manbook 0.0.1
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- data/.document +5 -0
- data/Gemfile +15 -0
- data/Gemfile.lock +25 -0
- data/LICENSE.txt +20 -0
- data/README.md +105 -0
- data/Rakefile +46 -0
- data/TODO +2 -0
- data/VERSION +1 -0
- data/bin/manbook +89 -0
- data/bin/mktoc +157 -0
- data/lib/manbook.rb +30 -0
- data/lib/manbook/errors.rb +22 -0
- data/lib/manbook/formatter.rb +27 -0
- data/lib/manbook/html_formatter.rb +17 -0
- data/lib/manbook/log_formatter.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/manbook/parser.rb +32 -0
- data/templates/_page.html.erb +1 -0
- data/templates/about.html.erb +6 -0
- data/templates/application.html.erb +23 -0
- data/templates/index.html.erb +4 -0
- data/templates/library_books.jpg +0 -0
- data/templates/manbook.ncx.erb +28 -0
- data/templates/manbook.opf.erb +35 -0
- data/test/fixtures/bash.html +11352 -0
- data/test/fixtures/cat.html +195 -0
- data/test/fixtures/git.html +1882 -0
- data/test/fixtures/gunzip.html +595 -0
- data/test/fixtures/less.html +3554 -0
- data/test/fixtures/ls.html +818 -0
- data/test/fixtures/man.html +649 -0
- data/test/helper.rb +42 -0
- data/test/unit/test_manbook.rb +39 -0
- data/test/unit/test_mktoc.rb +215 -0
- metadata +189 -0
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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.19.2 -->
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<!-- CreationDate: Tue Nov 29 21:01:37 2011 -->
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
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p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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</style>
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<title>LESS</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 align=center>LESS</h1>
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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
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<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
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<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
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<a href="#COMMANDS">COMMANDS</a><br>
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<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
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<a href="#LINE EDITING">LINE EDITING</a><br>
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<a href="#KEY BINDINGS">KEY BINDINGS</a><br>
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<a href="#INPUT PREPROCESSOR">INPUT PREPROCESSOR</a><br>
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<a href="#NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS">NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS</a><br>
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<a href="#PROMPTS">PROMPTS</a><br>
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<a href="#SECURITY">SECURITY</a><br>
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<a href="#COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE">COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE</a><br>
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<a href="#ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</a><br>
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<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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<a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a><br>
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<a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a><br>
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<hr>
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<a name="NAME"></a>
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<h2>NAME</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less −
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opposite of more</p>
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<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
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<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>less
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−? <br>
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less −−help <br>
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less −V <br>
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less −−version <br>
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less [−[+]aBcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] <br>
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[−b</b> <i>space</i><b>] [−h</b>
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<i>lines</i><b>] [−j</b> <i>line</i><b>] [−k</b>
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<i>keyfile</i><b>] <br>
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[−{oO}</b> <i>logfile</i><b>] [−p</b>
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<i>pattern</i><b>] [−P</b> <i>prompt</i><b>]
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[−t</b> <i>tag</i><b>] <br>
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[−T</b> <i>tagsfile</i><b>] [−x</b>
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<i>tab</i><b>,...] [−y</b> <i>lines</i><b>]
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[−[z]</b> <i>lines</i><b>] <br>
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[−#</b> <i>shift</i><b>] [+[+]</b><i>cmd</i><b>]
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[−−] [</b><i>filename</i><b>]...</b> <br>
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(See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with
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long option names.)</p>
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<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
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<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Less</i> is
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a program similar to <i>more</i> (1), but which allows
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backward movement in the file as well as forward movement.
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Also, <i>less</i> does not have to read the entire input
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file before starting, so with large input files it starts up
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faster than text editors like <i>vi</i> (1). <i>Less</i>
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uses termcap (or terminfo on some systems), so it can run on
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a variety of terminals. There is even limited support for
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hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which
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should be printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with
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a caret.)</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Commands are
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based on both <i>more</i> and <i>vi.</i> Commands may be
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preceded by a decimal number, called N in the descriptions
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below. The number is used by some commands, as
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indicated.</p>
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<a name="COMMANDS"></a>
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<h2>COMMANDS</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In the
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following descriptions, ^X means control-X. ESC stands for
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the ESCAPE key; for example ESC-v means the two character
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sequence "ESCAPE", then "v".</p>
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<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="9%">
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<td width="2%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Help: display a
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summary of these commands. If you forget all the other
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commands, remember this one.</p></td>
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</table>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">SPACE or ^V or f or ^F</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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one window (see option −z below). If N is more than
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the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
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Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization
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character.</p>
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<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="1%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">z</p></td>
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<td width="10%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like SPACE, but if
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N is specified, it becomes the new window size.</p></td>
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</table>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-SPACE</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like SPACE, but scrolls a full
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screenful, even if it reaches end-of-file in the
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process.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">RETURN or ^N or e or ^E or j or
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^J</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than
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the screen size.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">d or ^D</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it becomes
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the new default for subsequent d and u commands.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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default one window (see option −z below). If N is more
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than the screen size, only the final screenful is
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displayed.</p>
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<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="1%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">w</p></td>
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<td width="10%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like ESC-v, but if
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N is specified, it becomes the new window size.</p></td>
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</table>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">y or ^Y or ^P or k or ^K</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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default 1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is
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more than the screen size. Warning: some systems use ^Y as a
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special job control character.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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default one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it
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becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll horizontally right N
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option). If a number N is specified, it becomes the default
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for future RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands. While the text
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is scrolled, it acts as though the −S option (chop
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lines) were in effect.</p>
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characters, default half the screen width (see the −#
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option). If a number N is specified, it becomes the default
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for future RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Repaint the screen.</p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">R</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repaint the screen,
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discarding any buffered input. Useful if the file is
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changing while it is being viewed.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">F</p></td>
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<td width="78%">
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keep trying to read when the end of file is reached.
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of the file. It is a way to monitor the tail of a file which
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is growing while it is being viewed. (The behavior is
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similar to the "tail −f" command.)</p></td>
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</table>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">g or < or ESC-<</p>
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default 1 (beginning of file). (Warning: this may be slow if
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N is large.)</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;">G or > or ESC-></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Go to line N in the file,
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default the end of the file. (Warning: this may be slow if N
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is large, or if N is not specified and standard input,
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rather than a file, is being read.)</p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">p or %</p></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to a position N
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percent into the file. N should be between 0 and 100, and
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may contain a decimal point.</p></td>
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<td width="9%">
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|
284
|
+
|
|
285
|
+
|
|
286
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">P</p></td>
|
|
287
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
288
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
289
|
+
|
|
290
|
+
|
|
291
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the line
|
|
292
|
+
containing byte offset N in the file.</p></td>
|
|
293
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
294
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
295
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
296
|
+
|
|
297
|
+
|
|
298
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">{</p></td>
|
|
299
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
300
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
301
|
+
|
|
302
|
+
|
|
303
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a left curly
|
|
304
|
+
bracket appears in the top line displayed on the screen, the
|
|
305
|
+
{ command will go to the matching right curly bracket. The
|
|
306
|
+
matching right curly bracket is positioned on the bottom
|
|
307
|
+
line of the screen. If there is more than one left curly
|
|
308
|
+
bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify
|
|
309
|
+
the N-th bracket on the line.</p></td>
|
|
310
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
311
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
312
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
313
|
+
|
|
314
|
+
|
|
315
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">}</p></td>
|
|
316
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
317
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
318
|
+
|
|
319
|
+
|
|
320
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a right curly
|
|
321
|
+
bracket appears in the bottom line displayed on the screen,
|
|
322
|
+
the } command will go to the matching left curly bracket.
|
|
323
|
+
The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the top
|
|
324
|
+
line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly
|
|
325
|
+
bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify
|
|
326
|
+
the N-th bracket on the line.</p></td>
|
|
327
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
328
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
329
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
330
|
+
|
|
331
|
+
|
|
332
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(</p></td>
|
|
333
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
334
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
335
|
+
|
|
336
|
+
|
|
337
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like {, but applies
|
|
338
|
+
to parentheses rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
|
|
339
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
340
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
341
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
342
|
+
|
|
343
|
+
|
|
344
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">)</p></td>
|
|
345
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
346
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
347
|
+
|
|
348
|
+
|
|
349
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like }, but applies
|
|
350
|
+
to parentheses rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
|
|
351
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
352
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
353
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
354
|
+
|
|
355
|
+
|
|
356
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">[</p></td>
|
|
357
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
358
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
359
|
+
|
|
360
|
+
|
|
361
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like {, but applies
|
|
362
|
+
to square brackets rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
|
|
363
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
364
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
365
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
366
|
+
|
|
367
|
+
|
|
368
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">]</p></td>
|
|
369
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
370
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
371
|
+
|
|
372
|
+
|
|
373
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like }, but applies
|
|
374
|
+
to square brackets rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
|
|
375
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
376
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
377
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
378
|
+
|
|
379
|
+
|
|
380
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-^F</p></td>
|
|
381
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
382
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
383
|
+
|
|
384
|
+
|
|
385
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by two
|
|
386
|
+
characters, acts like {, but uses the two characters as open
|
|
387
|
+
and close brackets, respectively. For example, "ESC ^F
|
|
388
|
+
< >" could be used to go forward to the >
|
|
389
|
+
which matches the < in the top displayed line.</p></td>
|
|
390
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
391
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
392
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
393
|
+
|
|
394
|
+
|
|
395
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-^B</p></td>
|
|
396
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
397
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
398
|
+
|
|
399
|
+
|
|
400
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by two
|
|
401
|
+
characters, acts like }, but uses the two characters as open
|
|
402
|
+
and close brackets, respectively. For example, "ESC ^B
|
|
403
|
+
< >" could be used to go backward to the <
|
|
404
|
+
which matches the > in the bottom displayed line.</p></td>
|
|
405
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
406
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
407
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
408
|
+
|
|
409
|
+
|
|
410
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">m</p></td>
|
|
411
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
412
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
413
|
+
|
|
414
|
+
|
|
415
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by any
|
|
416
|
+
lowercase letter, marks the current position with that
|
|
417
|
+
letter.</p> </td>
|
|
418
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
419
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
420
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
421
|
+
|
|
422
|
+
|
|
423
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">’</p></td>
|
|
424
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
425
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
426
|
+
|
|
427
|
+
|
|
428
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Single quote.)
|
|
429
|
+
Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position
|
|
430
|
+
which was previously marked with that letter. Followed by
|
|
431
|
+
another single quote, returns to the position at which the
|
|
432
|
+
last "large" movement command was executed.
|
|
433
|
+
Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the
|
|
434
|
+
file respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is
|
|
435
|
+
examined, so the ’ command can be used to switch
|
|
436
|
+
between input files.</p></td>
|
|
437
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
438
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
439
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
440
|
+
|
|
441
|
+
|
|
442
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^X^X</p></td>
|
|
443
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
444
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
445
|
+
|
|
446
|
+
|
|
447
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as single
|
|
448
|
+
quote.</p> </td>
|
|
449
|
+
</table>
|
|
450
|
+
|
|
451
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">/pattern</p>
|
|
452
|
+
|
|
453
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Search forward in the file for
|
|
454
|
+
the N-th line containing the pattern. N defaults to 1. The
|
|
455
|
+
pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by the
|
|
456
|
+
regular expression library supplied by your system. The
|
|
457
|
+
search starts at the second line displayed (but see the
|
|
458
|
+
−a and −j options, which change this).</p>
|
|
459
|
+
|
|
460
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Certain
|
|
461
|
+
characters are special if entered at the beginning of the
|
|
462
|
+
pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become
|
|
463
|
+
part of the pattern: <br>
|
|
464
|
+
^N or !</p>
|
|
465
|
+
|
|
466
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Search for lines which do NOT
|
|
467
|
+
match the pattern.</p>
|
|
468
|
+
|
|
469
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">^E or *</p>
|
|
470
|
+
|
|
471
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Search multiple files. That is,
|
|
472
|
+
if the search reaches the END of the current file without
|
|
473
|
+
finding a match, the search continues in the next file in
|
|
474
|
+
the command line list.</p>
|
|
475
|
+
|
|
476
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">^F or @</p>
|
|
477
|
+
|
|
478
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Begin the search at the first
|
|
479
|
+
line of the FIRST file in the command line list, regardless
|
|
480
|
+
of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings
|
|
481
|
+
of the −a or −j options.</p>
|
|
482
|
+
|
|
483
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
484
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
485
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
486
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
487
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
488
|
+
|
|
489
|
+
|
|
490
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^K</p></td>
|
|
491
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
492
|
+
<td width="68%">
|
|
493
|
+
|
|
494
|
+
|
|
495
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Highlight any text
|
|
496
|
+
which matches the pattern on the current screen, but
|
|
497
|
+
don’t move to the first match (KEEP current
|
|
498
|
+
position).</p> </td>
|
|
499
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
500
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
501
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
502
|
+
|
|
503
|
+
|
|
504
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^R</p></td>
|
|
505
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
506
|
+
<td width="68%">
|
|
507
|
+
|
|
508
|
+
|
|
509
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Don’t
|
|
510
|
+
interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a
|
|
511
|
+
simple textual comparison.</p></td>
|
|
512
|
+
</table>
|
|
513
|
+
|
|
514
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">?pattern</p>
|
|
515
|
+
|
|
516
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Search backward in the file for
|
|
517
|
+
the N-th line containing the pattern. The search starts at
|
|
518
|
+
the line immediately before the top line displayed.</p>
|
|
519
|
+
|
|
520
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Certain
|
|
521
|
+
characters are special as in the / command: <br>
|
|
522
|
+
^N or !</p>
|
|
523
|
+
|
|
524
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Search for lines which do NOT
|
|
525
|
+
match the pattern.</p>
|
|
526
|
+
|
|
527
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">^E or *</p>
|
|
528
|
+
|
|
529
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Search multiple files. That is,
|
|
530
|
+
if the search reaches the beginning of the current file
|
|
531
|
+
without finding a match, the search continues in the
|
|
532
|
+
previous file in the command line list.</p>
|
|
533
|
+
|
|
534
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">^F or @</p>
|
|
535
|
+
|
|
536
|
+
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Begin the search at the last
|
|
537
|
+
line of the last file in the command line list, regardless
|
|
538
|
+
of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings
|
|
539
|
+
of the −a or −j options.</p>
|
|
540
|
+
|
|
541
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
542
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
543
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
544
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
545
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
546
|
+
|
|
547
|
+
|
|
548
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^K</p></td>
|
|
549
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
550
|
+
<td width="36%">
|
|
551
|
+
|
|
552
|
+
|
|
553
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">As in forward
|
|
554
|
+
searches.</p> </td>
|
|
555
|
+
<td width="32%">
|
|
556
|
+
</td>
|
|
557
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
558
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
559
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
560
|
+
|
|
561
|
+
|
|
562
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^R</p></td>
|
|
563
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
564
|
+
<td width="36%">
|
|
565
|
+
|
|
566
|
+
|
|
567
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">As in forward
|
|
568
|
+
searches.</p> </td>
|
|
569
|
+
<td width="32%">
|
|
570
|
+
</td>
|
|
571
|
+
</table>
|
|
572
|
+
|
|
573
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-/pattern</p>
|
|
574
|
+
|
|
575
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as "/*".</p>
|
|
576
|
+
|
|
577
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-?pattern</p>
|
|
578
|
+
|
|
579
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as "?*".</p>
|
|
580
|
+
|
|
581
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
582
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
583
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
584
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
585
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
586
|
+
|
|
587
|
+
|
|
588
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">n</p></td>
|
|
589
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
590
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
591
|
+
|
|
592
|
+
|
|
593
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
|
|
594
|
+
search, for N-th line containing the last pattern. If the
|
|
595
|
+
previous search was modified by ^N, the search is made for
|
|
596
|
+
the N-th line NOT containing the pattern. If the previous
|
|
597
|
+
search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the next
|
|
598
|
+
(or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file. If
|
|
599
|
+
the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done
|
|
600
|
+
without using regular expressions. There is no effect if the
|
|
601
|
+
previous search was modified by ^F or ^K.</p></td>
|
|
602
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
603
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
604
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
605
|
+
|
|
606
|
+
|
|
607
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">N</p></td>
|
|
608
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
609
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
610
|
+
|
|
611
|
+
|
|
612
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
|
|
613
|
+
search, but in the reverse direction.</p></td>
|
|
614
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
615
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
616
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
617
|
+
|
|
618
|
+
|
|
619
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-n</p></td>
|
|
620
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
621
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
622
|
+
|
|
623
|
+
|
|
624
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
|
|
625
|
+
search, but crossing file boundaries. The effect is as if
|
|
626
|
+
the previous search were modified by *.</p></td>
|
|
627
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
628
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
629
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
630
|
+
|
|
631
|
+
|
|
632
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-N</p></td>
|
|
633
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
634
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
635
|
+
|
|
636
|
+
|
|
637
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
|
|
638
|
+
search, but in the reverse direction and crossing file
|
|
639
|
+
boundaries.</p> </td>
|
|
640
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
641
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
642
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
643
|
+
|
|
644
|
+
|
|
645
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-u</p></td>
|
|
646
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
647
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
648
|
+
|
|
649
|
+
|
|
650
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Undo search
|
|
651
|
+
highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings matching the
|
|
652
|
+
current search pattern. If highlighting is already off
|
|
653
|
+
because of a previous ESC-u command, turn highlighting back
|
|
654
|
+
on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on.
|
|
655
|
+
(Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling the −G
|
|
656
|
+
option; in that case search commands do not turn
|
|
657
|
+
highlighting back on.)</p></td>
|
|
658
|
+
</table>
|
|
659
|
+
|
|
660
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">:e [filename]</p>
|
|
661
|
+
|
|
662
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Examine a new file. If the
|
|
663
|
+
filename is missing, the "current" file (see the
|
|
664
|
+
:n and :p commands below) from the list of files in the
|
|
665
|
+
command line is re-examined. A percent sign (%) in the
|
|
666
|
+
filename is replaced by the name of the current file. A
|
|
667
|
+
pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously
|
|
668
|
+
examined file. However, two consecutive percent signs are
|
|
669
|
+
simply replaced with a single percent sign. This allows you
|
|
670
|
+
to enter a filename that contains a percent sign in the
|
|
671
|
+
name. Similarly, two consecutive pound signs are replaced
|
|
672
|
+
with a single pound sign. The filename is inserted into the
|
|
673
|
+
command line list of files so that it can be seen by
|
|
674
|
+
subsequent :n and :p commands. If the filename consists of
|
|
675
|
+
several files, they are all inserted into the list of files
|
|
676
|
+
and the first one is examined. If the filename contains one
|
|
677
|
+
or more spaces, the entire filename should be enclosed in
|
|
678
|
+
double quotes (also see the −" option).</p>
|
|
679
|
+
|
|
680
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^X^V or E</p>
|
|
681
|
+
|
|
682
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as :e. Warning: some
|
|
683
|
+
systems use ^V as a special literalization character. On
|
|
684
|
+
such systems, you may not be able to use ^V.</p>
|
|
685
|
+
|
|
686
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
687
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
688
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
689
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
690
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
691
|
+
|
|
692
|
+
|
|
693
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:n</p></td>
|
|
694
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
695
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
696
|
+
|
|
697
|
+
|
|
698
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the next
|
|
699
|
+
file (from the list of files given in the command line). If
|
|
700
|
+
a number N is specified, the N-th next file is examined.</p></td>
|
|
701
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
702
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
703
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
704
|
+
|
|
705
|
+
|
|
706
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:p</p></td>
|
|
707
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
708
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
709
|
+
|
|
710
|
+
|
|
711
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the
|
|
712
|
+
previous file in the command line list. If a number N is
|
|
713
|
+
specified, the N-th previous file is examined.</p></td>
|
|
714
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
715
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
716
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
717
|
+
|
|
718
|
+
|
|
719
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:x</p></td>
|
|
720
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
721
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
722
|
+
|
|
723
|
+
|
|
724
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the first
|
|
725
|
+
file in the command line list. If a number N is specified,
|
|
726
|
+
the N-th file in the list is examined.</p></td>
|
|
727
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
728
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
729
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
730
|
+
|
|
731
|
+
|
|
732
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:d</p></td>
|
|
733
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
734
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
735
|
+
|
|
736
|
+
|
|
737
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Remove the current
|
|
738
|
+
file from the list of files.</p></td>
|
|
739
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
740
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
741
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
742
|
+
|
|
743
|
+
|
|
744
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">t</p></td>
|
|
745
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
746
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
747
|
+
|
|
748
|
+
|
|
749
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the next tag,
|
|
750
|
+
if there were more than one matches for the current tag. See
|
|
751
|
+
the −t option for more details about tags.</p></td>
|
|
752
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
753
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
754
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
755
|
+
|
|
756
|
+
|
|
757
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">T</p></td>
|
|
758
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
759
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
760
|
+
|
|
761
|
+
|
|
762
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the previous
|
|
763
|
+
tag, if there were more than one matches for the current
|
|
764
|
+
tag.</p> </td>
|
|
765
|
+
</table>
|
|
766
|
+
|
|
767
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">= or ^G or :f</p>
|
|
768
|
+
|
|
769
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Prints some information about
|
|
770
|
+
the file being viewed, including its name and the line
|
|
771
|
+
number and byte offset of the bottom line being displayed.
|
|
772
|
+
If possible, it also prints the length of the file, the
|
|
773
|
+
number of lines in the file and the percent of the file
|
|
774
|
+
above the last displayed line.</p>
|
|
775
|
+
|
|
776
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
777
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
778
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
779
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
780
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
781
|
+
|
|
782
|
+
|
|
783
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−</p></td>
|
|
784
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
785
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
786
|
+
|
|
787
|
+
|
|
788
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
|
|
789
|
+
the command line option letters (see OPTIONS below), this
|
|
790
|
+
will change the setting of that option and print a message
|
|
791
|
+
describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL-P) is entered
|
|
792
|
+
immediately after the dash, the setting of the option is
|
|
793
|
+
changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has
|
|
794
|
+
a numeric value (such as −b or −h), or a string
|
|
795
|
+
value (such as −P or −t), a new value may be
|
|
796
|
+
entered after the option letter. If no new value is entered,
|
|
797
|
+
a message describing the current setting is printed and
|
|
798
|
+
nothing is changed.</p></td>
|
|
799
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
800
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
801
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
802
|
+
|
|
803
|
+
|
|
804
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−−</p></td>
|
|
805
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
806
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
807
|
+
|
|
808
|
+
|
|
809
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the −
|
|
810
|
+
command, but takes a long option name (see OPTIONS below)
|
|
811
|
+
rather than a single option letter. You must press RETURN
|
|
812
|
+
after typing the option name. A ^P immediately after the
|
|
813
|
+
second dash suppresses printing of a message describing the
|
|
814
|
+
new setting, as in the − command.</p></td>
|
|
815
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
816
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
817
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
818
|
+
|
|
819
|
+
|
|
820
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−+</p></td>
|
|
821
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
822
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
823
|
+
|
|
824
|
+
|
|
825
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
|
|
826
|
+
the command line option letters this will reset the option
|
|
827
|
+
to its default setting and print a message describing the
|
|
828
|
+
new setting. (The "−+<i>X</i>" command does
|
|
829
|
+
the same thing as "−+<i>X</i>" on the
|
|
830
|
+
command line.) This does not work for string-valued
|
|
831
|
+
options.</p> </td>
|
|
832
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
833
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
834
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
835
|
+
|
|
836
|
+
|
|
837
|
+
|
|
838
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−−+</p> </td>
|
|
839
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
840
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
841
|
+
|
|
842
|
+
|
|
843
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the −+
|
|
844
|
+
command, but takes a long option name rather than a single
|
|
845
|
+
option letter.</p></td>
|
|
846
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
847
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
848
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
849
|
+
|
|
850
|
+
|
|
851
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−!</p></td>
|
|
852
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
853
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
854
|
+
|
|
855
|
+
|
|
856
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
|
|
857
|
+
the command line option letters, this will reset the option
|
|
858
|
+
to the "opposite" of its default setting and print
|
|
859
|
+
a message describing the new setting. This does not work for
|
|
860
|
+
numeric or string-valued options.</p></td>
|
|
861
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
862
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
863
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
864
|
+
|
|
865
|
+
|
|
866
|
+
|
|
867
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−−!</p> </td>
|
|
868
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
869
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
870
|
+
|
|
871
|
+
|
|
872
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the −!
|
|
873
|
+
command, but takes a long option name rather than a single
|
|
874
|
+
option letter.</p></td>
|
|
875
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
876
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
877
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
878
|
+
|
|
879
|
+
|
|
880
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">_</p></td>
|
|
881
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
882
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
883
|
+
|
|
884
|
+
|
|
885
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Underscore.)
|
|
886
|
+
Followed by one of the command line option letters, this
|
|
887
|
+
will print a message describing the current setting of that
|
|
888
|
+
option. The setting of the option is not changed.</p></td>
|
|
889
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
890
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
891
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
892
|
+
|
|
893
|
+
|
|
894
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">__</p></td>
|
|
895
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
896
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
897
|
+
|
|
898
|
+
|
|
899
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Double
|
|
900
|
+
underscore.) Like the _ (underscore) command, but takes a
|
|
901
|
+
long option name rather than a single option letter. You
|
|
902
|
+
must press RETURN after typing the option name.</p></td>
|
|
903
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
904
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
905
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
906
|
+
|
|
907
|
+
|
|
908
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">+cmd</p></td>
|
|
909
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
910
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
911
|
+
|
|
912
|
+
|
|
913
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Causes the
|
|
914
|
+
specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is
|
|
915
|
+
examined. For example, +G causes <i>less</i> to initially
|
|
916
|
+
display each file starting at the end rather than the
|
|
917
|
+
beginning.</p> </td>
|
|
918
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
919
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
920
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
921
|
+
|
|
922
|
+
|
|
923
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">V</p></td>
|
|
924
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
925
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
926
|
+
|
|
927
|
+
|
|
928
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Prints the version
|
|
929
|
+
number of <i>less</i> being run.</p></td>
|
|
930
|
+
</table>
|
|
931
|
+
|
|
932
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">q or Q or :q or :Q or ZZ</p>
|
|
933
|
+
|
|
934
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Exits <i>less.</i></p>
|
|
935
|
+
|
|
936
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
|
|
937
|
+
four commands may or may not be valid, depending on your
|
|
938
|
+
particular installation.</p>
|
|
939
|
+
|
|
940
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
941
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
942
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
943
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
944
|
+
<td width="1%">
|
|
945
|
+
|
|
946
|
+
|
|
947
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">v</p></td>
|
|
948
|
+
<td width="10%"></td>
|
|
949
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
950
|
+
|
|
951
|
+
|
|
952
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Invokes an editor
|
|
953
|
+
to edit the current file being viewed. The editor is taken
|
|
954
|
+
from the environment variable VISUAL if defined, or EDITOR
|
|
955
|
+
if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to "vi" if
|
|
956
|
+
neither VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined. See also the
|
|
957
|
+
discussion of LESSEDIT under the section on PROMPTS
|
|
958
|
+
below.</p> </td>
|
|
959
|
+
</table>
|
|
960
|
+
|
|
961
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">! shell-command</p>
|
|
962
|
+
|
|
963
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Invokes a shell to run the
|
|
964
|
+
shell-command given. A percent sign (%) in the command is
|
|
965
|
+
replaced by the name of the current file. A pound sign (#)
|
|
966
|
+
is replaced by the name of the previously examined file.
|
|
967
|
+
"!!" repeats the last shell command. "!"
|
|
968
|
+
with no shell command simply invokes a shell. On Unix
|
|
969
|
+
systems, the shell is taken from the environment variable
|
|
970
|
+
SHELL, or defaults to "sh". On MS-DOS and OS/2
|
|
971
|
+
systems, the shell is the normal command processor.</p>
|
|
972
|
+
|
|
973
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">| <m> shell-command</p>
|
|
974
|
+
|
|
975
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;"><m> represents any mark
|
|
976
|
+
letter. Pipes a section of the input file to the given shell
|
|
977
|
+
command. The section of the file to be piped is between the
|
|
978
|
+
first line on the current screen and the position marked by
|
|
979
|
+
the letter. <m> may also be ^ or $ to indicate
|
|
980
|
+
beginning or end of file respectively. If <m> is . or
|
|
981
|
+
newline, the current screen is piped.</p>
|
|
982
|
+
|
|
983
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">s filename</p>
|
|
984
|
+
|
|
985
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Save the input to a file. This
|
|
986
|
+
only works if the input is a pipe, not an ordinary file.</p>
|
|
987
|
+
|
|
988
|
+
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
|
|
989
|
+
<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
990
|
+
|
|
991
|
+
|
|
992
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Command line
|
|
993
|
+
options are described below. Most options may be changed
|
|
994
|
+
while <i>less</i> is running, via the "−"
|
|
995
|
+
command.</p>
|
|
996
|
+
|
|
997
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Most options
|
|
998
|
+
may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed by
|
|
999
|
+
a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option
|
|
1000
|
+
name. A long option name may be abbreviated as long as the
|
|
1001
|
+
abbreviation is unambiguous. For example,
|
|
1002
|
+
−−quit-at-eof may be abbreviated
|
|
1003
|
+
−−quit, but not --qui, since both
|
|
1004
|
+
−−quit-at-eof and −−quiet begin with
|
|
1005
|
+
−−qui. Some long option names are in uppercase,
|
|
1006
|
+
such as −−QUIT-AT-EOF, as distinct from
|
|
1007
|
+
−−quit-at-eof. Such option names need only have
|
|
1008
|
+
their first letter capitalized; the remainder of the name
|
|
1009
|
+
may be in either case. For example,
|
|
1010
|
+
−−Quit-at-eof is equivalent to
|
|
1011
|
+
−−QUIT-AT-EOF.</p>
|
|
1012
|
+
|
|
1013
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Options are
|
|
1014
|
+
also taken from the environment variable "LESS".
|
|
1015
|
+
For example, to avoid typing "less −options
|
|
1016
|
+
..." each time <i>less</i> is invoked, you might tell
|
|
1017
|
+
<i>csh:</i></p>
|
|
1018
|
+
|
|
1019
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">setenv LESS
|
|
1020
|
+
"-options"</p>
|
|
1021
|
+
|
|
1022
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">or if you use
|
|
1023
|
+
<i>sh:</i></p>
|
|
1024
|
+
|
|
1025
|
+
|
|
1026
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">LESS="-options";
|
|
1027
|
+
export LESS</p>
|
|
1028
|
+
|
|
1029
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On MS-DOS, you
|
|
1030
|
+
don’t need the quotes, but you should replace any
|
|
1031
|
+
percent signs in the options string by double percent
|
|
1032
|
+
signs.</p>
|
|
1033
|
+
|
|
1034
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The environment
|
|
1035
|
+
variable is parsed before the command line, so command line
|
|
1036
|
+
options override the LESS environment variable. If an option
|
|
1037
|
+
appears in the LESS variable, it can be reset to its default
|
|
1038
|
+
value on the command line by beginning the command line
|
|
1039
|
+
option with "−+".</p>
|
|
1040
|
+
|
|
1041
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For options
|
|
1042
|
+
like −P or −D which take a following string, a
|
|
1043
|
+
dollar sign ($) must be used to signal the end of the
|
|
1044
|
+
string. For example, to set two −D options on MS-DOS,
|
|
1045
|
+
you must have a dollar sign between them, like this:</p>
|
|
1046
|
+
|
|
1047
|
+
|
|
1048
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">LESS="-Dn9.1$-Ds4.1"
|
|
1049
|
+
<br>
|
|
1050
|
+
−? or −−help</p>
|
|
1051
|
+
|
|
1052
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This option displays a summary
|
|
1053
|
+
of the commands accepted by <i>less</i> (the same as the h
|
|
1054
|
+
command). (Depending on how your shell interprets the
|
|
1055
|
+
question mark, it may be necessary to quote the question
|
|
1056
|
+
mark, thus: "−\?".)</p>
|
|
1057
|
+
|
|
1058
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−a or
|
|
1059
|
+
−−search-skip-screen</p>
|
|
1060
|
+
|
|
1061
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes searches to start after
|
|
1062
|
+
the last line displayed on the screen, thus skipping all
|
|
1063
|
+
lines displayed on the screen. By default, searches start at
|
|
1064
|
+
the second line on the screen (or after the last found line;
|
|
1065
|
+
see the −j option).</p>
|
|
1066
|
+
|
|
1067
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−b<i>n</i> or
|
|
1068
|
+
−−buffers=<i>n</i></p>
|
|
1069
|
+
|
|
1070
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies the amount of buffer
|
|
1071
|
+
space <i>less</i> will use for each file, in units of
|
|
1072
|
+
kilobytes (1024 bytes). By default 64K of buffer space is
|
|
1073
|
+
used for each file (unless the file is a pipe; see the
|
|
1074
|
+
−B option). The −b option specifies instead that
|
|
1075
|
+
<i>n</i> kilobytes of buffer space should be used for each
|
|
1076
|
+
file. If <i>n</i> is −1, buffer space is unlimited;
|
|
1077
|
+
that is, the entire file can be read into memory.</p>
|
|
1078
|
+
|
|
1079
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−B or
|
|
1080
|
+
−−auto-buffers</p>
|
|
1081
|
+
|
|
1082
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">By default, when data is read
|
|
1083
|
+
from a pipe, buffers are allocated automatically as needed.
|
|
1084
|
+
If a large amount of data is read from the pipe, this can
|
|
1085
|
+
cause a large amount of memory to be allocated. The −B
|
|
1086
|
+
option disables this automatic allocation of buffers for
|
|
1087
|
+
pipes, so that only 64K (or the amount of space specified by
|
|
1088
|
+
the −b option) is used for the pipe. Warning: use of
|
|
1089
|
+
−B can result in erroneous display, since only the
|
|
1090
|
+
most recently viewed part of the piped data is kept in
|
|
1091
|
+
memory; any earlier data is lost.</p>
|
|
1092
|
+
|
|
1093
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−c or
|
|
1094
|
+
−−clear-screen</p>
|
|
1095
|
+
|
|
1096
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes full screen repaints to
|
|
1097
|
+
be painted from the top line down. By default, full screen
|
|
1098
|
+
repaints are done by scrolling from the bottom of the
|
|
1099
|
+
screen.</p>
|
|
1100
|
+
|
|
1101
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−C or
|
|
1102
|
+
−−CLEAR-SCREEN</p>
|
|
1103
|
+
|
|
1104
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as −c, for
|
|
1105
|
+
compatibility with older versions of <i>less.</i></p>
|
|
1106
|
+
|
|
1107
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−d or
|
|
1108
|
+
−−dumb</p>
|
|
1109
|
+
|
|
1110
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The −d option suppresses
|
|
1111
|
+
the error message normally displayed if the terminal is
|
|
1112
|
+
dumb; that is, lacks some important capability, such as the
|
|
1113
|
+
ability to clear the screen or scroll backward. The −d
|
|
1114
|
+
option does not otherwise change the behavior of <i>less</i>
|
|
1115
|
+
on a dumb terminal.</p>
|
|
1116
|
+
|
|
1117
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−D<b>x</b><i>color</i> or
|
|
1118
|
+
−−color=<b>x</b><i>color</i></p>
|
|
1119
|
+
|
|
1120
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">[MS-DOS only] Sets the color of
|
|
1121
|
+
the text displayed. <b>x</b> is a single character which
|
|
1122
|
+
selects the type of text whose color is being set: n=normal,
|
|
1123
|
+
s=standout, d=bold, u=underlined, k=blink. <i>color</i> is a
|
|
1124
|
+
pair of numbers separated by a period. The first number
|
|
1125
|
+
selects the foreground color and the second selects the
|
|
1126
|
+
background color of the text. A single number <i>N</i> is
|
|
1127
|
+
the same as <i>N.0</i>.</p>
|
|
1128
|
+
|
|
1129
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−e or
|
|
1130
|
+
−−quit-at-eof</p>
|
|
1131
|
+
|
|
1132
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
|
|
1133
|
+
automatically exit the second time it reaches end-of-file.
|
|
1134
|
+
By default, the only way to exit <i>less</i> is via the
|
|
1135
|
+
"q" command.</p>
|
|
1136
|
+
|
|
1137
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−E or
|
|
1138
|
+
−−QUIT-AT-EOF</p>
|
|
1139
|
+
|
|
1140
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
|
|
1141
|
+
automatically exit the first time it reaches
|
|
1142
|
+
end-of-file.</p>
|
|
1143
|
+
|
|
1144
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−f or
|
|
1145
|
+
−−force</p>
|
|
1146
|
+
|
|
1147
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Forces non-regular files to be
|
|
1148
|
+
opened. (A non-regular file is a directory or a device
|
|
1149
|
+
special file.) Also suppresses the warning message when a
|
|
1150
|
+
binary file is opened. By default, <i>less</i> will refuse
|
|
1151
|
+
to open non-regular files. Note that some operating systems
|
|
1152
|
+
will not allow directories to be read, even if −f is
|
|
1153
|
+
set.</p>
|
|
1154
|
+
|
|
1155
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−F or
|
|
1156
|
+
−−quit-if-one-screen</p>
|
|
1157
|
+
|
|
1158
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
|
|
1159
|
+
automatically exit if the entire file can be displayed on
|
|
1160
|
+
the first screen.</p>
|
|
1161
|
+
|
|
1162
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−g or
|
|
1163
|
+
−−hilite-search</p>
|
|
1164
|
+
|
|
1165
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally, <i>less</i> will
|
|
1166
|
+
highlight ALL strings which match the last search command.
|
|
1167
|
+
The −g option changes this behavior to highlight only
|
|
1168
|
+
the particular string which was found by the last search
|
|
1169
|
+
command. This can cause <i>less</i> to run somewhat faster
|
|
1170
|
+
than the default.</p>
|
|
1171
|
+
|
|
1172
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−G or
|
|
1173
|
+
−−HILITE-SEARCH</p>
|
|
1174
|
+
|
|
1175
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The −G option suppresses
|
|
1176
|
+
all highlighting of strings found by search commands.</p>
|
|
1177
|
+
|
|
1178
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−h<i>n</i> or
|
|
1179
|
+
−−max-back-scroll=<i>n</i></p>
|
|
1180
|
+
|
|
1181
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a maximum number of
|
|
1182
|
+
lines to scroll backward. If it is necessary to scroll
|
|
1183
|
+
backward more than <i>n</i> lines, the screen is repainted
|
|
1184
|
+
in a forward direction instead. (If the terminal does not
|
|
1185
|
+
have the ability to scroll backward, −h0 is
|
|
1186
|
+
implied.)</p>
|
|
1187
|
+
|
|
1188
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−i or
|
|
1189
|
+
−−ignore-case</p>
|
|
1190
|
+
|
|
1191
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes searches to ignore case;
|
|
1192
|
+
that is, uppercase and lowercase are considered identical.
|
|
1193
|
+
This option is ignored if any uppercase letters appear in
|
|
1194
|
+
the search pattern; in other words, if a pattern contains
|
|
1195
|
+
uppercase letters, then that search does not ignore
|
|
1196
|
+
case.</p>
|
|
1197
|
+
|
|
1198
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−I or
|
|
1199
|
+
−−IGNORE-CASE</p>
|
|
1200
|
+
|
|
1201
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like −i, but searches
|
|
1202
|
+
ignore case even if the pattern contains uppercase
|
|
1203
|
+
letters.</p>
|
|
1204
|
+
|
|
1205
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−j<i>n</i> or
|
|
1206
|
+
−−jump-target=<i>n</i></p>
|
|
1207
|
+
|
|
1208
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a line on the screen
|
|
1209
|
+
where the "target" line is to be positioned. The
|
|
1210
|
+
target line is the line specified by any command to search
|
|
1211
|
+
for a pattern, jump to a line number, jump to a file
|
|
1212
|
+
percentage or jump to a tag. The screen line may be
|
|
1213
|
+
specified by a number: the top line on the screen is 1, the
|
|
1214
|
+
next is 2, and so on. The number may be negative to specify
|
|
1215
|
+
a line relative to the bottom of the screen: the bottom line
|
|
1216
|
+
on the screen is −1, the second to the bottom is
|
|
1217
|
+
−2, and so on. Alternately, the screen line may be
|
|
1218
|
+
specified as a fraction of the height of the screen,
|
|
1219
|
+
starting with a decimal point: .5 is in the middle of the
|
|
1220
|
+
screen, .3 is three tenths down from the first line, and so
|
|
1221
|
+
on. If the line is specified as a fraction, the actual line
|
|
1222
|
+
number is recalculated if the terminal window is resized, so
|
|
1223
|
+
that the target line remains at the specified fraction of
|
|
1224
|
+
the screen height. If any form of the −j option is
|
|
1225
|
+
used, forward searches begin at the line immediately after
|
|
1226
|
+
the target line, and backward searches begin at the target
|
|
1227
|
+
line. For example, if "−j4" is used, the
|
|
1228
|
+
target line is the fourth line on the screen, so forward
|
|
1229
|
+
searches begin at the fifth line on the screen.</p>
|
|
1230
|
+
|
|
1231
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−J or
|
|
1232
|
+
−−status-column</p>
|
|
1233
|
+
|
|
1234
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Displays a status column at the
|
|
1235
|
+
left edge of the screen. The status column shows the lines
|
|
1236
|
+
that matched the current search. The status column is also
|
|
1237
|
+
used if the −w or −W option is in effect.</p>
|
|
1238
|
+
|
|
1239
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−k<i>filename</i> or
|
|
1240
|
+
−−lesskey-file=<i>filename</i></p>
|
|
1241
|
+
|
|
1242
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to open and
|
|
1243
|
+
interpret the named file as a <i>lesskey</i> (1) file.
|
|
1244
|
+
Multiple −k options may be specified. If the LESSKEY
|
|
1245
|
+
or LESSKEY_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a
|
|
1246
|
+
lesskey file is found in a standard place (see KEY
|
|
1247
|
+
BINDINGS), it is also used as a <i>lesskey</i> file.</p>
|
|
1248
|
+
|
|
1249
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−K or
|
|
1250
|
+
−−quit-on-intr</p>
|
|
1251
|
+
|
|
1252
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to exit
|
|
1253
|
+
immediately when an interrupt character (usually ^C) is
|
|
1254
|
+
typed. Normally, an interrupt character causes <i>less</i>
|
|
1255
|
+
to stop whatever it is doing and return to its command
|
|
1256
|
+
prompt. Note that use of this option makes it impossible to
|
|
1257
|
+
return to the command prompt from the "F"
|
|
1258
|
+
command.</p>
|
|
1259
|
+
|
|
1260
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−L or
|
|
1261
|
+
−−no-lessopen</p>
|
|
1262
|
+
|
|
1263
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Ignore the LESSOPEN environment
|
|
1264
|
+
variable (see the INPUT PREPROCESSOR section below). This
|
|
1265
|
+
option can be set from within <i>less</i>, but it will apply
|
|
1266
|
+
only to files opened subsequently, not to the file which is
|
|
1267
|
+
currently open.</p>
|
|
1268
|
+
|
|
1269
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−m or
|
|
1270
|
+
−−long-prompt</p>
|
|
1271
|
+
|
|
1272
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to prompt
|
|
1273
|
+
verbosely (like <i>more</i>), with the percent into the
|
|
1274
|
+
file. By default, <i>less</i> prompts with a colon.</p>
|
|
1275
|
+
|
|
1276
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−M or
|
|
1277
|
+
−−LONG-PROMPT</p>
|
|
1278
|
+
|
|
1279
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to prompt
|
|
1280
|
+
even more verbosely than <i>more.</i></p>
|
|
1281
|
+
|
|
1282
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−n or
|
|
1283
|
+
−−line-numbers</p>
|
|
1284
|
+
|
|
1285
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Suppresses line numbers. The
|
|
1286
|
+
default (to use line numbers) may cause <i>less</i> to run
|
|
1287
|
+
more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large
|
|
1288
|
+
input file. Suppressing line numbers with the −n
|
|
1289
|
+
option will avoid this problem. Using line numbers means:
|
|
1290
|
+
the line number will be displayed in the verbose prompt and
|
|
1291
|
+
in the = command, and the v command will pass the current
|
|
1292
|
+
line number to the editor (see also the discussion of
|
|
1293
|
+
LESSEDIT in PROMPTS below).</p>
|
|
1294
|
+
|
|
1295
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−N or
|
|
1296
|
+
−−LINE-NUMBERS</p>
|
|
1297
|
+
|
|
1298
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes a line number to be
|
|
1299
|
+
displayed at the beginning of each line in the display.</p>
|
|
1300
|
+
|
|
1301
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−o<i>filename</i> or
|
|
1302
|
+
−−log-file=<i>filename</i></p>
|
|
1303
|
+
|
|
1304
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to copy its
|
|
1305
|
+
input to the named file as it is being viewed. This applies
|
|
1306
|
+
only when the input file is a pipe, not an ordinary file. If
|
|
1307
|
+
the file already exists, <i>less</i> will ask for
|
|
1308
|
+
confirmation before overwriting it.</p>
|
|
1309
|
+
|
|
1310
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−O<i>filename</i> or
|
|
1311
|
+
−−LOG-FILE=<i>filename</i></p>
|
|
1312
|
+
|
|
1313
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The −O option is like
|
|
1314
|
+
−o, but it will overwrite an existing file without
|
|
1315
|
+
asking for confirmation.</p>
|
|
1316
|
+
|
|
1317
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If no log file
|
|
1318
|
+
has been specified, the −o and −O options can be
|
|
1319
|
+
used from within <i>less</i> to specify a log file. Without
|
|
1320
|
+
a file name, they will simply report the name of the log
|
|
1321
|
+
file. The "s" command is equivalent to specifying
|
|
1322
|
+
−o from within <i>less.</i></p>
|
|
1323
|
+
|
|
1324
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−p<i>pattern</i> or
|
|
1325
|
+
−−pattern=<i>pattern</i></p>
|
|
1326
|
+
|
|
1327
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The −p option on the
|
|
1328
|
+
command line is equivalent to specifying +/<i>pattern</i>;
|
|
1329
|
+
that is, it tells <i>less</i> to start at the first
|
|
1330
|
+
occurrence of <i>pattern</i> in the file.</p>
|
|
1331
|
+
|
|
1332
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−P<i>prompt</i> or
|
|
1333
|
+
−−prompt=<i>prompt</i></p>
|
|
1334
|
+
|
|
1335
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Provides a way to tailor the
|
|
1336
|
+
three prompt styles to your own preference. This option
|
|
1337
|
+
would normally be put in the LESS environment variable,
|
|
1338
|
+
rather than being typed in with each <i>less</i> command.
|
|
1339
|
+
Such an option must either be the last option in the LESS
|
|
1340
|
+
variable, or be terminated by a dollar sign. -Ps followed by
|
|
1341
|
+
a string changes the default (short) prompt to that string.
|
|
1342
|
+
-Pm changes the medium (−m) prompt. -PM changes the
|
|
1343
|
+
long (−M) prompt. -Ph changes the prompt for the help
|
|
1344
|
+
screen. -P= changes the message printed by the = command.
|
|
1345
|
+
-Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in
|
|
1346
|
+
the F command). All prompt strings consist of a sequence of
|
|
1347
|
+
letters and special escape sequences. See the section on
|
|
1348
|
+
PROMPTS for more details.</p>
|
|
1349
|
+
|
|
1350
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−q or −−quiet
|
|
1351
|
+
or −−silent</p>
|
|
1352
|
+
|
|
1353
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes moderately
|
|
1354
|
+
"quiet" operation: the terminal bell is not rung
|
|
1355
|
+
if an attempt is made to scroll past the end of the file or
|
|
1356
|
+
before the beginning of the file. If the terminal has a
|
|
1357
|
+
"visual bell", it is used instead. The bell will
|
|
1358
|
+
be rung on certain other errors, such as typing an invalid
|
|
1359
|
+
character. The default is to ring the terminal bell in all
|
|
1360
|
+
such cases.</p>
|
|
1361
|
+
|
|
1362
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−Q or −−QUIET
|
|
1363
|
+
or −−SILENT</p>
|
|
1364
|
+
|
|
1365
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes totally
|
|
1366
|
+
"quiet" operation: the terminal bell is never
|
|
1367
|
+
rung.</p>
|
|
1368
|
+
|
|
1369
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−r or
|
|
1370
|
+
−−raw-control-chars</p>
|
|
1371
|
+
|
|
1372
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes "raw" control
|
|
1373
|
+
characters to be displayed. The default is to display
|
|
1374
|
+
control characters using the caret notation; for example, a
|
|
1375
|
+
control-A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A".
|
|
1376
|
+
Warning: when the −r option is used, <i>less</i>
|
|
1377
|
+
cannot keep track of the actual appearance of the screen
|
|
1378
|
+
(since this depends on how the screen responds to each type
|
|
1379
|
+
of control character). Thus, various display problems may
|
|
1380
|
+
result, such as long lines being split in the wrong
|
|
1381
|
+
place.</p>
|
|
1382
|
+
|
|
1383
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−R or
|
|
1384
|
+
−−RAW-CONTROL-CHARS</p>
|
|
1385
|
+
|
|
1386
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like −r, but only ANSI
|
|
1387
|
+
"color" escape sequences are output in
|
|
1388
|
+
"raw" form. Unlike −r, the screen appearance
|
|
1389
|
+
is maintained correctly in most cases. ANSI
|
|
1390
|
+
"color" escape sequences are sequences of the
|
|
1391
|
+
form:</p>
|
|
1392
|
+
|
|
1393
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
1394
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
1395
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1396
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1397
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
1398
|
+
<td width="85%">
|
|
1399
|
+
|
|
1400
|
+
|
|
1401
|
+
<p valign="top">ESC [ ... m</p></td>
|
|
1402
|
+
</table>
|
|
1403
|
+
|
|
1404
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">where the
|
|
1405
|
+
"..." is zero or more color specification
|
|
1406
|
+
characters For the purpose of keeping track of screen
|
|
1407
|
+
appearance, ANSI color escape sequences are assumed to not
|
|
1408
|
+
move the cursor. You can make <i>less</i> think that
|
|
1409
|
+
characters other than "m" can end ANSI color
|
|
1410
|
+
escape sequences by setting the environment variable
|
|
1411
|
+
LESSANSIENDCHARS to the list of characters which can end a
|
|
1412
|
+
color escape sequence. And you can make <i>less</i> think
|
|
1413
|
+
that characters other than the standard ones may appear
|
|
1414
|
+
between the ESC and the m by setting the environment
|
|
1415
|
+
variable LESSANSIMIDCHARS to the list of characters which
|
|
1416
|
+
can appear.</p>
|
|
1417
|
+
|
|
1418
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−s or
|
|
1419
|
+
−−squeeze-blank-lines</p>
|
|
1420
|
+
|
|
1421
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes consecutive blank lines
|
|
1422
|
+
to be squeezed into a single blank line. This is useful when
|
|
1423
|
+
viewing <i>nroff</i> output.</p>
|
|
1424
|
+
|
|
1425
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−S or
|
|
1426
|
+
−−chop-long-lines</p>
|
|
1427
|
+
|
|
1428
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes lines longer than the
|
|
1429
|
+
screen width to be chopped rather than folded. That is, the
|
|
1430
|
+
portion of a long line that does not fit in the screen width
|
|
1431
|
+
is not shown. The default is to fold long lines; that is,
|
|
1432
|
+
display the remainder on the next line.</p>
|
|
1433
|
+
|
|
1434
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−t<i>tag</i> or
|
|
1435
|
+
−−tag=<i>tag</i></p>
|
|
1436
|
+
|
|
1437
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The −t option, followed
|
|
1438
|
+
immediately by a TAG, will edit the file containing that
|
|
1439
|
+
tag. For this to work, tag information must be available;
|
|
1440
|
+
for example, there may be a file in the current directory
|
|
1441
|
+
called "tags", which was previously built by
|
|
1442
|
+
<i>ctags</i> (1) or an equivalent command. If the
|
|
1443
|
+
environment variable LESSGLOBALTAGS is set, it is taken to
|
|
1444
|
+
be the name of a command compatible with <i>global</i> (1),
|
|
1445
|
+
and that command is executed to find the tag. (See
|
|
1446
|
+
http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). The
|
|
1447
|
+
−t option may also be specified from within
|
|
1448
|
+
<i>less</i> (using the − command) as a way of
|
|
1449
|
+
examining a new file. The command ":t" is
|
|
1450
|
+
equivalent to specifying −t from within
|
|
1451
|
+
<i>less.</i></p>
|
|
1452
|
+
|
|
1453
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−T<i>tagsfile</i> or
|
|
1454
|
+
−−tag-file=<i>tagsfile</i></p>
|
|
1455
|
+
|
|
1456
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a tags file to be
|
|
1457
|
+
used instead of "tags".</p>
|
|
1458
|
+
|
|
1459
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−u or
|
|
1460
|
+
−−underline-special</p>
|
|
1461
|
+
|
|
1462
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes backspaces and carriage
|
|
1463
|
+
returns to be treated as printable characters; that is, they
|
|
1464
|
+
are sent to the terminal when they appear in the input.</p>
|
|
1465
|
+
|
|
1466
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−U or
|
|
1467
|
+
−−UNDERLINE-SPECIAL</p>
|
|
1468
|
+
|
|
1469
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes backspaces, tabs and
|
|
1470
|
+
carriage returns to be treated as control characters; that
|
|
1471
|
+
is, they are handled as specified by the −r
|
|
1472
|
+
option.</p>
|
|
1473
|
+
|
|
1474
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">By default, if
|
|
1475
|
+
neither −u nor −U is given, backspaces which
|
|
1476
|
+
appear adjacent to an underscore character are treated
|
|
1477
|
+
specially: the underlined text is displayed using the
|
|
1478
|
+
terminal’s hardware underlining capability. Also,
|
|
1479
|
+
backspaces which appear between two identical characters are
|
|
1480
|
+
treated specially: the overstruck text is printed using the
|
|
1481
|
+
terminal’s hardware boldface capability. Other
|
|
1482
|
+
backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding character.
|
|
1483
|
+
Carriage returns immediately followed by a newline are
|
|
1484
|
+
deleted. other carriage returns are handled as specified by
|
|
1485
|
+
the −r option. Text which is overstruck or underlined
|
|
1486
|
+
can be searched for if neither −u nor −U is in
|
|
1487
|
+
effect.</p>
|
|
1488
|
+
|
|
1489
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−V or
|
|
1490
|
+
−−version</p>
|
|
1491
|
+
|
|
1492
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Displays the version number of
|
|
1493
|
+
<i>less.</i></p>
|
|
1494
|
+
|
|
1495
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−w or
|
|
1496
|
+
−−hilite-unread</p>
|
|
1497
|
+
|
|
1498
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Temporarily highlights the
|
|
1499
|
+
first "new" line after a forward movement of a
|
|
1500
|
+
full page. The first "new" line is the line
|
|
1501
|
+
immediately following the line previously at the bottom of
|
|
1502
|
+
the screen. Also highlights the target line after a g or p
|
|
1503
|
+
command. The highlight is removed at the next command which
|
|
1504
|
+
causes movement. The entire line is highlighted, unless the
|
|
1505
|
+
−J option is in effect, in which case only the status
|
|
1506
|
+
column is highlighted.</p>
|
|
1507
|
+
|
|
1508
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−W or
|
|
1509
|
+
−−HILITE-UNREAD</p>
|
|
1510
|
+
|
|
1511
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like −w, but temporarily
|
|
1512
|
+
highlights the first new line after any forward movement
|
|
1513
|
+
command larger than one line.</p>
|
|
1514
|
+
|
|
1515
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−x<i>n</i>,... or
|
|
1516
|
+
−−tabs=<i>n</i>,...</p>
|
|
1517
|
+
|
|
1518
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Sets tab stops. If only one
|
|
1519
|
+
<i>n</i> is specified, tab stops are set at multiples of
|
|
1520
|
+
<i>n</i>. If multiple values separated by commas are
|
|
1521
|
+
specified, tab stops are set at those positions, and then
|
|
1522
|
+
continue with the same spacing as the last two. For example,
|
|
1523
|
+
<i>-x9,17</i> will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
|
|
1524
|
+
The default for <i>n</i> is 8.</p>
|
|
1525
|
+
|
|
1526
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−X or
|
|
1527
|
+
−−no-init</p>
|
|
1528
|
+
|
|
1529
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables sending the termcap
|
|
1530
|
+
initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal.
|
|
1531
|
+
This is sometimes desirable if the deinitialization string
|
|
1532
|
+
does something unnecessary, like clearing the screen.</p>
|
|
1533
|
+
|
|
1534
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−y<i>n</i> or
|
|
1535
|
+
−−max-forw-scroll=<i>n</i></p>
|
|
1536
|
+
|
|
1537
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a maximum number of
|
|
1538
|
+
lines to scroll forward. If it is necessary to scroll
|
|
1539
|
+
forward more than <i>n</i> lines, the screen is repainted
|
|
1540
|
+
instead. The −c or −C option may be used to
|
|
1541
|
+
repaint from the top of the screen if desired. By default,
|
|
1542
|
+
any forward movement causes scrolling.</p>
|
|
1543
|
+
|
|
1544
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−[z]<i>n</i> or
|
|
1545
|
+
−−window=<i>n</i></p>
|
|
1546
|
+
|
|
1547
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Changes the default scrolling
|
|
1548
|
+
window size to <i>n</i> lines. The default is one screenful.
|
|
1549
|
+
The z and w commands can also be used to change the window
|
|
1550
|
+
size. The "z" may be omitted for compatibility
|
|
1551
|
+
with some versions of <i>more.</i> If the number <i>n</i> is
|
|
1552
|
+
negative, it indicates <i>n</i> lines less than the current
|
|
1553
|
+
screen size. For example, if the screen is 24 lines,
|
|
1554
|
+
<i>−z-4</i> sets the scrolling window to 20 lines. If
|
|
1555
|
+
the screen is resized to 40 lines, the scrolling window
|
|
1556
|
+
automatically changes to 36 lines.</p>
|
|
1557
|
+
|
|
1558
|
+
|
|
1559
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−<i>"cc </i>or −−quotes=<i>cc</i></p>
|
|
1560
|
+
|
|
1561
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Changes the filename quoting
|
|
1562
|
+
character. This may be necessary if you are trying to name a
|
|
1563
|
+
file which contains both spaces and quote characters.
|
|
1564
|
+
Followed by a single character, this changes the quote
|
|
1565
|
+
character to that character. Filenames containing a space
|
|
1566
|
+
should then be surrounded by that character rather than by
|
|
1567
|
+
double quotes. Followed by two characters, changes the open
|
|
1568
|
+
quote to the first character, and the close quote to the
|
|
1569
|
+
second character. Filenames containing a space should then
|
|
1570
|
+
be preceded by the open quote character and followed by the
|
|
1571
|
+
close quote character. Note that even after the quote
|
|
1572
|
+
characters are changed, this option remains −" (a
|
|
1573
|
+
dash followed by a double quote).</p>
|
|
1574
|
+
|
|
1575
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−~ or
|
|
1576
|
+
−−tilde</p>
|
|
1577
|
+
|
|
1578
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally lines after end of
|
|
1579
|
+
file are displayed as a single tilde (~). This option causes
|
|
1580
|
+
lines after end of file to be displayed as blank lines.</p>
|
|
1581
|
+
|
|
1582
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−# or
|
|
1583
|
+
−−shift</p>
|
|
1584
|
+
|
|
1585
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies the default number of
|
|
1586
|
+
positions to scroll horizontally in the RIGHTARROW and
|
|
1587
|
+
LEFTARROW commands. If the number specified is zero, it sets
|
|
1588
|
+
the default number of positions to one half of the screen
|
|
1589
|
+
width.</p>
|
|
1590
|
+
|
|
1591
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−−no-keypad</p>
|
|
1592
|
+
|
|
1593
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables sending the keypad
|
|
1594
|
+
initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal.
|
|
1595
|
+
This is sometimes useful if the keypad strings make the
|
|
1596
|
+
numeric keypad behave in an undesirable manner.</p>
|
|
1597
|
+
|
|
1598
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">−−follow-name</p>
|
|
1599
|
+
|
|
1600
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally, if the input file is
|
|
1601
|
+
renamed while an F command is executing, <i>less</i> will
|
|
1602
|
+
continue to display the contents of the original file
|
|
1603
|
+
despite its name change. If −−follow-name is
|
|
1604
|
+
specified, during an F command <i>less</i> will periodically
|
|
1605
|
+
attempt to reopen the file by name. If the reopen succeeds
|
|
1606
|
+
and the file is a different file from the original (which
|
|
1607
|
+
means that a new file has been created with the same name as
|
|
1608
|
+
the original (now renamed) file), <i>less</i> will display
|
|
1609
|
+
the contents of that new file.</p>
|
|
1610
|
+
|
|
1611
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
1612
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
1613
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1614
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
1615
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
1616
|
+
|
|
1617
|
+
|
|
1618
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−−</p></td>
|
|
1619
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1620
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
1621
|
+
|
|
1622
|
+
|
|
1623
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">A command line
|
|
1624
|
+
argument of "−−" marks the end of
|
|
1625
|
+
option arguments. Any arguments following this are
|
|
1626
|
+
interpreted as filenames. This can be useful when viewing a
|
|
1627
|
+
file whose name begins with a "−" or
|
|
1628
|
+
"+".</p> </td>
|
|
1629
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1630
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
1631
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
1632
|
+
|
|
1633
|
+
|
|
1634
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">+</p></td>
|
|
1635
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1636
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
1637
|
+
|
|
1638
|
+
|
|
1639
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a command line
|
|
1640
|
+
option begins with <b>+</b>, the remainder of that option is
|
|
1641
|
+
taken to be an initial command to <i>less.</i> For example,
|
|
1642
|
+
+G tells <i>less</i> to start at the end of the file rather
|
|
1643
|
+
than the beginning, and +/xyz tells it to start at the first
|
|
1644
|
+
occurrence of "xyz" in the file. As a special
|
|
1645
|
+
case, +<number> acts like +<number>g; that is,
|
|
1646
|
+
it starts the display at the specified line number (however,
|
|
1647
|
+
see the caveat under the "g" command above). If
|
|
1648
|
+
the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to
|
|
1649
|
+
every file being viewed, not just the first one. The +
|
|
1650
|
+
command described previously may also be used to set (or
|
|
1651
|
+
change) an initial command for every file.</p></td>
|
|
1652
|
+
</table>
|
|
1653
|
+
|
|
1654
|
+
<a name="LINE EDITING"></a>
|
|
1655
|
+
<h2>LINE EDITING</h2>
|
|
1656
|
+
|
|
1657
|
+
|
|
1658
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When entering
|
|
1659
|
+
command line at the bottom of the screen (for example, a
|
|
1660
|
+
filename for the :e command, or the pattern for a search
|
|
1661
|
+
command), certain keys can be used to manipulate the command
|
|
1662
|
+
line. Most commands have an alternate form in [ brackets ]
|
|
1663
|
+
which can be used if a key does not exist on a particular
|
|
1664
|
+
keyboard. (Note that the forms beginning with ESC do not
|
|
1665
|
+
work in some MS-DOS and Windows systems because ESC is the
|
|
1666
|
+
line erase character.) Any of these special keys may be
|
|
1667
|
+
entered literally by preceding it with the
|
|
1668
|
+
"literal" character, either ^V or ^A. A backslash
|
|
1669
|
+
itself may also be entered literally by entering two
|
|
1670
|
+
backslashes. <br>
|
|
1671
|
+
LEFTARROW [ ESC-h ]</p>
|
|
1672
|
+
|
|
1673
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor one space to
|
|
1674
|
+
the left.</p>
|
|
1675
|
+
|
|
1676
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">RIGHTARROW [ ESC-l ]</p>
|
|
1677
|
+
|
|
1678
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor one space to
|
|
1679
|
+
the right.</p>
|
|
1680
|
+
|
|
1681
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^LEFTARROW [ ESC-b or
|
|
1682
|
+
ESC-LEFTARROW ]</p>
|
|
1683
|
+
|
|
1684
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and LEFTARROW
|
|
1685
|
+
simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the left.</p>
|
|
1686
|
+
|
|
1687
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^RIGHTARROW [ ESC-w or
|
|
1688
|
+
ESC-RIGHTARROW ]</p>
|
|
1689
|
+
|
|
1690
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and
|
|
1691
|
+
RIGHTARROW simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the
|
|
1692
|
+
right.</p>
|
|
1693
|
+
|
|
1694
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">HOME [ ESC-0 ]</p>
|
|
1695
|
+
|
|
1696
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor to the
|
|
1697
|
+
beginning of the line.</p>
|
|
1698
|
+
|
|
1699
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">END [ ESC-$ ]</p>
|
|
1700
|
+
|
|
1701
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor to the end of
|
|
1702
|
+
the line.</p>
|
|
1703
|
+
|
|
1704
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">BACKSPACE</p>
|
|
1705
|
+
|
|
1706
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the character to the
|
|
1707
|
+
left of the cursor, or cancel the command if the command
|
|
1708
|
+
line is empty.</p>
|
|
1709
|
+
|
|
1710
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">DELETE or [ ESC-x ]</p>
|
|
1711
|
+
|
|
1712
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the character under the
|
|
1713
|
+
cursor.</p>
|
|
1714
|
+
|
|
1715
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^BACKSPACE [ ESC-BACKSPACE
|
|
1716
|
+
]</p>
|
|
1717
|
+
|
|
1718
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and BACKSPACE
|
|
1719
|
+
simultaneously.) Delete the word to the left of the
|
|
1720
|
+
cursor.</p>
|
|
1721
|
+
|
|
1722
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^DELETE [ ESC-X or ESC-DELETE
|
|
1723
|
+
]</p>
|
|
1724
|
+
|
|
1725
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and DELETE
|
|
1726
|
+
simultaneously.) Delete the word under the cursor.</p>
|
|
1727
|
+
|
|
1728
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">UPARROW [ ESC-k ]</p>
|
|
1729
|
+
|
|
1730
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Retrieve the previous command
|
|
1731
|
+
line.</p>
|
|
1732
|
+
|
|
1733
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">DOWNARROW [ ESC-j ]</p>
|
|
1734
|
+
|
|
1735
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Retrieve the next command
|
|
1736
|
+
line.</p>
|
|
1737
|
+
|
|
1738
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
1739
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
1740
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1741
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
1742
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
1743
|
+
|
|
1744
|
+
|
|
1745
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">TAB</p></td>
|
|
1746
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
1747
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
1748
|
+
|
|
1749
|
+
|
|
1750
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Complete the
|
|
1751
|
+
partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches
|
|
1752
|
+
more than one filename, the first match is entered into the
|
|
1753
|
+
command line. Repeated TABs will cycle thru the other
|
|
1754
|
+
matching filenames. If the completed filename is a
|
|
1755
|
+
directory, a "/" is appended to the filename. (On
|
|
1756
|
+
MS-DOS systems, a "\" is appended.) The
|
|
1757
|
+
environment variable LESSSEPARATOR can be used to specify a
|
|
1758
|
+
different character to append to a directory name.</p></td>
|
|
1759
|
+
</table>
|
|
1760
|
+
|
|
1761
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">BACKTAB [ ESC-TAB ]</p>
|
|
1762
|
+
|
|
1763
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like, TAB, but cycles in the
|
|
1764
|
+
reverse direction thru the matching filenames.</p>
|
|
1765
|
+
|
|
1766
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
1767
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
1768
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1769
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
1770
|
+
<td width="3%">
|
|
1771
|
+
|
|
1772
|
+
|
|
1773
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^L</p></td>
|
|
1774
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1775
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
1776
|
+
|
|
1777
|
+
|
|
1778
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Complete the
|
|
1779
|
+
partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches
|
|
1780
|
+
more than one filename, all matches are entered into the
|
|
1781
|
+
command line (if they fit).</p></td>
|
|
1782
|
+
</table>
|
|
1783
|
+
|
|
1784
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">^U (Unix and OS/2) or ESC
|
|
1785
|
+
(MS-DOS)</p>
|
|
1786
|
+
|
|
1787
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the entire command line,
|
|
1788
|
+
or cancel the command if the command line is empty. If you
|
|
1789
|
+
have changed your line-kill character in Unix to something
|
|
1790
|
+
other than ^U, that character is used instead of ^U.</p>
|
|
1791
|
+
|
|
1792
|
+
<a name="KEY BINDINGS"></a>
|
|
1793
|
+
<h2>KEY BINDINGS</h2>
|
|
1794
|
+
|
|
1795
|
+
|
|
1796
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You may define
|
|
1797
|
+
your own <i>less</i> commands by using the program
|
|
1798
|
+
<i>lesskey</i> (1) to create a lesskey file. This file
|
|
1799
|
+
specifies a set of command keys and an action associated
|
|
1800
|
+
with each key. You may also use <i>lesskey</i> to change the
|
|
1801
|
+
line-editing keys (see LINE EDITING), and to set environment
|
|
1802
|
+
variables. If the environment variable LESSKEY is set,
|
|
1803
|
+
<i>less</i> uses that as the name of the lesskey file.
|
|
1804
|
+
Otherwise, <i>less</i> looks in a standard place for the
|
|
1805
|
+
lesskey file: On Unix systems, <i>less</i> looks for a
|
|
1806
|
+
lesskey file called "$HOME/.less". On MS-DOS and
|
|
1807
|
+
Windows systems, <i>less</i> looks for a lesskey file called
|
|
1808
|
+
"$HOME/_less", and if it is not found there, then
|
|
1809
|
+
looks for a lesskey file called "_less" in any
|
|
1810
|
+
directory specified in the PATH environment variable. On
|
|
1811
|
+
OS/2 systems, <i>less</i> looks for a lesskey file called
|
|
1812
|
+
"$HOME/less.ini", and if it is not found, then
|
|
1813
|
+
looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in any
|
|
1814
|
+
directory specified in the INIT environment variable, and if
|
|
1815
|
+
it not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called
|
|
1816
|
+
"less.ini" in any directory specified in the PATH
|
|
1817
|
+
environment variable. See the <i>lesskey</i> manual page for
|
|
1818
|
+
more details.</p>
|
|
1819
|
+
|
|
1820
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A system-wide
|
|
1821
|
+
lesskey file may also be set up to provide key bindings. If
|
|
1822
|
+
a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the
|
|
1823
|
+
system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take
|
|
1824
|
+
precedence over those in the system-wide file. If the
|
|
1825
|
+
environment variable LESSKEY_SYSTEM is set, <i>less</i> uses
|
|
1826
|
+
that as the name of the system-wide lesskey file. Otherwise,
|
|
1827
|
+
<i>less</i> looks in a standard place for the system-wide
|
|
1828
|
+
lesskey file: On Unix systems, the system-wide lesskey file
|
|
1829
|
+
is /usr/local/etc/sysless. (However, if <i>less</i> was
|
|
1830
|
+
built with a different sysconf directory than
|
|
1831
|
+
/usr/local/etc, that directory is where the sysless file is
|
|
1832
|
+
found.) On MS-DOS and Windows systems, the system-wide
|
|
1833
|
+
lesskey file is c:\_sysless. On OS/2 systems, the
|
|
1834
|
+
system-wide lesskey file is c:\sysless.ini.</p>
|
|
1835
|
+
|
|
1836
|
+
<a name="INPUT PREPROCESSOR"></a>
|
|
1837
|
+
<h2>INPUT PREPROCESSOR</h2>
|
|
1838
|
+
|
|
1839
|
+
|
|
1840
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You may define
|
|
1841
|
+
an "input preprocessor" for <i>less.</i> Before
|
|
1842
|
+
<i>less</i> opens a file, it first gives your input
|
|
1843
|
+
preprocessor a chance to modify the way the contents of the
|
|
1844
|
+
file are displayed. An input preprocessor is simply an
|
|
1845
|
+
executable program (or shell script), which writes the
|
|
1846
|
+
contents of the file to a different file, called the
|
|
1847
|
+
replacement file. The contents of the replacement file are
|
|
1848
|
+
then displayed in place of the contents of the original
|
|
1849
|
+
file. However, it will appear to the user as if the original
|
|
1850
|
+
file is opened; that is, <i>less</i> will display the
|
|
1851
|
+
original filename as the name of the current file.</p>
|
|
1852
|
+
|
|
1853
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">An input
|
|
1854
|
+
preprocessor receives one command line argument, the
|
|
1855
|
+
original filename, as entered by the user. It should create
|
|
1856
|
+
the replacement file, and when finished, print the name of
|
|
1857
|
+
the replacement file to its standard output. If the input
|
|
1858
|
+
preprocessor does not output a replacement filename,
|
|
1859
|
+
<i>less</i> uses the original file, as normal. The input
|
|
1860
|
+
preprocessor is not called when viewing standard input. To
|
|
1861
|
+
set up an input preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environment
|
|
1862
|
+
variable to a command line which will invoke your input
|
|
1863
|
+
preprocessor. This command line should include one
|
|
1864
|
+
occurrence of the string "%s", which will be
|
|
1865
|
+
replaced by the filename when the input preprocessor command
|
|
1866
|
+
is invoked.</p>
|
|
1867
|
+
|
|
1868
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When
|
|
1869
|
+
<i>less</i> closes a file opened in such a way, it will call
|
|
1870
|
+
another program, called the input postprocessor, which may
|
|
1871
|
+
perform any desired clean-up action (such as deleting the
|
|
1872
|
+
replacement file created by LESSOPEN). This program receives
|
|
1873
|
+
two command line arguments, the original filename as entered
|
|
1874
|
+
by the user, and the name of the replacement file. To set up
|
|
1875
|
+
an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment
|
|
1876
|
+
variable to a command line which will invoke your input
|
|
1877
|
+
postprocessor. It may include two occurrences of the string
|
|
1878
|
+
"%s"; the first is replaced with the original name
|
|
1879
|
+
of the file and the second with the name of the replacement
|
|
1880
|
+
file, which was output by LESSOPEN.</p>
|
|
1881
|
+
|
|
1882
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For example, on
|
|
1883
|
+
many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to keep
|
|
1884
|
+
files in compressed format, but still let <i>less</i> view
|
|
1885
|
+
them directly:</p>
|
|
1886
|
+
|
|
1887
|
+
|
|
1888
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lessopen.sh:</p>
|
|
1889
|
+
|
|
1890
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
1891
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
1892
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1893
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1894
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
1895
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1896
|
+
|
|
1897
|
+
|
|
1898
|
+
<p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
|
|
1899
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1900
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1901
|
+
</td>
|
|
1902
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1903
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1904
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
1905
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1906
|
+
|
|
1907
|
+
|
|
1908
|
+
<p valign="top">case "$1" in</p></td>
|
|
1909
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1910
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1911
|
+
</td>
|
|
1912
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1913
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1914
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1915
|
+
</td>
|
|
1916
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1917
|
+
|
|
1918
|
+
|
|
1919
|
+
<p valign="top">*.Z)</p></td>
|
|
1920
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1921
|
+
|
|
1922
|
+
|
|
1923
|
+
<p valign="top">uncompress -</p></td>
|
|
1924
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1925
|
+
</td>
|
|
1926
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1927
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1928
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1929
|
+
</td>
|
|
1930
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1931
|
+
</td>
|
|
1932
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1933
|
+
|
|
1934
|
+
|
|
1935
|
+
<p valign="top">if [ −s /tmp/less.$$ ]; then</p></td>
|
|
1936
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1937
|
+
</td>
|
|
1938
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1939
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1940
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1941
|
+
</td>
|
|
1942
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1943
|
+
</td>
|
|
1944
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1945
|
+
</td>
|
|
1946
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1947
|
+
|
|
1948
|
+
|
|
1949
|
+
<p valign="top">echo /tmp/less.$$</p></td>
|
|
1950
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1951
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1952
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1953
|
+
</td>
|
|
1954
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1955
|
+
</td>
|
|
1956
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1957
|
+
|
|
1958
|
+
|
|
1959
|
+
<p valign="top">else</p></td>
|
|
1960
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1961
|
+
</td>
|
|
1962
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1963
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1964
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1965
|
+
</td>
|
|
1966
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1967
|
+
</td>
|
|
1968
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1969
|
+
</td>
|
|
1970
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1971
|
+
|
|
1972
|
+
|
|
1973
|
+
<p valign="top">rm −f /tmp/less.$$</p></td>
|
|
1974
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1975
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1976
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1977
|
+
</td>
|
|
1978
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1979
|
+
</td>
|
|
1980
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1981
|
+
|
|
1982
|
+
|
|
1983
|
+
<p valign="top">fi</p></td>
|
|
1984
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1985
|
+
</td>
|
|
1986
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1987
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
1988
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
1989
|
+
</td>
|
|
1990
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1991
|
+
</td>
|
|
1992
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
1993
|
+
|
|
1994
|
+
|
|
1995
|
+
<p valign="top">;;</p></td>
|
|
1996
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
1997
|
+
</td>
|
|
1998
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
1999
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2000
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2001
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2002
|
+
|
|
2003
|
+
|
|
2004
|
+
<p valign="top">esac</p></td>
|
|
2005
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2006
|
+
<td width="69%">
|
|
2007
|
+
</td>
|
|
2008
|
+
</table>
|
|
2009
|
+
|
|
2010
|
+
|
|
2011
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lessclose.sh:</p>
|
|
2012
|
+
|
|
2013
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2014
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2015
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2016
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2017
|
+
<td width="92%">
|
|
2018
|
+
|
|
2019
|
+
|
|
2020
|
+
<p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
|
|
2021
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2022
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2023
|
+
<td width="92%">
|
|
2024
|
+
|
|
2025
|
+
|
|
2026
|
+
<p valign="top">rm $2</p></td>
|
|
2027
|
+
</table>
|
|
2028
|
+
|
|
2029
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To use these
|
|
2030
|
+
scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set
|
|
2031
|
+
LESSOPEN="lessopen.sh %s", and
|
|
2032
|
+
LESSCLOSE="lessclose.sh %s %s". More
|
|
2033
|
+
complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to
|
|
2034
|
+
accept other types of compressed files, and so on.</p>
|
|
2035
|
+
|
|
2036
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">It is also
|
|
2037
|
+
possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file
|
|
2038
|
+
data directly to <i>less,</i> rather than putting the data
|
|
2039
|
+
into a replacement file. This avoids the need to decompress
|
|
2040
|
+
the entire file before starting to view it. An input
|
|
2041
|
+
preprocessor that works this way is called an input pipe. An
|
|
2042
|
+
input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replacement
|
|
2043
|
+
file on its standard output, writes the entire contents of
|
|
2044
|
+
the replacement file on its standard output. If the input
|
|
2045
|
+
pipe does not write any characters on its standard output,
|
|
2046
|
+
then there is no replacement file and <i>less</i> uses the
|
|
2047
|
+
original file, as normal. To use an input pipe, make the
|
|
2048
|
+
first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a
|
|
2049
|
+
vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is
|
|
2050
|
+
an input pipe.</p>
|
|
2051
|
+
|
|
2052
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For example, on
|
|
2053
|
+
many Unix systems, this script will work like the previous
|
|
2054
|
+
example scripts:</p>
|
|
2055
|
+
|
|
2056
|
+
|
|
2057
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lesspipe.sh:</p>
|
|
2058
|
+
|
|
2059
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2060
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2061
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2062
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2063
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2064
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2065
|
+
|
|
2066
|
+
|
|
2067
|
+
<p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
|
|
2068
|
+
<td width="77%">
|
|
2069
|
+
</td>
|
|
2070
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2071
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2072
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2073
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2074
|
+
|
|
2075
|
+
|
|
2076
|
+
<p valign="top">case "$1" in</p></td>
|
|
2077
|
+
<td width="77%">
|
|
2078
|
+
</td>
|
|
2079
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2080
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2081
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
2082
|
+
</td>
|
|
2083
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2084
|
+
|
|
2085
|
+
|
|
2086
|
+
<p valign="top">*.Z)</p></td>
|
|
2087
|
+
<td width="77%">
|
|
2088
|
+
|
|
2089
|
+
|
|
2090
|
+
<p valign="top">uncompress −c $1 2>/dev/null</p></td>
|
|
2091
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2092
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2093
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
2094
|
+
</td>
|
|
2095
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2096
|
+
</td>
|
|
2097
|
+
<td width="77%">
|
|
2098
|
+
|
|
2099
|
+
|
|
2100
|
+
<p valign="top">;;</p></td>
|
|
2101
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2102
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2103
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2104
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2105
|
+
|
|
2106
|
+
|
|
2107
|
+
<p valign="top">esac</p></td>
|
|
2108
|
+
<td width="77%">
|
|
2109
|
+
</td>
|
|
2110
|
+
</table>
|
|
2111
|
+
|
|
2112
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To use this
|
|
2113
|
+
script, put it where it can be executed and set
|
|
2114
|
+
LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s". When an input pipe is
|
|
2115
|
+
used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but it is
|
|
2116
|
+
usually not necessary since there is no replacement file to
|
|
2117
|
+
clean up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to
|
|
2118
|
+
the LESSCLOSE postprocessor is "−".</p>
|
|
2119
|
+
|
|
2120
|
+
<a name="NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS"></a>
|
|
2121
|
+
<h2>NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS</h2>
|
|
2122
|
+
|
|
2123
|
+
|
|
2124
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">There are three
|
|
2125
|
+
types of characters in the input file: <br>
|
|
2126
|
+
normal characters</p>
|
|
2127
|
+
|
|
2128
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">can be displayed directly to
|
|
2129
|
+
the screen.</p>
|
|
2130
|
+
|
|
2131
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">control characters</p>
|
|
2132
|
+
|
|
2133
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">should not be displayed
|
|
2134
|
+
directly, but are expected to be found in ordinary text
|
|
2135
|
+
files (such as backspace and tab).</p>
|
|
2136
|
+
|
|
2137
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">binary characters</p>
|
|
2138
|
+
|
|
2139
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">should not be displayed
|
|
2140
|
+
directly and are not expected to be found in text files.</p>
|
|
2141
|
+
|
|
2142
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A
|
|
2143
|
+
"character set" is simply a description of which
|
|
2144
|
+
characters are to be considered normal, control, and binary.
|
|
2145
|
+
The LESSCHARSET environment variable may be used to select a
|
|
2146
|
+
character set. Possible values for LESSCHARSET are:</p>
|
|
2147
|
+
|
|
2148
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2149
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2150
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2151
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2152
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
2153
|
+
|
|
2154
|
+
|
|
2155
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ascii</p></td>
|
|
2156
|
+
<td width="4%"></td>
|
|
2157
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2158
|
+
|
|
2159
|
+
|
|
2160
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">BS, TAB, NL, CR,
|
|
2161
|
+
and formfeed are control characters, all chars with values
|
|
2162
|
+
between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are
|
|
2163
|
+
binary.</p> </td>
|
|
2164
|
+
</table>
|
|
2165
|
+
|
|
2166
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">iso8859</p>
|
|
2167
|
+
|
|
2168
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects an ISO 8859 character
|
|
2169
|
+
set. This is the same as ASCII, except characters between
|
|
2170
|
+
160 and 255 are treated as normal characters.</p>
|
|
2171
|
+
|
|
2172
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2173
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2174
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2175
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2176
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2177
|
+
|
|
2178
|
+
|
|
2179
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">latin1</p></td>
|
|
2180
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2181
|
+
<td width="72%">
|
|
2182
|
+
|
|
2183
|
+
|
|
2184
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
|
|
2185
|
+
iso8859.</p> </td>
|
|
2186
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
2187
|
+
</td>
|
|
2188
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2189
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2190
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2191
|
+
|
|
2192
|
+
|
|
2193
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">latin9</p></td>
|
|
2194
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2195
|
+
<td width="72%">
|
|
2196
|
+
|
|
2197
|
+
|
|
2198
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
|
|
2199
|
+
iso8859.</p> </td>
|
|
2200
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
2201
|
+
</td>
|
|
2202
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2203
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2204
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2205
|
+
|
|
2206
|
+
|
|
2207
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">dos</p></td>
|
|
2208
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2209
|
+
<td width="72%">
|
|
2210
|
+
|
|
2211
|
+
|
|
2212
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a character
|
|
2213
|
+
set appropriate for MS-DOS.</p></td>
|
|
2214
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
2215
|
+
</td>
|
|
2216
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2217
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2218
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2219
|
+
|
|
2220
|
+
|
|
2221
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ebcdic</p></td>
|
|
2222
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2223
|
+
<td width="72%">
|
|
2224
|
+
|
|
2225
|
+
|
|
2226
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects an EBCDIC
|
|
2227
|
+
character set.</p></td>
|
|
2228
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
2229
|
+
</td>
|
|
2230
|
+
</table>
|
|
2231
|
+
|
|
2232
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">IBM-1047</p>
|
|
2233
|
+
|
|
2234
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects an EBCDIC character set
|
|
2235
|
+
used by OS/390 Unix Services. This is the EBCDIC analogue of
|
|
2236
|
+
latin1. You get similar results by setting either
|
|
2237
|
+
LESSCHARSET=IBM-1047 or LC_CTYPE=en_US in your
|
|
2238
|
+
environment.</p>
|
|
2239
|
+
|
|
2240
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2241
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2242
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2243
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2244
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2245
|
+
|
|
2246
|
+
|
|
2247
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">koi8-r</p></td>
|
|
2248
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2249
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2250
|
+
|
|
2251
|
+
|
|
2252
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a Russian
|
|
2253
|
+
character set.</p></td>
|
|
2254
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2255
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2256
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2257
|
+
|
|
2258
|
+
|
|
2259
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">next</p></td>
|
|
2260
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2261
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2262
|
+
|
|
2263
|
+
|
|
2264
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a character
|
|
2265
|
+
set appropriate for NeXT computers.</p></td>
|
|
2266
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2267
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2268
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
2269
|
+
|
|
2270
|
+
|
|
2271
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">utf-8</p></td>
|
|
2272
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
2273
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2274
|
+
|
|
2275
|
+
|
|
2276
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects the UTF-8
|
|
2277
|
+
encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. UTF-8 is special in
|
|
2278
|
+
that it supports multi-byte characters in the input file. It
|
|
2279
|
+
is the only character set that supports multi-byte
|
|
2280
|
+
characters.</p> </td>
|
|
2281
|
+
</table>
|
|
2282
|
+
|
|
2283
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">windows</p>
|
|
2284
|
+
|
|
2285
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects a character set
|
|
2286
|
+
appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp 1251).</p>
|
|
2287
|
+
|
|
2288
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In rare cases,
|
|
2289
|
+
it may be desired to tailor <i>less</i> to use a character
|
|
2290
|
+
set other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this
|
|
2291
|
+
case, the environment variable LESSCHARDEF can be used to
|
|
2292
|
+
define a character set. It should be set to a string where
|
|
2293
|
+
each character in the string represents one character in the
|
|
2294
|
+
character set. The character "." is used for a
|
|
2295
|
+
normal character, "c" for control, and
|
|
2296
|
+
"b" for binary. A decimal number may be used for
|
|
2297
|
+
repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean
|
|
2298
|
+
character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7
|
|
2299
|
+
are binary, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last
|
|
2300
|
+
are taken to be the same as the last, so characters 9
|
|
2301
|
+
through 255 would be normal. (This is an example, and does
|
|
2302
|
+
not necessarily represent any real character set.)</p>
|
|
2303
|
+
|
|
2304
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This table
|
|
2305
|
+
shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each
|
|
2306
|
+
of the possible values for LESSCHARSET:</p>
|
|
2307
|
+
|
|
2308
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2309
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2310
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2311
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2312
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2313
|
+
|
|
2314
|
+
|
|
2315
|
+
<p valign="top">ascii </p></td>
|
|
2316
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2317
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2318
|
+
|
|
2319
|
+
|
|
2320
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.b</p></td>
|
|
2321
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2322
|
+
</td>
|
|
2323
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2324
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2325
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2326
|
+
|
|
2327
|
+
|
|
2328
|
+
<p valign="top">dos </p></td>
|
|
2329
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2330
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2331
|
+
|
|
2332
|
+
|
|
2333
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b.</p></td>
|
|
2334
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2335
|
+
</td>
|
|
2336
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2337
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2338
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2339
|
+
|
|
2340
|
+
|
|
2341
|
+
<p valign="top">ebcdic</p></td>
|
|
2342
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2343
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2344
|
+
|
|
2345
|
+
|
|
2346
|
+
|
|
2347
|
+
<p valign="top">5bc6bcc7bcc41b.9b7.9b5.b..8b6.10b6.b9.7b</p> </td>
|
|
2348
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2349
|
+
</td>
|
|
2350
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2351
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2352
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2353
|
+
|
|
2354
|
+
|
|
2355
|
+
<p valign="top"> </p></td>
|
|
2356
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2357
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2358
|
+
|
|
2359
|
+
|
|
2360
|
+
<p valign="top">9.8b8.17b3.3b9.7b9.8b8.6b10.b.b.b.</p></td>
|
|
2361
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2362
|
+
</td>
|
|
2363
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2364
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2365
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2366
|
+
|
|
2367
|
+
|
|
2368
|
+
<p valign="top">IBM-1047</p></td>
|
|
2369
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2370
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2371
|
+
|
|
2372
|
+
|
|
2373
|
+
|
|
2374
|
+
<p valign="top">4cbcbc3b9cbccbccbb4c6bcc5b3cbbc4bc4bccbc</p> </td>
|
|
2375
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2376
|
+
</td>
|
|
2377
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2378
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2379
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2380
|
+
|
|
2381
|
+
|
|
2382
|
+
<p valign="top"> </p></td>
|
|
2383
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2384
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2385
|
+
|
|
2386
|
+
|
|
2387
|
+
<p valign="top">191.b</p></td>
|
|
2388
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2389
|
+
</td>
|
|
2390
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2391
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2392
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2393
|
+
|
|
2394
|
+
|
|
2395
|
+
<p valign="top">iso8859</p></td>
|
|
2396
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2397
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2398
|
+
|
|
2399
|
+
|
|
2400
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.33b.</p></td>
|
|
2401
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2402
|
+
</td>
|
|
2403
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2404
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2405
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2406
|
+
|
|
2407
|
+
|
|
2408
|
+
<p valign="top">koi8-r</p></td>
|
|
2409
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2410
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2411
|
+
|
|
2412
|
+
|
|
2413
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.b128.</p></td>
|
|
2414
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2415
|
+
</td>
|
|
2416
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2417
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2418
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2419
|
+
|
|
2420
|
+
|
|
2421
|
+
<p valign="top">latin1</p></td>
|
|
2422
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2423
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2424
|
+
|
|
2425
|
+
|
|
2426
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.33b.</p></td>
|
|
2427
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2428
|
+
</td>
|
|
2429
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2430
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2431
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2432
|
+
|
|
2433
|
+
|
|
2434
|
+
<p valign="top">next </p></td>
|
|
2435
|
+
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
2436
|
+
<td width="8%">
|
|
2437
|
+
|
|
2438
|
+
|
|
2439
|
+
<p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb</p></td>
|
|
2440
|
+
<td width="58%">
|
|
2441
|
+
</td>
|
|
2442
|
+
</table>
|
|
2443
|
+
|
|
2444
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If neither
|
|
2445
|
+
LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings
|
|
2446
|
+
"UTF-8", "UTF8", "utf-8" or
|
|
2447
|
+
"utf8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_TYPE or LANG
|
|
2448
|
+
environment variables, then the default character set is
|
|
2449
|
+
utf-8.</p>
|
|
2450
|
+
|
|
2451
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If that string
|
|
2452
|
+
is not found, but your system supports the <i>setlocale</i>
|
|
2453
|
+
interface, <i>less</i> will use setlocale to determine the
|
|
2454
|
+
character set. setlocale is controlled by setting the LANG
|
|
2455
|
+
or LC_CTYPE environment variables.</p>
|
|
2456
|
+
|
|
2457
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Finally, if the
|
|
2458
|
+
<i>setlocale</i> interface is also not available, the
|
|
2459
|
+
default character set is latin1.</p>
|
|
2460
|
+
|
|
2461
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Control and
|
|
2462
|
+
binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse video).
|
|
2463
|
+
Each such character is displayed in caret notation if
|
|
2464
|
+
possible (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used
|
|
2465
|
+
only if inverting the 0100 bit results in a normal printable
|
|
2466
|
+
character. Otherwise, the character is displayed as a hex
|
|
2467
|
+
number in angle brackets. This format can be changed by
|
|
2468
|
+
setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT may
|
|
2469
|
+
begin with a "*" and one character to select the
|
|
2470
|
+
display attribute: "*k" is blinking,
|
|
2471
|
+
"*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined,
|
|
2472
|
+
"*s" is standout, and "*n" is normal. If
|
|
2473
|
+
LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal
|
|
2474
|
+
attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a
|
|
2475
|
+
string which may include one printf-style escape sequence (a
|
|
2476
|
+
% followed by x, X, o, d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT
|
|
2477
|
+
is "*u[%x]", binary characters are displayed in
|
|
2478
|
+
underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The default
|
|
2479
|
+
if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%X>".
|
|
2480
|
+
The default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is
|
|
2481
|
+
"*s<%02X>". Warning: the result of expanding
|
|
2482
|
+
the character via LESSBINFMT must be less than 31
|
|
2483
|
+
characters.</p>
|
|
2484
|
+
|
|
2485
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When the
|
|
2486
|
+
character set is utf-8, the LESSUTFBINFMT environment
|
|
2487
|
+
variable acts similarly to LESSBINFMT but it applies to
|
|
2488
|
+
Unicode code points that were successfully decoded but are
|
|
2489
|
+
unsuitable for display (e.g., unassigned code points). Its
|
|
2490
|
+
default value is "<U+%04lX>". Note that
|
|
2491
|
+
LESSUTFBINFMT and LESSBINFMT share their display attribute
|
|
2492
|
+
setting ("*x") so specifying one will affect both;
|
|
2493
|
+
LESSUTFBINFMT is read after LESSBINFMT so its setting, if
|
|
2494
|
+
any, will have priority. Problematic octets in a UTF-8 file
|
|
2495
|
+
(octets of a truncated sequence, octets of a complete but
|
|
2496
|
+
non-shortest form sequence, illegal octets, and stray
|
|
2497
|
+
trailing octets) are displayed individually using LESSBINFMT
|
|
2498
|
+
so as to facilitate diagnostic of how the UTF-8 file is
|
|
2499
|
+
ill-formed.</p>
|
|
2500
|
+
|
|
2501
|
+
<a name="PROMPTS"></a>
|
|
2502
|
+
<h2>PROMPTS</h2>
|
|
2503
|
+
|
|
2504
|
+
|
|
2505
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The −P
|
|
2506
|
+
option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference.
|
|
2507
|
+
The string given to the −P option replaces the
|
|
2508
|
+
specified prompt string. Certain characters in the string
|
|
2509
|
+
are interpreted specially. The prompt mechanism is rather
|
|
2510
|
+
complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordinary user
|
|
2511
|
+
need not understand the details of constructing personalized
|
|
2512
|
+
prompt strings.</p>
|
|
2513
|
+
|
|
2514
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A percent sign
|
|
2515
|
+
followed by a single character is expanded according to what
|
|
2516
|
+
the following character is:</p>
|
|
2517
|
+
|
|
2518
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2519
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2520
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2521
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2522
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2523
|
+
|
|
2524
|
+
|
|
2525
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%b<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2526
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2527
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2528
|
+
|
|
2529
|
+
|
|
2530
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2531
|
+
byte offset into the current input file. The b is followed
|
|
2532
|
+
by a single character (shown as <i>X</i> above) which
|
|
2533
|
+
specifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the
|
|
2534
|
+
character is a "t", the byte offset of the top
|
|
2535
|
+
line in the display is used, an "m" means use the
|
|
2536
|
+
middle line, a "b" means use the bottom line, a
|
|
2537
|
+
"B" means use the line just after the bottom line,
|
|
2538
|
+
and a "j" means use the "target" line,
|
|
2539
|
+
as specified by the −j option.</p></td>
|
|
2540
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2541
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2542
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2543
|
+
|
|
2544
|
+
|
|
2545
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%B</p></td>
|
|
2546
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2547
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2548
|
+
|
|
2549
|
+
|
|
2550
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2551
|
+
size of the current input file.</p></td>
|
|
2552
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2553
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2554
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2555
|
+
|
|
2556
|
+
|
|
2557
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%c</p></td>
|
|
2558
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2559
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2560
|
+
|
|
2561
|
+
|
|
2562
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2563
|
+
column number of the text appearing in the first column of
|
|
2564
|
+
the screen.</p></td>
|
|
2565
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2566
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2567
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2568
|
+
|
|
2569
|
+
|
|
2570
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%d<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2571
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2572
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2573
|
+
|
|
2574
|
+
|
|
2575
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2576
|
+
page number of a line in the input file. The line to be used
|
|
2577
|
+
is determined by the <i>X</i>, as with the %b option.</p></td>
|
|
2578
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2579
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2580
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2581
|
+
|
|
2582
|
+
|
|
2583
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%D</p></td>
|
|
2584
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2585
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2586
|
+
|
|
2587
|
+
|
|
2588
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2589
|
+
number of pages in the input file, or equivalently, the page
|
|
2590
|
+
number of the last line in the input file.</p></td>
|
|
2591
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2592
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2593
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2594
|
+
|
|
2595
|
+
|
|
2596
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%E</p></td>
|
|
2597
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2598
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2599
|
+
|
|
2600
|
+
|
|
2601
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2602
|
+
name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment variable, or
|
|
2603
|
+
the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined).
|
|
2604
|
+
See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below.</p></td>
|
|
2605
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2606
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2607
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2608
|
+
|
|
2609
|
+
|
|
2610
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%f</p></td>
|
|
2611
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2612
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2613
|
+
|
|
2614
|
+
|
|
2615
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2616
|
+
name of the current input file.</p></td>
|
|
2617
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2618
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2619
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2620
|
+
|
|
2621
|
+
|
|
2622
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%i</p></td>
|
|
2623
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2624
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2625
|
+
|
|
2626
|
+
|
|
2627
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2628
|
+
index of the current file in the list of input files.</p></td>
|
|
2629
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2630
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2631
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2632
|
+
|
|
2633
|
+
|
|
2634
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%l<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2635
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2636
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2637
|
+
|
|
2638
|
+
|
|
2639
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2640
|
+
line number of a line in the input file. The line to be used
|
|
2641
|
+
is determined by the <i>X</i>, as with the %b option.</p></td>
|
|
2642
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2643
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2644
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2645
|
+
|
|
2646
|
+
|
|
2647
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%L</p></td>
|
|
2648
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2649
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2650
|
+
|
|
2651
|
+
|
|
2652
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2653
|
+
line number of the last line in the input file.</p></td>
|
|
2654
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2655
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2656
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2657
|
+
|
|
2658
|
+
|
|
2659
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%m</p></td>
|
|
2660
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2661
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2662
|
+
|
|
2663
|
+
|
|
2664
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2665
|
+
total number of input files.</p></td>
|
|
2666
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2667
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2668
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2669
|
+
|
|
2670
|
+
|
|
2671
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%p<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2672
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2673
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2674
|
+
|
|
2675
|
+
|
|
2676
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2677
|
+
percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets.
|
|
2678
|
+
The line used is determined by the <i>X</i> as with the %b
|
|
2679
|
+
option.</p> </td>
|
|
2680
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2681
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2682
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2683
|
+
|
|
2684
|
+
|
|
2685
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%P<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2686
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2687
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2688
|
+
|
|
2689
|
+
|
|
2690
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2691
|
+
percent into the current input file, based on line numbers.
|
|
2692
|
+
The line used is determined by the <i>X</i> as with the %b
|
|
2693
|
+
option.</p> </td>
|
|
2694
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2695
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2696
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2697
|
+
|
|
2698
|
+
|
|
2699
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%s</p></td>
|
|
2700
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2701
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2702
|
+
|
|
2703
|
+
|
|
2704
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as %B.</p></td>
|
|
2705
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2706
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2707
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2708
|
+
|
|
2709
|
+
|
|
2710
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%t</p></td>
|
|
2711
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2712
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2713
|
+
|
|
2714
|
+
|
|
2715
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Causes any trailing
|
|
2716
|
+
spaces to be removed. Usually used at the end of the string,
|
|
2717
|
+
but may appear anywhere.</p></td>
|
|
2718
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2719
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2720
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2721
|
+
|
|
2722
|
+
|
|
2723
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%x</p></td>
|
|
2724
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2725
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2726
|
+
|
|
2727
|
+
|
|
2728
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
|
|
2729
|
+
name of the next input file in the list.</p></td>
|
|
2730
|
+
</table>
|
|
2731
|
+
|
|
2732
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If any item is
|
|
2733
|
+
unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe), a
|
|
2734
|
+
question mark is printed instead.</p>
|
|
2735
|
+
|
|
2736
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The format of
|
|
2737
|
+
the prompt string can be changed depending on certain
|
|
2738
|
+
conditions. A question mark followed by a single character
|
|
2739
|
+
acts like an "IF": depending on the following
|
|
2740
|
+
character, a condition is evaluated. If the condition is
|
|
2741
|
+
true, any characters following the question mark and
|
|
2742
|
+
condition character, up to a period, are included in the
|
|
2743
|
+
prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not
|
|
2744
|
+
included. A colon appearing between the question mark and
|
|
2745
|
+
the period can be used to establish an "ELSE": any
|
|
2746
|
+
characters between the colon and the period are included in
|
|
2747
|
+
the string if and only if the IF condition is false.
|
|
2748
|
+
Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may
|
|
2749
|
+
be:</p>
|
|
2750
|
+
|
|
2751
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2752
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2753
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2754
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2755
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2756
|
+
|
|
2757
|
+
|
|
2758
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?a</p></td>
|
|
2759
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2760
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2761
|
+
|
|
2762
|
+
|
|
2763
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if any
|
|
2764
|
+
characters have been included in the prompt so far.</p></td>
|
|
2765
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2766
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2767
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2768
|
+
|
|
2769
|
+
|
|
2770
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?b<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2771
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2772
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2773
|
+
|
|
2774
|
+
|
|
2775
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the byte
|
|
2776
|
+
offset of the specified line is known.</p></td>
|
|
2777
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2778
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2779
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2780
|
+
|
|
2781
|
+
|
|
2782
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?B</p></td>
|
|
2783
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2784
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2785
|
+
|
|
2786
|
+
|
|
2787
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the size of
|
|
2788
|
+
current input file is known.</p></td>
|
|
2789
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2790
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2791
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2792
|
+
|
|
2793
|
+
|
|
2794
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?c</p></td>
|
|
2795
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2796
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2797
|
+
|
|
2798
|
+
|
|
2799
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the text is
|
|
2800
|
+
horizontally shifted (%c is not zero).</p></td>
|
|
2801
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2802
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2803
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2804
|
+
|
|
2805
|
+
|
|
2806
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?d<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2807
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2808
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2809
|
+
|
|
2810
|
+
|
|
2811
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the page
|
|
2812
|
+
number of the specified line is known.</p></td>
|
|
2813
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2814
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2815
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2816
|
+
|
|
2817
|
+
|
|
2818
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?e</p></td>
|
|
2819
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2820
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2821
|
+
|
|
2822
|
+
|
|
2823
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if at
|
|
2824
|
+
end-of-file.</p> </td>
|
|
2825
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2826
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2827
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2828
|
+
|
|
2829
|
+
|
|
2830
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?f</p></td>
|
|
2831
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2832
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2833
|
+
|
|
2834
|
+
|
|
2835
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is an
|
|
2836
|
+
input filename (that is, if input is not a pipe).</p></td>
|
|
2837
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2838
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2839
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2840
|
+
|
|
2841
|
+
|
|
2842
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?l<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2843
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2844
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2845
|
+
|
|
2846
|
+
|
|
2847
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the line
|
|
2848
|
+
number of the specified line is known.</p></td>
|
|
2849
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2850
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2851
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2852
|
+
|
|
2853
|
+
|
|
2854
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?L</p></td>
|
|
2855
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2856
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2857
|
+
|
|
2858
|
+
|
|
2859
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the line
|
|
2860
|
+
number of the last line in the file is known.</p></td>
|
|
2861
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2862
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2863
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2864
|
+
|
|
2865
|
+
|
|
2866
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?m</p></td>
|
|
2867
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2868
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2869
|
+
|
|
2870
|
+
|
|
2871
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is
|
|
2872
|
+
more than one input file.</p></td>
|
|
2873
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2874
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2875
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2876
|
+
|
|
2877
|
+
|
|
2878
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?n</p></td>
|
|
2879
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2880
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2881
|
+
|
|
2882
|
+
|
|
2883
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if this is the
|
|
2884
|
+
first prompt in a new input file.</p></td>
|
|
2885
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2886
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2887
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2888
|
+
|
|
2889
|
+
|
|
2890
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?p<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2891
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2892
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2893
|
+
|
|
2894
|
+
|
|
2895
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the percent
|
|
2896
|
+
into the current input file, based on byte offsets, of the
|
|
2897
|
+
specified line is known.</p></td>
|
|
2898
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2899
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2900
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2901
|
+
|
|
2902
|
+
|
|
2903
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?P<i>X</i></p></td>
|
|
2904
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2905
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2906
|
+
|
|
2907
|
+
|
|
2908
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the percent
|
|
2909
|
+
into the current input file, based on line numbers, of the
|
|
2910
|
+
specified line is known.</p></td>
|
|
2911
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2912
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2913
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2914
|
+
|
|
2915
|
+
|
|
2916
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?s</p></td>
|
|
2917
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2918
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2919
|
+
|
|
2920
|
+
|
|
2921
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
|
|
2922
|
+
"?B".</p> </td>
|
|
2923
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2924
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
2925
|
+
<td width="4%">
|
|
2926
|
+
|
|
2927
|
+
|
|
2928
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?x</p></td>
|
|
2929
|
+
<td width="7%"></td>
|
|
2930
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
2931
|
+
|
|
2932
|
+
|
|
2933
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is a
|
|
2934
|
+
next input file (that is, if the current input file is not
|
|
2935
|
+
the last one).</p></td>
|
|
2936
|
+
</table>
|
|
2937
|
+
|
|
2938
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Any characters
|
|
2939
|
+
other than the special ones (question mark, colon, period,
|
|
2940
|
+
percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt.
|
|
2941
|
+
Any of the special characters may be included in the prompt
|
|
2942
|
+
literally by preceding it with a backslash.</p>
|
|
2943
|
+
|
|
2944
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Some
|
|
2945
|
+
examples:</p>
|
|
2946
|
+
|
|
2947
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f:Standard
|
|
2948
|
+
input.</p>
|
|
2949
|
+
|
|
2950
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prompt
|
|
2951
|
+
prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string
|
|
2952
|
+
"Standard input".</p>
|
|
2953
|
+
|
|
2954
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f .?ltLine
|
|
2955
|
+
%lt:?pt%pt\%:?btByte %bt:-...</p>
|
|
2956
|
+
|
|
2957
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prompt
|
|
2958
|
+
would print the filename, if known. The filename is followed
|
|
2959
|
+
by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if
|
|
2960
|
+
known, otherwise the byte offset if known. Otherwise, a dash
|
|
2961
|
+
is printed. Notice how each question mark has a matching
|
|
2962
|
+
period, and how the % after the %pt is included literally by
|
|
2963
|
+
escaping it with a backslash.</p>
|
|
2964
|
+
|
|
2965
|
+
|
|
2966
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?n?f%f .?m(file %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x..%t</p>
|
|
2967
|
+
|
|
2968
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prints the
|
|
2969
|
+
filename if this is the first prompt in a file, followed by
|
|
2970
|
+
the "file N of N" message if there is more than
|
|
2971
|
+
one input file. Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string
|
|
2972
|
+
"(END)" is printed followed by the name of the
|
|
2973
|
+
next file, if there is one. Finally, any trailing spaces are
|
|
2974
|
+
truncated. This is the default prompt. For reference, here
|
|
2975
|
+
are the defaults for the other two prompts (−m and
|
|
2976
|
+
−M respectively). Each is broken into two lines here
|
|
2977
|
+
for readability only.</p>
|
|
2978
|
+
|
|
2979
|
+
|
|
2980
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?n?f%f .?m(file %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.:</p>
|
|
2981
|
+
|
|
2982
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2983
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2984
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2985
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2986
|
+
<td width="82%">
|
|
2987
|
+
|
|
2988
|
+
|
|
2989
|
+
<p valign="top">?pB%pB\%:byte %bB?s/%s...%t</p></td>
|
|
2990
|
+
</table>
|
|
2991
|
+
|
|
2992
|
+
|
|
2993
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f .?n?m(file %i of %m) ..?ltlines %lt-%lb?L/%L. :</p>
|
|
2994
|
+
|
|
2995
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
2996
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
2997
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
2998
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
2999
|
+
<td width="82%">
|
|
3000
|
+
|
|
3001
|
+
|
|
3002
|
+
|
|
3003
|
+
<p valign="top">byte %bB?s/%s. .?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.:?pB%pB\%..%t</p> </td>
|
|
3004
|
+
</table>
|
|
3005
|
+
|
|
3006
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">And here is the
|
|
3007
|
+
default message produced by the = command:</p>
|
|
3008
|
+
|
|
3009
|
+
|
|
3010
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f .?m(file %i of %m) .?ltlines %lt-%lb?L/%L. .</p>
|
|
3011
|
+
|
|
3012
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3013
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3014
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3015
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
3016
|
+
<td width="82%">
|
|
3017
|
+
|
|
3018
|
+
|
|
3019
|
+
|
|
3020
|
+
<p valign="top">byte %bB?s/%s. ?e(END) :?pB%pB\%..%t</p> </td>
|
|
3021
|
+
</table>
|
|
3022
|
+
|
|
3023
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The prompt
|
|
3024
|
+
expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an
|
|
3025
|
+
environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the
|
|
3026
|
+
command to be executed when the v command is invoked. The
|
|
3027
|
+
LESSEDIT string is expanded in the same way as the prompt
|
|
3028
|
+
strings. The default value for LESSEDIT is:</p>
|
|
3029
|
+
|
|
3030
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3031
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3032
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3033
|
+
<td width="18%"></td>
|
|
3034
|
+
<td width="82%">
|
|
3035
|
+
|
|
3036
|
+
|
|
3037
|
+
<p valign="top">%E ?lm+%lm. %f</p></td>
|
|
3038
|
+
</table>
|
|
3039
|
+
|
|
3040
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Note that this
|
|
3041
|
+
expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the line
|
|
3042
|
+
number, followed by the file name. If your editor does not
|
|
3043
|
+
accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other
|
|
3044
|
+
differences in invocation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can
|
|
3045
|
+
be changed to modify this default.</p>
|
|
3046
|
+
|
|
3047
|
+
<a name="SECURITY"></a>
|
|
3048
|
+
<h2>SECURITY</h2>
|
|
3049
|
+
|
|
3050
|
+
|
|
3051
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When the
|
|
3052
|
+
environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, <i>less</i>
|
|
3053
|
+
runs in a "secure" mode. This means these features
|
|
3054
|
+
are disabled:</p>
|
|
3055
|
+
|
|
3056
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3057
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3058
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3059
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3060
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3061
|
+
|
|
3062
|
+
|
|
3063
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">!</p></td>
|
|
3064
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3065
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3066
|
+
|
|
3067
|
+
|
|
3068
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the shell
|
|
3069
|
+
command</p> </td>
|
|
3070
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3071
|
+
</td>
|
|
3072
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3073
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3074
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3075
|
+
|
|
3076
|
+
|
|
3077
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">|</p></td>
|
|
3078
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3079
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3080
|
+
|
|
3081
|
+
|
|
3082
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the pipe
|
|
3083
|
+
command</p> </td>
|
|
3084
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3085
|
+
</td>
|
|
3086
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3087
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3088
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3089
|
+
|
|
3090
|
+
|
|
3091
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:e</p></td>
|
|
3092
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3093
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3094
|
+
|
|
3095
|
+
|
|
3096
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the examine
|
|
3097
|
+
command.</p> </td>
|
|
3098
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3099
|
+
</td>
|
|
3100
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3101
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3102
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3103
|
+
|
|
3104
|
+
|
|
3105
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">v</p></td>
|
|
3106
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3107
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3108
|
+
|
|
3109
|
+
|
|
3110
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the editing
|
|
3111
|
+
command</p> </td>
|
|
3112
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3113
|
+
</td>
|
|
3114
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3115
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3116
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3117
|
+
|
|
3118
|
+
|
|
3119
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">s −o</p></td>
|
|
3120
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3121
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3122
|
+
|
|
3123
|
+
|
|
3124
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">log files</p></td>
|
|
3125
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3126
|
+
</td>
|
|
3127
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3128
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3129
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3130
|
+
|
|
3131
|
+
|
|
3132
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−k</p></td>
|
|
3133
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3134
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3135
|
+
|
|
3136
|
+
|
|
3137
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">use of lesskey
|
|
3138
|
+
files</p> </td>
|
|
3139
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3140
|
+
</td>
|
|
3141
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3142
|
+
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
3143
|
+
<td width="7%">
|
|
3144
|
+
|
|
3145
|
+
|
|
3146
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">−t</p></td>
|
|
3147
|
+
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
3148
|
+
<td width="31%">
|
|
3149
|
+
|
|
3150
|
+
|
|
3151
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">use of tags
|
|
3152
|
+
files</p> </td>
|
|
3153
|
+
<td width="37%">
|
|
3154
|
+
</td>
|
|
3155
|
+
</table>
|
|
3156
|
+
|
|
3157
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">metacharacters
|
|
3158
|
+
in filenames, such as *</p>
|
|
3159
|
+
|
|
3160
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3161
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3162
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3163
|
+
<td width="32%"></td>
|
|
3164
|
+
<td width="45%"></td>
|
|
3165
|
+
<td width="23%">
|
|
3166
|
+
</td>
|
|
3167
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3168
|
+
<td width="32%"></td>
|
|
3169
|
+
<td width="45%">
|
|
3170
|
+
|
|
3171
|
+
|
|
3172
|
+
<p valign="top">filename completion (TAB, ^L)</p></td>
|
|
3173
|
+
<td width="23%">
|
|
3174
|
+
</td>
|
|
3175
|
+
</table>
|
|
3176
|
+
|
|
3177
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Less can also
|
|
3178
|
+
be compiled to be permanently in "secure"
|
|
3179
|
+
mode.</p>
|
|
3180
|
+
|
|
3181
|
+
<a name="COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE"></a>
|
|
3182
|
+
<h2>COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE</h2>
|
|
3183
|
+
|
|
3184
|
+
|
|
3185
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the
|
|
3186
|
+
environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is set to 1, or if the
|
|
3187
|
+
program is invoked via a file link named "more",
|
|
3188
|
+
<i>less</i> behaves (mostly) in conformance with the POSIX
|
|
3189
|
+
"more" command specification. In this mode, less
|
|
3190
|
+
behaves differently in these ways:</p>
|
|
3191
|
+
|
|
3192
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The −e
|
|
3193
|
+
option works differently. If the −e option is not set,
|
|
3194
|
+
<i>less</i> behaves as if the −E option were set. If
|
|
3195
|
+
the −e option is set, <i>less</i> behaves as if the
|
|
3196
|
+
−e and −F options were set.</p>
|
|
3197
|
+
|
|
3198
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The −m
|
|
3199
|
+
option works differently. If the −m option is not set,
|
|
3200
|
+
the medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the
|
|
3201
|
+
string "--More--". If the −m option is set,
|
|
3202
|
+
the short prompt is used.</p>
|
|
3203
|
+
|
|
3204
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The −n
|
|
3205
|
+
option acts like the −z option. The normal behavior of
|
|
3206
|
+
the −n option is unavailable in this mode.</p>
|
|
3207
|
+
|
|
3208
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The parameter
|
|
3209
|
+
to the −p option is taken to be a <i>less</i> command
|
|
3210
|
+
rather than a search pattern.</p>
|
|
3211
|
+
|
|
3212
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The LESS
|
|
3213
|
+
environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment
|
|
3214
|
+
variable is used in its place.</p>
|
|
3215
|
+
|
|
3216
|
+
<a name="ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"></a>
|
|
3217
|
+
<h2>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h2>
|
|
3218
|
+
|
|
3219
|
+
|
|
3220
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Environment
|
|
3221
|
+
variables may be specified either in the system environment
|
|
3222
|
+
as usual, or in a <i>lesskey</i> (1) file. If environment
|
|
3223
|
+
variables are defined in more than one place, variables
|
|
3224
|
+
defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over
|
|
3225
|
+
variables defined in the system environment, which take
|
|
3226
|
+
precedence over variables defined in the system-wide lesskey
|
|
3227
|
+
file. <br>
|
|
3228
|
+
COLUMNS</p>
|
|
3229
|
+
|
|
3230
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Sets the number of columns on
|
|
3231
|
+
the screen. Takes precedence over the number of columns
|
|
3232
|
+
specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing
|
|
3233
|
+
system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the window
|
|
3234
|
+
system’s idea of the screen size takes precedence over
|
|
3235
|
+
the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.)</p>
|
|
3236
|
+
|
|
3237
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3238
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3239
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3240
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3241
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3242
|
+
|
|
3243
|
+
|
|
3244
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">EDITOR</p></td>
|
|
3245
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3246
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3247
|
+
|
|
3248
|
+
|
|
3249
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The name of the
|
|
3250
|
+
editor (used for the v command).</p></td>
|
|
3251
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3252
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3253
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3254
|
+
|
|
3255
|
+
|
|
3256
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">HOME</p></td>
|
|
3257
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3258
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3259
|
+
|
|
3260
|
+
|
|
3261
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Name of the
|
|
3262
|
+
user’s home directory (used to find a lesskey file on
|
|
3263
|
+
Unix and OS/2 systems).</p></td>
|
|
3264
|
+
</table>
|
|
3265
|
+
|
|
3266
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH</p>
|
|
3267
|
+
|
|
3268
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE
|
|
3269
|
+
and HOMEPATH environment variables is the name of the
|
|
3270
|
+
user’s home directory if the HOME variable is not set
|
|
3271
|
+
(only in the Windows version).</p>
|
|
3272
|
+
|
|
3273
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3274
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3275
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3276
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3277
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
3278
|
+
|
|
3279
|
+
|
|
3280
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">INIT</p></td>
|
|
3281
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
3282
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3283
|
+
|
|
3284
|
+
|
|
3285
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Name of the
|
|
3286
|
+
user’s init directory (used to find a lesskey file on
|
|
3287
|
+
OS/2 systems).</p></td>
|
|
3288
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3289
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3290
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
3291
|
+
|
|
3292
|
+
|
|
3293
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LANG</p></td>
|
|
3294
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
3295
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3296
|
+
|
|
3297
|
+
|
|
3298
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Language for
|
|
3299
|
+
determining the character set.</p></td>
|
|
3300
|
+
</table>
|
|
3301
|
+
|
|
3302
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LC_CTYPE</p>
|
|
3303
|
+
|
|
3304
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Language for determining the
|
|
3305
|
+
character set.</p>
|
|
3306
|
+
|
|
3307
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3308
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3309
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3310
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3311
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
3312
|
+
|
|
3313
|
+
|
|
3314
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LESS</p></td>
|
|
3315
|
+
<td width="5%"></td>
|
|
3316
|
+
<td width="72%">
|
|
3317
|
+
|
|
3318
|
+
|
|
3319
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Options which are
|
|
3320
|
+
passed to <i>less</i> automatically.</p></td>
|
|
3321
|
+
<td width="6%">
|
|
3322
|
+
</td>
|
|
3323
|
+
</table>
|
|
3324
|
+
|
|
3325
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSANSIENDCHARS</p>
|
|
3326
|
+
|
|
3327
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Characters which may end an
|
|
3328
|
+
ANSI color escape sequence (default "m").</p>
|
|
3329
|
+
|
|
3330
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSANSIMIDCHARS</p>
|
|
3331
|
+
|
|
3332
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Characters which may appear
|
|
3333
|
+
between the ESC character and the end character in an ANSI
|
|
3334
|
+
color escape sequence (default
|
|
3335
|
+
"0123456789;[?!"’#%()*+ ".</p>
|
|
3336
|
+
|
|
3337
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSBINFMT</p>
|
|
3338
|
+
|
|
3339
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Format for displaying
|
|
3340
|
+
non-printable, non-control characters.</p>
|
|
3341
|
+
|
|
3342
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCHARDEF</p>
|
|
3343
|
+
|
|
3344
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Defines a character set.</p>
|
|
3345
|
+
|
|
3346
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCHARSET</p>
|
|
3347
|
+
|
|
3348
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects a predefined character
|
|
3349
|
+
set.</p>
|
|
3350
|
+
|
|
3351
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCLOSE</p>
|
|
3352
|
+
|
|
3353
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Command line to invoke the
|
|
3354
|
+
(optional) input-postprocessor.</p>
|
|
3355
|
+
|
|
3356
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSECHO</p>
|
|
3357
|
+
|
|
3358
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the lessecho program
|
|
3359
|
+
(default "lessecho"). The lessecho program is
|
|
3360
|
+
needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in
|
|
3361
|
+
filenames on Unix systems.</p>
|
|
3362
|
+
|
|
3363
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSEDIT</p>
|
|
3364
|
+
|
|
3365
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Editor prototype string (used
|
|
3366
|
+
for the v command). See discussion under PROMPTS.</p>
|
|
3367
|
+
|
|
3368
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSGLOBALTAGS</p>
|
|
3369
|
+
|
|
3370
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the command used by the
|
|
3371
|
+
−t option to find global tags. Normally should be set
|
|
3372
|
+
to "global" if your system has the <i>global</i>
|
|
3373
|
+
(1) command. If not set, global tags are not used.</p>
|
|
3374
|
+
|
|
3375
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSHISTFILE</p>
|
|
3376
|
+
|
|
3377
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the history file used
|
|
3378
|
+
to remember search commands and shell commands between
|
|
3379
|
+
invocations of <i>less.</i> If set to "−" or
|
|
3380
|
+
"/dev/null", a history file is not used. The
|
|
3381
|
+
default is "$HOME/.lesshst" on Unix systems,
|
|
3382
|
+
"$HOME/_lesshst" on DOS and Windows systems, or
|
|
3383
|
+
"$HOME/lesshst.ini" or
|
|
3384
|
+
"$INIT/lesshst.ini" on OS/2 systems.</p>
|
|
3385
|
+
|
|
3386
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSHISTSIZE</p>
|
|
3387
|
+
|
|
3388
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The maximum number of commands
|
|
3389
|
+
to save in the history file. The default is 100.</p>
|
|
3390
|
+
|
|
3391
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSKEY</p>
|
|
3392
|
+
|
|
3393
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the default lesskey(1)
|
|
3394
|
+
file.</p>
|
|
3395
|
+
|
|
3396
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSKEY_SYSTEM</p>
|
|
3397
|
+
|
|
3398
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the default system-wide
|
|
3399
|
+
lesskey(1) file.</p>
|
|
3400
|
+
|
|
3401
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSMETACHARS</p>
|
|
3402
|
+
|
|
3403
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">List of characters which are
|
|
3404
|
+
considered "metacharacters" by the shell.</p>
|
|
3405
|
+
|
|
3406
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSMETAESCAPE</p>
|
|
3407
|
+
|
|
3408
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Prefix which less will add
|
|
3409
|
+
before each metacharacter in a command sent to the shell. If
|
|
3410
|
+
LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, commands containing
|
|
3411
|
+
metacharacters will not be passed to the shell.</p>
|
|
3412
|
+
|
|
3413
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSOPEN</p>
|
|
3414
|
+
|
|
3415
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Command line to invoke the
|
|
3416
|
+
(optional) input-preprocessor.</p>
|
|
3417
|
+
|
|
3418
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSSECURE</p>
|
|
3419
|
+
|
|
3420
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Runs less in "secure"
|
|
3421
|
+
mode. See discussion under SECURITY.</p>
|
|
3422
|
+
|
|
3423
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSSEPARATOR</p>
|
|
3424
|
+
|
|
3425
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">String to be appended to a
|
|
3426
|
+
directory name in filename completion.</p>
|
|
3427
|
+
|
|
3428
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSUTFBINFMT</p>
|
|
3429
|
+
|
|
3430
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Format for displaying
|
|
3431
|
+
non-printable Unicode code points.</p>
|
|
3432
|
+
|
|
3433
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">LESS_IS_MORE</p>
|
|
3434
|
+
|
|
3435
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Emulate the <i>more</i> (1)
|
|
3436
|
+
command.</p>
|
|
3437
|
+
|
|
3438
|
+
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
3439
|
+
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
3440
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3441
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3442
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3443
|
+
|
|
3444
|
+
|
|
3445
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LINES</p></td>
|
|
3446
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3447
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3448
|
+
|
|
3449
|
+
|
|
3450
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Sets the number of
|
|
3451
|
+
lines on the screen. Takes precedence over the number of
|
|
3452
|
+
lines specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a
|
|
3453
|
+
windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the
|
|
3454
|
+
window system’s idea of the screen size takes
|
|
3455
|
+
precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment
|
|
3456
|
+
variables.)</p> </td>
|
|
3457
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3458
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3459
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3460
|
+
|
|
3461
|
+
|
|
3462
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">PATH</p></td>
|
|
3463
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3464
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3465
|
+
|
|
3466
|
+
|
|
3467
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">User’s search
|
|
3468
|
+
path (used to find a lesskey file on MS-DOS and OS/2
|
|
3469
|
+
systems).</p> </td>
|
|
3470
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3471
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3472
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3473
|
+
|
|
3474
|
+
|
|
3475
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">SHELL</p></td>
|
|
3476
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3477
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3478
|
+
|
|
3479
|
+
|
|
3480
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The shell used to
|
|
3481
|
+
execute the ! command, as well as to expand filenames.</p></td>
|
|
3482
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3483
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3484
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3485
|
+
|
|
3486
|
+
|
|
3487
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">TERM</p></td>
|
|
3488
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3489
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3490
|
+
|
|
3491
|
+
|
|
3492
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The type of
|
|
3493
|
+
terminal on which <i>less</i> is being run.</p></td>
|
|
3494
|
+
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
3495
|
+
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
3496
|
+
<td width="9%">
|
|
3497
|
+
|
|
3498
|
+
|
|
3499
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">VISUAL</p></td>
|
|
3500
|
+
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
3501
|
+
<td width="78%">
|
|
3502
|
+
|
|
3503
|
+
|
|
3504
|
+
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The name of the
|
|
3505
|
+
editor (used for the v command).</p></td>
|
|
3506
|
+
</table>
|
|
3507
|
+
|
|
3508
|
+
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
|
|
3509
|
+
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
3510
|
+
|
|
3511
|
+
|
|
3512
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lesskey(1)</p>
|
|
3513
|
+
|
|
3514
|
+
<a name="COPYRIGHT"></a>
|
|
3515
|
+
<h2>COPYRIGHT</h2>
|
|
3516
|
+
|
|
3517
|
+
|
|
3518
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Copyright (C)
|
|
3519
|
+
1984-2007 Mark Nudelman</p>
|
|
3520
|
+
|
|
3521
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less is part of
|
|
3522
|
+
the GNU project and is free software. You can redistribute
|
|
3523
|
+
it and/or modify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU
|
|
3524
|
+
General Public License as published by the Free Software
|
|
3525
|
+
Foundation; or (2) the Less License. See the file README in
|
|
3526
|
+
the less distribution for more details regarding
|
|
3527
|
+
redistribution. You should have received a copy of the GNU
|
|
3528
|
+
General Public License along with the source for less; see
|
|
3529
|
+
the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
|
|
3530
|
+
Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
|
|
3531
|
+
02111-1307, USA. You should also have received a copy of the
|
|
3532
|
+
Less License; see the file LICENSE.</p>
|
|
3533
|
+
|
|
3534
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less is
|
|
3535
|
+
distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
|
|
3536
|
+
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
3537
|
+
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
3538
|
+
GNU General Public License for more details.</p>
|
|
3539
|
+
|
|
3540
|
+
<a name="AUTHOR"></a>
|
|
3541
|
+
<h2>AUTHOR</h2>
|
|
3542
|
+
|
|
3543
|
+
|
|
3544
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Mark Nudelman
|
|
3545
|
+
<markn@greenwoodsoftware.com> <br>
|
|
3546
|
+
See http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/bugs.html for the
|
|
3547
|
+
latest list of known bugs in less. <br>
|
|
3548
|
+
Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to <br>
|
|
3549
|
+
bug-less@gnu.org. <br>
|
|
3550
|
+
For more information, see the less homepage at <br>
|
|
3551
|
+
http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less.</p>
|
|
3552
|
+
<hr>
|
|
3553
|
+
</body>
|
|
3554
|
+
</html>
|