propane 3.6.0-java → 3.10.0-java

data/lib/java/processing/core/PImage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,3377 @@
+/* -*- mode: java; c-basic-offset: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
+
+/*
+  Part of the Processing project - http://processing.org
+
+  Copyright (c) 2004-14 Ben Fry and Casey Reas
+  Copyright (c) 2001-04 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+
+  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+  Public License along with this library; if not, write to the
+  Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
+  Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+*/
+
+package processing.core;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+
+/**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage.xml )
+   *
+   * Datatype for storing images. Processing can display <b>.gif</b>,
+   * <b>.jpg</b>, <b>.tga</b>, and <b>.png</b> images. Images may be
+   * displayed in 2D and 3D space. Before an image is used, it must be loaded
+   * with the <b>loadImage()</b> function. The <b>PImage</b> class contains
+   * fields for the <b>width</b> and <b>height</b> of the image, as well as
+   * an array called <b>pixels[]</b> that contains the values for every pixel
+   * in the image. The methods described below allow easy access to the
+   * image's pixels and alpha channel and simplify the process of compositing.
+   *  using the <b>pixels[]</b> array, be sure to use the
+   * <b>loadPixels()</b> method on the image to make sure that the pixel data
+   * is properly loaded.
+   *  create a new image, use the <b>createImage()</b> function. Do not
+   * use the syntax <b>new PImage()</b>.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+ * @webref image
+ * @usage Web &amp; Application
+ * @instanceName pimg any object of type PImage
+ * @see PApplet#loadImage(String)
+ * @see PApplet#imageMode(int)
+ * @see PApplet#createImage(int, int, int)
+ */
+public class PImage implements PConstants, Cloneable {
+
+  private static final byte TIFF_HEADER[] = {
+    77, 77, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 9, 0, -2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 122, 1, 6, 0, 3, 0,
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 17, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 21,
+    0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 22, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    1, 23, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 0, 8
+  };
+
+  private static final String TIFF_ERROR = "Error: Processing can only read its own TIFF files.";
+
+  /**
+   * Format for this image, one of RGB, ARGB or ALPHA.
+   * note that RGB images still require 0xff in the high byte
+   * because of how they'll be manipulated by other functions
+   */
+  public int format;
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from pixels.xml )
+   *
+   * Array containing the values for all the pixels in the display window.
+   * These values are of the color datatype. This array is the size of the
+   * display window. For example, if the image is 100x100 pixels, there will
+   * be 10000 values and if the window is 200x300 pixels, there will be 60000
+   * values. The <b>index</b> value defines the position of a value within
+   * the array. For example, the statement <b>color b = pixels[230]</b> will
+   * set the variable <b>b</b> to be equal to the value at that location in
+   * the array.
+   * 
+   * Before accessing this array, the data must loaded with the
+   * <b>loadPixels()</b> function. After the array data has been modified,
+   * the <b>updatePixels()</b> function must be run to update the changes.
+   * Without <b>loadPixels()</b>, running the code may (or will in future
+   * releases) result in a NullPointerException.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @brief     Array containing the color of every pixel in the image
+   */
+  public int[] pixels;
+
+  /** 1 for most images, 2 for hi-dpi/retina */
+  public int pixelDensity = 1;
+
+  /** Actual dimensions of pixels array, taking into account the 2x setting. */
+  public int pixelWidth;
+  public int pixelHeight;
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_width.xml )
+   *
+   * The width of the image in units of pixels.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * @webref pimage:field
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @brief     Image width
+   */
+  public int width;
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_height.xml )
+   *
+   * The height of the image in units of pixels.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * @webref pimage:field
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @brief     Image height
+   */
+  public int height;
+
+  /**
+   * Path to parent object that will be used with save().
+   * This prevents users from needing savePath() to use PImage.save().
+   */
+  public PApplet parent;
+
+
+  // . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
+
+  /** modified portion of the image */
+  protected boolean modified;
+  protected int mx1, my1, mx2, my2;
+
+  /** Loaded pixels flag */
+  public boolean loaded = false;
+
+  // . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
+
+  // private fields
+  private int fracU, ifU, fracV, ifV, u1, u2, v1, v2, sX, sY, iw, iw1, ih1;
+  private int ul, ll, ur, lr, cUL, cLL, cUR, cLR;
+  private int srcXOffset, srcYOffset;
+  private int r, g, b, a;
+  private int[] srcBuffer;
+
+  // fixed point precision is limited to 15 bits!!
+  static final int PRECISIONB = 15;
+  static final int PRECISIONF = 1 << PRECISIONB;
+  static final int PREC_MAXVAL = PRECISIONF-1;
+  static final int PREC_ALPHA_SHIFT = 24-PRECISIONB;
+  static final int PREC_RED_SHIFT = 16-PRECISIONB;
+
+  // internal kernel stuff for the gaussian blur filter
+  private int blurRadius;
+  private int blurKernelSize;
+  private int[] blurKernel;
+  private int[][] blurMult;
+
+  // colour component bitmasks (moved from PConstants in 2.0b7)
+  public static final int ALPHA_MASK = 0xff000000;
+  public static final int RED_MASK   = 0x00ff0000;
+  public static final int GREEN_MASK = 0x0000ff00;
+  public static final int BLUE_MASK  = 0x000000ff;
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage.xml )
+   *
+   * Datatype for storing images. Processing can display <b>.gif</b>,
+   * <b>.jpg</b>, <b>.tga</b>, and <b>.png</b> images. Images may be
+   * displayed in 2D and 3D space. Before an image is used, it must be loaded
+   * with the <b>loadImage()</b> function. The <b>PImage</b> object contains
+   * fields for the <b>width</b> and <b>height</b> of the image, as well as
+   * an array called <b>pixels[]</b> which contains the values for every
+   * pixel in the image. A group of methods, described below, allow easy
+   * access to the image's pixels and alpha channel and simplify the process
+   * of compositing.
+   * 
+   * Before using the <b>pixels[]</b> array, be sure to use the
+   * <b>loadPixels()</b> method on the image to make sure that the pixel data
+   * is properly loaded.
+   * 
+   * To create a new image, use the <b>createImage()</b> function (do not use
+   * <b>new PImage()</b>).
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * @nowebref
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @see PApplet#loadImage(String, String)
+   * @see PApplet#imageMode(int)
+   * @see PApplet#createImage(int, int, int)
+   */
+  public PImage() {
+    format = ARGB;  // default to ARGB images for release 0116
+    pixelDensity = 1;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @nowebref
+   * @param width image width
+   * @param height image height
+   */
+  public PImage(int width, int height) {
+    init(width, height, RGB, 1);
+
+    // toxi: is it maybe better to init the image with max alpha enabled?
+    //for(int i=0; i<pixels.length; i++) pixels[i]=0xffffffff;
+    // fry: i'm opting for the full transparent image, which is how
+    // photoshop works, and our audience oughta be familiar with.
+    // also, i want to avoid having to set all those pixels since
+    // in java it's super slow, and most using this fxn will be
+    // setting all the pixels anyway.
+    // toxi: agreed and same reasons why i left it out ;)
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @nowebref
+   * @param format Either RGB, ARGB, ALPHA (grayscale alpha channel)
+   */
+  public PImage(int width, int height, int format) {
+    init(width, height, format, 1);
+  }
+
+
+  public PImage(int width, int height, int format, int factor) {
+    init(width, height, format, factor);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Do not remove, see notes in the other variant.
+   */
+  public void init(int width, int height, int format) {  // ignore
+    init(width, height, format, 1);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Function to be used by subclasses of PImage to init later than
+   * at the constructor, or re-init later when things changes.
+   * Used by Capture and Movie classes (and perhaps others),
+   * because the width/height will not be known when super() is called.
+   * (Leave this public so that other libraries can do the same.)
+   */
+  public void init(int width, int height, int format, int factor) {  // ignore
+    this.width = width;
+    this.height = height;
+    this.format = format;
+    this.pixelDensity = factor;
+
+    pixelWidth = width * pixelDensity;
+    pixelHeight = height * pixelDensity;
+    this.pixels = new int[pixelWidth * pixelHeight];
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Check the alpha on an image, using a really primitive loop.
+   */
+  public void checkAlpha() {
+    if (pixels == null) return;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+      // since transparency is often at corners, hopefully this
+      // will find a non-transparent pixel quickly and exit
+      if ((pixels[i] & 0xff000000) != 0xff000000) {
+        format = ARGB;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  public PImage(int width, int height, int[] pixels, boolean requiresCheckAlpha, PApplet parent) {
+    initFromPixels(
+        width,
+        height,
+        pixels,
+        RGB,
+        1
+    );
+
+    this.parent = parent;
+
+    if (requiresCheckAlpha) {
+      checkAlpha();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public PImage(int width, int height, int[] pixels, boolean requiresCheckAlpha, PApplet parent,
+                int format, int factor) {
+
+    initFromPixels(width, height, pixels, format, factor);
+    this.parent = parent;
+
+    if (requiresCheckAlpha) {
+      checkAlpha();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void initFromPixels(int width, int height, int[] pixels, int format, int factor) {
+    this.width = width;
+    this.height = height;
+    this.format = format;
+    this.pixelDensity = factor;
+    this.pixels = pixels;
+  }
+
+
+  public Object getNative() {  // ignore
+    return null;
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // MARKING IMAGE AS MODIFIED / FOR USE w/ GET/SET
+
+
+  public boolean isModified() {  // ignore
+    return modified;
+  }
+
+
+  public void setModified() {  // ignore
+    modified = true;
+    mx1 = 0;
+    my1 = 0;
+    mx2 = pixelWidth;
+    my2 = pixelHeight;
+  }
+
+
+  public void setModified(boolean m) {  // ignore
+    modified = m;
+  }
+
+
+  public int getModifiedX1() {  // ignore
+    return mx1;
+  }
+
+
+  public int getModifiedX2() {  // ignore
+    return mx2;
+  }
+
+
+  public int getModifiedY1() {  // ignore
+    return my1;
+  }
+
+
+  public int getModifiedY2() {  // ignore
+    return my2;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_loadPixels.xml )
+   *
+   * Loads the pixel data for the image into its <b>pixels[]</b> array. This
+   * function must always be called before reading from or writing to <b>pixels[]</b>.
+   *  renderers may or may not seem to require <b>loadPixels()</b>
+   * or <b>updatePixels()</b>. However, the rule is that any time you want to
+   * manipulate the <b>pixels[]</b> array, you must first call
+   * <b>loadPixels()</b>, and after changes have been made, call
+   * <b>updatePixels()</b>. Even if the renderer may not seem to use this
+   * function in the current Processing release, this will always be subject
+   * to change.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Call this when you want to mess with the pixels[] array.
+   * 
+   * For subclasses where the pixels[] buffer isn't set by default,
+   * this should copy all data into the pixels[] array
+   *
+   * @webref pimage:pixels
+   * @brief Loads the pixel data for the image into its pixels[] array
+   * @usage web_application
+   */
+  public void loadPixels() {  // ignore
+    if (pixels == null || pixels.length != pixelWidth*pixelHeight) {
+      pixels = new int[pixelWidth*pixelHeight];
+    }
+    setLoaded();
+  }
+
+
+  public void updatePixels() {  // ignore
+    updatePixels(0, 0, pixelWidth, pixelHeight);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_updatePixels.xml )
+   *
+   * Updates the image with the data in its <b>pixels[]</b> array. Use in
+   * conjunction with <b>loadPixels()</b>. If you're only reading pixels from
+   * the array, there's no need to call <b>updatePixels()</b>.
+   *  renderers may or may not seem to require <b>loadPixels()</b>
+   * or <b>updatePixels()</b>. However, the rule is that any time you want to
+   * manipulate the <b>pixels[]</b> array, you must first call
+   * <b>loadPixels()</b>, and after changes have been made, call
+   * <b>updatePixels()</b>. Even if the renderer may not seem to use this
+   * function in the current Processing release, this will always be subject
+   * to change.
+   * 
+   * Currently, none of the renderers use the additional parameters to
+   * <b>updatePixels()</b>, however this may be implemented in the future.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Mark the pixels in this region as needing an update.
+   * This is not currently used by any of the renderers, however the api
+   * is structured this way in the hope of being able to use this to
+   * speed things up in the future.
+   * @webref pimage:pixels
+   * @brief Updates the image with the data in its pixels[] array
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param x x-coordinate of the upper-left corner
+   * @param y y-coordinate of the upper-left corner
+   * @param w width
+   * @param h height
+   */
+  public void updatePixels(int x, int y, int w, int h) {  // ignore
+    int x2 = x + w;
+    int y2 = y + h;
+
+    if (!modified) {
+      mx1 = PApplet.max(0, x);
+      mx2 = PApplet.min(pixelWidth, x2);
+      my1 = PApplet.max(0, y);
+      my2 = PApplet.min(pixelHeight, y2);
+      modified = true;
+
+    } else {
+      if (x < mx1) mx1 = PApplet.max(0, x);
+      if (x > mx2) mx2 = PApplet.min(pixelWidth, x);
+      if (y < my1) my1 = PApplet.max(0, y);
+      if (y > my2) my2 = PApplet.min(pixelHeight, y);
+
+      if (x2 < mx1) mx1 = PApplet.max(0, x2);
+      if (x2 > mx2) mx2 = PApplet.min(pixelWidth, x2);
+      if (y2 < my1) my1 = PApplet.max(0, y2);
+      if (y2 > my2) my2 = PApplet.min(pixelHeight, y2);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // COPYING IMAGE DATA
+
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicate an image, returns new PImage object.
+   * The pixels[] array for the new object will be unique
+   * and recopied from the source image. This is implemented as an
+   * override of Object.clone(). We recommend using get() instead,
+   * because it prevents you from needing to catch the
+   * CloneNotSupportedException, and from doing a cast from the result.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  // ignore
+    return get();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_resize.xml )
+   *
+   * Resize the image to a new width and height. To make the image scale
+   * proportionally, use 0 as the value for the <b>wide</b> or <b>high</b>
+   * parameter. For instance, to make the width of an image 150 pixels, and
+   * change the height using the same proportion, use resize(150, 0).
+   * 
+   * Even though a PGraphics is technically a PImage, it is not possible to
+   * rescale the image data found in a PGraphics. (It's simply not possible
+   * to do this consistently across renderers: technically infeasible with
+   * P3D, or what would it even do with PDF?) If you want to resize PGraphics
+   * content, first get a copy of its image data using the <b>get()</b>
+   * method, and call <b>resize()</b> on the PImage that is returned.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * @webref pimage:method
+   * @brief Changes the size of an image to a new width and height
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param w the resized image width
+   * @param h the resized image height
+   * @see PImage#get(int, int, int, int)
+   */
+  public void resize(int w, int h) {  // ignore
+    throw new RuntimeException("resize() not implemented for this PImage type");
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // MARKING IMAGE AS LOADED / FOR USE IN RENDERERS
+
+
+  public boolean isLoaded() { // ignore
+    return loaded;
+  }
+
+
+  public void setLoaded() {  // ignore
+    loaded = true;
+  }
+
+
+  public void setLoaded(boolean l) {  // ignore
+    loaded = l;
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // GET/SET PIXELS
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_get.xml )
+   *
+   * Reads the color of any pixel or grabs a section of an image. If no
+   * parameters are specified, the entire image is returned. Use the <b>x</b>
+   * and <b>y</b> parameters to get the value of one pixel. Get a section of
+   * the display window by specifying an additional <b>width</b> and
+   * <b>height</b> parameter. When getting an image, the <b>x</b> and
+   * <b>y</b> parameters define the coordinates for the upper-left corner of
+   * the image, regardless of the current <b>imageMode()</b>.
+   * 
+   * If the pixel requested is outside of the image window, black is
+   * returned. The numbers returned are scaled according to the current color
+   * ranges, but only RGB values are returned by this function. For example,
+   * even though you may have drawn a shape with <b>colorMode(HSB)</b>, the
+   * numbers returned will be in RGB format.
+   * 
+   * Getting the color of a single pixel with <b>get(x, y)</b> is easy, but
+   * not as fast as grabbing the data directly from <b>pixels[]</b>. The
+   * equivalent statement to <b>get(x, y)</b> using <b>pixels[]</b> is
+   * <b>pixels[y*width+x]</b>. See the reference for <b>pixels[]</b> for more information.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Returns an ARGB "color" type (a packed 32 bit int with the color.
+   * If the coordinate is outside the image, zero is returned
+   * (black, but completely transparent).
+   * <P>
+   * If the image is in RGB format (i.e. on a PVideo object),
+   * the value will get its high bits set, just to avoid cases where
+   * they haven't been set already.
+   * <P>
+   * If the image is in ALPHA format, this returns a white with its
+   * alpha value set.
+   * <P>
+   * This function is included primarily for beginners. It is quite
+   * slow because it has to check to see if the x, y that was provided
+   * is inside the bounds, and then has to check to see what image
+   * type it is. If you want things to be more efficient, access the
+   * pixels[] array directly.
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @brief Reads the color of any pixel or grabs a rectangle of pixels
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param x x-coordinate of the pixel
+   * @param y y-coordinate of the pixel
+   * @see PApplet#set(int, int, int)
+   * @see PApplet#pixels
+   * @see PApplet#copy(PImage, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)
+   */
+  public int get(int x, int y) {
+    if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= pixelWidth) || (y >= pixelHeight)) return 0;
+
+    switch (format) {
+      case RGB:
+        return pixels[y*pixelWidth + x] | 0xff000000;
+
+      case ARGB:
+        return pixels[y*pixelWidth + x];
+
+      case ALPHA:
+        return (pixels[y*pixelWidth + x] << 24) | 0xffffff;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @param w width of pixel rectangle to get
+   * @param h height of pixel rectangle to get
+   */
+  public PImage get(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
+    int targetX = 0;
+    int targetY = 0;
+    int targetWidth = w;
+    int targetHeight = h;
+    boolean cropped = false;
+
+    if (x < 0) {
+      w += x; // x is negative, removes the left edge from the width
+      targetX = -x;
+      cropped = true;
+      x = 0;
+    }
+    if (y < 0) {
+      h += y; // y is negative, clip the number of rows
+      targetY = -y;
+      cropped = true;
+      y = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (x + w > pixelWidth) {
+      w = pixelWidth - x;
+      cropped = true;
+    }
+    if (y + h > pixelHeight) {
+      h = pixelHeight - y;
+      cropped = true;
+    }
+
+    if (w < 0) {
+      w = 0;
+    }
+    if (h < 0) {
+      h = 0;
+    }
+
+    int targetFormat = format;
+    if (cropped && format == RGB) {
+      targetFormat = ARGB;
+    }
+
+    PImage target = new PImage(targetWidth / pixelDensity,
+                               targetHeight / pixelDensity,
+                               targetFormat, pixelDensity);
+    target.parent = parent;  // parent may be null so can't use createImage()
+    if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
+      getImpl(x, y, w, h, target, targetX, targetY);
+    }
+    return target;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a copy of this PImage. Equivalent to get(0, 0, width, height).
+   * Deprecated, just use copy() instead.
+   */
+  public PImage get() {
+    // Formerly this used clone(), which caused memory problems.
+    // http://code.google.com/p/processing/issues/detail?id=42
+    return get(0, 0, pixelWidth, pixelHeight);
+  }
+
+
+  public PImage copy() {
+    return get(0, 0, pixelWidth, pixelHeight);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Internal function to actually handle getting a block of pixels that
+   * has already been properly cropped to a valid region. That is, x/y/w/h
+   * are guaranteed to be inside the image space, so the implementation can
+   * use the fastest possible pixel copying method.
+   */
+  protected void getImpl(int sourceX, int sourceY,
+                         int sourceWidth, int sourceHeight,
+                         PImage target, int targetX, int targetY) {
+    int sourceIndex = sourceY*pixelWidth + sourceX;
+    int targetIndex = targetY*target.pixelWidth + targetX;
+    for (int row = 0; row < sourceHeight; row++) {
+      System.arraycopy(pixels, sourceIndex, target.pixels, targetIndex, sourceWidth);
+      sourceIndex += pixelWidth;
+      targetIndex += target.pixelWidth;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_set.xml )
+   *
+   * Changes the color of any pixel or writes an image directly into the
+   * display window.
+   * 
+   * The <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> parameters specify the pixel to change and the
+   * <b>color</b> parameter specifies the color value. The color parameter is
+   * affected by the current color mode (the default is RGB values from 0 to
+   * 255). When setting an image, the <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> parameters define
+   * the coordinates for the upper-left corner of the image, regardless of
+   * the current <b>imageMode()</b>.
+   * 
+   * Setting the color of a single pixel with <b>set(x, y)</b> is easy, but
+   * not as fast as putting the data directly into <b>pixels[]</b>. The
+   * equivalent statement to <b>set(x, y, #000000)</b> using <b>pixels[]</b>
+   * is <b>pixels[y*width+x] = #000000</b>. See the reference for
+   * <b>pixels[]</b> for more information.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @brief writes a color to any pixel or writes an image into another
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param x x-coordinate of the pixel
+   * @param y y-coordinate of the pixel
+   * @param c any value of the color datatype
+   * @see PImage#get(int, int, int, int)
+   * @see PImage#pixels
+   * @see PImage#copy(PImage, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)
+   */
+  public void set(int x, int y, int c) {
+    if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= pixelWidth) || (y >= pixelHeight)) return;
+    pixels[y*pixelWidth + x] = c;
+    updatePixels(x, y, 1, 1);  // slow...
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Efficient method of drawing an image's pixels directly to this surface.
+   * No variations are employed, meaning that any scale, tint, or imageMode
+   * settings will be ignored.
+   *
+   * @param img image to copy into the original image
+   */
+  public void set(int x, int y, PImage img) {
+    int sx = 0;
+    int sy = 0;
+    int sw = img.pixelWidth;
+    int sh = img.pixelHeight;
+
+    if (x < 0) {  // off left edge
+      sx -= x;
+      sw += x;
+      x = 0;
+    }
+    if (y < 0) {  // off top edge
+      sy -= y;
+      sh += y;
+      y = 0;
+    }
+    if (x + sw > pixelWidth) {  // off right edge
+      sw = pixelWidth - x;
+    }
+    if (y + sh > pixelHeight) {  // off bottom edge
+      sh = pixelHeight - y;
+    }
+
+    // this could be nonexistent
+    if ((sw <= 0) || (sh <= 0)) return;
+
+    setImpl(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, x, y);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Internal function to actually handle setting a block of pixels that
+   * has already been properly cropped from the image to a valid region.
+   */
+  protected void setImpl(PImage sourceImage,
+                         int sourceX, int sourceY,
+                         int sourceWidth, int sourceHeight,
+                         int targetX, int targetY) {
+    int sourceOffset = sourceY * sourceImage.pixelWidth + sourceX;
+    int targetOffset = targetY * pixelWidth + targetX;
+
+    for (int y = sourceY; y < sourceY + sourceHeight; y++) {
+      System.arraycopy(sourceImage.pixels, sourceOffset, pixels, targetOffset, sourceWidth);
+      sourceOffset += sourceImage.pixelWidth;
+      targetOffset += pixelWidth;
+    }
+
+    //updatePixelsImpl(targetX, targetY, sourceWidth, sourceHeight);
+    updatePixels(targetX, targetY, sourceWidth, sourceHeight);
+  }
+
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // ALPHA CHANNEL
+
+
+  /**
+   * @param maskArray array of integers used as the alpha channel, needs to be
+   * the same length as the image's pixel array.
+   */
+  public void mask(int[] maskArray) {  // ignore
+    loadPixels();
+    // don't execute if mask image is different size
+    if (maskArray.length != pixels.length) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("mask() can only be used with an image that's the same size.");
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+      pixels[i] = ((maskArray[i] & 0xff) << 24) | (pixels[i] & 0xffffff);
+    }
+    format = ARGB;
+    updatePixels();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_mask.xml )
+   *
+   * Masks part of an image from displaying by loading another image and
+   * using it as an alpha channel. This mask image should only contain
+   * grayscale data, but only the blue color channel is used. The mask image
+   * needs to be the same size as the image to which it is applied.
+   * 
+   * In addition to using a mask image, an integer array containing the alpha
+   * channel data can be specified directly. This method is useful for
+   * creating dynamically generated alpha masks. This array must be of the
+   * same length as the target image's pixels array and should contain only
+   * grayscale data of values between 0-255.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   *
+   * Set alpha channel for an image. Black colors in the source
+   * image will make the destination image completely transparent,
+   * and white will make things fully opaque. Gray values will
+   * be in-between steps.
+   * <P>
+   * Strictly speaking the "blue" value from the source image is
+   * used as the alpha color. For a fully grayscale image, this
+   * is correct, but for a color image it's not 100% accurate.
+   * For a more accurate conversion, first use filter(GRAY)
+   * which will make the image into a "correct" grayscale by
+   * performing a proper luminance-based conversion.
+   *
+   * @webref pimage:method
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param img image to use as the mask
+   * @brief Masks part of an image with another image as an alpha channel
+   */
+  public void mask(PImage img) {
+    img.loadPixels();
+    mask(img.pixels);
+  }
+
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // IMAGE FILTERS
+
+
+  public void filter(int kind) {
+    loadPixels();
+
+    switch (kind) {
+      case BLUR:
+        // TODO write basic low-pass filter blur here
+        // what does photoshop do on the edges with this guy?
+        // better yet.. why bother? just use gaussian with radius 1
+        filter(BLUR, 1);
+        break;
+
+      case GRAY:
+        if (format == ALPHA) {
+          // for an alpha image, convert it to an opaque grayscale
+          for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+            int col = 255 - pixels[i];
+            pixels[i] = 0xff000000 | (col << 16) | (col << 8) | col;
+          }
+          format = RGB;
+
+        } else {
+          // Converts RGB image data into grayscale using
+          // weighted RGB components, and keeps alpha channel intact.
+          // [toxi 040115]
+          for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+            int col = pixels[i];
+            // luminance = 0.3*red + 0.59*green + 0.11*blue
+            // 0.30 * 256 =  77
+            // 0.59 * 256 = 151
+            // 0.11 * 256 =  28
+            int lum = (77*(col>>16&0xff) + 151*(col>>8&0xff) + 28*(col&0xff))>>8;
+            pixels[i] = (col & ALPHA_MASK) | lum<<16 | lum<<8 | lum;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case INVERT:
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+          //pixels[i] = 0xff000000 |
+          pixels[i] ^= 0xffffff;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case POSTERIZE:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(POSTERIZE, int levels) " +
+        "instead of filter(POSTERIZE)");
+
+      case OPAQUE:
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+          pixels[i] |= 0xff000000;
+        }
+        format = RGB;
+        break;
+
+      case THRESHOLD:
+        filter(THRESHOLD, 0.5f);
+        break;
+
+        // [toxi 050728] added new filters
+      case ERODE:
+        erode();  // former dilate(true);
+        break;
+
+      case DILATE:
+        dilate();  // former dilate(false);
+        break;
+    }
+    updatePixels();  // mark as modified
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_filter.xml )
+   *
+   * Filters an image as defined by one of the following modes:
+   * THRESHOLD - converts the image to black and white pixels depending if
+   * they are above or below the threshold defined by the level parameter.
+   * The level must be between 0.0 (black) and 1.0(white). If no level is
+   * specified, 0.5 is used.
+   * 
+   * GRAY - converts any colors in the image to grayscale equivalents
+   * 
+   * INVERT - sets each pixel to its inverse value
+   * 
+   * POSTERIZE - limits each channel of the image to the number of colors
+   * specified as the level parameter
+   * 
+   * BLUR - executes a Guassian blur with the level parameter specifying the
+   * extent of the blurring. If no level parameter is used, the blur is
+   * equivalent to Guassian blur of radius 1
+   * 
+   * OPAQUE - sets the alpha channel to entirely opaque
+   * 
+   * ERODE - reduces the light areas with the amount defined by the level
+   * parameter
+   * 
+   * DILATE - increases the light areas with the amount defined by the level parameter
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Method to apply a variety of basic filters to this image.
+   * <P>
+   * <UL>
+   * <LI>filter(BLUR) provides a basic blur.
+   * <LI>filter(GRAY) converts the image to grayscale based on luminance.
+   * <LI>filter(INVERT) will invert the color components in the image.
+   * <LI>filter(OPAQUE) set all the high bits in the image to opaque
+   * <LI>filter(THRESHOLD) converts the image to black and white.
+   * <LI>filter(DILATE) grow white/light areas
+   * <LI>filter(ERODE) shrink white/light areas
+   * </UL>
+   * Luminance conversion code contributed by
+   * <A HREF="http://www.toxi.co.uk">toxi</A>
+   * 
+   * Gaussian blur code contributed by
+   * <A HREF="http://incubator.quasimondo.com">Mario Klingemann</A>
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @brief Converts the image to grayscale or black and white
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param kind Either THRESHOLD, GRAY, OPAQUE, INVERT, POSTERIZE, BLUR, ERODE, or DILATE
+   * @param param unique for each, see above
+   */
+  public void filter(int kind, float param) {
+    loadPixels();
+
+    switch (kind) {
+      case BLUR:
+      switch (format) {
+        case ALPHA:
+          blurAlpha(param);
+          break;
+        case ARGB:
+          blurARGB(param);
+          break;
+        default:
+          blurRGB(param);
+          break;
+      }
+        break;
+
+
+      case GRAY:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(GRAY) instead of " +
+                                   "filter(GRAY, param)");
+
+      case INVERT:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(INVERT) instead of " +
+                                   "filter(INVERT, param)");
+
+      case OPAQUE:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(OPAQUE) instead of " +
+                                   "filter(OPAQUE, param)");
+
+      case POSTERIZE:
+        int levels = (int)param;
+        if ((levels < 2) || (levels > 255)) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Levels must be between 2 and 255 for " +
+                                     "filter(POSTERIZE, levels)");
+        }
+        int levels1 = levels - 1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+          int rlevel = (pixels[i] >> 16) & 0xff;
+          int glevel = (pixels[i] >> 8) & 0xff;
+          int blevel = pixels[i] & 0xff;
+          rlevel = (((rlevel * levels) >> 8) * 255) / levels1;
+          glevel = (((glevel * levels) >> 8) * 255) / levels1;
+          blevel = (((blevel * levels) >> 8) * 255) / levels1;
+          pixels[i] = ((0xff000000 & pixels[i]) |
+                       (rlevel << 16) |
+                       (glevel << 8) |
+                       blevel);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case THRESHOLD:  // greater than or equal to the threshold
+        int thresh = (int) (param * 255);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+          int max = Math.max((pixels[i] & RED_MASK) >> 16,
+                             Math.max((pixels[i] & GREEN_MASK) >> 8,
+                                      (pixels[i] & BLUE_MASK)));
+          pixels[i] = (pixels[i] & ALPHA_MASK) |
+            ((max < thresh) ? 0x000000 : 0xffffff);
+        }
+        break;
+
+        // [toxi20050728] added new filters
+        case ERODE:
+          throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(ERODE) instead of " +
+                                     "filter(ERODE, param)");
+        case DILATE:
+          throw new RuntimeException("Use filter(DILATE) instead of " +
+                                     "filter(DILATE, param)");
+    }
+    updatePixels();  // mark as modified
+  }
+
+
+  /** Set the high bits of all pixels to opaque. */
+  protected void opaque() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+      pixels[i] = 0xFF000000 | pixels[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Optimized code for building the blur kernel.
+   * further optimized blur code (approx. 15% for radius=20)
+   * bigger speed gains for larger radii (~30%)
+   * added support for various image types (ALPHA, RGB, ARGB)
+   * [toxi 050728]
+   */
+  protected void buildBlurKernel(float r) {
+    int radius = (int) (r * 3.5f);
+    radius = (radius < 1) ? 1 : ((radius < 248) ? radius : 248);
+    if (blurRadius != radius) {
+      blurRadius = radius;
+      blurKernelSize = 1 + blurRadius<<1;
+      blurKernel = new int[blurKernelSize];
+      blurMult = new int[blurKernelSize][256];
+
+      int bk,bki;
+      int[] bm,bmi;
+
+      for (int i = 1, radiusi = radius - 1; i < radius; i++) {
+        blurKernel[radius+i] = blurKernel[radiusi] = bki = radiusi * radiusi;
+        bm=blurMult[radius+i];
+        bmi=blurMult[radiusi--];
+        for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
+          bm[j] = bmi[j] = bki*j;
+      }
+      bk = blurKernel[radius] = radius * radius;
+      bm = blurMult[radius];
+      for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
+        bm[j] = bk*j;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  protected void blurAlpha(float r) {
+    int sum, cb;
+    int read, ri, ym, ymi, bk0;
+    int[] b2 = new int[pixels.length];
+    int yi = 0;
+
+    buildBlurKernel(r);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        //cb = cg = cr = sum = 0;
+        cb = sum = 0;
+        read = x - blurRadius;
+        if (read<0) {
+          bk0=-read;
+          read=0;
+        } else {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth)
+            break;
+          bk0=0;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth)
+            break;
+          int c = pixels[read + yi];
+          int[] bm = blurMult[i];
+          cb += bm[c & BLUE_MASK];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          read++;
+        }
+        ri = yi + x;
+        b2[ri] = cb / sum;
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+    }
+
+    yi = 0;
+    ym = -blurRadius;
+    ymi = ym * pixelWidth;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        cb = sum = 0;
+        if (ym < 0) {
+          bk0 = ri = -ym;
+          read = x;
+        } else {
+          if (ym >= pixelHeight)
+            break;
+          bk0 = 0;
+          ri = ym;
+          read = x + ymi;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (ri >= pixelHeight)
+            break;
+          int[] bm = blurMult[i];
+          cb += bm[b2[read]];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          ri++;
+          read += pixelWidth;
+        }
+        pixels[x+yi] = (cb/sum);
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+      ymi += pixelWidth;
+      ym++;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  protected void blurRGB(float r) {
+    int sum, cr, cg, cb; //, k;
+    int /*pixel,*/ read, ri, /*roff,*/ ym, ymi, /*riw,*/ bk0;
+    int[] r2 = new int[pixels.length];
+    int[] g2 = new int[pixels.length];
+    int[] b2 = new int[pixels.length];
+    int yi = 0;
+
+    buildBlurKernel(r);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        cb = cg = cr = sum = 0;
+        read = x - blurRadius;
+        if (read < 0) {
+          bk0 = -read;
+          read = 0;
+        } else {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth) {
+            break;
+          }
+          bk0 = 0;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth) {
+            break;
+          }
+          int c = pixels[read + yi];
+          int[] bm = blurMult[i];
+          cr += bm[(c & RED_MASK) >> 16];
+          cg += bm[(c & GREEN_MASK) >> 8];
+          cb += bm[c & BLUE_MASK];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          read++;
+        }
+        ri = yi + x;
+        r2[ri] = cr / sum;
+        g2[ri] = cg / sum;
+        b2[ri] = cb / sum;
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+    }
+
+    yi = 0;
+    ym = -blurRadius;
+    ymi = ym * pixelWidth;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        cb = cg = cr = sum = 0;
+        if (ym < 0) {
+          bk0 = ri = -ym;
+          read = x;
+        } else {
+          if (ym >= pixelHeight) {
+            break;
+          }
+          bk0 = 0;
+          ri = ym;
+          read = x + ymi;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (ri >= pixelHeight) {
+            break;
+          }
+          int[] bm = blurMult[i];
+          cr += bm[r2[read]];
+          cg += bm[g2[read]];
+          cb += bm[b2[read]];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          ri++;
+          read += pixelWidth;
+        }
+        pixels[x+yi] = 0xff000000 | (cr/sum)<<16 | (cg/sum)<<8 | (cb/sum);
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+      ymi += pixelWidth;
+      ym++;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  protected void blurARGB(float r) {
+    int sum, cr, cg, cb, ca;
+    int /*pixel,*/ read, ri, /*roff,*/ ym, ymi, /*riw,*/ bk0;
+    int wh = pixels.length;
+    int[] r2 = new int[wh];
+    int[] g2 = new int[wh];
+    int[] b2 = new int[wh];
+    int[] a2 = new int[wh];
+    int yi = 0;
+
+    buildBlurKernel(r);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        cb = cg = cr = ca = sum = 0;
+        read = x - blurRadius;
+        if (read < 0) {
+          bk0 = -read;
+          read = 0;
+        } else {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth) {
+            break;
+          }
+          bk0=0;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (read >= pixelWidth) {
+            break;
+          }
+          int c = pixels[read + yi];
+          int[] bm=blurMult[i];
+          ca += bm[(c & ALPHA_MASK) >>> 24];
+          cr += bm[(c & RED_MASK) >> 16];
+          cg += bm[(c & GREEN_MASK) >> 8];
+          cb += bm[c & BLUE_MASK];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          read++;
+        }
+        ri = yi + x;
+        a2[ri] = ca / sum;
+        r2[ri] = cr / sum;
+        g2[ri] = cg / sum;
+        b2[ri] = cb / sum;
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+    }
+
+    yi = 0;
+    ym = -blurRadius;
+    ymi = ym * pixelWidth;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++) {
+        cb = cg = cr = ca = sum = 0;
+        if (ym < 0) {
+          bk0 = ri = -ym;
+          read = x;
+        } else {
+          if (ym >= pixelHeight) {
+            break;
+          }
+          bk0 = 0;
+          ri = ym;
+          read = x + ymi;
+        }
+        for (int i = bk0; i < blurKernelSize; i++) {
+          if (ri >= pixelHeight) {
+            break;
+          }
+          int[] bm=blurMult[i];
+          ca += bm[a2[read]];
+          cr += bm[r2[read]];
+          cg += bm[g2[read]];
+          cb += bm[b2[read]];
+          sum += blurKernel[i];
+          ri++;
+          read += pixelWidth;
+        }
+        pixels[x+yi] = (ca/sum)<<24 | (cr/sum)<<16 | (cg/sum)<<8 | (cb/sum);
+      }
+      yi += pixelWidth;
+      ymi += pixelWidth;
+      ym++;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Generic dilate/erode filter using luminance values
+   * as decision factor. [toxi 050728]
+   */
+  protected void dilate() {  // formerly dilate(false)
+    int index = 0;
+    int maxIndex = pixels.length;
+    int[] outgoing = new int[maxIndex];
+
+    // erosion (grow light areas)
+    while (index < maxIndex) {
+      int curRowIndex = index;
+      int maxRowIndex = index + pixelWidth;
+      while (index < maxRowIndex) {
+        int orig = pixels[index];
+        int result = orig;
+        int idxLeft = index - 1;
+        int idxRight = index + 1;
+        int idxUp = index - pixelWidth;
+        int idxDown = index + pixelWidth;
+        if (idxLeft < curRowIndex) {
+          idxLeft = index;
+        }
+        if (idxRight >= maxRowIndex) {
+          idxRight = index;
+        }
+        if (idxUp < 0) {
+          idxUp = index;
+        }
+        if (idxDown >= maxIndex) {
+          idxDown = index;
+        }
+
+        int colUp = pixels[idxUp];
+        int colLeft = pixels[idxLeft];
+        int colDown = pixels[idxDown];
+        int colRight = pixels[idxRight];
+
+        // compute luminance
+        int currLum =
+          77*(orig>>16&0xff) + 151*(orig>>8&0xff) + 28*(orig&0xff);
+        int lumLeft =
+          77*(colLeft>>16&0xff) + 151*(colLeft>>8&0xff) + 28*(colLeft&0xff);
+        int lumRight =
+          77*(colRight>>16&0xff) + 151*(colRight>>8&0xff) + 28*(colRight&0xff);
+        int lumUp =
+          77*(colUp>>16&0xff) + 151*(colUp>>8&0xff) + 28*(colUp&0xff);
+        int lumDown =
+          77*(colDown>>16&0xff) + 151*(colDown>>8&0xff) + 28*(colDown&0xff);
+
+        if (lumLeft > currLum) {
+          result = colLeft;
+          currLum = lumLeft;
+        }
+        if (lumRight > currLum) {
+          result = colRight;
+          currLum = lumRight;
+        }
+        if (lumUp > currLum) {
+          result = colUp;
+          currLum = lumUp;
+        }
+        if (lumDown > currLum) {
+          result = colDown;
+          currLum = lumDown;
+        }
+        outgoing[index++] = result;
+      }
+    }
+    System.arraycopy(outgoing, 0, pixels, 0, maxIndex);
+  }
+
+
+  protected void erode() {  // formerly dilate(true)
+    int index = 0;
+    int maxIndex = pixels.length;
+    int[] outgoing = new int[maxIndex];
+
+    // dilate (grow dark areas)
+    while (index < maxIndex) {
+      int curRowIndex = index;
+      int maxRowIndex = index + pixelWidth;
+      while (index < maxRowIndex) {
+        int orig = pixels[index];
+        int result = orig;
+        int idxLeft = index - 1;
+        int idxRight = index + 1;
+        int idxUp = index - pixelWidth;
+        int idxDown = index + pixelWidth;
+        if (idxLeft < curRowIndex) {
+          idxLeft = index;
+        }
+        if (idxRight >= maxRowIndex) {
+          idxRight = index;
+        }
+        if (idxUp < 0) {
+          idxUp = index;
+        }
+        if (idxDown >= maxIndex) {
+          idxDown = index;
+        }
+
+        int colUp = pixels[idxUp];
+        int colLeft = pixels[idxLeft];
+        int colDown = pixels[idxDown];
+        int colRight = pixels[idxRight];
+
+        // compute luminance
+        int currLum =
+          77*(orig>>16&0xff) + 151*(orig>>8&0xff) + 28*(orig&0xff);
+        int lumLeft =
+          77*(colLeft>>16&0xff) + 151*(colLeft>>8&0xff) + 28*(colLeft&0xff);
+        int lumRight =
+          77*(colRight>>16&0xff) + 151*(colRight>>8&0xff) + 28*(colRight&0xff);
+        int lumUp =
+          77*(colUp>>16&0xff) + 151*(colUp>>8&0xff) + 28*(colUp&0xff);
+        int lumDown =
+          77*(colDown>>16&0xff) + 151*(colDown>>8&0xff) + 28*(colDown&0xff);
+
+        if (lumLeft < currLum) {
+          result = colLeft;
+          currLum = lumLeft;
+        }
+        if (lumRight < currLum) {
+          result = colRight;
+          currLum = lumRight;
+        }
+        if (lumUp < currLum) {
+          result = colUp;
+          currLum = lumUp;
+        }
+        if (lumDown < currLum) {
+          result = colDown;
+          currLum = lumDown;
+        }
+        outgoing[index++] = result;
+      }
+    }
+    System.arraycopy(outgoing, 0, pixels, 0, maxIndex);
+  }
+
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // COPY
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_copy.xml )
+   *
+   * Copies a region of pixels from one image into another. If the source and
+   * destination regions aren't the same size, it will automatically resize
+   * source pixels to fit the specified target region. No alpha information
+   * is used in the process, however if the source image has an alpha channel
+   * set, it will be copied as well.
+   * 
+   * As of release 0149, this function ignores <b>imageMode()</b>.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @brief Copies the entire image
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param sx X coordinate of the source's upper left corner
+   * @param sy Y coordinate of the source's upper left corner
+   * @param sw source image width
+   * @param sh source image height
+   * @param dx X coordinate of the destination's upper left corner
+   * @param dy Y coordinate of the destination's upper left corner
+   * @param dw destination image width
+   * @param dh destination image height
+   * @see PGraphics#alpha(int)
+   * @see PImage#blend(PImage, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)
+   */
+  public void copy(int sx, int sy, int sw, int sh,
+                   int dx, int dy, int dw, int dh) {
+    blend(this, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, REPLACE);
+  }
+
+
+/**
+ * @param src an image variable referring to the source image.
+ */
+  public void copy(PImage src,
+                   int sx, int sy, int sw, int sh,
+                   int dx, int dy, int dw, int dh) {
+    blend(src, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, REPLACE);
+  }
+
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // BLEND
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from blendColor.xml )
+   *
+   * Blends two color values together based on the blending mode given as the
+   * <b>MODE</b> parameter. The possible modes are described in the reference
+   * for the <b>blend()</b> function.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * <UL>
+   * <LI>REPLACE - destination colour equals colour of source pixel: C = A.
+   *     Sometimes called "Normal" or "Copy" in other software.
+   *
+   * <LI>BLEND - linear interpolation of colours:
+   *     <TT>C = A*factor + B</TT>
+   *
+   * <LI>ADD - additive blending with white clip:
+   *     <TT>C = min(A*factor + B, 255)</TT>.
+   *     Clipped to 0..255, Photoshop calls this "Linear Burn",
+   *     and Director calls it "Add Pin".
+   *
+   * <LI>SUBTRACT - substractive blend with black clip:
+   *     <TT>C = max(B - A*factor, 0)</TT>.
+   *     Clipped to 0..255, Photoshop calls this "Linear Dodge",
+   *     and Director calls it "Subtract Pin".
+   *
+   * <LI>DARKEST - only the darkest colour succeeds:
+   *     <TT>C = min(A*factor, B)</TT>.
+   *     Illustrator calls this "Darken".
+   *
+   * <LI>LIGHTEST - only the lightest colour succeeds:
+   *     <TT>C = max(A*factor, B)</TT>.
+   *     Illustrator calls this "Lighten".
+   *
+   * <LI>DIFFERENCE - subtract colors from underlying image.
+   *
+   * <LI>EXCLUSION - similar to DIFFERENCE, but less extreme.
+   *
+   * <LI>MULTIPLY - Multiply the colors, result will always be darker.
+   *
+   * <LI>SCREEN - Opposite multiply, uses inverse values of the colors.
+   *
+   * <LI>OVERLAY - A mix of MULTIPLY and SCREEN. Multiplies dark values,
+   *     and screens light values.
+   *
+   * <LI>HARD_LIGHT - SCREEN when greater than 50% gray, MULTIPLY when lower.
+   *
+   * <LI>SOFT_LIGHT - Mix of DARKEST and LIGHTEST.
+   *     Works like OVERLAY, but not as harsh.
+   *
+   * <LI>DODGE - Lightens light tones and increases contrast, ignores darks.
+   *     Called "Color Dodge" in Illustrator and Photoshop.
+   *
+   * <LI>BURN - Darker areas are applied, increasing contrast, ignores lights.
+   *     Called "Color Burn" in Illustrator and Photoshop.
+   * </UL>
+   * <P>A useful reference for blending modes and their algorithms can be
+   * found in the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG12/rendering.html">SVG</A>
+   * specification.</P>
+   * <P>It is important to note that Processing uses "fast" code, not
+   * necessarily "correct" code. No biggie, most software does. A nitpicker
+   * can find numerous "off by 1 division" problems in the blend code where
+   * <TT>&gt;&gt;8</TT> or <TT>&gt;&gt;7</TT> is used when strictly speaking
+   * <TT>/255.0</TT> or <TT>/127.0</TT> should have been used.</P>
+   * <P>For instance, exclusion (not intended for real-time use) reads
+   * <TT>r1 + r2 - ((2 * r1 * r2) / 255)</TT> because <TT>255 == 1.0</TT>
+   * not <TT>256 == 1.0</TT>. In other words, <TT>(255*255)>>8</TT> is not
+   * the same as <TT>(255*255)/255</TT>. But for real-time use the shifts
+   * are preferrable, and the difference is insignificant for applications
+   * built with Processing.</P>
+   *
+   * @webref color:creating_reading
+   * @usage web_application
+   * @param c1 the first color to blend
+   * @param c2 the second color to blend
+   * @param mode either BLEND, ADD, SUBTRACT, DARKEST, LIGHTEST, DIFFERENCE, EXCLUSION, MULTIPLY, SCREEN, OVERLAY, HARD_LIGHT, SOFT_LIGHT, DODGE, or BURN
+   * @see PImage#blend(PImage, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)
+   * @see PApplet#color(float, float, float, float)
+   */
+  static public int blendColor(int c1, int c2, int mode) {  // ignore
+    switch (mode) {
+    case REPLACE:    return c2;
+    case BLEND:      return blend_blend(c1, c2);
+
+    case ADD:        return blend_add_pin(c1, c2);
+    case SUBTRACT:   return blend_sub_pin(c1, c2);
+
+    case LIGHTEST:   return blend_lightest(c1, c2);
+    case DARKEST:    return blend_darkest(c1, c2);
+
+    case DIFFERENCE: return blend_difference(c1, c2);
+    case EXCLUSION:  return blend_exclusion(c1, c2);
+
+    case MULTIPLY:   return blend_multiply(c1, c2);
+    case SCREEN:     return blend_screen(c1, c2);
+
+    case HARD_LIGHT: return blend_hard_light(c1, c2);
+    case SOFT_LIGHT: return blend_soft_light(c1, c2);
+    case OVERLAY:    return blend_overlay(c1, c2);
+
+    case DODGE:      return blend_dodge(c1, c2);
+    case BURN:       return blend_burn(c1, c2);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+
+  public void blend(int sx, int sy, int sw, int sh,
+                    int dx, int dy, int dw, int dh, int mode) {
+    blend(this, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_blend.xml )
+   *
+   * Blends a region of pixels into the image specified by the <b>img</b>
+   * parameter. These copies utilize full alpha channel support and a choice
+   * of the following modes to blend the colors of source pixels (A) with the
+   * ones of pixels in the destination image (B):
+   * 
+   * BLEND - linear interpolation of colours: C = A*factor + B
+   * 
+   * ADD - additive blending with white clip: C = min(A*factor + B, 255)
+   * 
+   * SUBTRACT - subtractive blending with black clip: C = max(B - A*factor,
+   * 0)
+   * 
+   * DARKEST - only the darkest colour succeeds: C = min(A*factor, B)
+   * 
+   * LIGHTEST - only the lightest colour succeeds: C = max(A*factor, B)
+   * 
+   * DIFFERENCE - subtract colors from underlying image.
+   * 
+   * EXCLUSION - similar to DIFFERENCE, but less extreme.
+   * 
+   * MULTIPLY - Multiply the colors, result will always be darker.
+   * 
+   * SCREEN - Opposite multiply, uses inverse values of the colors.
+   * 
+   * OVERLAY - A mix of MULTIPLY and SCREEN. Multiplies dark values,
+   * and screens light values.
+   * 
+   * HARD_LIGHT - SCREEN when greater than 50% gray, MULTIPLY when lower.
+   * 
+   * SOFT_LIGHT - Mix of DARKEST and LIGHTEST.
+   * Works like OVERLAY, but not as harsh.
+   * 
+   * DODGE - Lightens light tones and increases contrast, ignores darks.
+   * Called "Color Dodge" in Illustrator and Photoshop.
+   * 
+   * BURN - Darker areas are applied, increasing contrast, ignores lights.
+   * Called "Color Burn" in Illustrator and Photoshop.
+   * 
+   * All modes use the alpha information (highest byte) of source image
+   * pixels as the blending factor. If the source and destination regions are
+   * different sizes, the image will be automatically resized to match the
+   * destination size. If the <b>srcImg</b> parameter is not used, the
+   * display window is used as the source image.
+   * 
+   * As of release 0149, this function ignores <b>imageMode()</b>.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   *
+   * @webref image:pixels
+   * @brief  Copies a pixel or rectangle of pixels using different blending modes
+   * @param src an image variable referring to the source image
+   * @param sx X coordinate of the source's upper left corner
+   * @param sy Y coordinate of the source's upper left corner
+   * @param sw source image width
+   * @param sh source image height
+   * @param dx X coordinate of the destinations's upper left corner
+   * @param dy Y coordinate of the destinations's upper left corner
+   * @param dw destination image width
+   * @param dh destination image height
+   * @param mode Either BLEND, ADD, SUBTRACT, LIGHTEST, DARKEST, DIFFERENCE, EXCLUSION, MULTIPLY, SCREEN, OVERLAY, HARD_LIGHT, SOFT_LIGHT, DODGE, BURN
+   *
+   * @see PApplet#alpha(int)
+   * @see PImage#copy(PImage, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)
+   * @see PImage#blendColor(int,int,int)
+   */
+  public void blend(PImage src,
+                    int sx, int sy, int sw, int sh,
+                    int dx, int dy, int dw, int dh, int mode) {
+    int sx2 = sx + sw;
+    int sy2 = sy + sh;
+    int dx2 = dx + dw;
+    int dy2 = dy + dh;
+
+    loadPixels();
+    if (src == this) {
+      if (intersect(sx, sy, sx2, sy2, dx, dy, dx2, dy2)) {
+        blit_resize(get(sx, sy, sw, sh),
+                    0, 0, sw, sh,
+                    pixels, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, dx, dy, dx2, dy2, mode);
+      } else {
+        // same as below, except skip the loadPixels() because it'd be redundant
+        blit_resize(src, sx, sy, sx2, sy2,
+                    pixels, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, dx, dy, dx2, dy2, mode);
+      }
+    } else {
+      src.loadPixels();
+      blit_resize(src, sx, sy, sx2, sy2,
+                  pixels, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, dx, dy, dx2, dy2, mode);
+      //src.updatePixels();
+    }
+    updatePixels();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Check to see if two rectangles intersect one another
+   */
+  private boolean intersect(int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
+                            int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2) {
+    int sw = sx2 - sx1 + 1;
+    int sh = sy2 - sy1 + 1;
+    int dw = dx2 - dx1 + 1;
+    int dh = dy2 - dy1 + 1;
+
+    if (dx1 < sx1) {
+      dw += dx1 - sx1;
+      if (dw > sw) {
+        dw = sw;
+      }
+    } else {
+      int w = sw + sx1 - dx1;
+      if (dw > w) {
+        dw = w;
+      }
+    }
+    if (dy1 < sy1) {
+      dh += dy1 - sy1;
+      if (dh > sh) {
+        dh = sh;
+      }
+    } else {
+      int h = sh + sy1 - dy1;
+      if (dh > h) {
+        dh = h;
+      }
+    }
+    return !(dw <= 0 || dh <= 0);
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+  /**
+   * Internal blitter/resizer/copier from toxi.
+   * Uses bilinear filtering if smooth() has been enabled
+   * 'mode' determines the blending mode used in the process.
+   */
+  private void blit_resize(PImage img,
+                           int srcX1, int srcY1, int srcX2, int srcY2,
+                           int[] destPixels, int screenW, int screenH,
+                           int destX1, int destY1, int destX2, int destY2,
+                           int mode) {
+    if (srcX1 < 0) srcX1 = 0;
+    if (srcY1 < 0) srcY1 = 0;
+    if (srcX2 > img.pixelWidth) srcX2 = img.pixelWidth;
+    if (srcY2 > img.pixelHeight) srcY2 = img.pixelHeight;
+
+    int srcW = srcX2 - srcX1;
+    int srcH = srcY2 - srcY1;
+    int destW = destX2 - destX1;
+    int destH = destY2 - destY1;
+
+    boolean smooth = true;  // may as well go with the smoothing these days
+
+    if (!smooth) {
+      srcW++; srcH++;
+    }
+
+    if (destW <= 0 || destH <= 0 ||
+        srcW <= 0 || srcH <= 0 ||
+        destX1 >= screenW || destY1 >= screenH ||
+        srcX1 >= img.pixelWidth || srcY1 >= img.pixelHeight) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    int dx = (int) (srcW / (float) destW * PRECISIONF);
+    int dy = (int) (srcH / (float) destH * PRECISIONF);
+
+    srcXOffset = destX1 < 0 ? -destX1 * dx : srcX1 * PRECISIONF;
+    srcYOffset = destY1 < 0 ? -destY1 * dy : srcY1 * PRECISIONF;
+
+    if (destX1 < 0) {
+      destW += destX1;
+      destX1 = 0;
+    }
+    if (destY1 < 0) {
+      destH += destY1;
+      destY1 = 0;
+    }
+
+    destW = min(destW, screenW - destX1);
+    destH = min(destH, screenH - destY1);
+
+    int destOffset = destY1 * screenW + destX1;
+    srcBuffer = img.pixels;
+
+    if (smooth) {
+      // use bilinear filtering
+      iw = img.pixelWidth;
+      iw1 = img.pixelWidth - 1;
+      ih1 = img.pixelHeight - 1;
+
+      switch (mode) {
+
+      case BLEND:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            // davbol  - renamed old blend_multiply to blend_blend
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_blend(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case ADD:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_add_pin(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SUBTRACT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_sub_pin(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case LIGHTEST:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_lightest(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case DARKEST:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_darkest(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case REPLACE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] = filter_bilinear();
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case DIFFERENCE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_difference(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case EXCLUSION:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_exclusion(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case MULTIPLY:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_multiply(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SCREEN:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_screen(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case OVERLAY:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_overlay(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case HARD_LIGHT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_hard_light(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SOFT_LIGHT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_soft_light(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      // davbol - proposed 2007-01-09
+      case DODGE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_dodge(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case BURN:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          filter_new_scanline();
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_burn(destPixels[destOffset + x], filter_bilinear());
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // nearest neighbour scaling (++fast!)
+      switch (mode) {
+
+      case BLEND:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            // davbol - renamed old blend_multiply to blend_blend
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_blend(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                          srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case ADD:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_add_pin(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SUBTRACT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_sub_pin(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case LIGHTEST:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_lightest(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                             srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case DARKEST:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_darkest(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case REPLACE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] = srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)];
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case DIFFERENCE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_difference(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                               srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case EXCLUSION:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_exclusion(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                              srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case MULTIPLY:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_multiply(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SCREEN:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_screen(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case OVERLAY:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_overlay(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case HARD_LIGHT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_hard_light(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case SOFT_LIGHT:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_soft_light(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      // davbol - proposed 2007-01-09
+      case DODGE:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_dodge(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case BURN:
+        for (int y = 0; y < destH; y++) {
+          sX = srcXOffset;
+          sY = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * img.pixelWidth;
+          for (int x = 0; x < destW; x++) {
+            destPixels[destOffset + x] =
+              blend_burn(destPixels[destOffset + x],
+                            srcBuffer[sY + (sX >> PRECISIONB)]);
+            sX += dx;
+          }
+          destOffset += screenW;
+          srcYOffset += dy;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private void filter_new_scanline() {
+    sX = srcXOffset;
+    fracV = srcYOffset & PREC_MAXVAL;
+    ifV = PREC_MAXVAL - fracV + 1;
+    v1 = (srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) * iw;
+    v2 = min((srcYOffset >> PRECISIONB) + 1, ih1) * iw;
+  }
+
+
+  private int filter_bilinear() {
+    fracU = sX & PREC_MAXVAL;
+    ifU = PREC_MAXVAL - fracU + 1;
+    ul = (ifU * ifV) >> PRECISIONB;
+    ll = ifU - ul;
+    ur = ifV - ul;
+    lr = PREC_MAXVAL + 1 - ul - ll - ur;
+    u1 = (sX >> PRECISIONB);
+    u2 = min(u1 + 1, iw1);
+
+    // get color values of the 4 neighbouring texels
+    cUL = srcBuffer[v1 + u1];
+    cUR = srcBuffer[v1 + u2];
+    cLL = srcBuffer[v2 + u1];
+    cLR = srcBuffer[v2 + u2];
+
+    r = ((ul*((cUL&RED_MASK)>>16) + ll*((cLL&RED_MASK)>>16) +
+          ur*((cUR&RED_MASK)>>16) + lr*((cLR&RED_MASK)>>16))
+         << PREC_RED_SHIFT) & RED_MASK;
+
+    g = ((ul*(cUL&GREEN_MASK) + ll*(cLL&GREEN_MASK) +
+          ur*(cUR&GREEN_MASK) + lr*(cLR&GREEN_MASK))
+         >>> PRECISIONB) & GREEN_MASK;
+
+    b = (ul*(cUL&BLUE_MASK) + ll*(cLL&BLUE_MASK) +
+         ur*(cUR&BLUE_MASK) + lr*(cLR&BLUE_MASK))
+           >>> PRECISIONB;
+
+    a = ((ul*((cUL&ALPHA_MASK)>>>24) + ll*((cLL&ALPHA_MASK)>>>24) +
+          ur*((cUR&ALPHA_MASK)>>>24) + lr*((cLR&ALPHA_MASK)>>>24))
+         << PREC_ALPHA_SHIFT) & ALPHA_MASK;
+
+    return a | r | g | b;
+  }
+
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // internal blending methods
+
+
+  private static int min(int a, int b) {
+    return (a < b) ? a : b;
+  }
+
+
+  private static int max(int a, int b) {
+    return (a > b) ? a : b;
+  }
+
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // BLEND MODE IMPLEMENTATIONS
+
+  /*
+   * Jakub Valtar
+   *
+   * All modes use SRC alpha to interpolate between DST and the result of
+   * the operation:
+   *
+   * R = (1 - SRC_ALPHA) * DST + SRC_ALPHA * <RESULT OF THE OPERATION>
+   *
+   * Comments above each mode only specify the formula of its operation.
+   *
+   * These implementations treat alpha 127 (=255/2) as a perfect 50 % mix.
+   *
+   * One alpha value between 126 and 127 is intentionally left out,
+   * so the step 126 -> 127 is twice as big compared to other steps.
+   * This is because our colors are in 0..255 range, but we divide
+   * by right shifting 8 places (=256) which is much faster than
+   * (correct) float division by 255.0f. The missing value was placed
+   * between 126 and 127, because limits of the range (near 0 and 255) and
+   * the middle value (127) have to blend correctly.
+   *
+   * Below you will often see RED and BLUE channels (RB) manipulated together
+   * and GREEN channel (GN) manipulated separately. It is sometimes possible
+   * because the operation won't use more than 16 bits, so we process the RED
+   * channel in the upper 16 bits and BLUE channel in the lower 16 bits. This
+   * decreases the number of operations per pixel and thus makes things faster.
+   *
+   * Some of the modes are hand tweaked (various +1s etc.) to be more accurate
+   * and to produce correct values in extremes. Below is a sketch you can use
+   * to check any blending function for
+   *
+   * 1) Discrepancies between color channels:
+   *    - highlighted by the offending color
+   * 2) Behavior at extremes (set colorCount to 256):
+   *    - values of all corners are printed to the console
+   * 3) Rounding errors:
+   *    - set colorCount to lower value to better see color bands
+   *
+
+// use powers of 2 in range 2..256
+// to better see color bands
+final int colorCount = 256;
+
+final int blockSize = 3;
+
+void settings() {
+  size(blockSize * 256, blockSize * 256);
+}
+
+void setup() { }
+
+void draw() {
+  noStroke();
+  colorMode(RGB, colorCount-1);
+  int alpha = (mouseX / blockSize) << 24;
+  int r, g, b, r2, g2, b2 = 0;
+  for (int x = 0; x <= 0xFF; x++) {
+    for (int y = 0; y <= 0xFF; y++) {
+      int dst = (x << 16) | (x << 8) | x;
+      int src = (y << 16) | (y << 8) | y | alpha;
+      int result = testFunction(dst, src);
+      r = r2 = (result >> 16 & 0xFF);
+      g = g2 = (result >>  8 & 0xFF);
+      b = b2 = (result >>  0 & 0xFF);
+      if (r != g && r != b) r2 = (128 + r2) % 255;
+      if (g != r && g != b) g2 = (128 + g2) % 255;
+      if (b != r && b != g) b2 = (128 + b2) % 255;
+      fill(r2 % colorCount, g2 % colorCount, b2 % colorCount);
+      rect(x * blockSize, y * blockSize, blockSize, blockSize);
+    }
+  }
+  println(
+    "alpha:", mouseX/blockSize,
+    "TL:", hex(get(0, 0)),
+    "TR:", hex(get(width-1, 0)),
+    "BR:", hex(get(width-1, height-1)),
+    "BL:", hex(get(0, height-1)));
+}
+
+int testFunction(int dst, int src) {
+  // your function here
+  return dst;
+}
+
+   *
+   *
+   */
+
+  private static final int RB_MASK = 0x00FF00FF;
+  private static final int GN_MASK = 0x0000FF00;
+
+  /**
+   * Blend
+   * O = S
+   */
+  private static int blend_blend(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + (src & RB_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + (src & GN_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Add
+   * O = MIN(D + S, 1)
+   */
+  private static int blend_add_pin(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+
+    int rb = (dst & RB_MASK) + ((src & RB_MASK) * s_a >>> 8 & RB_MASK);
+    int gn = (dst & GN_MASK) + ((src & GN_MASK) * s_a >>> 8);
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        min(rb & 0xFFFF0000, RED_MASK)   |
+        min(gn & 0x00FFFF00, GREEN_MASK) |
+        min(rb & 0x0000FFFF, BLUE_MASK);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Subtract
+   * O = MAX(0, D - S)
+   */
+  private static int blend_sub_pin(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+
+    int rb = ((src & RB_MASK)    * s_a >>> 8);
+    int gn = ((src & GREEN_MASK) * s_a >>> 8);
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        max((dst & RED_MASK)   - (rb & RED_MASK), 0) |
+        max((dst & GREEN_MASK) - (gn & GREEN_MASK), 0) |
+        max((dst & BLUE_MASK)  - (rb & BLUE_MASK), 0);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Lightest
+   * O = MAX(D, S)
+   */
+  private static int blend_lightest(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int rb = max(src & RED_MASK,   dst & RED_MASK) |
+             max(src & BLUE_MASK,  dst & BLUE_MASK);
+    int gn = max(src & GREEN_MASK, dst & GREEN_MASK);
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Darkest
+   * O = MIN(D, S)
+   */
+  private static int blend_darkest(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int rb = min(src & RED_MASK,   dst & RED_MASK) |
+             min(src & BLUE_MASK,  dst & BLUE_MASK);
+    int gn = min(src & GREEN_MASK, dst & GREEN_MASK);
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Difference
+   * O = ABS(D - S)
+   */
+  private static int blend_difference(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int r = (dst & RED_MASK)   - (src & RED_MASK);
+    int b = (dst & BLUE_MASK)  - (src & BLUE_MASK);
+    int g = (dst & GREEN_MASK) - (src & GREEN_MASK);
+
+    int rb = (r < 0 ? -r : r) |
+             (b < 0 ? -b : b);
+    int gn = (g < 0 ? -g : g);
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Exclusion
+   * O = (1 - S)D + S(1 - D)
+   * O = D + S - 2DS
+   */
+  private static int blend_exclusion(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_rb = dst & RB_MASK;
+    int d_gn = dst & GN_MASK;
+
+    int s_gn = src & GN_MASK;
+
+    int f_r = (dst & RED_MASK) >> 16;
+    int f_b = (dst & BLUE_MASK);
+
+    int rb_sub =
+        ((src & RED_MASK) * (f_r + (f_r >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0)) |
+        (src & BLUE_MASK) * (f_b + (f_b >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0)))
+        >>> 7 & 0x01FF01FF;
+    int gn_sub = s_gn * (d_gn + (d_gn >= 0x7F00 ? 0x100 : 0))
+        >>> 15 & 0x0001FF00;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        (d_rb * d_a + (d_rb + (src & RB_MASK) - rb_sub) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        (d_gn * d_a + (d_gn + s_gn            - gn_sub) * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /*
+   * Multiply
+   * O = DS
+   */
+  private static int blend_multiply(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_gn = dst & GN_MASK;
+
+    int f_r = (dst & RED_MASK) >> 16;
+    int f_b = (dst & BLUE_MASK);
+
+    int rb =
+        ((src & RED_MASK)  * (f_r + 1) |
+        (src & BLUE_MASK)  * (f_b + 1))
+        >>>  8 & RB_MASK;
+    int gn =
+        (src & GREEN_MASK) * (d_gn + 0x100)
+        >>> 16 & GN_MASK;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        (d_gn            * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Screen
+   * O = 1 - (1 - D)(1 - S)
+   * O = D + S - DS
+   */
+  private static int blend_screen(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_rb = dst & RB_MASK;
+    int d_gn = dst & GN_MASK;
+
+    int s_gn = src & GN_MASK;
+
+    int f_r = (dst & RED_MASK) >> 16;
+    int f_b = (dst & BLUE_MASK);
+
+    int rb_sub =
+        ((src & RED_MASK) * (f_r + 1) |
+        (src & BLUE_MASK) * (f_b + 1))
+        >>>  8 & RB_MASK;
+    int gn_sub = s_gn * (d_gn + 0x100)
+        >>> 16 & GN_MASK;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        (d_rb * d_a + (d_rb + (src & RB_MASK) - rb_sub) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        (d_gn * d_a + (d_gn + s_gn            - gn_sub) * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Overlay
+   * O = 2 * MULTIPLY(D, S) = 2DS                   for D < 0.5
+   * O = 2 * SCREEN(D, S) - 1 = 2(S + D - DS) - 1   otherwise
+   */
+  private static int blend_overlay(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_r = dst & RED_MASK;
+    int d_g = dst & GREEN_MASK;
+    int d_b = dst & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int s_r = src & RED_MASK;
+    int s_g = src & GREEN_MASK;
+    int s_b = src & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int r = (d_r < 0x800000) ?
+        d_r * ((s_r >>> 16) + 1) >>> 7 :
+        0xFF0000 - ((0x100 - (s_r >>> 16)) * (RED_MASK - d_r) >>> 7);
+    int g = (d_g < 0x8000) ?
+        d_g * (s_g + 0x100) >>> 15 :
+        (0xFF00 - ((0x10000 - s_g) * (GREEN_MASK - d_g) >>> 15));
+    int b = (d_b < 0x80) ?
+        d_b * (s_b + 1) >>> 7 :
+        (0xFF00 - ((0x100 - s_b) * (BLUE_MASK - d_b) << 1)) >>> 8;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + ((r | b) & RB_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + (g       & GN_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Hard Light
+   * O = OVERLAY(S, D)
+   *
+   * O = 2 * MULTIPLY(D, S) = 2DS                   for S < 0.5
+   * O = 2 * SCREEN(D, S) - 1 = 2(S + D - DS) - 1   otherwise
+   */
+  private static int blend_hard_light(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_r = dst & RED_MASK;
+    int d_g = dst & GREEN_MASK;
+    int d_b = dst & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int s_r = src & RED_MASK;
+    int s_g = src & GREEN_MASK;
+    int s_b = src & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int r = (s_r < 0x800000) ?
+        s_r * ((d_r >>> 16) + 1) >>> 7 :
+        0xFF0000 - ((0x100 - (d_r >>> 16)) * (RED_MASK - s_r) >>> 7);
+    int g = (s_g < 0x8000) ?
+        s_g * (d_g + 0x100) >>> 15 :
+        (0xFF00 - ((0x10000 - d_g) * (GREEN_MASK - s_g) >>> 15));
+    int b = (s_b < 0x80) ?
+        s_b * (d_b + 1) >>> 7 :
+        (0xFF00 - ((0x100 - d_b) * (BLUE_MASK - s_b) << 1)) >>> 8;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + ((r | b) & RB_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + (g       & GN_MASK) * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Soft Light (Pegtop)
+   * O = (1 - D) * MULTIPLY(D, S) + D * SCREEN(D, S)
+   * O = (1 - D) * DS + D * (1 - (1 - D)(1 - S))
+   * O = 2DS + DD - 2DDS
+   */
+  private static int blend_soft_light(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int d_r = dst & RED_MASK;
+    int d_g = dst & GREEN_MASK;
+    int d_b = dst & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int s_r1 = src & RED_MASK >> 16;
+    int s_g1 = src & GREEN_MASK >> 8;
+    int s_b1 = src & BLUE_MASK;
+
+    int d_r1 = (d_r >> 16) + (s_r1 < 7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_g1 = (d_g >> 8)  + (s_g1 < 7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_b1 = d_b         + (s_b1 < 7F ? 1 : 0);
+
+    int r = (s_r1 * d_r >> 7) + 0xFF * d_r1 * (d_r1 + 1) -
+        ((s_r1 * d_r1 * d_r1) << 1) & RED_MASK;
+    int g = (s_g1 * d_g << 1) + 0xFF * d_g1 * (d_g1 + 1) -
+        ((s_g1 * d_g1 * d_g1) << 1) >>> 8 & GREEN_MASK;
+    int b = (s_b1 * d_b << 9) + 0xFF * d_b1 * (d_b1 + 1) -
+        ((s_b1 * d_b1 * d_b1) << 1) >>> 16;
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + (r | b) * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + g       * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Dodge
+   * O = D / (1 - S)
+   */
+  private static int blend_dodge(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int r = (dst & RED_MASK)          / (256 - ((src & RED_MASK) >> 16));
+    int g = ((dst & GREEN_MASK) << 8) / (256 - ((src & GREEN_MASK) >> 8));
+    int b = ((dst & BLUE_MASK)  << 8) / (256 - (src & BLUE_MASK));
+
+    int rb =
+        (r > 0xFF00 ? 0xFF0000 : ((r << 8) & RED_MASK)) |
+        (b > 0x00FF ? 0x0000FF : b);
+    int gn =
+        (g > 0xFF00 ? 0x00FF00 : (g & GREEN_MASK));
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Burn
+   * O = 1 - (1 - A) / B
+   */
+  private static int blend_burn(int dst, int src) {
+    int a = src >>> 24;
+
+    int s_a = a + (a >= 0x7F ? 1 : 0);
+    int d_a = 0x100 - s_a;
+
+    int r = ((0xFF0000 - (dst & RED_MASK)))        / (1 + (src & RED_MASK >> 16));
+    int g = ((0x00FF00 - (dst & GREEN_MASK)) << 8) / (1 + (src & GREEN_MASK >> 8));
+    int b = ((0x0000FF - (dst & BLUE_MASK))  << 8) / (1 + (src & BLUE_MASK));
+
+    int rb = RB_MASK -
+        (r > 0xFF00 ? 0xFF0000 : ((r << 8) & RED_MASK)) -
+        (b > 0x00FF ? 0x0000FF : b);
+    int gn = GN_MASK -
+        (g > 0xFF00 ? 0x00FF00 : (g & GREEN_MASK));
+
+    return min((dst >>> 24) + a, 0xFF) << 24 |
+        ((dst & RB_MASK) * d_a + rb * s_a) >>> 8 & RB_MASK |
+        ((dst & GN_MASK) * d_a + gn * s_a) >>> 8 & GN_MASK;
+  }
+
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // FILE I/O
+
+
+  protected boolean saveImpl(String filename) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  static public PImage loadTIFF(InputStream input) {  // ignore
+    byte tiff[] = PApplet.loadBytes(input);
+
+    if ((tiff[42] != tiff[102]) ||  // width/height in both places
+        (tiff[43] != tiff[103])) {
+      System.err.println(TIFF_ERROR);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    int width =
+      ((tiff[30] & 0xff) << 8) | (tiff[31] & 0xff);
+    int height =
+      ((tiff[42] & 0xff) << 8) | (tiff[43] & 0xff);
+
+    int count =
+      ((tiff[114] & 0xff) << 24) |
+      ((tiff[115] & 0xff) << 16) |
+      ((tiff[116] & 0xff) << 8) |
+      (tiff[117] & 0xff);
+    if (count != width * height * 3) {
+      System.err.println(TIFF_ERROR + " (" + width + ", " + height +")");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // check the rest of the header
+    for (int i = 0; i < TIFF_HEADER.length; i++) {
+      if ((i == 30) || (i == 31) || (i == 42) || (i == 43) ||
+          (i == 102) || (i == 103) ||
+          (i == 114) || (i == 115) || (i == 116) || (i == 117)) continue;
+
+      if (tiff[i] != TIFF_HEADER[i]) {
+        System.err.println(TIFF_ERROR + " (" + i + ")");
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PImage outgoing = new PImage(width, height, RGB);
+    int index = 768;
+    count /= 3;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      outgoing.pixels[i] =
+        0xFF000000 |
+        (tiff[index++] & 0xff) << 16 |
+        (tiff[index++] & 0xff) << 8 |
+        (tiff[index++] & 0xff);
+    }
+    return outgoing;
+  }
+
+  protected boolean saveTIFF(OutputStream output) {
+    // shutting off the warning, people can figure this out themselves
+    /*
+    if (format != RGB) {
+      System.err.println("Warning: only RGB information is saved with " +
+                         ".tif files. Use .tga or .png for ARGB images and others.");
+    }
+    */
+    try {
+      byte[] tiff = new byte[768];
+      System.arraycopy(TIFF_HEADER, 0, tiff, 0, TIFF_HEADER.length);
+
+      tiff[30] = (byte) ((pixelWidth >> 8) & 0xff);
+      tiff[31] = (byte) ((pixelWidth) & 0xff);
+      tiff[42] = tiff[102] = (byte) ((pixelHeight >> 8) & 0xff);
+      tiff[43] = tiff[103] = (byte) ((pixelHeight) & 0xff);
+
+      int count = pixelWidth*pixelHeight*3;
+      tiff[114] = (byte) ((count >> 24) & 0xff);
+      tiff[115] = (byte) ((count >> 16) & 0xff);
+      tiff[116] = (byte) ((count >> 8) & 0xff);
+      tiff[117] = (byte) ((count) & 0xff);
+
+      // spew the header to the disk
+      output.write(tiff);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+        output.write((pixels[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
+        output.write((pixels[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
+        output.write(pixels[i] & 0xff);
+      }
+      output.flush();
+      return true;
+
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Targa image loader for RLE-compressed TGA files.
+   * <p>
+   * Rewritten for 0115 to read/write RLE-encoded targa images.
+   * For 0125, non-RLE encoded images are now supported, along with
+   * images whose y-order is reversed (which is standard for TGA files).
+   * <p>
+   * A version of this function is in MovieMaker.java. Any fixes here
+   * should be applied over in MovieMaker as well.
+   * <p>
+   * Known issue with RLE encoding and odd behavior in some apps:
+   * https://github.com/processing/processing/issues/2096
+   * Please help!
+   */
+  static public PImage loadTGA(InputStream input) throws IOException {  // ignore
+    byte[] header = new byte[18];
+    int offset = 0;
+    do {
+      int count = input.read(header, offset, header.length - offset);
+      if (count == -1) return null;
+      offset += count;
+    } while (offset < 18);
+
+    /*
+      header[2] image type code
+      2  (0x02) - Uncompressed, RGB images.
+      3  (0x03) - Uncompressed, black and white images.
+      10 (0x0A) - Run-length encoded RGB images.
+      11 (0x0B) - Compressed, black and white images. (grayscale?)
+
+      header[16] is the bit depth (8, 24, 32)
+
+      header[17] image descriptor (packed bits)
+      0x20 is 32 = origin upper-left
+      0x28 is 32 + 8 = origin upper-left + 32 bits
+
+        7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
+      128 64 32 16  8  4  2  1
+    */
+
+    int format = 0;
+
+    if (((header[2] == 3) || (header[2] == 11)) &&  // B&W, plus RLE or not
+        (header[16] == 8) &&  // 8 bits
+        ((header[17] == 0x8) || (header[17] == 0x28))) {  // origin, 32 bit
+      format = ALPHA;
+
+    } else if (((header[2] == 2) || (header[2] == 10)) &&  // RGB, RLE or not
+               (header[16] == 24) &&  // 24 bits
+               ((header[17] == 0x20) || (header[17] == 0))) {  // origin
+      format = RGB;
+
+    } else if (((header[2] == 2) || (header[2] == 10)) &&
+               (header[16] == 32) &&
+               ((header[17] == 0x8) || (header[17] == 0x28))) {  // origin, 32
+      format = ARGB;
+    }
+
+    if (format == 0) {
+      System.err.println("Unknown .tga file format");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    int w = ((header[13] & 0xff) << 8) + (header[12] & 0xff);
+    int h = ((header[15] & 0xff) << 8) + (header[14] & 0xff);
+    PImage outgoing = new PImage(w, h, format);
+
+    // where "reversed" means upper-left corner (normal for most of
+    // the modernized world, but "reversed" for the tga spec)
+    //boolean reversed = (header[17] & 0x20) != 0;
+    // https://github.com/processing/processing/issues/1682
+    boolean reversed = (header[17] & 0x20) == 0;
+
+    if ((header[2] == 2) || (header[2] == 3)) {  // not RLE encoded
+      if (reversed) {
+        int index = (h-1) * w;
+        switch (format) {
+        case ALPHA:
+          for (int y = h-1; y >= 0; y--) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
+              outgoing.pixels[index + x] = input.read();
+            }
+            index -= w;
+          }
+          break;
+        case RGB:
+          for (int y = h-1; y >= 0; y--) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
+              outgoing.pixels[index + x] =
+                input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) |
+                0xff000000;
+            }
+            index -= w;
+          }
+          break;
+        case ARGB:
+          for (int y = h-1; y >= 0; y--) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
+              outgoing.pixels[index + x] =
+                input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) |
+                (input.read() << 24);
+            }
+            index -= w;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {  // not reversed
+        int count = w * h;
+        switch (format) {
+        case ALPHA:
+          for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            outgoing.pixels[i] = input.read();
+          }
+          break;
+        case RGB:
+          for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            outgoing.pixels[i] =
+              input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) |
+              0xff000000;
+          }
+          break;
+        case ARGB:
+          for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            outgoing.pixels[i] =
+              input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) |
+              (input.read() << 24);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+    } else {  // header[2] is 10 or 11
+      int index = 0;
+      int[] px = outgoing.pixels;
+
+      while (index < px.length) {
+        int num = input.read();
+        boolean isRLE = (num & 0x80) != 0;
+        if (isRLE) {
+          num -= 127;  // (num & 0x7F) + 1
+          int pixel = 0;
+          switch (format) {
+          case ALPHA:
+            pixel = input.read();
+            break;
+          case RGB:
+            pixel = 0xFF000000 |
+              input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16);
+            //(is.read() << 16) | (is.read() << 8) | is.read();
+            break;
+          case ARGB:
+            pixel = input.read() |
+              (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) | (input.read() << 24);
+            break;
+          }
+          for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+            px[index++] = pixel;
+            if (index == px.length) break;
+          }
+        } else {  // write up to 127 bytes as uncompressed
+          num += 1;
+          switch (format) {
+          case ALPHA:
+            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+              px[index++] = input.read();
+            }
+            break;
+          case RGB:
+            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+              px[index++] = 0xFF000000 |
+                input.read() | (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16);
+              //(is.read() << 16) | (is.read() << 8) | is.read();
+            }
+            break;
+          case ARGB:
+            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+              px[index++] = input.read() | //(is.read() << 24) |
+                (input.read() << 8) | (input.read() << 16) | (input.read() << 24);
+              //(is.read() << 16) | (is.read() << 8) | is.read();
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!reversed) {
+        int[] temp = new int[w];
+        for (int y = 0; y < h/2; y++) {
+          int z = (h-1) - y;
+          System.arraycopy(px, y*w, temp, 0, w);
+          System.arraycopy(px, z*w, px, y*w, w);
+          System.arraycopy(temp, 0, px, z*w, w);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    input.close();
+    return outgoing;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Targa32 formatted byte sequence of specified
+   * pixel buffer using RLE compression.
+   * <p>
+   * Also figured out how to avoid parsing the image upside-down
+   * (there's a header flag to set the image origin to top-left)
+   * </p>
+   * Starting with revision 0092, the format setting is taken into account:
+   * <UL>
+   * <LI><TT>ALPHA</TT> images written as 8bit grayscale (uses lowest byte)
+   * <LI><TT>RGB</TT> &rarr; 24 bits
+   * <LI><TT>ARGB</TT> &rarr; 32 bits
+   * </UL>
+   * All versions are RLE compressed.
+   * 
+   * Contributed by toxi 8-10 May 2005, based on this RLE
+   * <A HREF="http://www.wotsit.org/download.asp?f=tga">specification</A>
+   */
+  protected boolean saveTGA(OutputStream output) {
+    byte[] header = new byte[18];
+
+    switch (format) {
+      case ALPHA:
+        // save ALPHA images as 8bit grayscale
+        header[2] = 0x0B;
+        header[16] = 0x08;
+        header[17] = 0x28;
+        break;
+      case RGB:
+        header[2] = 0x0A;
+        header[16] = 24;
+        header[17] = 0x20;
+        break;
+      case ARGB:
+        header[2] = 0x0A;
+        header[16] = 32;
+        header[17] = 0x28;
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Image format not recognized inside save()");
+    }
+     // set image dimensions lo-hi byte order
+     header[12] = (byte) (pixelWidth & 0xff);
+     header[13] = (byte) (pixelWidth >> 8);
+     header[14] = (byte) (pixelHeight & 0xff);
+     header[15] = (byte) (pixelHeight >> 8);
+
+     try {
+       output.write(header);
+
+       int maxLen = pixelHeight * pixelWidth;
+       int index = 0;
+       int col; //, prevCol;
+       int[] currChunk = new int[128];
+
+       // 8bit image exporter is in separate loop
+       // to avoid excessive conditionals...
+       if (format == ALPHA) {
+         while (index < maxLen) {
+           boolean isRLE = false;
+           int rle = 1;
+           currChunk[0] = col = pixels[index] & 0xff;
+           while (index + rle < maxLen) {
+             if (col != (pixels[index + rle]&0xff) || rle == 128) {
+               isRLE = (rle > 1);
+               break;
+             }
+             rle++;
+           }
+           if (isRLE) {
+             output.write(0x80 | (rle - 1));
+             output.write(col);
+
+           } else {
+             rle = 1;
+             while (index + rle < maxLen) {
+               int cscan = pixels[index + rle] & 0xff;
+               if ((col != cscan && rle < 128) || rle < 3) {
+                 currChunk[rle] = col = cscan;
+               } else {
+                 if (col == cscan) rle -= 2;
+                 break;
+               }
+               rle++;
+             }
+             output.write(rle - 1);
+             for (int i = 0; i < rle; i++) output.write(currChunk[i]);
+           }
+           index += rle;
+         }
+       } else {  // export 24/32 bit TARGA
+         while (index < maxLen) {
+           boolean isRLE = false;
+           currChunk[0] = col = pixels[index];
+           int rle = 1;
+           // try to find repeating bytes (min. len = 2 pixels)
+           // maximum chunk size is 128 pixels
+           while (index + rle < maxLen) {
+             if (col != pixels[index + rle] || rle == 128) {
+               isRLE = (rle > 1); // set flag for RLE chunk
+               break;
+             }
+             rle++;
+           }
+           if (isRLE) {
+             output.write(128 | (rle - 1));
+             output.write(col & 0xff);
+             output.write(col >> 8 & 0xff);
+             output.write(col >> 16 & 0xff);
+             if (format == ARGB) output.write(col >>> 24 & 0xff);
+
+           } else {  // not RLE
+             rle = 1;
+             while (index + rle < maxLen) {
+               if ((col != pixels[index + rle] && rle < 128) || rle < 3) {
+                 currChunk[rle] = col = pixels[index + rle];
+               } else {
+                 // check if the exit condition was the start of
+                 // a repeating colour
+                 if (col == pixels[index + rle]) rle -= 2;
+                 break;
+               }
+               rle++;
+             }
+             // write uncompressed chunk
+             output.write(rle - 1);
+             if (format == ARGB) {
+               for (int i = 0; i < rle; i++) {
+                 col = currChunk[i];
+                 output.write(col & 0xff);
+                 output.write(col >> 8 & 0xff);
+                 output.write(col >> 16 & 0xff);
+                 output.write(col >>> 24 & 0xff);
+               }
+             } else {
+               for (int i = 0; i < rle; i++) {
+                 col = currChunk[i];
+                 output.write(col & 0xff);
+                 output.write(col >> 8 & 0xff);
+                 output.write(col >> 16 & 0xff);
+               }
+             }
+           }
+           index += rle;
+         }
+       }
+       output.flush();
+       return true;
+
+     } catch (IOException e) {
+       return false;
+     }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * ( begin auto-generated from PImage_save.xml )
+   *
+   * Saves the image into a file. Append a file extension to the name of
+   * the file, to indicate the file format to be used: either TIFF (.tif),
+   * TARGA (.tga), JPEG (.jpg), or PNG (.png). If no extension is included
+   * in the filename, the image will save in TIFF format and .tif will be
+   * added to the name.  These files are saved to the sketch's folder, which
+   * may be opened by selecting "Show sketch folder" from the "Sketch" menu.
+   * To save an image created within the code, rather
+   * than through loading, it's necessary to make the image with the
+   * <b>createImage()</b> function so it is aware of the location of the
+   * program and can therefore save the file to the right place. See the
+   * <b>createImage()</b> reference for more information.
+   *
+   * ( end auto-generated )
+   * <h3>Advanced</h3>
+   * Save this image to disk.
+   * <p>
+   * As of revision 0100, this function requires an absolute path,
+   * in order to avoid confusion. To save inside the sketch folder,
+   * use the function savePath() from PApplet, or use saveFrame() instead.
+   * As of revision 0116, savePath() is not needed if this object has been
+   * created (as recommended) via createImage() or createGraphics() or
+   * one of its neighbors.
+   * <p>
+   * As of revision 0115, when using Java 1.4 and later, you can write
+   * to several formats besides tga and tiff. If Java 1.4 is installed
+   * and the extension used is supported (usually png, jpg, jpeg, bmp,
+   * and tiff), then those methods will be used to write the image.
+   * To get a list of the supported formats for writing, use: <BR>
+   * <TT>println(javax.imageio.ImageIO.getReaderFormatNames())</TT>
+   * <p>
+   * To use the original built-in image writers, use .tga or .tif as the
+   * extension, or don't include an extension. When no extension is used,
+   * the extension .tif will be added to the file name.
+   * <p>
+   * The ImageIO API claims to support wbmp files, however they probably
+   * require a black and white image. Basic testing produced a zero-length
+   * file with no error.
+   *
+   * @webref pimage:method
+   * @brief Saves the image to a TIFF, TARGA, PNG, or JPEG file
+   * @usage application
+   * @param filename a sequence of letters and numbers
+   */
+   public boolean save(String filename) {  // ignore
+     boolean success = false;
+
+     if (parent != null) {
+       // use savePath(), so that the intermediate directories are created
+       filename = parent.savePath(filename);
+
+     } else {
+       File file = new File(filename);
+       if (file.isAbsolute()) {
+         // make sure that the intermediate folders have been created
+         PApplet.createPath(file);
+       } else {
+         String msg =
+           "PImage.save() requires an absolute path. " +
+           "Use createImage(), or pass savePath() to save().";
+         PGraphics.showException(msg);
+       }
+     }
+
+     // Make sure the pixel data is ready to go
+     loadPixels();
+
+     try {
+       OutputStream os = null;
+
+       if (saveImpl(filename)) {
+         return true;
+       }
+
+       if (filename.toLowerCase().endsWith(".tga")) {
+         os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename), 32768);
+         success = saveTGA(os); //, pixels, width, height, format);
+
+       } else {
+         if (!filename.toLowerCase().endsWith(".tif") &&
+             !filename.toLowerCase().endsWith(".tiff")) {
+           // if no .tif extension, add it..
+           filename += ".tif";
+         }
+         os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename), 32768);
+         success = saveTIFF(os); //, pixels, width, height);
+       }
+       os.flush();
+       os.close();
+
+     } catch (IOException e) {
+       System.err.println("Error while saving image.");
+       success = false;
+     }
+     return success;
+   }
+}