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pract6 0.1.0

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data/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-2.0.3/lib/rack/show_status.rb ADDED

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+require 'erb'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ShowStatus catches all empty responses and replaces them
+  # with a site explaining the error.
+  #
+  # Additional details can be put into <tt>rack.showstatus.detail</tt>
+  # and will be shown as HTML.  If such details exist, the error page
+  # is always rendered, even if the reply was not empty.
+  class ShowStatus
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+      @template = ERB.new(TEMPLATE)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+      empty = headers[CONTENT_LENGTH].to_i <= 0
+      # client or server error, or explicit message
+      if (status.to_i >= 400 && empty) || env[RACK_SHOWSTATUS_DETAIL]
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        req = req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        message = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[status.to_i] || status.to_s
+        # This double assignment is to prevent an "unused variable" warning on
+        # Ruby 1.9.3.  Yes, it is dumb, but I don't like Ruby yelling at me.
+        detail = detail = env[RACK_SHOWSTATUS_DETAIL] || message
+        body = @template.result(binding)
+        size = body.bytesize
+        [status, headers.merge(CONTENT_TYPE => "text/html", CONTENT_LENGTH => size.to_s), [body]]
+      else
+        [status, headers, body]
+      end
+    end
+    def h(obj)                  # :nodoc:
+      case obj
+      when String
+        Utils.escape_html(obj)
+      else
+        Utils.escape_html(obj.inspect)
+      end
+    end
+    # :stopdoc:
+# adapted from Django <djangoproject.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
+# Used under the modified BSD license:
+# http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5
+TEMPLATE = <<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <title><%=h message %> at <%=h req.script_name + req.path_info %></title>
+  <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+  <style type="text/css">
+    html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
+    body * { padding:10px 20px; }
+    body * * { padding:0; }
+    body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; }
+    body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
+    h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
+    h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
+    table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }
+    td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
+    th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
+    #info { background:#f6f6f6; }
+    #info ol { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
+    #info ol li { font-family: monospace; }
+    #summary { background: #ffc; }
+    #explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="summary">
+    <h1><%=h message %> <span>(<%= status.to_i %>)</span></h1>
+    <table class="meta">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request Method:</th>
+        <td><%=h req.request_method %></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request URL:</th>
+      <td><%=h req.url %></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div>
+  <div id="info">
+    <p><%=h detail %></p>
+  </div>
+  <div id="explanation">
+    <p>
+    You're seeing this error because you use <code>Rack::ShowStatus</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML
+    # :startdoc:
+  end
+end

data/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-2.0.3/lib/rack/static.rb ADDED

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+require "rack/file"
+require "rack/utils"
+module Rack
+  # The Rack::Static middleware intercepts requests for static files
+  # (javascript files, images, stylesheets, etc) based on the url prefixes or
+  # route mappings passed in the options, and serves them using a Rack::File
+  # object. This allows a Rack stack to serve both static and dynamic content.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /media from the "media" folder located
+  # in the current directory (ie media/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/media"]
+  #
+  # Serve all requests beginning with /css or /images from the folder "public"
+  # in the current directory (ie public/css/* and public/images/*):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/css", "/images"], :root => "public"
+  #
+  # Serve all requests to / with "index.html" from the folder "public" in the
+  # current directory (ie public/index.html):
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => {"/" => 'index.html'}, :root => 'public'
+  #
+  # Serve all requests normally from the folder "public" in the current
+  # directory but uses index.html as default route for "/"
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => [""], :root => 'public', :index =>
+  #     'index.html'
+  #
+  # Set custom HTTP Headers for based on rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content, header_field => content}],
+  #           [rule, {header_field => content}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  #  Rules for selecting files:
+  #
+  #  1) All files
+  #     Provide the :all symbol
+  #     :all => Matches every file
+  #
+  #  2) Folders
+  #     Provide the folder path as a string
+  #     '/folder' or '/folder/subfolder' => Matches files in a certain folder
+  #
+  #  3) File Extensions
+  #     Provide the file extensions as an array
+  #     ['css', 'js'] or %w(css js) => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #
+  #  4) Regular Expressions / Regexp
+  #     Provide a regular expression
+  #     %r{\.(?:css|js)\z} => Matches files ending in .css or .js
+  #     /\.(?:eot|ttf|otf|woff2|woff|svg)\z/ => Matches files ending in
+  #       the most common web font formats (.eot, .ttf, .otf, .woff2, .woff, .svg)
+  #       Note: This Regexp is available as a shortcut, using the :fonts rule
+  #
+  #  5) Font Shortcut
+  #     Provide the :fonts symbol
+  #     :fonts => Uses the Regexp rule stated right above to match all common web font endings
+  #
+  #  Rule Ordering:
+  #    Rules are applied in the order that they are provided.
+  #    List rather general rules above special ones.
+  #
+  #  Complete example use case including HTTP header rules:
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :root => 'public',
+  #         :header_rules => [
+  #           # Cache all static files in public caches (e.g. Rack::Cache)
+  #           #  as well as in the browser
+  #           [:all, {'Cache-Control' => 'public, max-age=31536000'}],
+  #
+  #           # Provide web fonts with cross-origin access-control-headers
+  #           #  Firefox requires this when serving assets using a Content Delivery Network
+  #           [:fonts, {'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*'}]
+  #         ]
+  #
+  class Static
+    def initialize(app, options={})
+      @app = app
+      @urls = options[:urls] || ["/favicon.ico"]
+      @index = options[:index]
+      @gzip = options[:gzip]
+      root = options[:root] || Dir.pwd
+      # HTTP Headers
+      @header_rules = options[:header_rules] || []
+      # Allow for legacy :cache_control option while prioritizing global header_rules setting
+      @header_rules.unshift([:all, {CACHE_CONTROL => options[:cache_control]}]) if options[:cache_control]
+      @file_server = Rack::File.new(root)
+    end
+    def add_index_root?(path)
+      @index && path =~ /\/$/
+    end
+    def overwrite_file_path(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Hash) && @urls.key?(path) || add_index_root?(path)
+    end
+    def route_file(path)
+      @urls.kind_of?(Array) && @urls.any? { |url| path.index(url) == 0 }
+    end
+    def can_serve(path)
+      route_file(path) || overwrite_file_path(path)
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path = env[PATH_INFO]
+      if can_serve(path)
+        if overwrite_file_path(path)
+          env[PATH_INFO] = (add_index_root?(path) ? path + @index : @urls[path])
+        elsif @gzip && env['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] =~ /\bgzip\b/
+          path = env[PATH_INFO]
+          env[PATH_INFO] += '.gz'
+          response = @file_server.call(env)
+          env[PATH_INFO] = path
+          if response[0] == 404
+            response = nil
+          else
+            if mime_type = Mime.mime_type(::File.extname(path), 'text/plain')
+              response[1][CONTENT_TYPE] = mime_type
+            end
+            response[1]['Content-Encoding'] = 'gzip'
+          end
+        end
+        path = env[PATH_INFO]
+        response ||= @file_server.call(env)
+        headers = response[1]
+        applicable_rules(path).each do |rule, new_headers|
+          new_headers.each { |field, content| headers[field] = content }
+        end
+        response
+      else
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+    end
+    # Convert HTTP header rules to HTTP headers
+    def applicable_rules(path)
+      @header_rules.find_all do |rule, new_headers|
+        case rule
+        when :all
+          true
+        when :fonts
+          path =~ /\.(?:ttf|otf|eot|woff2|woff|svg)\z/
+        when String
+          path = ::Rack::Utils.unescape(path)
+          path.start_with?(rule) || path.start_with?('/' + rule)
+        when Array
+          path =~ /\.(#{rule.join('|')})\z/
+        when Regexp
+          path =~ rule
+        else
+          false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-2.0.3/lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb ADDED

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+require 'rack/body_proxy'
+module Rack
+  # Middleware tracks and cleans Tempfiles created throughout a request (i.e. Rack::Multipart)
+  # Ideas/strategy based on posts by Eric Wong and Charles Oliver Nutter
+  # https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/rack-devel/temp/rack-devel/brK8eh-MByw/sw61oJJCGRMJ
+  class TempfileReaper
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      env[RACK_TEMPFILES] ||= []
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      body_proxy = BodyProxy.new(body) do
+        env[RACK_TEMPFILES].each(&:close!) unless env[RACK_TEMPFILES].nil?
+      end
+      [status, headers, body_proxy]
+    end
+  end
+end

data/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-2.0.3/lib/rack/urlmap.rb ADDED

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+module Rack
+  # Rack::URLMap takes a hash mapping urls or paths to apps, and
+  # dispatches accordingly.  Support for HTTP/1.1 host names exists if
+  # the URLs start with <tt>http://</tt> or <tt>https://</tt>.
+  #
+  # URLMap modifies the SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO such that the part
+  # relevant for dispatch is in the SCRIPT_NAME, and the rest in the
+  # PATH_INFO.  This should be taken care of when you need to
+  # reconstruct the URL in order to create links.
+  #
+  # URLMap dispatches in such a way that the longest paths are tried
+  # first, since they are most specific.
+  class URLMap
+    NEGATIVE_INFINITY = -1.0 / 0.0
+    INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0
+    def initialize(map = {})
+      remap(map)
+    end
+    def remap(map)
+      @mapping = map.map { |location, app|
+        if location =~ %r{\Ahttps?://(.*?)(/.*)}
+          host, location = $1, $2
+        else
+          host = nil
+        end
+        unless location[0] == ?/
+          raise ArgumentError, "paths need to start with /"
+        end
+        location = location.chomp('/')
+        match = Regexp.new("^#{Regexp.quote(location).gsub('/', '/+')}(.*)", nil, 'n')
+        [host, location, match, app]
+      }.sort_by do |(host, location, _, _)|
+        [host ? -host.size : INFINITY, -location.size]
+      end
+    end
+    def call(env)
+      path        = env[PATH_INFO]
+      script_name = env[SCRIPT_NAME]
+      http_host   = env[HTTP_HOST]
+      server_name = env[SERVER_NAME]
+      server_port = env[SERVER_PORT]
+      is_same_server = casecmp?(http_host, server_name) ||
+                       casecmp?(http_host, "#{server_name}:#{server_port}")
+      @mapping.each do |host, location, match, app|
+        unless casecmp?(http_host, host) \
+            || casecmp?(server_name, host) \
+            || (!host && is_same_server)
+          next
+        end
+        next unless m = match.match(path.to_s)
+        rest = m[1]
+        next unless !rest || rest.empty? || rest[0] == ?/
+        env[SCRIPT_NAME] = (script_name + location)
+        env[PATH_INFO] = rest
+        return app.call(env)
+      end
+      [404, {CONTENT_TYPE => "text/plain", "X-Cascade" => "pass"}, ["Not Found: #{path}"]]
+    ensure
+      env[PATH_INFO]   = path
+      env[SCRIPT_NAME] = script_name
+    end
+    private
+    def casecmp?(v1, v2)
+      # if both nil, or they're the same string
+      return true if v1 == v2
+      # if either are nil... (but they're not the same)
+      return false if v1.nil?
+      return false if v2.nil?
+      # otherwise check they're not case-insensitive the same
+      v1.casecmp(v2).zero?
+    end
+  end
+end

data/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-2.0.3/lib/rack/utils.rb ADDED

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+# -*- encoding: binary -*-
+require 'uri'
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'set'
+require 'tempfile'
+require 'rack/query_parser'
+require 'time'
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Utils contains a grab-bag of useful methods for writing web
+  # applications adopted from all kinds of Ruby libraries.
+  module Utils
+    ParameterTypeError = QueryParser::ParameterTypeError
+    InvalidParameterError = QueryParser::InvalidParameterError
+    DEFAULT_SEP = QueryParser::DEFAULT_SEP
+    COMMON_SEP = QueryParser::COMMON_SEP
+    KeySpaceConstrainedParams = QueryParser::Params
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :default_query_parser
+    end
+    # The default number of bytes to allow parameter keys to take up.
+    # This helps prevent a rogue client from flooding a Request.
+    self.default_query_parser = QueryParser.make_default(65536, 100)
+    # URI escapes. (CGI style space to +)
+    def escape(s)
+      URI.encode_www_form_component(s)
+    end
+    module_function :escape
+    # Like URI escaping, but with %20 instead of +. Strictly speaking this is
+    # true URI escaping.
+    def escape_path(s)
+      ::URI::DEFAULT_PARSER.escape s
+    end
+    module_function :escape_path
+    # Unescapes the **path** component of a URI.  See Rack::Utils.unescape for
+    # unescaping query parameters or form components.
+    def unescape_path(s)
+      ::URI::DEFAULT_PARSER.unescape s
+    end
+    module_function :unescape_path
+    # Unescapes a URI escaped string with +encoding+. +encoding+ will be the
+    # target encoding of the string returned, and it defaults to UTF-8
+    def unescape(s, encoding = Encoding::UTF_8)
+      URI.decode_www_form_component(s, encoding)
+    end
+    module_function :unescape
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :multipart_part_limit
+    end
+    # The maximum number of parts a request can contain. Accepting too many part
+    # can lead to the server running out of file handles.
+    # Set to `0` for no limit.
+    self.multipart_part_limit = (ENV['RACK_MULTIPART_PART_LIMIT'] || 128).to_i
+    def self.param_depth_limit
+      default_query_parser.param_depth_limit
+    end
+    def self.param_depth_limit=(v)
+      self.default_query_parser = self.default_query_parser.new_depth_limit(v)
+    end
+    def self.key_space_limit
+      default_query_parser.key_space_limit
+    end
+    def self.key_space_limit=(v)
+      self.default_query_parser = self.default_query_parser.new_space_limit(v)
+    end
+    if defined?(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+      def clock_time
+        Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+      end
+    else
+      def clock_time
+        Time.now.to_f
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :clock_time
+    def parse_query(qs, d = nil, &unescaper)
+      Rack::Utils.default_query_parser.parse_query(qs, d, &unescaper)
+    end
+    module_function :parse_query
+    def parse_nested_query(qs, d = nil)
+      Rack::Utils.default_query_parser.parse_nested_query(qs, d)
+    end
+    module_function :parse_nested_query
+    def build_query(params)
+      params.map { |k, v|
+        if v.class == Array
+          build_query(v.map { |x| [k, x] })
+        else
+          v.nil? ? escape(k) : "#{escape(k)}=#{escape(v)}"
+        end
+      }.join("&")
+    end
+    module_function :build_query
+    def build_nested_query(value, prefix = nil)
+      case value
+      when Array
+        value.map { |v|
+          build_nested_query(v, "#{prefix}[]")
+        }.join("&")
+      when Hash
+        value.map { |k, v|
+          build_nested_query(v, prefix ? "#{prefix}[#{escape(k)}]" : escape(k))
+        }.reject(&:empty?).join('&')
+      when nil
+        prefix
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a Hash" if prefix.nil?
+        "#{prefix}=#{escape(value)}"
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :build_nested_query
+    def q_values(q_value_header)
+      q_value_header.to_s.split(/\s*,\s*/).map do |part|
+        value, parameters = part.split(/\s*;\s*/, 2)
+        quality = 1.0
+        if md = /\Aq=([\d.]+)/.match(parameters)
+          quality = md[1].to_f
+        end
+        [value, quality]
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :q_values
+    def best_q_match(q_value_header, available_mimes)
+      values = q_values(q_value_header)
+      matches = values.map do |req_mime, quality|
+        match = available_mimes.find { |am| Rack::Mime.match?(am, req_mime) }
+        next unless match
+        [match, quality]
+      end.compact.sort_by do |match, quality|
+        (match.split('/', 2).count('*') * -10) + quality
+      end.last
+      matches && matches.first
+    end
+    module_function :best_q_match
+    ESCAPE_HTML = {
+      "&" => "&amp;",
+      "<" => "&lt;",
+      ">" => "&gt;",
+      "'" => "&#x27;",
+      '"' => "&quot;",
+      "/" => "&#x2F;"
+    }
+    ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN = Regexp.union(*ESCAPE_HTML.keys)
+    # Escape ampersands, brackets and quotes to their HTML/XML entities.
+    def escape_html(string)
+      string.to_s.gsub(ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN){|c| ESCAPE_HTML[c] }
+    end
+    module_function :escape_html
+    def select_best_encoding(available_encodings, accept_encoding)
+      # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
+      expanded_accept_encoding =
+        accept_encoding.map { |m, q|
+          if m == "*"
+            (available_encodings - accept_encoding.map { |m2, _| m2 }).map { |m2| [m2, q] }
+          else
+            [[m, q]]
+          end
+        }.inject([]) { |mem, list|
+          mem + list
+        }
+      encoding_candidates = expanded_accept_encoding.sort_by { |_, q| -q }.map { |m, _| m }
+      unless encoding_candidates.include?("identity")
+        encoding_candidates.push("identity")
+      end
+      expanded_accept_encoding.each { |m, q|
+        encoding_candidates.delete(m) if q == 0.0
+      }
+      return (encoding_candidates & available_encodings)[0]
+    end
+    module_function :select_best_encoding
+    def parse_cookies(env)
+      parse_cookies_header env[HTTP_COOKIE]
+    end
+    module_function :parse_cookies
+    def parse_cookies_header(header)
+      # According to RFC 2109:
+      #   If multiple cookies satisfy the criteria above, they are ordered in
+      #   the Cookie header such that those with more specific Path attributes
+      #   precede those with less specific.  Ordering with respect to other
+      #   attributes (e.g., Domain) is unspecified.
+      cookies = parse_query(header, ';,') { |s| unescape(s) rescue s }
+      cookies.each_with_object({}) { |(k,v), hash| hash[k] = Array === v ? v.first : v }
+    end
+    module_function :parse_cookies_header
+    def add_cookie_to_header(header, key, value)
+      case value
+      when Hash
+        domain  = "; domain=#{value[:domain]}"   if value[:domain]
+        path    = "; path=#{value[:path]}"       if value[:path]
+        max_age = "; max-age=#{value[:max_age]}" if value[:max_age]
+        # There is an RFC mess in the area of date formatting for Cookies. Not
+        # only are there contradicting RFCs and examples within RFC text, but
+        # there are also numerous conflicting names of fields and partially
+        # cross-applicable specifications.
+        #
+        # These are best described in RFC 2616 3.3.1. This RFC text also
+        # specifies that RFC 822 as updated by RFC 1123 is preferred. That is a
+        # fixed length format with space-date delimited fields.
+        #
+        # See also RFC 1123 section 5.2.14.
+        #
+        # RFC 6265 also specifies "sane-cookie-date" as RFC 1123 date, defined
+        # in RFC 2616 3.3.1. RFC 6265 also gives examples that clearly denote
+        # the space delimited format. These formats are compliant with RFC 2822.
+        #
+        # For reference, all involved RFCs are:
+        # RFC 822
+        # RFC 1123
+        # RFC 2109
+        # RFC 2616
+        # RFC 2822
+        # RFC 2965
+        # RFC 6265
+        expires = "; expires=" +
+          rfc2822(value[:expires].clone.gmtime) if value[:expires]
+        secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
+        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if (value.key?(:httponly) ? value[:httponly] : value[:http_only])
+        same_site =
+          case value[:same_site]
+          when false, nil
+            nil
+          when :lax, 'Lax', :Lax
+            '; SameSite=Lax'.freeze
+          when true, :strict, 'Strict', :Strict
+            '; SameSite=Strict'.freeze
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "Invalid SameSite value: #{value[:same_site].inspect}"
+          end
+        value = value[:value]
+      end
+      value = [value] unless Array === value
+      cookie = "#{escape(key)}=#{value.map { |v| escape v }.join('&')}#{domain}" \
+        "#{path}#{max_age}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}#{same_site}"
+      case header
+      when nil, ''
+        cookie
+      when String
+        [header, cookie].join("\n")
+      when Array
+        (header + [cookie]).join("\n")
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized cookie header value. Expected String, Array, or nil, got #{header.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :add_cookie_to_header
+    def set_cookie_header!(header, key, value)
+      header[SET_COOKIE] = add_cookie_to_header(header[SET_COOKIE], key, value)
+      nil
+    end
+    module_function :set_cookie_header!
+    def make_delete_cookie_header(header, key, value)
+      case header
+      when nil, ''
+        cookies = []
+      when String
+        cookies = header.split("\n")
+      when Array
+        cookies = header
+      end
+      cookies.reject! { |cookie|
+        if value[:domain]
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=.*domain=#{value[:domain]}/
+        elsif value[:path]
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=.*path=#{value[:path]}/
+        else
+          cookie =~ /\A#{escape(key)}=/
+        end
+      }
+      cookies.join("\n")
+    end
+    module_function :make_delete_cookie_header
+    def delete_cookie_header!(header, key, value = {})
+      header[SET_COOKIE] = add_remove_cookie_to_header(header[SET_COOKIE], key, value)
+      nil
+    end
+    module_function :delete_cookie_header!
+    # Adds a cookie that will *remove* a cookie from the client.  Hence the
+    # strange method name.
+    def add_remove_cookie_to_header(header, key, value = {})
+      new_header = make_delete_cookie_header(header, key, value)
+      add_cookie_to_header(new_header, key,
+                 {:value => '', :path => nil, :domain => nil,
+                   :max_age => '0',
+                   :expires => Time.at(0) }.merge(value))
+    end
+    module_function :add_remove_cookie_to_header
+    def rfc2822(time)
+      time.rfc2822
+    end
+    module_function :rfc2822
+    # Modified version of stdlib time.rb Time#rfc2822 to use '%d-%b-%Y' instead
+    # of '% %b %Y'.
+    # It assumes that the time is in GMT to comply to the RFC 2109.
+    #
+    # NOTE: I'm not sure the RFC says it requires GMT, but is ambiguous enough
+    # that I'm certain someone implemented only that option.
+    # Do not use %a and %b from Time.strptime, it would use localized names for
+    # weekday and month.
+    #
+    def rfc2109(time)
+      wday = Time::RFC2822_DAY_NAME[time.wday]
+      mon = Time::RFC2822_MONTH_NAME[time.mon - 1]
+      time.strftime("#{wday}, %d-#{mon}-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
+    end
+    module_function :rfc2109
+    # Parses the "Range:" header, if present, into an array of Range objects.
+    # Returns nil if the header is missing or syntactically invalid.
+    # Returns an empty array if none of the ranges are satisfiable.
+    def byte_ranges(env, size)
+      warn "`byte_ranges` is deprecated, please use `get_byte_ranges`" if $VERBOSE
+      get_byte_ranges env['HTTP_RANGE'], size
+    end
+    module_function :byte_ranges
+    def get_byte_ranges(http_range, size)
+      # See <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.35>
+      return nil unless http_range && http_range =~ /bytes=([^;]+)/
+      ranges = []
+      $1.split(/,\s*/).each do |range_spec|
+        return nil  unless range_spec =~ /(\d*)-(\d*)/
+        r0,r1 = $1, $2
+        if r0.empty?
+          return nil  if r1.empty?
+          # suffix-byte-range-spec, represents trailing suffix of file
+          r0 = size - r1.to_i
+          r0 = 0  if r0 < 0
+          r1 = size - 1
+        else
+          r0 = r0.to_i
+          if r1.empty?
+            r1 = size - 1
+          else
+            r1 = r1.to_i
+            return nil  if r1 < r0  # backwards range is syntactically invalid
+            r1 = size-1  if r1 >= size
+          end
+        end
+        ranges << (r0..r1)  if r0 <= r1
+      end
+      ranges
+    end
+    module_function :get_byte_ranges
+    # Constant time string comparison.
+    #
+    # NOTE: the values compared should be of fixed length, such as strings
+    # that have already been processed by HMAC. This should not be used
+    # on variable length plaintext strings because it could leak length info
+    # via timing attacks.
+    def secure_compare(a, b)
+      return false unless a.bytesize == b.bytesize
+      l = a.unpack("C*")
+      r, i = 0, -1
+      b.each_byte { |v| r |= v ^ l[i+=1] }
+      r == 0
+    end
+    module_function :secure_compare
+    # Context allows the use of a compatible middleware at different points
+    # in a request handling stack. A compatible middleware must define
+    # #context which should take the arguments env and app. The first of which
+    # would be the request environment. The second of which would be the rack
+    # application that the request would be forwarded to.
+    class Context
+      attr_reader :for, :app
+      def initialize(app_f, app_r)
+        raise 'running context does not respond to #context' unless app_f.respond_to? :context
+        @for, @app = app_f, app_r
+      end
+      def call(env)
+        @for.context(env, @app)
+      end
+      def recontext(app)
+        self.class.new(@for, app)
+      end
+      def context(env, app=@app)
+        recontext(app).call(env)
+      end
+    end
+    # A case-insensitive Hash that preserves the original case of a
+    # header when set.
+    class HeaderHash < Hash
+      def self.new(hash={})
+        HeaderHash === hash ? hash : super(hash)
+      end
+      def initialize(hash={})
+        super()
+        @names = {}
+        hash.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+      end
+      # on dup/clone, we need to duplicate @names hash
+      def initialize_copy(other)
+        super
+        @names = other.names.dup
+      end
+      def each
+        super do |k, v|
+          yield(k, v.respond_to?(:to_ary) ? v.to_ary.join("\n") : v)
+        end
+      end
+      def to_hash
+        hash = {}
+        each { |k,v| hash[k] = v }
+        hash
+      end
+      def [](k)
+        super(k) || super(@names[k.downcase])
+      end
+      def []=(k, v)
+        canonical = k.downcase.freeze
+        delete k if @names[canonical] && @names[canonical] != k # .delete is expensive, don't invoke it unless necessary
+        @names[canonical] = k
+        super k, v
+      end
+      def delete(k)
+        canonical = k.downcase
+        result = super @names.delete(canonical)
+        result
+      end
+      def include?(k)
+        super || @names.include?(k.downcase)
+      end
+      alias_method :has_key?, :include?
+      alias_method :member?, :include?
+      alias_method :key?, :include?
+      def merge!(other)
+        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+        self
+      end
+      def merge(other)
+        hash = dup
+        hash.merge! other
+      end
+      def replace(other)
+        clear
+        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+        self
+      end
+      protected
+        def names
+          @names
+        end
+    end
+    # Every standard HTTP code mapped to the appropriate message.
+    # Generated with:
+    # curl -s https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes-1.csv | \
+    #   ruby -ne 'm = /^(\d{3}),(?!Unassigned|\(Unused\))([^,]+)/.match($_) and \
+    #             puts "#{m[1]} => \x27#{m[2].strip}\x27,"'
+    HTTP_STATUS_CODES = {
+      100 => 'Continue',
+      101 => 'Switching Protocols',
+      102 => 'Processing',
+      200 => 'OK',
+      201 => 'Created',
+      202 => 'Accepted',
+      203 => 'Non-Authoritative Information',
+      204 => 'No Content',
+      205 => 'Reset Content',
+      206 => 'Partial Content',
+      207 => 'Multi-Status',
+      208 => 'Already Reported',
+      226 => 'IM Used',
+      300 => 'Multiple Choices',
+      301 => 'Moved Permanently',
+      302 => 'Found',
+      303 => 'See Other',
+      304 => 'Not Modified',
+      305 => 'Use Proxy',
+      307 => 'Temporary Redirect',
+      308 => 'Permanent Redirect',
+      400 => 'Bad Request',
+      401 => 'Unauthorized',
+      402 => 'Payment Required',
+      403 => 'Forbidden',
+      404 => 'Not Found',
+      405 => 'Method Not Allowed',
+      406 => 'Not Acceptable',
+      407 => 'Proxy Authentication Required',
+      408 => 'Request Timeout',
+      409 => 'Conflict',
+      410 => 'Gone',
+      411 => 'Length Required',
+      412 => 'Precondition Failed',
+      413 => 'Payload Too Large',
+      414 => 'URI Too Long',
+      415 => 'Unsupported Media Type',
+      416 => 'Range Not Satisfiable',
+      417 => 'Expectation Failed',
+      421 => 'Misdirected Request',
+      422 => 'Unprocessable Entity',
+      423 => 'Locked',
+      424 => 'Failed Dependency',
+      426 => 'Upgrade Required',
+      428 => 'Precondition Required',
+      429 => 'Too Many Requests',
+      431 => 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
+      451 => 'Unavailable for Legal Reasons',
+      500 => 'Internal Server Error',
+      501 => 'Not Implemented',
+      502 => 'Bad Gateway',
+      503 => 'Service Unavailable',
+      504 => 'Gateway Timeout',
+      505 => 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
+      506 => 'Variant Also Negotiates',
+      507 => 'Insufficient Storage',
+      508 => 'Loop Detected',
+      510 => 'Not Extended',
+      511 => 'Network Authentication Required'
+    }
+    # Responses with HTTP status codes that should not have an entity body
+    STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY = Set.new((100..199).to_a << 204 << 304)
+    SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE = Hash[*HTTP_STATUS_CODES.map { |code, message|
+      [message.downcase.gsub(/\s|-|'/, '_').to_sym, code]
+    }.flatten]
+    def status_code(status)
+      if status.is_a?(Symbol)
+        SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE[status] || 500
+      else
+        status.to_i
+      end
+    end
+    module_function :status_code
+    PATH_SEPS = Regexp.union(*[::File::SEPARATOR, ::File::ALT_SEPARATOR].compact)
+    def clean_path_info(path_info)
+      parts = path_info.split PATH_SEPS
+      clean = []
+      parts.each do |part|
+        next if part.empty? || part == '.'
+        part == '..' ? clean.pop : clean << part
+      end
+      clean.unshift '/' if parts.empty? || parts.first.empty?
+      ::File.join(*clean)
+    end
+    module_function :clean_path_info
+    NULL_BYTE = "\0".freeze
+    def valid_path?(path)
+      path.valid_encoding? && !path.include?(NULL_BYTE)
+    end
+    module_function :valid_path?
+  end
+end