mods 2.4.0 → 3.0.0

data/spec/subject_spec.rb

@@ -1,809 +0,0 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
-
-require 'spec_helper'
-
-describe "Mods <subject> Element" do
-  before(:all) do
-    @mods_rec = Mods::Record.new
-    @ns_decl = "xmlns='#{Mods::MODS_NS}'"
-  end
-
-  it "should do something intelligent with duplicate values" do
-    skip "to be implemented"
-  end
-
-  it "should do some date parsing of temporal element based on encoding" do
-    skip "to be implemented"
-  end
-
-  it "authority designation on the <subject> element should trickle down to child elements" do
-    skip "to be implemented"
-  end
-
-  it "should subject personal name dates should be cleaned up???" do
-    skip "to be implemented"
-  end
-
-  context "subterms for <name> child elements of <subject> element" do
-    before(:all) do
-      @both_types_sub = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Bridgens, R.P</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                    <name type='corporate'>
-                      <namePart>Britton &amp; Rey.</namePart>
-                    </name>
-                  </subject></mods>").subject
-      @pers_name_sub = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                  <name type='personal' authority='ingest'>
-                      <namePart type='family'>Edward VI , king of England, </namePart>
-                      <displayForm>Edward VI , king of England, 1537-1553</displayForm>
-                  </name></subject></mods>").subject
-      @mult_pers_name_sub = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Baker, George H</namePart>
-                     <role>
-                       <roleTerm type='text'>lithographer.</roleTerm>
-                     </role>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Beach, Ghilion</namePart>
-                     <role>
-                       <roleTerm type='text'>publisher.</roleTerm>
-                     </role>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Bridgens, R.P</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Couts, Cave Johnson</namePart>
-                     <namePart type='date'>1821-1874</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Kuchel, Charles Conrad</namePart>
-                     <namePart type='date'>b. 1820</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Nahl, Charles Christian</namePart>
-                     <namePart type='date'>1818-1878</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='personal'>
-                     <namePart>Swasey, W. F. (William F.)</namePart>
-                   </name></subject></mods>").subject
-      @mult_corp_name_sub = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                   <name type='corporate'>
-                     <namePart>Britton &amp; Rey.</namePart>
-                   </name>
-                 </subject><subject>
-                   <name type='corporate'>
-                     <namePart>Gray (W. Vallance) &amp; C.B. Gifford,</namePart>
-                     <role>
-                       <roleTerm type='text'>lithographers.</roleTerm>
-                     </role>
-                   </name></subject></mods>").subject
-    end
-    it "should be able to identify corporate names" do
-      expect(@both_types_sub.corporate_name.namePart.map { |e| e.text }).to eq(['Britton & Rey.'])
-    end
-    it "should be able to identify personal names" do
-      expect(@both_types_sub.personal_name.namePart.map { |e| e.text }).to eq(['Bridgens, R.P'])
-      expect(@pers_name_sub.personal_name.displayForm.map { |e| e.text }).to eq(['Edward VI , king of England, 1537-1553'])
-    end
-    it "should be able to identify roles associated with a name" do
-      expect(@mult_corp_name_sub.corporate_name.role.roleTerm.map { |e| e.text }).to eq(['lithographers.'])
-    end
-    it "should be able to identify dates associated with a name" do
-      expect(@mult_pers_name_sub.personal_name.date.map { |e| e.text }).to include("1818-1878")
-    end
-    it "should do the appropriate thing with the role for the value of a name" do
-      skip "name objects to be implemented"
-    end
-    it "should do the appropriate thing with the date for the value of a name" do
-      skip "name objects to be implemented"
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "basic subject terminology pieces" do
-
-    context "WITH namespaces" do
-      before(:all) do
-        @four_subjects = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Francisco (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Diego (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Luis Rey (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject></mods>").subject
-        @geo_code_subject = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                  <geographicCode authority='marcgac'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>").subject
-        @lcsh_subject = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                  <geographic>Africa</geographic>
-                  <genre>Maps</genre>
-                  <temporal>500-1400</temporal></subject></mods>").subject
-      end
-
-      it "should be a NodeSet" do
-        expect(@four_subjects).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        expect(@lcsh_subject).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-      end
-      it "should have as many members as there are <subject> elements in the xml" do
-        expect(@four_subjects.size).to eq(4)
-        expect(@lcsh_subject.size).to eq(1)
-      end
-      it "should recognize authority attribute on <subject> element" do
-        ['lcsh', 'ingest', 'lctgm'].each { |a|
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='#{a}'><topic>Ruler, English.</topic></subject></mods>").subject.authority).to eq([a])
-        }
-      end
-
-      context "<topic> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          topic = "<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority='lcsh'><topic>History</topic></subject></mods>"
-          @topic_simple = @mods_rec.from_str(topic).subject.topic
-          multi_topic = "<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                <topic>California as an island--Maps--1662?</topic>
-                <topic>North America--Maps--To 1800</topic>
-                <topic>North America--Maps--1662?</topic>
-              </subject></mods>"
-          @multi_topic = @mods_rec.from_str(multi_topic).subject.topic
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@topic_simple).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@multi_topic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "topic NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <topic> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@topic_simple.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@multi_topic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@four_subjects.topic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.topic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@topic_simple.text).to eq("History")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("California as an island--Maps--1662?")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("North America--Maps--To 1800")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("North America--Maps--1662?")
-          expect(@four_subjects.topic.text).to include("History")
-        end
-      end # <topic>
-
-      context "<geographic> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "geographic NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <geographic> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.geographic.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Francisco (Calif.)")
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Diego (Calif.)")
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Luis Rey (Calif.)")
-        end
-        it "should not include <geographicCode> element" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-      end # <geographic>
-
-      context "<temporal> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @temporal = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                    <temporal encoding='iso8601'>20010203T040506+0700</temporal>
-                    <!-- <temporal encoding='iso8601'>197505</temporal> -->
-                  </subject></mods>").subject.temporal
-        end
-
-        it "should recognize the date attributes" do
-          expect(@temporal.encoding).to eq(['iso8601'])
-          Mods::DATE_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><temporal #{a}='val'>now</temporal></subject></mods>").subject.temporal.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@temporal).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "temporal NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <temporal> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@temporal.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['500-1400'])
-          expect(@temporal.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['20010203T040506+0700'])
-        end
-      end # <temporal>
-
-      context "<genre> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "genre NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <genre> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre.size).to eq(4)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['Maps'])
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre.map { |n| n.text }).to include("Pictorial works")
-        end
-      end # <genre>
-
-      context "<geographicCode> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "cartographics NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <geographicCode> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['f------'])
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode #{a}='attr_val'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize the sanctioned authorities" do
-          Mods::Subject::GEO_CODE_AUTHORITIES.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='#{a}'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.authority).to eq([a])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should not recognize unsanctioned authorities?" do
-          @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='fake'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-          skip "to be implemented"
-          expect { @mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.authority }.to raise_error(/no idea/)
-        end
-        context "translated_value convenience method" do
-          it "should be the translation of the code if it is a marcgac code" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='marcgac'>e-er</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Estonia"])
-          end
-          it "should be the translation of the code if it is a marccountry code" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='marccountry'>mg</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Madagascar"])
-          end
-          it "should be nil if the code is invalid" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='marcgac'>zzz</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value.size).to eq(0)
-          end
-          it "should be nil if we don't have a translation for the authority" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='iso3166'>zzz</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value.size).to eq(0)
-          end
-          it "should work with non-ascii characters" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><geographicCode authority='marccountry'>co</geographicCode></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Curaçao"])
-          end
-        end
-      end # <geographicCode>
-
-      context "<titleInfo> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @title_info = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-            <titleInfo>
-              <nonSort>The</nonSort>
-              <title>Olympics</title>
-              <subTitle>a history</subTitle>
-            </titleInfo>
-          </subject></mods>").subject.titleInfo
-        end
-        it "should understand all attributes allowed on a <titleInfo> element" do
-          Mods::TitleInfo::ATTRIBUTES.each { |a|
-            ti = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><titleInfo #{a}='attr_val'>THE</titleInfo></subject></mods>").subject.titleInfo
-            if (a == 'type')
-              expect(ti.type_at).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            else
-              expect(ti.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should understand all immediate child elements allowed on a <titleInfo> element" do
-          Mods::TitleInfo::CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><titleInfo><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></titleInfo></subject></mods>").subject.titleInfo.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(@title_info.nonSort.map {|n| n.text}).to eq(["The"])
-        end
-
-        it "should recognize authority attribute on the <titleInfo> element" do
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-            	<titleInfo type='uniform' authority='naf'>
-            	  	<title>Missale Carnotense</title>
-            	</titleInfo></subject></mods>").subject.titleInfo.authority).to eq(["naf"])
-        end
-      end # <titleInfo>
-
-      context "<name> child element" do
-        it "should understand all attributes allowed on a <name> element" do
-          Mods::Name::ATTRIBUTES.each { |a|
-            name = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><name #{a}='attr_val'>Obadiah</name></subject></mods>").subject.name_el
-            if (a == 'type')
-              expect(name.type_at).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            else
-              expect(name.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should understand all immediate child elements allowed on a <name> element" do
-          Mods::Name::CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            name = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><name><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></name></subject></mods>").subject.name_el
-            if (e == 'description')
-              expect(name.description_el.text).to eq('el_val')
-            elsif (e != 'role')
-              expect(name.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attribute on the <name> element" do
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-             <name type='personal' authority='lcsh'>
-               <namePart>Nahl, Charles Christian</namePart>
-               <namePart type='date'>1818-1878</namePart>
-             </name></mods>").subject.name_el.authority).to eq(["lcsh"])
-        end
-      end # <name>
-
-      context "<hiearchicalGeographic> child element" do
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><hierarchicalGeographic #{a}='attr_val'><country>Albania</country></hierarchicalGeographic></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.hierarchicalGeographic.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize allowed child elements" do
-          Mods::Subject::HIER_GEO_CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><hierarchicalGeographic><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></hierarchicalGeographic></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.hierarchicalGeographic.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(Mods::Subject::HIER_GEO_CHILD_ELEMENTS.size).to eq(12)
-        end
-      end # <hierarchicalGeographic>
-
-      context "<cartographics> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @carto_scale = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                    <cartographics>
-                      <scale>[ca.1:90,000,000], [173</scale>
-                    </cartographics>
-                  </subject></mods>").subject.cartographics
-          @carto_empties = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject authority=''>
-                     <cartographics>
-                       <scale/>
-                       <coordinates>W1730000 W0100000 N840000 N071000</coordinates>
-                       <projection/>
-                     </cartographics>
-                   </subject></mods>").subject.cartographics
-          @multi_carto = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <coordinates>W0180000 E0510000 N370000 S350000</coordinates>
-                      </cartographics>
-                   </subject><subject>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <scale>Scale [ca. 1:50,000,000]</scale>
-                      </cartographics>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <coordinates>(W18&#xB0;--E51&#xB0;/N37&#xB0;--S35&#xB0;).</coordinates>
-                      </cartographics>
-                   </subject></mods>").subject.cartographics
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@carto_scale).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@carto_empties).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@multi_carto).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "cartographics NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <cartographics> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@carto_scale.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@carto_empties.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@multi_carto.size).to eq(3)
-        end
-        it "should recognize allowed child elements" do
-          Mods::Subject::CARTOGRAPHICS_CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><cartographics><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></cartographics></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.cartographics.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(Mods::Subject::CARTOGRAPHICS_CHILD_ELEMENTS.size).to eq(3)
-        end
-        it "should get the number of populated <coordinates> elements for coordinates term" do
-          @multi_carto.coordinates.size == 2
-        end
-        it "should be able to get the value of populated elements" do
-          expect(@carto_scale.scale.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['[ca.1:90,000,000], [173'])
-          expect(@carto_empties.coordinates.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['W1730000 W0100000 N840000 N071000'])
-        end
-        it "should get the empty string for empty elements?" do
-          expect(@carto_empties.projection.map { |n| n.text }).to eq([''])
-        end
-      end # <cartographics>
-
-      context "<occupation> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @occupation = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><occupation>Migrant laborers</occupation></mods>").subject.occupation
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@occupation).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "occupation NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <occupation> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@occupation.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@occupation.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['Migrant laborers'])
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods #{@ns_decl}><subject><occupation #{a}='attr_val'>Flunkie</occupation></subject></mods>")
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.occupation.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-      end # <occupation>
-    end # WITH namespaces
-
-    context "WITHOUT namespaces" do
-      before(:all) do
-        @four_subjects = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Francisco (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Diego (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <topic>History</topic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject>
-           <subject authority='lcsh'>
-             <geographic>San Luis Rey (Calif.)</geographic>
-             <genre>Pictorial works</genre>
-           </subject></mods>", false).subject
-        @geo_code_subject = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-                  <geographicCode authority='marcgac'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false).subject
-        @lcsh_subject = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject authority='lcsh'>
-                  <geographic>Africa</geographic>
-                  <genre>Maps</genre>
-                  <temporal>500-1400</temporal></subject></mods>", false).subject
-      end
-
-      it "should be a NodeSet" do
-        expect(@four_subjects).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        expect(@lcsh_subject).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-      end
-      it "should have as many members as there are <subject> elements in the xml" do
-        expect(@four_subjects.size).to eq(4)
-        expect(@lcsh_subject.size).to eq(1)
-      end
-      it "should recognize authority attribute on <subject> element" do
-        ['lcsh', 'ingest', 'lctgm'].each { |a|
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject authority='#{a}'><topic>Ruler, English.</topic></subject></mods>", false).subject.authority).to eq([a])
-        }
-      end
-
-      context "<topic> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          topic = "<mods><subject authority='lcsh'><topic>History</topic></subject></mods>"
-          @topic_simple = @mods_rec.from_str(topic, false).subject.topic
-          multi_topic = "<mods><subject>
-                <topic>California as an island--Maps--1662?</topic>
-                <topic>North America--Maps--To 1800</topic>
-                <topic>North America--Maps--1662?</topic>
-              </subject></mods>"
-          @multi_topic = @mods_rec.from_str(multi_topic, false).subject.topic
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@topic_simple).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@multi_topic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "topic NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <topic> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@topic_simple.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@multi_topic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@four_subjects.topic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.topic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@topic_simple.text).to eq("History")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("California as an island--Maps--1662?")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("North America--Maps--To 1800")
-          expect(@multi_topic.text).to include("North America--Maps--1662?")
-          expect(@four_subjects.topic.text).to include("History")
-        end
-      end # <topic>
-
-      context "<geographic> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "geographic NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <geographic> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.size).to eq(3)
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.geographic.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Francisco (Calif.)")
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Diego (Calif.)")
-          expect(@four_subjects.geographic.text).to include("San Luis Rey (Calif.)")
-        end
-        it "should not include <geographicCode> element" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographic.size).to eq(0)
-        end
-      end # <geographic>
-
-      context "<temporal> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @temporal = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-                    <temporal encoding='iso8601'>20010203T040506+0700</temporal>
-                    <!-- <temporal encoding='iso8601'>197505</temporal> -->
-                  </subject></mods>", false).subject.temporal
-        end
-
-        it "should recognize the date attributes" do
-          expect(@temporal.encoding).to eq(['iso8601'])
-          Mods::DATE_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><temporal #{a}='val'>now</temporal></subject></mods>", false).subject.temporal.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@temporal).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "temporal NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <temporal> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@temporal.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.temporal.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['500-1400'])
-          expect(@temporal.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['20010203T040506+0700'])
-        end
-      end # <temporal>
-
-      context "<genre> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "genre NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <genre> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre.size).to eq(4)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@lcsh_subject.genre.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['Maps'])
-          expect(@four_subjects.genre.map { |n| n.text }).to include("Pictorial works")
-        end
-      end # <genre>
-
-      context "<geographicCode> child element" do
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "cartographics NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <geographicCode> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@geo_code_subject.geographicCode.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['f------'])
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode #{a}='attr_val'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize the sanctioned authorities" do
-          Mods::Subject::GEO_CODE_AUTHORITIES.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='#{a}'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.authority).to eq([a])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should not recognize unsanctioned authorities?" do
-          @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='fake'>f------</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-          skip "to be implemented"
-          expect { @mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.authority }.to raise_error(/no idea/)
-        end
-        context "translated_value convenience method" do
-          it "should be the translation of the code if it is a marcgac code" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='marcgac'>e-er</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Estonia"])
-          end
-          it "should be the translation of the code if it is a marccountry code" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='marccountry'>mg</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Madagascar"])
-          end
-          it "should be empty if the code is invalid" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='marcgac'>zzz</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value.size).to eq(0)
-          end
-          it "should be empty if we don't have a translation for the authority" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='iso3166'>zzz</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value.size).to eq(0)
-          end
-          it "should work with non-ascii characters" do
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><geographicCode authority='marccountry'>co</geographicCode></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.geographicCode.translated_value).to eq(["Curaçao"])
-          end
-        end
-      end # <geographicCode>
-
-      context "<titleInfo> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @title_info = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-            <titleInfo>
-              <nonSort>The</nonSort>
-              <title>Olympics</title>
-              <subTitle>a history</subTitle>
-            </titleInfo>
-          </subject></mods>", false).subject.titleInfo
-        end
-        it "should understand all attributes allowed on a <titleInfo> element" do
-          Mods::TitleInfo::ATTRIBUTES.each { |a|
-            ti = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><titleInfo #{a}='attr_val'>THE</titleInfo></subject></mods>", false).subject.titleInfo
-            if (a == 'type')
-              expect(ti.type_at).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            else
-              expect(ti.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should understand all immediate child elements allowed on a <titleInfo> element" do
-          Mods::TitleInfo::CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><titleInfo><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></titleInfo></subject></mods>", false).subject.titleInfo.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(@title_info.nonSort.map {|n| n.text}).to eq(["The"])
-        end
-
-        it "should recognize authority attribute on the <titleInfo> element" do
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-            	<titleInfo type='uniform' authority='naf'>
-            	  	<title>Missale Carnotense</title>
-            	</titleInfo></subject></mods>", false).subject.titleInfo.authority).to eq(["naf"])
-        end
-      end # <titleInfo>
-
-      context "<name> child element" do
-        it "should understand all attributes allowed on a <name> element" do
-          Mods::Name::ATTRIBUTES.each { |a|
-            name = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><name #{a}='attr_val'>Obadiah</name></subject></mods>", false).subject.name_el
-            if (a == 'type')
-              expect(name.type_at).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            else
-              expect(name.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should understand all immediate child elements allowed on a <name> element" do
-          Mods::Name::CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            name = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><name><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></name></subject></mods>", false).subject.name_el
-            if (e == 'description')
-              expect(name.description_el.text).to eq('el_val')
-            elsif (e != 'role')
-              expect(name.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attribute on the <name> element" do
-          expect(@mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-             <name type='personal' authority='lcsh'>
-               <namePart>Nahl, Charles Christian</namePart>
-               <namePart type='date'>1818-1878</namePart>
-             </name></mods>", false).subject.name_el.authority).to eq(["lcsh"])
-        end
-      end # <name>
-
-      context "<hiearchicalGeographic> child element" do
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><hierarchicalGeographic #{a}='attr_val'><country>Albania</country></hierarchicalGeographic></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.hierarchicalGeographic.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-        it "should recognize allowed child elements" do
-          Mods::Subject::HIER_GEO_CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><hierarchicalGeographic><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></hierarchicalGeographic></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.hierarchicalGeographic.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(Mods::Subject::HIER_GEO_CHILD_ELEMENTS.size).to eq(12)
-        end
-      end # <hierarchicalGeographic>
-
-      context "<cartographics> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @carto_scale = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-                    <cartographics>
-                      <scale>[ca.1:90,000,000], [173</scale>
-                    </cartographics>
-                  </subject></mods>", false).subject.cartographics
-          @carto_empties = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject authority=''>
-                     <cartographics>
-                       <scale/>
-                       <coordinates>W1730000 W0100000 N840000 N071000</coordinates>
-                       <projection/>
-                     </cartographics>
-                   </subject></mods>", false).subject.cartographics
-          @multi_carto = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <coordinates>W0180000 E0510000 N370000 S350000</coordinates>
-                      </cartographics>
-                   </subject><subject>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <scale>Scale [ca. 1:50,000,000]</scale>
-                      </cartographics>
-                      <cartographics>
-                         <coordinates>(W18&#xB0;--E51&#xB0;/N37&#xB0;--S35&#xB0;).</coordinates>
-                      </cartographics>
-                   </subject></mods>", false).subject.cartographics
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@carto_scale).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@carto_empties).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-          expect(@multi_carto).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "cartographics NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <cartographics> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@carto_scale.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@carto_empties.size).to eq(1)
-          expect(@multi_carto.size).to eq(3)
-        end
-        it "should recognize allowed child elements" do
-          Mods::Subject::CARTOGRAPHICS_CHILD_ELEMENTS.each { |e|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><cartographics><#{e}>el_val</#{e}></cartographics></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.cartographics.send(e.to_sym).text).to eq('el_val')
-          }
-          expect(Mods::Subject::CARTOGRAPHICS_CHILD_ELEMENTS.size).to eq(3)
-        end
-        it "should get the number of populated <coordinates> elements for coordinates term" do
-          @multi_carto.coordinates.size == 2
-        end
-        it "should be able to get the value of populated elements" do
-          expect(@carto_scale.scale.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['[ca.1:90,000,000], [173'])
-          expect(@carto_empties.coordinates.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['W1730000 W0100000 N840000 N071000'])
-        end
-        it "should get the empty string for empty elements?" do
-          expect(@carto_empties.projection.map { |n| n.text }).to eq([''])
-        end
-      end # <cartographics>
-
-      context "<occupation> child element" do
-        before(:all) do
-          @occupation = @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><occupation>Migrant laborers</occupation></mods>", false).subject.occupation
-        end
-        it "should be a NodeSet" do
-          expect(@occupation).to be_an_instance_of(Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet)
-        end
-        it "occupation NodeSet should have as many Nodes as there are <occupation> elements in the xml" do
-          expect(@occupation.size).to eq(1)
-        end
-        it "text should get element value" do
-          expect(@occupation.map { |n| n.text }).to eq(['Migrant laborers'])
-        end
-        it "should recognize authority attributes" do
-          Mods::AUTHORITY_ATTRIBS.each { |a|
-            @mods_rec.from_str("<mods><subject><occupation #{a}='attr_val'>Flunkie</occupation></subject></mods>", false)
-            expect(@mods_rec.subject.occupation.send(a.to_sym)).to eq(['attr_val'])
-          }
-        end
-      end # <occupation>
-    end # WITHOUT namespaces
-
-  end # basic subject terminology
-
-end