minilab 1.1.0-x86-mswin32-60

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  1. data/CHANGES +8 -0
  2. data/LICENSE +19 -0
  3. data/README +105 -0
  4. data/Rakefile +83 -0
  5. data/config/environment.rb +23 -0
  6. data/config/objects.yml +23 -0
  7. data/lib/analog_io.rb +23 -0
  8. data/lib/connection_state.rb +13 -0
  9. data/lib/digital_auxport_io.rb +34 -0
  10. data/lib/digital_configuration.rb +53 -0
  11. data/lib/digital_port_io.rb +39 -0
  12. data/lib/library_translator.rb +46 -0
  13. data/lib/minilab.rb +130 -0
  14. data/lib/minilab_constants.rb +20 -0
  15. data/lib/minilab_context.rb +14 -0
  16. data/lib/minilab_hardware.rb +112 -0
  17. data/lib/minilab_wrapper.rb +12 -0
  18. data/test/system/analog_input.test +3 -0
  19. data/test/system/analog_output.test +37 -0
  20. data/test/system/digital_port_input.test +5 -0
  21. data/test/system/digital_port_output.test +39 -0
  22. data/test/system/digital_port_read_byte.test +26 -0
  23. data/test/system/digital_screw_terminals_input.test +2 -0
  24. data/test/system/digital_screw_terminals_output.test +11 -0
  25. data/test/system/minilab_driver.rb +83 -0
  26. data/test/test_helper.rb +15 -0
  27. data/test/unit/analog_io_test.rb +54 -0
  28. data/test/unit/connection_state_test.rb +18 -0
  29. data/test/unit/digital_auxport_io_test.rb +102 -0
  30. data/test/unit/digital_configuration_test.rb +100 -0
  31. data/test/unit/digital_port_io_test.rb +67 -0
  32. data/test/unit/library_translator_test.rb +98 -0
  33. data/test/unit/minilab_context_test.rb +23 -0
  34. data/test/unit/minilab_hardware_test.rb +33 -0
  35. data/test/unit/minilab_test.rb +115 -0
  36. data/test/unit/minilab_wrapper_test.rb +24 -0
  37. data/vendor/behaviors/lib/behaviors.rb +50 -0
  38. data/vendor/behaviors/tasks/behaviors_tasks.rake +140 -0
  39. data/vendor/behaviors/test/behaviors_tasks_test.rb +71 -0
  40. data/vendor/behaviors/test/behaviors_test.rb +50 -0
  41. data/vendor/behaviors/test/tasks_test/Rakefile +16 -0
  42. data/vendor/behaviors/test/tasks_test/doc/behaviors.html +55 -0
  43. data/vendor/behaviors/test/tasks_test/lib/user.rb +2 -0
  44. data/vendor/behaviors/test/tasks_test/test/user_test.rb +17 -0
  45. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/History.txt +11 -0
  46. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/Manifest.txt +6 -0
  47. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/README.txt +77 -0
  48. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/Rakefile +33 -0
  49. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/lib/constructor.rb +119 -0
  50. data/vendor/constructor-1.0.2/specs/constructor_spec.rb +345 -0
  51. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/History.txt +23 -0
  52. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/Manifest.txt +88 -0
  53. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/README.txt +220 -0
  54. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/Rakefile +29 -0
  55. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/TODO.txt +9 -0
  56. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/Notes.txt +27 -0
  57. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/Rakefile +14 -0
  58. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/diy_example.png +0 -0
  59. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/index.erb +36 -0
  60. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/index.html +45 -0
  61. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/objects_yml.png +0 -0
  62. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/page_header.graffle +0 -0
  63. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/page_header.html +9 -0
  64. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/homepage/page_header.png +0 -0
  65. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/lib/diy.rb +365 -0
  66. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/sample_code/car.rb +7 -0
  67. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/sample_code/chassis.rb +5 -0
  68. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/sample_code/diy_example.rb +26 -0
  69. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/sample_code/engine.rb +5 -0
  70. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/sample_code/objects.yml +10 -0
  71. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/constructor.rb +119 -0
  72. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/diy_test.rb +604 -0
  73. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/broken_construction.yml +7 -0
  74. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/cat/cat.rb +3 -0
  75. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/cat/extra_conflict.yml +5 -0
  76. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/cat/heritage.rb +2 -0
  77. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/cat/needs_input.yml +3 -0
  78. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/cat/the_cat_lineage.rb +1 -0
  79. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/dog_model.rb +3 -0
  80. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/dog_presenter.rb +3 -0
  81. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/dog_view.rb +2 -0
  82. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/file_resolver.rb +2 -0
  83. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/other_thing.rb +2 -0
  84. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/dog/simple.yml +11 -0
  85. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/donkey/foo.rb +8 -0
  86. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/donkey/foo/bar/qux.rb +7 -0
  87. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/fud/objects.yml +13 -0
  88. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/fud/toy.rb +14 -0
  89. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/invalid_method.yml +5 -0
  90. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/method_extractor.rb +3 -0
  91. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/nonsingleton_objects.yml +6 -0
  92. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/objects.yml +11 -0
  93. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/thing.rb +3 -0
  94. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/thing_builder.rb +21 -0
  95. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/functions/things_builder.rb +3 -0
  96. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/gnu/objects.yml +14 -0
  97. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/gnu/thinger.rb +7 -0
  98. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/base.rb +8 -0
  99. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/can.rb +6 -0
  100. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/goat.rb +6 -0
  101. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/objects.yml +12 -0
  102. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/paper.rb +6 -0
  103. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/plane.rb +7 -0
  104. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/shirt.rb +6 -0
  105. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/goat/wings.rb +8 -0
  106. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/horse/holder_thing.rb +3 -0
  107. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/horse/objects.yml +7 -0
  108. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/animal/bird.rb +5 -0
  109. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/animal/cat.rb +5 -0
  110. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/animal/reptile/hardshell/turtle.rb +8 -0
  111. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/animal/reptile/lizard.rb +7 -0
  112. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/bad_module_specified.yml +8 -0
  113. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/class_name_combine.yml +8 -0
  114. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/hello.txt +1 -0
  115. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/no_module_specified.yml +8 -0
  116. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/objects.yml +21 -0
  117. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/road.rb +2 -0
  118. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/sky.rb +2 -0
  119. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/namespace/subcontext.yml +22 -0
  120. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/air.rb +2 -0
  121. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/fat_cat.rb +3 -0
  122. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/objects.yml +19 -0
  123. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/pig.rb +3 -0
  124. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/thread_spinner.rb +3 -0
  125. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/tick.rb +3 -0
  126. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/non_singleton/yard.rb +2 -0
  127. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/core_model.rb +3 -0
  128. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/core_presenter.rb +3 -0
  129. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/core_view.rb +1 -0
  130. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/data_source.rb +1 -0
  131. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/fringe_model.rb +3 -0
  132. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/fringe_presenter.rb +3 -0
  133. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/fringe_view.rb +1 -0
  134. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/giant_squid.rb +3 -0
  135. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/krill.rb +2 -0
  136. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/my_objects.yml +21 -0
  137. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/files/yak/sub_sub_context_test.yml +27 -0
  138. data/vendor/diy-1.1.1/test/test_helper.rb +39 -0
  139. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/LICENSE +51 -0
  140. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/Rakefile +142 -0
  141. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.c +412 -0
  142. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.h +68 -0
  143. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/ext/ffi_c/AutoPointer.c +60 -0
  144. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/ext/ffi_c/AutoPointer.h +18 -0
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  158. data/vendor/ffi-0.4.0-x86-mswin32/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.c +164 -0
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@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
1
+ \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
2
+ @c %**start of header
3
+ @setfilename libffi.info
4
+ @settitle libffi
5
+ @setchapternewpage off
6
+ @c %**end of header
7
+
8
+ @c Merge the standard indexes into a single one.
9
+ @syncodeindex fn cp
10
+ @syncodeindex vr cp
11
+ @syncodeindex ky cp
12
+ @syncodeindex pg cp
13
+ @syncodeindex tp cp
14
+
15
+ @include version.texi
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+
17
+ @copying
18
+
19
+ This manual is for Libffi, a portable foreign-function interface
20
+ library.
21
+
22
+ Copyright @copyright{} 2008 Red Hat, Inc.
23
+
24
+ @quotation
25
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
26
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
27
+ Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
28
+ later version. A copy of the license is included in the
29
+ section entitled ``GNU General Public License''.
30
+
31
+ @end quotation
32
+ @end copying
33
+
34
+ @dircategory
35
+ @direntry
36
+ * libffi: (libffi). Portable foreign-function interface library.
37
+ @end direntry
38
+
39
+ @titlepage
40
+ @title Libffi
41
+ @page
42
+ @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
43
+ @insertcopying
44
+ @end titlepage
45
+
46
+
47
+ @ifnottex
48
+ @node Top
49
+ @top libffi
50
+
51
+ @insertcopying
52
+
53
+ @menu
54
+ * Introduction:: What is libffi?
55
+ * Using libffi:: How to use libffi.
56
+ * Missing Features:: Things libffi can't do.
57
+ * Index:: Index.
58
+ @end menu
59
+
60
+ @end ifnottex
61
+
62
+
63
+ @node Introduction
64
+ @chapter What is libffi?
65
+
66
+ Compilers for high level languages generate code that follow certain
67
+ conventions. These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate
68
+ compilation to work. One such convention is the @dfn{calling
69
+ convention}. The calling convention is a set of assumptions made by
70
+ the compiler about where function arguments will be found on entry to
71
+ a function. A calling convention also specifies where the return
72
+ value for a function is found. The calling convention is also
73
+ sometimes called the @dfn{ABI} or @dfn{Application Binary Interface}.
74
+ @cindex calling convention
75
+ @cindex ABI
76
+ @cindex Application Binary Interface
77
+
78
+ Some programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments
79
+ are to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be
80
+ told at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call
81
+ a given function. @samp{Libffi} can be used in such programs to
82
+ provide a bridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.
83
+
84
+ The @samp{libffi} library provides a portable, high level programming
85
+ interface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to
86
+ call any function specified by a call interface description at run
87
+ time.
88
+
89
+ @acronym{FFI} stands for Foreign Function Interface. A foreign
90
+ function interface is the popular name for the interface that allows
91
+ code written in one language to call code written in another language.
92
+ The @samp{libffi} library really only provides the lowest, machine
93
+ dependent layer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A
94
+ layer must exist above @samp{libffi} that handles type conversions for
95
+ values passed between the two languages.
96
+ @cindex FFI
97
+ @cindex Foreign Function Interface
98
+
99
+
100
+ @node Using libffi
101
+ @chapter Using libffi
102
+
103
+ @menu
104
+ * The Basics:: The basic libffi API.
105
+ * Simple Example:: A simple example.
106
+ * Types:: libffi type descriptions.
107
+ * Multiple ABIs:: Different passing styles on one platform.
108
+ * The Closure API:: Writing a generic function.
109
+ @end menu
110
+
111
+
112
+ @node The Basics
113
+ @section The Basics
114
+
115
+ @samp{Libffi} assumes that you have a pointer to the function you wish
116
+ to call and that you know the number and types of arguments to pass
117
+ it, as well as the return type of the function.
118
+
119
+ The first thing you must do is create an @code{ffi_cif} object that
120
+ matches the signature of the function you wish to call. This is a
121
+ separate step because it is common to make multiple calls using a
122
+ single @code{ffi_cif}. The @dfn{cif} in @code{ffi_cif} stands for
123
+ Call InterFace. To prepare a call interface object, use the function
124
+ @code{ffi_prep_cif}.
125
+ @cindex cif
126
+
127
+ @findex ffi_prep_cif
128
+ @defun ffi_status ffi_prep_cif (ffi_cif *@var{cif}, ffi_abi @var{abi}, unsigned int @var{nargs}, ffi_type *@var{rtype}, ffi_type **@var{argtypes})
129
+ This initializes @var{cif} according to the given parameters.
130
+
131
+ @var{abi} is the ABI to use; normally @code{FFI_DEFAULT_ABI} is what
132
+ you want. @ref{Multiple ABIs} for more information.
133
+
134
+ @var{nargs} is the number of arguments that this function accepts.
135
+ @samp{libffi} does not yet handle varargs functions; see @ref{Missing
136
+ Features} for more information.
137
+
138
+ @var{rtype} is a pointer to an @code{ffi_type} structure that
139
+ describes the return type of the function. @xref{Types}.
140
+
141
+ @var{argtypes} is a vector of @code{ffi_type} pointers.
142
+ @var{argtypes} must have @var{nargs} elements. If @var{nargs} is 0,
143
+ this argument is ignored.
144
+
145
+ @code{ffi_prep_cif} returns a @code{libffi} status code, of type
146
+ @code{ffi_status}. This will be either @code{FFI_OK} if everything
147
+ worked properly; @code{FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF} if one of the @code{ffi_type}
148
+ objects is incorrect; or @code{FFI_BAD_ABI} if the @var{abi} parameter
149
+ is invalid.
150
+ @end defun
151
+
152
+
153
+ To call a function using an initialized @code{ffi_cif}, use the
154
+ @code{ffi_call} function:
155
+
156
+ @findex ffi_call
157
+ @defun void ffi_call (ffi_cif *@var{cif}, void *@var{fn}, void *@var{rvalue}, void **@var{avalues})
158
+ This calls the function @var{fn} according to the description given in
159
+ @var{cif}. @var{cif} must have already been prepared using
160
+ @code{ffi_prep_cif}.
161
+
162
+ @var{rvalue} is a pointer to a chunk of memory that will hold the
163
+ result of the function call. This must be large enough to hold the
164
+ result and must be suitably aligned; it is the caller's responsibility
165
+ to ensure this. If @var{cif} declares that the function returns
166
+ @code{void} (using @code{ffi_type_void}), then @var{rvalue} is
167
+ ignored. If @var{rvalue} is @samp{NULL}, then the return value is
168
+ discarded.
169
+
170
+ @var{avalues} is a vector of @code{void *} pointers that point to the
171
+ memory locations holding the argument values for a call. If @var{cif}
172
+ declares that the function has no arguments (i.e., @var{nargs} was 0),
173
+ then @var{avalues} is ignored.
174
+ @end defun
175
+
176
+
177
+ @node Simple Example
178
+ @section Simple Example
179
+
180
+ Here is a trivial example that calls @code{puts} a few times.
181
+
182
+ @example
183
+ #include <stdio.h>
184
+ #include <ffi.h>
185
+
186
+ int main()
187
+ @{
188
+ ffi_cif cif;
189
+ ffi_type *args[1];
190
+ void *values[1];
191
+ char *s;
192
+ int rc;
193
+
194
+ /* Initialize the argument info vectors */
195
+ args[0] = &ffi_type_pointer;
196
+ values[0] = &s;
197
+
198
+ /* Initialize the cif */
199
+ if (ffi_prep_cif(&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 1,
200
+ &ffi_type_uint, args) == FFI_OK)
201
+ @{
202
+ s = "Hello World!";
203
+ ffi_call(&cif, puts, &rc, values);
204
+ /* rc now holds the result of the call to puts */
205
+
206
+ /* values holds a pointer to the function's arg, so to
207
+ call puts() again all we need to do is change the
208
+ value of s */
209
+ s = "This is cool!";
210
+ ffi_call(&cif, puts, &rc, values);
211
+ @}
212
+
213
+ return 0;
214
+ @}
215
+ @end example
216
+
217
+
218
+ @node Types
219
+ @section Types
220
+
221
+ @menu
222
+ * Primitive Types:: Built-in types.
223
+ * Structures:: Structure types.
224
+ * Type Example:: Structure type example.
225
+ @end menu
226
+
227
+ @node Primitive Types
228
+ @subsection Primitive Types
229
+
230
+ @code{Libffi} provides a number of built-in type descriptors that can
231
+ be used to describe argument and return types:
232
+
233
+ @table @code
234
+ @item ffi_type_void
235
+ @tindex ffi_type_void
236
+ The type @code{void}. This cannot be used for argument types, only
237
+ for return values.
238
+
239
+ @item ffi_type_uint8
240
+ @tindex ffi_type_uint8
241
+ An unsigned, 8-bit integer type.
242
+
243
+ @item ffi_type_sint8
244
+ @tindex ffi_type_sint8
245
+ A signed, 8-bit integer type.
246
+
247
+ @item ffi_type_uint16
248
+ @tindex ffi_type_uint16
249
+ An unsigned, 16-bit integer type.
250
+
251
+ @item ffi_type_sint16
252
+ @tindex ffi_type_sint16
253
+ A signed, 16-bit integer type.
254
+
255
+ @item ffi_type_uint32
256
+ @tindex ffi_type_uint32
257
+ An unsigned, 32-bit integer type.
258
+
259
+ @item ffi_type_sint32
260
+ @tindex ffi_type_sint32
261
+ A signed, 32-bit integer type.
262
+
263
+ @item ffi_type_uint64
264
+ @tindex ffi_type_uint64
265
+ An unsigned, 64-bit integer type.
266
+
267
+ @item ffi_type_sint64
268
+ @tindex ffi_type_sint64
269
+ A signed, 64-bit integer type.
270
+
271
+ @item ffi_type_float
272
+ @tindex ffi_type_float
273
+ The C @code{float} type.
274
+
275
+ @item ffi_type_double
276
+ @tindex ffi_type_double
277
+ The C @code{double} type.
278
+
279
+ @item ffi_type_uchar
280
+ @tindex ffi_type_uchar
281
+ The C @code{unsigned char} type.
282
+
283
+ @item ffi_type_schar
284
+ @tindex ffi_type_schar
285
+ The C @code{signed char} type. (Note that there is not an exact
286
+ equivalent to the C @code{char} type in @code{libffi}; ordinarily you
287
+ should either use @code{ffi_type_schar} or @code{ffi_type_uchar}
288
+ depending on whether @code{char} is signed.)
289
+
290
+ @item ffi_type_ushort
291
+ @tindex ffi_type_ushort
292
+ The C @code{unsigned short} type.
293
+
294
+ @item ffi_type_sshort
295
+ @tindex ffi_type_sshort
296
+ The C @code{short} type.
297
+
298
+ @item ffi_type_uint
299
+ @tindex ffi_type_uint
300
+ The C @code{unsigned int} type.
301
+
302
+ @item ffi_type_sint
303
+ @tindex ffi_type_sint
304
+ The C @code{int} type.
305
+
306
+ @item ffi_type_ulong
307
+ @tindex ffi_type_ulong
308
+ The C @code{unsigned long} type.
309
+
310
+ @item ffi_type_slong
311
+ @tindex ffi_type_slong
312
+ The C @code{long} type.
313
+
314
+ @item ffi_type_longdouble
315
+ @tindex ffi_type_longdouble
316
+ On platforms that have a C @code{long double} type, this is defined.
317
+ On other platforms, it is not.
318
+
319
+ @item ffi_type_pointer
320
+ @tindex ffi_type_pointer
321
+ A generic @code{void *} pointer. You should use this for all
322
+ pointers, regardless of their real type.
323
+ @end table
324
+
325
+ Each of these is of type @code{ffi_type}, so you must take the address
326
+ when passing to @code{ffi_prep_cif}.
327
+
328
+
329
+ @node Structures
330
+ @subsection Structures
331
+
332
+ Although @samp{libffi} has no special support for unions or
333
+ bit-fields, it is perfectly happy passing structures back and forth.
334
+ You must first describe the structure to @samp{libffi} by creating a
335
+ new @code{ffi_type} object for it.
336
+
337
+ @tindex ffi_type
338
+ @deftp ffi_type
339
+ The @code{ffi_type} has the following members:
340
+ @table @code
341
+ @item size_t size
342
+ This is set by @code{libffi}; you should initialize it to zero.
343
+
344
+ @item unsigned short alignment
345
+ This is set by @code{libffi}; you should initialize it to zero.
346
+
347
+ @item unsigned short type
348
+ For a structure, this should be set to @code{FFI_TYPE_STRUCT}.
349
+
350
+ @item ffi_type **elements
351
+ This is a @samp{NULL}-terminated array of pointers to @code{ffi_type}
352
+ objects. There is one element per field of the struct.
353
+ @end table
354
+ @end deftp
355
+
356
+
357
+ @node Type Example
358
+ @subsection Type Example
359
+
360
+ The following example initializes a @code{ffi_type} object
361
+ representing the @code{tm} struct from Linux's @file{time.h}.
362
+
363
+ Here is how the struct is defined:
364
+
365
+ @example
366
+ struct tm @{
367
+ int tm_sec;
368
+ int tm_min;
369
+ int tm_hour;
370
+ int tm_mday;
371
+ int tm_mon;
372
+ int tm_year;
373
+ int tm_wday;
374
+ int tm_yday;
375
+ int tm_isdst;
376
+ /* Those are for future use. */
377
+ long int __tm_gmtoff__;
378
+ __const char *__tm_zone__;
379
+ @};
380
+ @end example
381
+
382
+ Here is the corresponding code to describe this struct to
383
+ @code{libffi}:
384
+
385
+ @example
386
+ @{
387
+ ffi_type tm_type;
388
+ ffi_type *tm_type_elements[12];
389
+ int i;
390
+
391
+ tm_type.size = tm_type.alignment = 0;
392
+ tm_type.elements = &tm_type_elements;
393
+
394
+ for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
395
+ tm_type_elements[i] = &ffi_type_sint;
396
+
397
+ tm_type_elements[9] = &ffi_type_slong;
398
+ tm_type_elements[10] = &ffi_type_pointer;
399
+ tm_type_elements[11] = NULL;
400
+
401
+ /* tm_type can now be used to represent tm argument types and
402
+ return types for ffi_prep_cif() */
403
+ @}
404
+ @end example
405
+
406
+
407
+ @node Multiple ABIs
408
+ @section Multiple ABIs
409
+
410
+ A given platform may provide multiple different ABIs at once. For
411
+ instance, the x86 platform has both @samp{stdcall} and @samp{fastcall}
412
+ functions.
413
+
414
+ @code{libffi} provides some support for this. However, this is
415
+ necessarily platform-specific.
416
+
417
+ @c FIXME: document the platforms
418
+
419
+ @node The Closure API
420
+ @section The Closure API
421
+
422
+ @code{libffi} also provides a way to write a generic function -- a
423
+ function that can accept and decode any combination of arguments.
424
+ This can be useful when writing an interpreter, or to provide wrappers
425
+ for arbitrary functions.
426
+
427
+ This facility is called the @dfn{closure API}. Closures are not
428
+ supported on all platforms; you can check the @code{FFI_CLOSURES}
429
+ define to determine whether they are supported on the current
430
+ platform.
431
+ @cindex closures
432
+ @cindex closure API
433
+ @findex FFI_CLOSURES
434
+
435
+ Because closures work by assembling a tiny function at runtime, they
436
+ require special allocation on platforms that have a non-executable
437
+ heap. Memory management for closures is handled by a pair of
438
+ functions:
439
+
440
+ @findex ffi_closure_alloca
441
+ @defun void *ffi_closure_alloc (size_t @var{size}, void **@var{code})
442
+ Allocate a chunk of memory holding @var{size} bytes. This returns a
443
+ pointer to the writable address, and sets *@var{code} to the
444
+ corresponding executable address.
445
+
446
+ @var{size} should be sufficient to hold a @code{ffi_closure} object.
447
+ @end defun
448
+
449
+ @findex ffi_closure_free
450
+ @defun void ffi_closure_free (void *@var{writable})
451
+ Free memory allocated using @code{ffi_closure_alloc}. The argument is
452
+ the writable address that was returned.
453
+ @end defun
454
+
455
+
456
+ Once you have allocated the memory for a closure, you must construct a
457
+ @code{ffi_cif} describing the function call. Finally you can prepare
458
+ the closure function:
459
+
460
+ @findex ffi_prep_closure_loc
461
+ @defun ffi_status ffi_prep_closure_loc (ffi_closure *@var{closure}, ffi_cif *@var{cif}, void (*@var{fun}) (ffi_cif *@var{cif}, void *@var{ret}, void **@var{args}, void *@var{user_data}), void *@var{user_data}, void *@var{codeloc})
462
+ Prepare a closure function.
463
+
464
+ @var{closure} is the address of a @code{ffi_closure} object; this is
465
+ the writable address returned by @code{ffi_closure_alloc}.
466
+
467
+ @var{cif} is the @code{ffi_cif} describing the function parameters.
468
+
469
+ @var{user_data} is an arbitrary datum that is passed, uninterpreted,
470
+ to your closure function.
471
+
472
+ @var{codeloc} is the executable address returned by
473
+ @code{ffi_closure_alloc}.
474
+
475
+ @var{fun} is the function which will be called when the closure is
476
+ invoked. It is called with the arguments:
477
+ @table @var
478
+ @item cif
479
+ The @code{ffi_cif} passed to @code{ffi_prep_closure_loc}.
480
+
481
+ @item ret
482
+ A pointer to the memory used for the function's return value.
483
+ @var{fun} must fill this, unless the function is declared as returning
484
+ @code{void}.
485
+ @c FIXME: is this NULL for void-returning functions?
486
+
487
+ @item args
488
+ A vector of pointers to memory holding the arguments to the function.
489
+
490
+ @item user_data
491
+ The same @var{user_data} that was passed to
492
+ @code{ffi_prep_closure_loc}.
493
+ @end table
494
+
495
+ @code{ffi_prep_closure_loc} will return @code{FFI_OK} if everything
496
+ went ok, and something else on error.
497
+ @c FIXME: what?
498
+
499
+ After calling @code{ffi_prep_closure_loc}, you can cast @var{codeloc}
500
+ to the appropriate pointer-to-function type.
501
+ @end defun
502
+
503
+ @c FIXME: example
504
+
505
+ You may see old code referring to @code{ffi_prep_closure}. This
506
+ function is deprecated, as it cannot handle the need for separate
507
+ writable and executable addresses.
508
+
509
+
510
+ @node Missing Features
511
+ @chapter Missing Features
512
+
513
+ @code{libffi} is missing a few features. We welcome patches to add
514
+ support for these.
515
+
516
+ @itemize @bullet
517
+ @item
518
+ There is no support for calling varargs functions. This may work on
519
+ some platforms, depending on how the ABI is defined, but it is not
520
+ reliable.
521
+
522
+ @item
523
+ There is no support for bit fields in structures.
524
+
525
+ @item
526
+ The closure API is
527
+
528
+ @item
529
+ The ``raw'' API is undocumented.
530
+ @c argument promotion?
531
+ @c unions?
532
+ @c anything else?
533
+ @end itemize
534
+
535
+
536
+ @node Index
537
+ @unnumbered Index
538
+
539
+ @printindex cp
540
+
541
+ @bye