all compilers reuse
+  // padding space from the base class (clang and gcc do, MSVC does not, etc)
+  uint8_t storage[3];
+  // LINT.ThenChange(cord_rep_btree.h:copy_raw)
+
+  // Returns true if this instance's tag matches the requested type.
+  constexpr bool IsSubstring() const { return tag == SUBSTRING; }
+  constexpr bool IsCrc() const { return tag == CRC; }
+  constexpr bool IsExternal() const { return tag == EXTERNAL; }
+  constexpr bool IsFlat() const { return tag >= FLAT; }
+  constexpr bool IsBtree() const { return tag == BTREE; }
+
+  inline CordRepSubstring* substring();
+  inline const CordRepSubstring* substring() const;
+  inline CordRepCrc* crc();
+  inline const CordRepCrc* crc() const;
+  inline CordRepExternal* external();
+  inline const CordRepExternal* external() const;
+  inline CordRepFlat* flat();
+  inline const CordRepFlat* flat() const;
+  inline CordRepBtree* btree();
+  inline const CordRepBtree* btree() const;
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Memory management
+
+  // Destroys the provided `rep`.
+  static void Destroy(CordRep* rep);
+
+  // Increments the reference count of `rep`.
+  // Requires `rep` to be a non-null pointer value.
+  static inline CordRep* Ref(CordRep* rep);
+
+  // Decrements the reference count of `rep`. Destroys rep if count reaches
+  // zero. Requires `rep` to be a non-null pointer value.
+  static inline void Unref(CordRep* rep);
+};
+
+struct CordRepSubstring : public CordRep {
+  size_t start;  // Starting offset of substring in child
+  CordRep* child;
+
+  // Creates a substring on `child`, adopting a reference on `child`.
+  // Requires `child` to be either a flat or external node, and `pos` and `n` to
+  // form a non-empty partial sub range of `'child`, i.e.:
+  // `n > 0 && n < length && n + pos <= length`
+  static inline CordRepSubstring* Create(CordRep* child, size_t pos, size_t n);
+
+  // Creates a substring of `rep`. Does not adopt a reference on `rep`.
+  // Requires `IsDataEdge(rep) && n > 0 && pos + n <= rep->length`.
+  // If `n == rep->length` then this method returns `CordRep::Ref(rep)`
+  // If `rep` is a substring of a flat or external node, then this method will
+  // return a new substring of that flat or external node with `pos` adjusted
+  // with the original `start` position.
+  static inline CordRep* Substring(CordRep* rep, size_t pos, size_t n);
+};
+
+// Type for function pointer that will invoke the releaser function and also
+// delete the `CordRepExternalImpl` corresponding to the passed in
+// `CordRepExternal`.
+using ExternalReleaserInvoker = void (*)(CordRepExternal*);
+
+// External CordReps are allocated together with a type erased releaser. The
+// releaser is stored in the memory directly following the CordRepExternal.
+struct CordRepExternal : public CordRep {
+  CordRepExternal() = default;
+  explicit constexpr CordRepExternal(absl::string_view str)
+      : CordRep(RefcountAndFlags::Immortal{}, str.size()),
+        base(str.data()),
+        releaser_invoker(nullptr) {}
+
+  const char* base;
+  // Pointer to function that knows how to call and destroy the releaser.
+  ExternalReleaserInvoker releaser_invoker;
+
+  // Deletes (releases) the external rep.
+  // Requires rep != nullptr and rep->IsExternal()
+  static void Delete(CordRep* rep);
+};
+
+// Use go/ranked-overloads for dispatching.
+struct Rank0 {};
+struct Rank1 : Rank0 {};
+
+template <typename Releaser,
+          typename = ::std::invoke_result_t<Releaser, absl::string_view>>
+void InvokeReleaser(Rank1, Releaser&& releaser, absl::string_view data) {
+  ::std::invoke(std::forward<Releaser>(releaser), data);
+}
+
+template <typename Releaser, typename = ::std::invoke_result_t<Releaser>>
+void InvokeReleaser(Rank0, Releaser&& releaser, absl::string_view) {
+  ::std::invoke(std::forward<Releaser>(releaser));
+}
+
+// We use CompressedTuple so that we can benefit from EBCO.
+template <typename Releaser>
+struct CordRepExternalImpl
+    : public CordRepExternal,
+      public ::absl::container_internal::CompressedTuple<Releaser> {
+  // The extra int arg is so that we can avoid interfering with copy/move
+  // constructors while still benefitting from perfect forwarding.
+  template <typename T>
+  CordRepExternalImpl(T&& releaser, int)
+      : CordRepExternalImpl::CompressedTuple(std::forward<T>(releaser)) {
+    this->releaser_invoker = &Release;
+  }
+
+  const Releaser* releaser() const { return &this->template get<0>(); }
+
+  ~CordRepExternalImpl() {
+    InvokeReleaser(Rank1{}, std::move(this->template get<0>()),
+                   absl::string_view(base, length));
+  }
+
+  static void Release(CordRepExternal* rep) {
+    delete static_cast<CordRepExternalImpl*>(rep);
+  }
+};
+
+inline CordRepSubstring* CordRepSubstring::Create(CordRep* child, size_t pos,
+                                                  size_t n) {
+  assert(child != nullptr);
+  assert(n > 0);
+  assert(n < child->length);
+  assert(pos < child->length);
+  assert(n <= child->length - pos);
+
+  // Move to strategical places inside the Cord logic and make this an assert.
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(!(child->IsExternal() || child->IsFlat()))) {
+    LogFatalNodeType(child);
+  }
+
+  CordRepSubstring* rep = new CordRepSubstring();
+  rep->length = n;
+  rep->tag = SUBSTRING;
+  rep->start = pos;
+  rep->child = child;
+  return rep;
+}
+
+inline CordRep* CordRepSubstring::Substring(CordRep* rep, size_t pos,
+                                            size_t n) {
+  assert(rep != nullptr);
+  assert(n != 0);
+  assert(pos < rep->length);
+  assert(n <= rep->length - pos);
+  if (n == rep->length) return CordRep::Ref(rep);
+  if (rep->IsSubstring()) {
+    pos += rep->substring()->start;
+    rep = rep->substring()->child;
+  }
+  CordRepSubstring* substr = new CordRepSubstring();
+  substr->length = n;
+  substr->tag = SUBSTRING;
+  substr->start = pos;
+  substr->child = CordRep::Ref(rep);
+  return substr;
+}
+
+inline void CordRepExternal::Delete(CordRep* rep) {
+  assert(rep != nullptr && rep->IsExternal());
+  auto* rep_external = static_cast<CordRepExternal*>(rep);
+  assert(rep_external->releaser_invoker != nullptr);
+  rep_external->releaser_invoker(rep_external);
+}
+
+template <typename Str>
+struct ConstInitExternalStorage {
+  ABSL_CONST_INIT static CordRepExternal value;
+};
+
+template <typename Str>
+ABSL_CONST_INIT CordRepExternal
+    ConstInitExternalStorage<Str>::value(Str::value);
+
+enum {
+  kMaxInline = 15,
+};
+
+constexpr char GetOrNull(absl::string_view data, size_t pos) {
+  return pos < data.size() ? data[pos] : '\0';
+}
+
+// We store cordz_info as 64 bit pointer value in little endian format. This
+// guarantees that the least significant byte of cordz_info matches the first
+// byte of the inline data representation in `data`, which holds the inlined
+// size or the 'is_tree' bit.
+using cordz_info_t = int64_t;
+
+// Assert that the `cordz_info` pointer value perfectly overlaps the last half
+// of `data` and can hold a pointer value.
+static_assert(sizeof(cordz_info_t) * 2 == kMaxInline + 1, "");
+static_assert(sizeof(cordz_info_t) >= sizeof(intptr_t), "");
+
+// LittleEndianByte() creates a little endian representation of 'value', i.e.:
+// a little endian value where the first byte in the host's representation
+// holds 'value`, with all other bytes being 0.
+static constexpr cordz_info_t LittleEndianByte(unsigned char value) {
+#if defined(ABSL_IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
+  return static_cast<cordz_info_t>(value) << ((sizeof(cordz_info_t) - 1) * 8);
+#else
+  return value;
+#endif
+}
+
+class InlineData {
+ public:
+  // DefaultInitType forces the use of the default initialization constructor.
+  enum DefaultInitType { kDefaultInit };
+
+  // kNullCordzInfo holds the little endian representation of intptr_t(1)
+  // This is the 'null' / initial value of 'cordz_info'. The null value
+  // is specifically big endian 1 as with 64-bit pointers, the last
+  // byte of cordz_info overlaps with the last byte holding the tag.
+  static constexpr cordz_info_t kNullCordzInfo = LittleEndianByte(1);
+
+  // kTagOffset contains the offset of the control byte / tag. This constant is
+  // intended mostly for debugging purposes: do not remove this constant as it
+  // is actively inspected and used by gdb pretty printing code.
+  static constexpr size_t kTagOffset = 0;
+
+  // Implement `~InlineData()` conditionally: we only need this destructor to
+  // unpoison poisoned instances under *SAN, and it will only compile correctly
+  // if the current compiler supports `absl::is_constant_evaluated()`.
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+  ~InlineData() noexcept { unpoison(); }
+#endif
+
+  constexpr InlineData() noexcept { poison_this(); }
+
+  explicit InlineData(DefaultInitType) noexcept : rep_(kDefaultInit) {
+    poison_this();
+  }
+
+  explicit InlineData(CordRep* rep) noexcept : rep_(rep) {
+    ABSL_ASSERT(rep != nullptr);
+  }
+
+  // Explicit constexpr constructor to create a constexpr InlineData
+  // value. Creates an inlined SSO value if `rep` is null, otherwise
+  // creates a tree instance value.
+  constexpr InlineData(absl::string_view sv, CordRep* rep) noexcept
+      : rep_(rep ? Rep(rep) : Rep(sv)) {
+    poison();
+  }
+
+  constexpr InlineData(const InlineData& rhs) noexcept;
+  InlineData& operator=(const InlineData& rhs) noexcept;
+  friend void swap(InlineData& lhs, InlineData& rhs) noexcept;
+
+  friend bool operator==(const InlineData& lhs, const InlineData& rhs) {
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+    const Rep l = lhs.rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy();
+    const Rep r = rhs.rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy();
+    return memcmp(&l, &r, sizeof(l)) == 0;
+#else
+    return memcmp(&lhs, &rhs, sizeof(lhs)) == 0;
+#endif
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const InlineData& lhs, const InlineData& rhs) {
+    return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  // Poisons the unused inlined SSO data if the current instance
+  // is inlined, else un-poisons the entire instance.
+  constexpr void poison();
+
+  // Un-poisons this instance.
+  constexpr void unpoison();
+
+  // Poisons the current instance. This is used on default initialization.
+  constexpr void poison_this();
+
+  // Returns true if the current instance is empty.
+  // The 'empty value' is an inlined data value of zero length.
+  bool is_empty() const { return rep_.tag() == 0; }
+
+  // Returns true if the current instance holds a tree value.
+  bool is_tree() const { return (rep_.tag() & 1) != 0; }
+
+  // Returns true if the current instance holds a cordz_info value.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold a tree value.
+  bool is_profiled() const {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    return rep_.cordz_info() != kNullCordzInfo;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if either of the provided instances hold a cordz_info value.
+  // This method is more efficient than the equivalent `data1.is_profiled() ||
+  // data2.is_profiled()`. Requires both arguments to hold a tree.
+  static bool is_either_profiled(const InlineData& data1,
+                                 const InlineData& data2) {
+    assert(data1.is_tree() && data2.is_tree());
+    return (data1.rep_.cordz_info() | data2.rep_.cordz_info()) !=
+           kNullCordzInfo;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the cordz_info sampling instance for this instance, or nullptr
+  // if the current instance is not sampled and does not have CordzInfo data.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold a tree value.
+  CordzInfo* cordz_info() const {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    intptr_t info = static_cast<intptr_t>(absl::little_endian::ToHost64(
+        static_cast<uint64_t>(rep_.cordz_info())));
+    assert(info & 1);
+    return reinterpret_cast<CordzInfo*>(info - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Sets the current cordz_info sampling instance for this instance, or nullptr
+  // if the current instance is not sampled and does not have CordzInfo data.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold a tree value.
+  void set_cordz_info(CordzInfo* cordz_info) {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    uintptr_t info = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(cordz_info) | 1;
+    rep_.set_cordz_info(
+        static_cast<cordz_info_t>(absl::little_endian::FromHost64(info)));
+  }
+
+  // Resets the current cordz_info to null / empty.
+  void clear_cordz_info() {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    rep_.set_cordz_info(kNullCordzInfo);
+  }
+
+  // Returns a read only pointer to the character data inside this instance.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold inline data.
+  const char* as_chars() const {
+    assert(!is_tree());
+    return rep_.as_chars();
+  }
+
+  // Returns a mutable pointer to the character data inside this instance.
+  // Should be used for 'write only' operations setting an inlined value.
+  // Applications can set the value of inlined data either before or after
+  // setting the inlined size, i.e., both of the below are valid:
+  //
+  //   // Set inlined data and inline size
+  //   memcpy(data_.as_chars(), data, size);
+  //   data_.set_inline_size(size);
+  //
+  //   // Set inlined size and inline data
+  //   data_.set_inline_size(size);
+  //   memcpy(data_.as_chars(), data, size);
+  //
+  // It's an error to read from the returned pointer without a preceding write
+  // if the current instance does not hold inline data, i.e.: is_tree() == true.
+  char* as_chars() { return rep_.as_chars(); }
+
+  // Returns the tree value of this value.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold a tree value.
+  CordRep* as_tree() const {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    return rep_.tree();
+  }
+
+  void set_inline_data(const char* data, size_t n) {
+    ABSL_ASSERT(n <= kMaxInline);
+    unpoison();
+    rep_.set_tag(static_cast<int8_t>(n << 1));
+    SmallMemmove<true>(rep_.as_chars(), data, n);
+    poison();
+  }
+
+  void CopyInlineToString(std::string* dst) const {
+    assert(!is_tree());
+    // As Cord can store only 15 bytes it is smaller than std::string's
+    // small string optimization buffer size. Therefore we will always trigger
+    // the fast assign short path.
+    //
+    // Copying with a size equal to the maximum allows more efficient, wider
+    // stores to be used and no branching.
+    dst->assign(rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy().as_chars(), kMaxInline);
+    // After the copy we then change the size and put in a 0 byte.
+    dst->erase(inline_size());
+  }
+
+  void copy_max_inline_to(char* dst) const {
+    assert(!is_tree());
+    memcpy(dst, rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy().as_chars(), kMaxInline);
+  }
+
+  // Initialize this instance to holding the tree value `rep`,
+  // initializing the cordz_info to null, i.e.: 'not profiled'.
+  void make_tree(CordRep* rep) {
+    unpoison();
+    rep_.make_tree(rep);
+  }
+
+  // Set the tree value of this instance to 'rep`.
+  // Requires the current instance to already hold a tree value.
+  // Does not affect the value of cordz_info.
+  void set_tree(CordRep* rep) {
+    assert(is_tree());
+    rep_.set_tree(rep);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the size of the inlined character data inside this instance.
+  // Requires the current instance to hold inline data.
+  size_t inline_size() const { return rep_.inline_size(); }
+
+  // Sets the size of the inlined character data inside this instance.
+  // Requires `size` to be <= kMaxInline.
+  // See the documentation on 'as_chars()' for more information and examples.
+  void set_inline_size(size_t size) {
+    unpoison();
+    rep_.set_inline_size(size);
+    poison();
+  }
+
+  // Compares 'this' inlined data  with rhs. The comparison is a straightforward
+  // lexicographic comparison. `Compare()` returns values as follows:
+  //
+  //   -1  'this' InlineData instance is smaller
+  //    0  the InlineData instances are equal
+  //    1  'this' InlineData instance larger
+  int Compare(const InlineData& rhs) const {
+    return Compare(rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy(), rhs.rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct Rep {
+    // See cordz_info_t for forced alignment and size of `cordz_info` details.
+    struct AsTree {
+      explicit constexpr AsTree(absl::cord_internal::CordRep* tree)
+          : rep(tree) {}
+      cordz_info_t cordz_info = kNullCordzInfo;
+      absl::cord_internal::CordRep* rep;
+    };
+
+    explicit Rep(DefaultInitType) {}
+    constexpr Rep() : data{0} {}
+    constexpr Rep(const Rep&) = default;
+    constexpr Rep& operator=(const Rep&) = default;
+
+    explicit constexpr Rep(CordRep* rep) : as_tree(rep) {}
+
+    explicit constexpr Rep(absl::string_view chars)
+        : data{static_cast<char>((chars.size() << 1)),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 0),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 1),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 2),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 3),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 4),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 5),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 6),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 7),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 8),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 9),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 10),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 11),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 12),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 13),
+               GetOrNull(chars, 14)} {}
+
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+    // Break compiler optimization for cases when value is allocated on the
+    // stack. Compiler assumes that the the variable is fully accessible
+    // regardless of our poisoning.
+    // Missing report: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/100640
+    const Rep* self() const {
+      const Rep* volatile ptr = this;
+      return ptr;
+    }
+    Rep* self() {
+      Rep* volatile ptr = this;
+      return ptr;
+    }
+#else
+    constexpr const Rep* self() const { return this; }
+    constexpr Rep* self() { return this; }
+#endif
+
+    // Disable sanitizer as we must always be able to read `tag`.
+    ABSL_CORD_INTERNAL_NO_SANITIZE
+    int8_t tag() const { return reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(this)[0]; }
+    void set_tag(int8_t rhs) { reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(self())[0] = rhs; }
+
+    char* as_chars() { return self()->data + 1; }
+    const char* as_chars() const { return self()->data + 1; }
+
+    bool is_tree() const { return (self()->tag() & 1) != 0; }
+
+    size_t inline_size() const {
+      ABSL_ASSERT(!self()->is_tree());
+      return static_cast<size_t>(self()->tag()) >> 1;
+    }
+
+    void set_inline_size(size_t size) {
+      ABSL_ASSERT(size <= kMaxInline);
+      self()->set_tag(static_cast<int8_t>(size << 1));
+    }
+
+    CordRep* tree() const { return self()->as_tree.rep; }
+    void set_tree(CordRep* rhs) { self()->as_tree.rep = rhs; }
+
+    cordz_info_t cordz_info() const { return self()->as_tree.cordz_info; }
+    void set_cordz_info(cordz_info_t rhs) { self()->as_tree.cordz_info = rhs; }
+
+    void make_tree(CordRep* tree) {
+      self()->as_tree.rep = tree;
+      self()->as_tree.cordz_info = kNullCordzInfo;
+    }
+
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+    constexpr Rep SanitizerSafeCopy() const {
+      if (!absl::is_constant_evaluated()) {
+        Rep res;
+        if (is_tree()) {
+          res = *this;
+        } else {
+          res.set_tag(tag());
+          memcpy(res.as_chars(), as_chars(), inline_size());
+        }
+        return res;
+      } else {
+        return *this;
+      }
+    }
+#else
+    constexpr const Rep& SanitizerSafeCopy() const { return *this; }
+#endif
+
+    // If the data has length <= kMaxInline, we store it in `data`, and
+    // store the size in the first char of `data` shifted left + 1.
+    // Else we store it in a tree and store a pointer to that tree in
+    // `as_tree.rep` with a tagged pointer to make `tag() & 1` non zero.
+    union {
+      char data[kMaxInline + 1];
+      AsTree as_tree;
+    };
+
+    // TODO(b/145829486): see swap(InlineData, InlineData) for more info.
+    inline void SwapValue(Rep rhs, Rep& refrhs) {
+      memcpy(&refrhs, this, sizeof(*this));
+      memcpy(this, &rhs, sizeof(*this));
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Private implementation of `Compare()`
+  static inline int Compare(const Rep& lhs, const Rep& rhs) {
+    uint64_t x, y;
+    memcpy(&x, lhs.as_chars(), sizeof(x));
+    memcpy(&y, rhs.as_chars(), sizeof(y));
+    if (x == y) {
+      memcpy(&x, lhs.as_chars() + 7, sizeof(x));
+      memcpy(&y, rhs.as_chars() + 7, sizeof(y));
+      if (x == y) {
+        if (lhs.inline_size() == rhs.inline_size()) return 0;
+        return lhs.inline_size() < rhs.inline_size() ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    }
+    x = absl::big_endian::FromHost64(x);
+    y = absl::big_endian::FromHost64(y);
+    return x < y ? -1 : 1;
+  }
+
+  Rep rep_;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(InlineData) == kMaxInline + 1, "");
+
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+
+constexpr InlineData::InlineData(const InlineData& rhs) noexcept
+    : rep_(rhs.rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy()) {
+  poison();
+}
+
+inline InlineData& InlineData::operator=(const InlineData& rhs) noexcept {
+  unpoison();
+  rep_ = rhs.rep_.SanitizerSafeCopy();
+  poison();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+constexpr void InlineData::poison_this() {
+  if (!absl::is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    container_internal::SanitizerPoisonObject(this);
+  }
+}
+
+constexpr void InlineData::unpoison() {
+  if (!absl::is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    container_internal::SanitizerUnpoisonObject(this);
+  }
+}
+
+constexpr void InlineData::poison() {
+  if (!absl::is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    if (is_tree()) {
+      container_internal::SanitizerUnpoisonObject(this);
+    } else if (const size_t size = inline_size()) {
+      if (size < kMaxInline) {
+        const char* end = rep_.as_chars() + size;
+        container_internal::SanitizerPoisonMemoryRegion(end, kMaxInline - size);
+      }
+    } else {
+      container_internal::SanitizerPoisonObject(this);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+
+constexpr InlineData::InlineData(const InlineData&) noexcept = default;
+inline InlineData& InlineData::operator=(const InlineData&) noexcept = default;
+
+constexpr void InlineData::poison_this() {}
+constexpr void InlineData::unpoison() {}
+constexpr void InlineData::poison() {}
+
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_CORD_HAVE_SANITIZER
+
+inline CordRepSubstring* CordRep::substring() {
+  assert(IsSubstring());
+  return static_cast<CordRepSubstring*>(this);
+}
+
+inline const CordRepSubstring* CordRep::substring() const {
+  assert(IsSubstring());
+  return static_cast<const CordRepSubstring*>(this);
+}
+
+inline CordRepExternal* CordRep::external() {
+  assert(IsExternal());
+  return static_cast<CordRepExternal*>(this);
+}
+
+inline const CordRepExternal* CordRep::external() const {
+  assert(IsExternal());
+  return static_cast<const CordRepExternal*>(this);
+}
+
+inline CordRep* CordRep::Ref(CordRep* rep) {
+  // ABSL_ASSUME is a workaround for
+  // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105585
+  ABSL_ASSUME(rep != nullptr);
+  rep->refcount.Increment();
+  return rep;
+}
+
+inline void CordRep::Unref(CordRep* rep) {
+  assert(rep != nullptr);
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(!rep->refcount.DecrementExpectHighRefcount())) {
+    Destroy(rep);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void swap(InlineData& lhs, InlineData& rhs) noexcept {
+  lhs.unpoison();
+  rhs.unpoison();
+  // TODO(b/145829486): `std::swap(lhs.rep_, rhs.rep_)` results in bad codegen
+  // on clang, spilling the temporary swap value on the stack. Since `Rep` is
+  // trivial, we can make clang DTRT by calling a hand-rolled `SwapValue` where
+  // we pass `rhs` both by value (register allocated) and by reference. The IR
+  // then folds and inlines correctly into an optimized swap without spill.
+  lhs.rep_.SwapValue(rhs.rep_, rhs.rep_);
+  rhs.poison();
+  lhs.poison();
+}
+
+}  // namespace cord_internal
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_STRINGS_INTERNAL_CORD_INTERNAL_H_