manbook 0.0.1

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+ <!-- Creator : groff version 1.19.2 -->
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+ <!-- CreationDate: Tue Nov 29 21:01:37 2011 -->
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+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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+ <html>
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+ <head>
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+ <meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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+ <meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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+ <style type="text/css">
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+ p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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+ pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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+ table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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+ </style>
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+ <title>LESS</title>
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+
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+ </head>
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+ <body>
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+
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+ <h1 align=center>LESS</h1>
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+
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+ <a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
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+ <a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
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+ <a href="#COMMANDS">COMMANDS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#LINE EDITING">LINE EDITING</a><br>
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+ <a href="#KEY BINDINGS">KEY BINDINGS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#INPUT PREPROCESSOR">INPUT PREPROCESSOR</a><br>
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+ <a href="#NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS">NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#PROMPTS">PROMPTS</a><br>
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+ <a href="#SECURITY">SECURITY</a><br>
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+ <a href="#COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE">COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE</a><br>
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+ <a href="#ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</a><br>
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+ <a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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+ <a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a><br>
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+ <a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a><br>
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+
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+ <hr>
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+
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+
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+ <a name="NAME"></a>
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+ <h2>NAME</h2>
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less &minus;
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+ opposite of more</p>
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+
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+ <a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
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+ <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>less
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+ &minus;? <br>
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+ less &minus;&minus;help <br>
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+ less &minus;V <br>
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+ less &minus;&minus;version <br>
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+ less [&minus;[+]aBcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] <br>
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+ [&minus;b</b> <i>space</i><b>] [&minus;h</b>
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+ <i>lines</i><b>] [&minus;j</b> <i>line</i><b>] [&minus;k</b>
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+ <i>keyfile</i><b>] <br>
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+ [&minus;{oO}</b> <i>logfile</i><b>] [&minus;p</b>
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+ <i>pattern</i><b>] [&minus;P</b> <i>prompt</i><b>]
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+ [&minus;t</b> <i>tag</i><b>] <br>
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+ [&minus;T</b> <i>tagsfile</i><b>] [&minus;x</b>
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+ <i>tab</i><b>,...] [&minus;y</b> <i>lines</i><b>]
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+ [&minus;[z]</b> <i>lines</i><b>] <br>
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+ [&minus;#</b> <i>shift</i><b>] [+[+]</b><i>cmd</i><b>]
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+ [&minus;&minus;] [</b><i>filename</i><b>]...</b> <br>
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+ (See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with
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+ long option names.)</p>
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+
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+ <a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
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+ <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Less</i> is
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+ a program similar to <i>more</i> (1), but which allows
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+ backward movement in the file as well as forward movement.
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+ Also, <i>less</i> does not have to read the entire input
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+ file before starting, so with large input files it starts up
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+ faster than text editors like <i>vi</i> (1). <i>Less</i>
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+ uses termcap (or terminfo on some systems), so it can run on
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+ a variety of terminals. There is even limited support for
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+ hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which
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+ should be printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with
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+ a caret.)</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Commands are
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+ based on both <i>more</i> and <i>vi.</i> Commands may be
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+ preceded by a decimal number, called N in the descriptions
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+ below. The number is used by some commands, as
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+ indicated.</p>
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+
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+ <a name="COMMANDS"></a>
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+ <h2>COMMANDS</h2>
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In the
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+ following descriptions, ^X means control-X. ESC stands for
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+ the ESCAPE key; for example ESC-v means the two character
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+ sequence &quot;ESCAPE&quot;, then &quot;v&quot;.</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">h or H</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Help: display a
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+ summary of these commands. If you forget all the other
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+ commands, remember this one.</p></td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">SPACE or ^V or f or ^F</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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+ one window (see option &minus;z below). If N is more than
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+ the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
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+ Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization
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+ character.</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="1%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">z</p></td>
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+ <td width="10%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like SPACE, but if
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+ N is specified, it becomes the new window size.</p></td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-SPACE</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Like SPACE, but scrolls a full
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+ screenful, even if it reaches end-of-file in the
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+ process.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">RETURN or ^N or e or ^E or j or
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+ ^J</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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+ 1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than
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+ the screen size.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">d or ^D</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll forward N lines, default
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+ one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it becomes
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+ the new default for subsequent d and u commands.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">b or ^B or ESC-v</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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+ default one window (see option &minus;z below). If N is more
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+ than the screen size, only the final screenful is
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+ displayed.</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="1%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">w</p></td>
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+ <td width="10%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like ESC-v, but if
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+ N is specified, it becomes the new window size.</p></td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">y or ^Y or ^P or k or ^K</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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+ default 1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is
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+ more than the screen size. Warning: some systems use ^Y as a
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+ special job control character.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">u or ^U</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll backward N lines,
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+ default one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it
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+ becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-) or RIGHTARROW</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll horizontally right N
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+ characters, default half the screen width (see the &minus;#
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+ option). If a number N is specified, it becomes the default
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+ for future RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands. While the text
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+ is scrolled, it acts as though the &minus;S option (chop
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+ lines) were in effect.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-( or LEFTARROW</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Scroll horizontally left N
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+ characters, default half the screen width (see the &minus;#
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+ option). If a number N is specified, it becomes the default
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+ for future RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">r or ^R or ^L</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Repaint the screen.</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="1%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">R</p></td>
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+ <td width="10%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repaint the screen,
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+ discarding any buffered input. Useful if the file is
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+ changing while it is being viewed.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="1%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">F</p></td>
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+ <td width="10%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Scroll forward, and
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+ keep trying to read when the end of file is reached.
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+ Normally this command would be used when already at the end
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+ of the file. It is a way to monitor the tail of a file which
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+ is growing while it is being viewed. (The behavior is
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+ similar to the &quot;tail &minus;f&quot; command.)</p></td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">g or &lt; or ESC-&lt;</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Go to line N in the file,
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+ default 1 (beginning of file). (Warning: this may be slow if
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+ N is large.)</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">G or &gt; or ESC-&gt;</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Go to line N in the file,
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+ default the end of the file. (Warning: this may be slow if N
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+ is large, or if N is not specified and standard input,
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+ rather than a file, is being read.)</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">p or %</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to a position N
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+ percent into the file. N should be between 0 and 100, and
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+ may contain a decimal point.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">P</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the line
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+ containing byte offset N in the file.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">{</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a left curly
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+ bracket appears in the top line displayed on the screen, the
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+ { command will go to the matching right curly bracket. The
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+ matching right curly bracket is positioned on the bottom
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+ line of the screen. If there is more than one left curly
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+ bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify
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+ the N-th bracket on the line.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">}</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a right curly
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+ bracket appears in the bottom line displayed on the screen,
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+ the } command will go to the matching left curly bracket.
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+ The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the top
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+ line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly
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+ bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify
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+ the N-th bracket on the line.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like {, but applies
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+ to parentheses rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">)</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like }, but applies
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+ to parentheses rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">[</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like {, but applies
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+ to square brackets rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">]</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like }, but applies
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+ to square brackets rather than curly brackets.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-^F</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by two
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+ characters, acts like {, but uses the two characters as open
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+ and close brackets, respectively. For example, &quot;ESC ^F
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+ &lt; &gt;&quot; could be used to go forward to the &gt;
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+ which matches the &lt; in the top displayed line.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-^B</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by two
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+ characters, acts like }, but uses the two characters as open
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+ and close brackets, respectively. For example, &quot;ESC ^B
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+ &lt; &gt;&quot; could be used to go backward to the &lt;
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+ which matches the &gt; in the bottom displayed line.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">m</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by any
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+ lowercase letter, marks the current position with that
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+ letter.</p> </td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&rsquo;</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Single quote.)
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+ Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position
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+ which was previously marked with that letter. Followed by
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+ another single quote, returns to the position at which the
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+ last &quot;large&quot; movement command was executed.
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+ Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the
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+ file respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is
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+ examined, so the &rsquo; command can be used to switch
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+ between input files.</p></td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="11%"></td>
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+ <td width="9%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^X^X</p></td>
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+ <td width="2%"></td>
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+ <td width="78%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as single
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+ quote.</p> </td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">/pattern</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Search forward in the file for
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+ the N-th line containing the pattern. N defaults to 1. The
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+ pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by the
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+ regular expression library supplied by your system. The
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+ search starts at the second line displayed (but see the
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+ &minus;a and &minus;j options, which change this).</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Certain
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+ characters are special if entered at the beginning of the
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+ pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become
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+ part of the pattern: <br>
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+ ^N or !</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Search for lines which do NOT
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+ match the pattern.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">^E or *</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Search multiple files. That is,
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+ if the search reaches the END of the current file without
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+ finding a match, the search continues in the next file in
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+ the command line list.</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">^F or @</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Begin the search at the first
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+ line of the FIRST file in the command line list, regardless
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+ of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings
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+ of the &minus;a or &minus;j options.</p>
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+
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+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
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+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="22%"></td>
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+ <td width="3%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^K</p></td>
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+ <td width="7%"></td>
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+ <td width="68%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Highlight any text
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+ which matches the pattern on the current screen, but
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+ don&rsquo;t move to the first match (KEEP current
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+ position).</p> </td>
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+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
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+ <td width="22%"></td>
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+ <td width="3%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^R</p></td>
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+ <td width="7%"></td>
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+ <td width="68%">
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+
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+
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+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Don&rsquo;t
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+ interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a
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+ simple textual comparison.</p></td>
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+ </table>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">?pattern</p>
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+
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+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Search backward in the file for
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+ the N-th line containing the pattern. The search starts at
518
+ the line immediately before the top line displayed.</p>
519
+
520
+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Certain
521
+ characters are special as in the / command: <br>
522
+ ^N or !</p>
523
+
524
+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Search for lines which do NOT
525
+ match the pattern.</p>
526
+
527
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">^E or *</p>
528
+
529
+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Search multiple files. That is,
530
+ if the search reaches the beginning of the current file
531
+ without finding a match, the search continues in the
532
+ previous file in the command line list.</p>
533
+
534
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">^F or @</p>
535
+
536
+ <p style="margin-left:32%;">Begin the search at the last
537
+ line of the last file in the command line list, regardless
538
+ of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings
539
+ of the &minus;a or &minus;j options.</p>
540
+
541
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
542
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
543
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
544
+ <td width="22%"></td>
545
+ <td width="3%">
546
+
547
+
548
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^K</p></td>
549
+ <td width="7%"></td>
550
+ <td width="36%">
551
+
552
+
553
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">As in forward
554
+ searches.</p> </td>
555
+ <td width="32%">
556
+ </td>
557
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
558
+ <td width="22%"></td>
559
+ <td width="3%">
560
+
561
+
562
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^R</p></td>
563
+ <td width="7%"></td>
564
+ <td width="36%">
565
+
566
+
567
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">As in forward
568
+ searches.</p> </td>
569
+ <td width="32%">
570
+ </td>
571
+ </table>
572
+
573
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-/pattern</p>
574
+
575
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as &quot;/*&quot;.</p>
576
+
577
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">ESC-?pattern</p>
578
+
579
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as &quot;?*&quot;.</p>
580
+
581
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
582
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
583
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
584
+ <td width="11%"></td>
585
+ <td width="7%">
586
+
587
+
588
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">n</p></td>
589
+ <td width="4%"></td>
590
+ <td width="78%">
591
+
592
+
593
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
594
+ search, for N-th line containing the last pattern. If the
595
+ previous search was modified by ^N, the search is made for
596
+ the N-th line NOT containing the pattern. If the previous
597
+ search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the next
598
+ (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file. If
599
+ the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done
600
+ without using regular expressions. There is no effect if the
601
+ previous search was modified by ^F or ^K.</p></td>
602
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
603
+ <td width="11%"></td>
604
+ <td width="7%">
605
+
606
+
607
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">N</p></td>
608
+ <td width="4%"></td>
609
+ <td width="78%">
610
+
611
+
612
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
613
+ search, but in the reverse direction.</p></td>
614
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
615
+ <td width="11%"></td>
616
+ <td width="7%">
617
+
618
+
619
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-n</p></td>
620
+ <td width="4%"></td>
621
+ <td width="78%">
622
+
623
+
624
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
625
+ search, but crossing file boundaries. The effect is as if
626
+ the previous search were modified by *.</p></td>
627
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
628
+ <td width="11%"></td>
629
+ <td width="7%">
630
+
631
+
632
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-N</p></td>
633
+ <td width="4%"></td>
634
+ <td width="78%">
635
+
636
+
637
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Repeat previous
638
+ search, but in the reverse direction and crossing file
639
+ boundaries.</p> </td>
640
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
641
+ <td width="11%"></td>
642
+ <td width="7%">
643
+
644
+
645
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ESC-u</p></td>
646
+ <td width="4%"></td>
647
+ <td width="78%">
648
+
649
+
650
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Undo search
651
+ highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings matching the
652
+ current search pattern. If highlighting is already off
653
+ because of a previous ESC-u command, turn highlighting back
654
+ on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on.
655
+ (Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling the &minus;G
656
+ option; in that case search commands do not turn
657
+ highlighting back on.)</p></td>
658
+ </table>
659
+
660
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">:e [filename]</p>
661
+
662
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Examine a new file. If the
663
+ filename is missing, the &quot;current&quot; file (see the
664
+ :n and :p commands below) from the list of files in the
665
+ command line is re-examined. A percent sign (%) in the
666
+ filename is replaced by the name of the current file. A
667
+ pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously
668
+ examined file. However, two consecutive percent signs are
669
+ simply replaced with a single percent sign. This allows you
670
+ to enter a filename that contains a percent sign in the
671
+ name. Similarly, two consecutive pound signs are replaced
672
+ with a single pound sign. The filename is inserted into the
673
+ command line list of files so that it can be seen by
674
+ subsequent :n and :p commands. If the filename consists of
675
+ several files, they are all inserted into the list of files
676
+ and the first one is examined. If the filename contains one
677
+ or more spaces, the entire filename should be enclosed in
678
+ double quotes (also see the &minus;&quot; option).</p>
679
+
680
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^X^V or E</p>
681
+
682
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as :e. Warning: some
683
+ systems use ^V as a special literalization character. On
684
+ such systems, you may not be able to use ^V.</p>
685
+
686
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
687
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
688
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
689
+ <td width="11%"></td>
690
+ <td width="3%">
691
+
692
+
693
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:n</p></td>
694
+ <td width="8%"></td>
695
+ <td width="78%">
696
+
697
+
698
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the next
699
+ file (from the list of files given in the command line). If
700
+ a number N is specified, the N-th next file is examined.</p></td>
701
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
702
+ <td width="11%"></td>
703
+ <td width="3%">
704
+
705
+
706
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:p</p></td>
707
+ <td width="8%"></td>
708
+ <td width="78%">
709
+
710
+
711
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the
712
+ previous file in the command line list. If a number N is
713
+ specified, the N-th previous file is examined.</p></td>
714
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
715
+ <td width="11%"></td>
716
+ <td width="3%">
717
+
718
+
719
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:x</p></td>
720
+ <td width="8%"></td>
721
+ <td width="78%">
722
+
723
+
724
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Examine the first
725
+ file in the command line list. If a number N is specified,
726
+ the N-th file in the list is examined.</p></td>
727
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
728
+ <td width="11%"></td>
729
+ <td width="3%">
730
+
731
+
732
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:d</p></td>
733
+ <td width="8%"></td>
734
+ <td width="78%">
735
+
736
+
737
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Remove the current
738
+ file from the list of files.</p></td>
739
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
740
+ <td width="11%"></td>
741
+ <td width="3%">
742
+
743
+
744
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">t</p></td>
745
+ <td width="8%"></td>
746
+ <td width="78%">
747
+
748
+
749
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the next tag,
750
+ if there were more than one matches for the current tag. See
751
+ the &minus;t option for more details about tags.</p></td>
752
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
753
+ <td width="11%"></td>
754
+ <td width="3%">
755
+
756
+
757
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">T</p></td>
758
+ <td width="8%"></td>
759
+ <td width="78%">
760
+
761
+
762
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Go to the previous
763
+ tag, if there were more than one matches for the current
764
+ tag.</p> </td>
765
+ </table>
766
+
767
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">= or ^G or :f</p>
768
+
769
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Prints some information about
770
+ the file being viewed, including its name and the line
771
+ number and byte offset of the bottom line being displayed.
772
+ If possible, it also prints the length of the file, the
773
+ number of lines in the file and the percent of the file
774
+ above the last displayed line.</p>
775
+
776
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
777
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
778
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
779
+ <td width="11%"></td>
780
+ <td width="6%">
781
+
782
+
783
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;</p></td>
784
+ <td width="5%"></td>
785
+ <td width="78%">
786
+
787
+
788
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
789
+ the command line option letters (see OPTIONS below), this
790
+ will change the setting of that option and print a message
791
+ describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL-P) is entered
792
+ immediately after the dash, the setting of the option is
793
+ changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has
794
+ a numeric value (such as &minus;b or &minus;h), or a string
795
+ value (such as &minus;P or &minus;t), a new value may be
796
+ entered after the option letter. If no new value is entered,
797
+ a message describing the current setting is printed and
798
+ nothing is changed.</p></td>
799
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
800
+ <td width="11%"></td>
801
+ <td width="6%">
802
+
803
+
804
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;&minus;</p></td>
805
+ <td width="5%"></td>
806
+ <td width="78%">
807
+
808
+
809
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the &minus;
810
+ command, but takes a long option name (see OPTIONS below)
811
+ rather than a single option letter. You must press RETURN
812
+ after typing the option name. A ^P immediately after the
813
+ second dash suppresses printing of a message describing the
814
+ new setting, as in the &minus; command.</p></td>
815
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
816
+ <td width="11%"></td>
817
+ <td width="6%">
818
+
819
+
820
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;+</p></td>
821
+ <td width="5%"></td>
822
+ <td width="78%">
823
+
824
+
825
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
826
+ the command line option letters this will reset the option
827
+ to its default setting and print a message describing the
828
+ new setting. (The &quot;&minus;+<i>X</i>&quot; command does
829
+ the same thing as &quot;&minus;+<i>X</i>&quot; on the
830
+ command line.) This does not work for string-valued
831
+ options.</p> </td>
832
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
833
+ <td width="11%"></td>
834
+ <td width="6%">
835
+
836
+
837
+
838
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;&minus;+</p> </td>
839
+ <td width="5%"></td>
840
+ <td width="78%">
841
+
842
+
843
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the &minus;+
844
+ command, but takes a long option name rather than a single
845
+ option letter.</p></td>
846
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
847
+ <td width="11%"></td>
848
+ <td width="6%">
849
+
850
+
851
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;!</p></td>
852
+ <td width="5%"></td>
853
+ <td width="78%">
854
+
855
+
856
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Followed by one of
857
+ the command line option letters, this will reset the option
858
+ to the &quot;opposite&quot; of its default setting and print
859
+ a message describing the new setting. This does not work for
860
+ numeric or string-valued options.</p></td>
861
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
862
+ <td width="11%"></td>
863
+ <td width="6%">
864
+
865
+
866
+
867
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;&minus;!</p> </td>
868
+ <td width="5%"></td>
869
+ <td width="78%">
870
+
871
+
872
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Like the &minus;!
873
+ command, but takes a long option name rather than a single
874
+ option letter.</p></td>
875
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
876
+ <td width="11%"></td>
877
+ <td width="6%">
878
+
879
+
880
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">_</p></td>
881
+ <td width="5%"></td>
882
+ <td width="78%">
883
+
884
+
885
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Underscore.)
886
+ Followed by one of the command line option letters, this
887
+ will print a message describing the current setting of that
888
+ option. The setting of the option is not changed.</p></td>
889
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
890
+ <td width="11%"></td>
891
+ <td width="6%">
892
+
893
+
894
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">__</p></td>
895
+ <td width="5%"></td>
896
+ <td width="78%">
897
+
898
+
899
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">(Double
900
+ underscore.) Like the _ (underscore) command, but takes a
901
+ long option name rather than a single option letter. You
902
+ must press RETURN after typing the option name.</p></td>
903
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
904
+ <td width="11%"></td>
905
+ <td width="6%">
906
+
907
+
908
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">+cmd</p></td>
909
+ <td width="5%"></td>
910
+ <td width="78%">
911
+
912
+
913
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Causes the
914
+ specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is
915
+ examined. For example, +G causes <i>less</i> to initially
916
+ display each file starting at the end rather than the
917
+ beginning.</p> </td>
918
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
919
+ <td width="11%"></td>
920
+ <td width="6%">
921
+
922
+
923
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">V</p></td>
924
+ <td width="5%"></td>
925
+ <td width="78%">
926
+
927
+
928
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Prints the version
929
+ number of <i>less</i> being run.</p></td>
930
+ </table>
931
+
932
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">q or Q or :q or :Q or ZZ</p>
933
+
934
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Exits <i>less.</i></p>
935
+
936
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
937
+ four commands may or may not be valid, depending on your
938
+ particular installation.</p>
939
+
940
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
941
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
942
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
943
+ <td width="11%"></td>
944
+ <td width="1%">
945
+
946
+
947
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">v</p></td>
948
+ <td width="10%"></td>
949
+ <td width="78%">
950
+
951
+
952
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Invokes an editor
953
+ to edit the current file being viewed. The editor is taken
954
+ from the environment variable VISUAL if defined, or EDITOR
955
+ if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to &quot;vi&quot; if
956
+ neither VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined. See also the
957
+ discussion of LESSEDIT under the section on PROMPTS
958
+ below.</p> </td>
959
+ </table>
960
+
961
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">! shell-command</p>
962
+
963
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Invokes a shell to run the
964
+ shell-command given. A percent sign (%) in the command is
965
+ replaced by the name of the current file. A pound sign (#)
966
+ is replaced by the name of the previously examined file.
967
+ &quot;!!&quot; repeats the last shell command. &quot;!&quot;
968
+ with no shell command simply invokes a shell. On Unix
969
+ systems, the shell is taken from the environment variable
970
+ SHELL, or defaults to &quot;sh&quot;. On MS-DOS and OS/2
971
+ systems, the shell is the normal command processor.</p>
972
+
973
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">| &lt;m&gt; shell-command</p>
974
+
975
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">&lt;m&gt; represents any mark
976
+ letter. Pipes a section of the input file to the given shell
977
+ command. The section of the file to be piped is between the
978
+ first line on the current screen and the position marked by
979
+ the letter. &lt;m&gt; may also be ^ or $ to indicate
980
+ beginning or end of file respectively. If &lt;m&gt; is . or
981
+ newline, the current screen is piped.</p>
982
+
983
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">s filename</p>
984
+
985
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Save the input to a file. This
986
+ only works if the input is a pipe, not an ordinary file.</p>
987
+
988
+ <a name="OPTIONS"></a>
989
+ <h2>OPTIONS</h2>
990
+
991
+
992
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Command line
993
+ options are described below. Most options may be changed
994
+ while <i>less</i> is running, via the &quot;&minus;&quot;
995
+ command.</p>
996
+
997
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Most options
998
+ may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed by
999
+ a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option
1000
+ name. A long option name may be abbreviated as long as the
1001
+ abbreviation is unambiguous. For example,
1002
+ &minus;&minus;quit-at-eof may be abbreviated
1003
+ &minus;&minus;quit, but not --qui, since both
1004
+ &minus;&minus;quit-at-eof and &minus;&minus;quiet begin with
1005
+ &minus;&minus;qui. Some long option names are in uppercase,
1006
+ such as &minus;&minus;QUIT-AT-EOF, as distinct from
1007
+ &minus;&minus;quit-at-eof. Such option names need only have
1008
+ their first letter capitalized; the remainder of the name
1009
+ may be in either case. For example,
1010
+ &minus;&minus;Quit-at-eof is equivalent to
1011
+ &minus;&minus;QUIT-AT-EOF.</p>
1012
+
1013
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Options are
1014
+ also taken from the environment variable &quot;LESS&quot;.
1015
+ For example, to avoid typing &quot;less &minus;options
1016
+ ...&quot; each time <i>less</i> is invoked, you might tell
1017
+ <i>csh:</i></p>
1018
+
1019
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">setenv LESS
1020
+ &quot;-options&quot;</p>
1021
+
1022
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">or if you use
1023
+ <i>sh:</i></p>
1024
+
1025
+
1026
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">LESS=&quot;-options&quot;;
1027
+ export LESS</p>
1028
+
1029
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On MS-DOS, you
1030
+ don&rsquo;t need the quotes, but you should replace any
1031
+ percent signs in the options string by double percent
1032
+ signs.</p>
1033
+
1034
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The environment
1035
+ variable is parsed before the command line, so command line
1036
+ options override the LESS environment variable. If an option
1037
+ appears in the LESS variable, it can be reset to its default
1038
+ value on the command line by beginning the command line
1039
+ option with &quot;&minus;+&quot;.</p>
1040
+
1041
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For options
1042
+ like &minus;P or &minus;D which take a following string, a
1043
+ dollar sign ($) must be used to signal the end of the
1044
+ string. For example, to set two &minus;D options on MS-DOS,
1045
+ you must have a dollar sign between them, like this:</p>
1046
+
1047
+
1048
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">LESS=&quot;-Dn9.1$-Ds4.1&quot;
1049
+ <br>
1050
+ &minus;? or &minus;&minus;help</p>
1051
+
1052
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">This option displays a summary
1053
+ of the commands accepted by <i>less</i> (the same as the h
1054
+ command). (Depending on how your shell interprets the
1055
+ question mark, it may be necessary to quote the question
1056
+ mark, thus: &quot;&minus;\?&quot;.)</p>
1057
+
1058
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;a or
1059
+ &minus;&minus;search-skip-screen</p>
1060
+
1061
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes searches to start after
1062
+ the last line displayed on the screen, thus skipping all
1063
+ lines displayed on the screen. By default, searches start at
1064
+ the second line on the screen (or after the last found line;
1065
+ see the &minus;j option).</p>
1066
+
1067
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;b<i>n</i> or
1068
+ &minus;&minus;buffers=<i>n</i></p>
1069
+
1070
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies the amount of buffer
1071
+ space <i>less</i> will use for each file, in units of
1072
+ kilobytes (1024 bytes). By default 64K of buffer space is
1073
+ used for each file (unless the file is a pipe; see the
1074
+ &minus;B option). The &minus;b option specifies instead that
1075
+ <i>n</i> kilobytes of buffer space should be used for each
1076
+ file. If <i>n</i> is &minus;1, buffer space is unlimited;
1077
+ that is, the entire file can be read into memory.</p>
1078
+
1079
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;B or
1080
+ &minus;&minus;auto-buffers</p>
1081
+
1082
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">By default, when data is read
1083
+ from a pipe, buffers are allocated automatically as needed.
1084
+ If a large amount of data is read from the pipe, this can
1085
+ cause a large amount of memory to be allocated. The &minus;B
1086
+ option disables this automatic allocation of buffers for
1087
+ pipes, so that only 64K (or the amount of space specified by
1088
+ the &minus;b option) is used for the pipe. Warning: use of
1089
+ &minus;B can result in erroneous display, since only the
1090
+ most recently viewed part of the piped data is kept in
1091
+ memory; any earlier data is lost.</p>
1092
+
1093
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;c or
1094
+ &minus;&minus;clear-screen</p>
1095
+
1096
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes full screen repaints to
1097
+ be painted from the top line down. By default, full screen
1098
+ repaints are done by scrolling from the bottom of the
1099
+ screen.</p>
1100
+
1101
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;C or
1102
+ &minus;&minus;CLEAR-SCREEN</p>
1103
+
1104
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Same as &minus;c, for
1105
+ compatibility with older versions of <i>less.</i></p>
1106
+
1107
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;d or
1108
+ &minus;&minus;dumb</p>
1109
+
1110
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The &minus;d option suppresses
1111
+ the error message normally displayed if the terminal is
1112
+ dumb; that is, lacks some important capability, such as the
1113
+ ability to clear the screen or scroll backward. The &minus;d
1114
+ option does not otherwise change the behavior of <i>less</i>
1115
+ on a dumb terminal.</p>
1116
+
1117
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;D<b>x</b><i>color</i> or
1118
+ &minus;&minus;color=<b>x</b><i>color</i></p>
1119
+
1120
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">[MS-DOS only] Sets the color of
1121
+ the text displayed. <b>x</b> is a single character which
1122
+ selects the type of text whose color is being set: n=normal,
1123
+ s=standout, d=bold, u=underlined, k=blink. <i>color</i> is a
1124
+ pair of numbers separated by a period. The first number
1125
+ selects the foreground color and the second selects the
1126
+ background color of the text. A single number <i>N</i> is
1127
+ the same as <i>N.0</i>.</p>
1128
+
1129
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;e or
1130
+ &minus;&minus;quit-at-eof</p>
1131
+
1132
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
1133
+ automatically exit the second time it reaches end-of-file.
1134
+ By default, the only way to exit <i>less</i> is via the
1135
+ &quot;q&quot; command.</p>
1136
+
1137
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;E or
1138
+ &minus;&minus;QUIT-AT-EOF</p>
1139
+
1140
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
1141
+ automatically exit the first time it reaches
1142
+ end-of-file.</p>
1143
+
1144
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;f or
1145
+ &minus;&minus;force</p>
1146
+
1147
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Forces non-regular files to be
1148
+ opened. (A non-regular file is a directory or a device
1149
+ special file.) Also suppresses the warning message when a
1150
+ binary file is opened. By default, <i>less</i> will refuse
1151
+ to open non-regular files. Note that some operating systems
1152
+ will not allow directories to be read, even if &minus;f is
1153
+ set.</p>
1154
+
1155
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;F or
1156
+ &minus;&minus;quit-if-one-screen</p>
1157
+
1158
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to
1159
+ automatically exit if the entire file can be displayed on
1160
+ the first screen.</p>
1161
+
1162
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;g or
1163
+ &minus;&minus;hilite-search</p>
1164
+
1165
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally, <i>less</i> will
1166
+ highlight ALL strings which match the last search command.
1167
+ The &minus;g option changes this behavior to highlight only
1168
+ the particular string which was found by the last search
1169
+ command. This can cause <i>less</i> to run somewhat faster
1170
+ than the default.</p>
1171
+
1172
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;G or
1173
+ &minus;&minus;HILITE-SEARCH</p>
1174
+
1175
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The &minus;G option suppresses
1176
+ all highlighting of strings found by search commands.</p>
1177
+
1178
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;h<i>n</i> or
1179
+ &minus;&minus;max-back-scroll=<i>n</i></p>
1180
+
1181
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a maximum number of
1182
+ lines to scroll backward. If it is necessary to scroll
1183
+ backward more than <i>n</i> lines, the screen is repainted
1184
+ in a forward direction instead. (If the terminal does not
1185
+ have the ability to scroll backward, &minus;h0 is
1186
+ implied.)</p>
1187
+
1188
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;i or
1189
+ &minus;&minus;ignore-case</p>
1190
+
1191
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes searches to ignore case;
1192
+ that is, uppercase and lowercase are considered identical.
1193
+ This option is ignored if any uppercase letters appear in
1194
+ the search pattern; in other words, if a pattern contains
1195
+ uppercase letters, then that search does not ignore
1196
+ case.</p>
1197
+
1198
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;I or
1199
+ &minus;&minus;IGNORE-CASE</p>
1200
+
1201
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Like &minus;i, but searches
1202
+ ignore case even if the pattern contains uppercase
1203
+ letters.</p>
1204
+
1205
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;j<i>n</i> or
1206
+ &minus;&minus;jump-target=<i>n</i></p>
1207
+
1208
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a line on the screen
1209
+ where the &quot;target&quot; line is to be positioned. The
1210
+ target line is the line specified by any command to search
1211
+ for a pattern, jump to a line number, jump to a file
1212
+ percentage or jump to a tag. The screen line may be
1213
+ specified by a number: the top line on the screen is 1, the
1214
+ next is 2, and so on. The number may be negative to specify
1215
+ a line relative to the bottom of the screen: the bottom line
1216
+ on the screen is &minus;1, the second to the bottom is
1217
+ &minus;2, and so on. Alternately, the screen line may be
1218
+ specified as a fraction of the height of the screen,
1219
+ starting with a decimal point: .5 is in the middle of the
1220
+ screen, .3 is three tenths down from the first line, and so
1221
+ on. If the line is specified as a fraction, the actual line
1222
+ number is recalculated if the terminal window is resized, so
1223
+ that the target line remains at the specified fraction of
1224
+ the screen height. If any form of the &minus;j option is
1225
+ used, forward searches begin at the line immediately after
1226
+ the target line, and backward searches begin at the target
1227
+ line. For example, if &quot;&minus;j4&quot; is used, the
1228
+ target line is the fourth line on the screen, so forward
1229
+ searches begin at the fifth line on the screen.</p>
1230
+
1231
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;J or
1232
+ &minus;&minus;status-column</p>
1233
+
1234
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Displays a status column at the
1235
+ left edge of the screen. The status column shows the lines
1236
+ that matched the current search. The status column is also
1237
+ used if the &minus;w or &minus;W option is in effect.</p>
1238
+
1239
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;k<i>filename</i> or
1240
+ &minus;&minus;lesskey-file=<i>filename</i></p>
1241
+
1242
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to open and
1243
+ interpret the named file as a <i>lesskey</i> (1) file.
1244
+ Multiple &minus;k options may be specified. If the LESSKEY
1245
+ or LESSKEY_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a
1246
+ lesskey file is found in a standard place (see KEY
1247
+ BINDINGS), it is also used as a <i>lesskey</i> file.</p>
1248
+
1249
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;K or
1250
+ &minus;&minus;quit-on-intr</p>
1251
+
1252
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to exit
1253
+ immediately when an interrupt character (usually ^C) is
1254
+ typed. Normally, an interrupt character causes <i>less</i>
1255
+ to stop whatever it is doing and return to its command
1256
+ prompt. Note that use of this option makes it impossible to
1257
+ return to the command prompt from the &quot;F&quot;
1258
+ command.</p>
1259
+
1260
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;L or
1261
+ &minus;&minus;no-lessopen</p>
1262
+
1263
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Ignore the LESSOPEN environment
1264
+ variable (see the INPUT PREPROCESSOR section below). This
1265
+ option can be set from within <i>less</i>, but it will apply
1266
+ only to files opened subsequently, not to the file which is
1267
+ currently open.</p>
1268
+
1269
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;m or
1270
+ &minus;&minus;long-prompt</p>
1271
+
1272
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to prompt
1273
+ verbosely (like <i>more</i>), with the percent into the
1274
+ file. By default, <i>less</i> prompts with a colon.</p>
1275
+
1276
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;M or
1277
+ &minus;&minus;LONG-PROMPT</p>
1278
+
1279
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to prompt
1280
+ even more verbosely than <i>more.</i></p>
1281
+
1282
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;n or
1283
+ &minus;&minus;line-numbers</p>
1284
+
1285
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Suppresses line numbers. The
1286
+ default (to use line numbers) may cause <i>less</i> to run
1287
+ more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large
1288
+ input file. Suppressing line numbers with the &minus;n
1289
+ option will avoid this problem. Using line numbers means:
1290
+ the line number will be displayed in the verbose prompt and
1291
+ in the = command, and the v command will pass the current
1292
+ line number to the editor (see also the discussion of
1293
+ LESSEDIT in PROMPTS below).</p>
1294
+
1295
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;N or
1296
+ &minus;&minus;LINE-NUMBERS</p>
1297
+
1298
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes a line number to be
1299
+ displayed at the beginning of each line in the display.</p>
1300
+
1301
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;o<i>filename</i> or
1302
+ &minus;&minus;log-file=<i>filename</i></p>
1303
+
1304
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes <i>less</i> to copy its
1305
+ input to the named file as it is being viewed. This applies
1306
+ only when the input file is a pipe, not an ordinary file. If
1307
+ the file already exists, <i>less</i> will ask for
1308
+ confirmation before overwriting it.</p>
1309
+
1310
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;O<i>filename</i> or
1311
+ &minus;&minus;LOG-FILE=<i>filename</i></p>
1312
+
1313
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The &minus;O option is like
1314
+ &minus;o, but it will overwrite an existing file without
1315
+ asking for confirmation.</p>
1316
+
1317
+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If no log file
1318
+ has been specified, the &minus;o and &minus;O options can be
1319
+ used from within <i>less</i> to specify a log file. Without
1320
+ a file name, they will simply report the name of the log
1321
+ file. The &quot;s&quot; command is equivalent to specifying
1322
+ &minus;o from within <i>less.</i></p>
1323
+
1324
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;p<i>pattern</i> or
1325
+ &minus;&minus;pattern=<i>pattern</i></p>
1326
+
1327
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The &minus;p option on the
1328
+ command line is equivalent to specifying +/<i>pattern</i>;
1329
+ that is, it tells <i>less</i> to start at the first
1330
+ occurrence of <i>pattern</i> in the file.</p>
1331
+
1332
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;P<i>prompt</i> or
1333
+ &minus;&minus;prompt=<i>prompt</i></p>
1334
+
1335
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Provides a way to tailor the
1336
+ three prompt styles to your own preference. This option
1337
+ would normally be put in the LESS environment variable,
1338
+ rather than being typed in with each <i>less</i> command.
1339
+ Such an option must either be the last option in the LESS
1340
+ variable, or be terminated by a dollar sign. -Ps followed by
1341
+ a string changes the default (short) prompt to that string.
1342
+ -Pm changes the medium (&minus;m) prompt. -PM changes the
1343
+ long (&minus;M) prompt. -Ph changes the prompt for the help
1344
+ screen. -P= changes the message printed by the = command.
1345
+ -Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in
1346
+ the F command). All prompt strings consist of a sequence of
1347
+ letters and special escape sequences. See the section on
1348
+ PROMPTS for more details.</p>
1349
+
1350
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;q or &minus;&minus;quiet
1351
+ or &minus;&minus;silent</p>
1352
+
1353
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes moderately
1354
+ &quot;quiet&quot; operation: the terminal bell is not rung
1355
+ if an attempt is made to scroll past the end of the file or
1356
+ before the beginning of the file. If the terminal has a
1357
+ &quot;visual bell&quot;, it is used instead. The bell will
1358
+ be rung on certain other errors, such as typing an invalid
1359
+ character. The default is to ring the terminal bell in all
1360
+ such cases.</p>
1361
+
1362
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;Q or &minus;&minus;QUIET
1363
+ or &minus;&minus;SILENT</p>
1364
+
1365
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes totally
1366
+ &quot;quiet&quot; operation: the terminal bell is never
1367
+ rung.</p>
1368
+
1369
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;r or
1370
+ &minus;&minus;raw-control-chars</p>
1371
+
1372
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes &quot;raw&quot; control
1373
+ characters to be displayed. The default is to display
1374
+ control characters using the caret notation; for example, a
1375
+ control-A (octal 001) is displayed as &quot;^A&quot;.
1376
+ Warning: when the &minus;r option is used, <i>less</i>
1377
+ cannot keep track of the actual appearance of the screen
1378
+ (since this depends on how the screen responds to each type
1379
+ of control character). Thus, various display problems may
1380
+ result, such as long lines being split in the wrong
1381
+ place.</p>
1382
+
1383
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;R or
1384
+ &minus;&minus;RAW-CONTROL-CHARS</p>
1385
+
1386
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Like &minus;r, but only ANSI
1387
+ &quot;color&quot; escape sequences are output in
1388
+ &quot;raw&quot; form. Unlike &minus;r, the screen appearance
1389
+ is maintained correctly in most cases. ANSI
1390
+ &quot;color&quot; escape sequences are sequences of the
1391
+ form:</p>
1392
+
1393
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
1394
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
1395
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1396
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1397
+ <td width="7%"></td>
1398
+ <td width="85%">
1399
+
1400
+
1401
+ <p valign="top">ESC [ ... m</p></td>
1402
+ </table>
1403
+
1404
+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">where the
1405
+ &quot;...&quot; is zero or more color specification
1406
+ characters For the purpose of keeping track of screen
1407
+ appearance, ANSI color escape sequences are assumed to not
1408
+ move the cursor. You can make <i>less</i> think that
1409
+ characters other than &quot;m&quot; can end ANSI color
1410
+ escape sequences by setting the environment variable
1411
+ LESSANSIENDCHARS to the list of characters which can end a
1412
+ color escape sequence. And you can make <i>less</i> think
1413
+ that characters other than the standard ones may appear
1414
+ between the ESC and the m by setting the environment
1415
+ variable LESSANSIMIDCHARS to the list of characters which
1416
+ can appear.</p>
1417
+
1418
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;s or
1419
+ &minus;&minus;squeeze-blank-lines</p>
1420
+
1421
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes consecutive blank lines
1422
+ to be squeezed into a single blank line. This is useful when
1423
+ viewing <i>nroff</i> output.</p>
1424
+
1425
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;S or
1426
+ &minus;&minus;chop-long-lines</p>
1427
+
1428
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes lines longer than the
1429
+ screen width to be chopped rather than folded. That is, the
1430
+ portion of a long line that does not fit in the screen width
1431
+ is not shown. The default is to fold long lines; that is,
1432
+ display the remainder on the next line.</p>
1433
+
1434
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;t<i>tag</i> or
1435
+ &minus;&minus;tag=<i>tag</i></p>
1436
+
1437
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The &minus;t option, followed
1438
+ immediately by a TAG, will edit the file containing that
1439
+ tag. For this to work, tag information must be available;
1440
+ for example, there may be a file in the current directory
1441
+ called &quot;tags&quot;, which was previously built by
1442
+ <i>ctags</i> (1) or an equivalent command. If the
1443
+ environment variable LESSGLOBALTAGS is set, it is taken to
1444
+ be the name of a command compatible with <i>global</i> (1),
1445
+ and that command is executed to find the tag. (See
1446
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). The
1447
+ &minus;t option may also be specified from within
1448
+ <i>less</i> (using the &minus; command) as a way of
1449
+ examining a new file. The command &quot;:t&quot; is
1450
+ equivalent to specifying &minus;t from within
1451
+ <i>less.</i></p>
1452
+
1453
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;T<i>tagsfile</i> or
1454
+ &minus;&minus;tag-file=<i>tagsfile</i></p>
1455
+
1456
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a tags file to be
1457
+ used instead of &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
1458
+
1459
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;u or
1460
+ &minus;&minus;underline-special</p>
1461
+
1462
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes backspaces and carriage
1463
+ returns to be treated as printable characters; that is, they
1464
+ are sent to the terminal when they appear in the input.</p>
1465
+
1466
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;U or
1467
+ &minus;&minus;UNDERLINE-SPECIAL</p>
1468
+
1469
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes backspaces, tabs and
1470
+ carriage returns to be treated as control characters; that
1471
+ is, they are handled as specified by the &minus;r
1472
+ option.</p>
1473
+
1474
+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">By default, if
1475
+ neither &minus;u nor &minus;U is given, backspaces which
1476
+ appear adjacent to an underscore character are treated
1477
+ specially: the underlined text is displayed using the
1478
+ terminal&rsquo;s hardware underlining capability. Also,
1479
+ backspaces which appear between two identical characters are
1480
+ treated specially: the overstruck text is printed using the
1481
+ terminal&rsquo;s hardware boldface capability. Other
1482
+ backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding character.
1483
+ Carriage returns immediately followed by a newline are
1484
+ deleted. other carriage returns are handled as specified by
1485
+ the &minus;r option. Text which is overstruck or underlined
1486
+ can be searched for if neither &minus;u nor &minus;U is in
1487
+ effect.</p>
1488
+
1489
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;V or
1490
+ &minus;&minus;version</p>
1491
+
1492
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Displays the version number of
1493
+ <i>less.</i></p>
1494
+
1495
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;w or
1496
+ &minus;&minus;hilite-unread</p>
1497
+
1498
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Temporarily highlights the
1499
+ first &quot;new&quot; line after a forward movement of a
1500
+ full page. The first &quot;new&quot; line is the line
1501
+ immediately following the line previously at the bottom of
1502
+ the screen. Also highlights the target line after a g or p
1503
+ command. The highlight is removed at the next command which
1504
+ causes movement. The entire line is highlighted, unless the
1505
+ &minus;J option is in effect, in which case only the status
1506
+ column is highlighted.</p>
1507
+
1508
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;W or
1509
+ &minus;&minus;HILITE-UNREAD</p>
1510
+
1511
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Like &minus;w, but temporarily
1512
+ highlights the first new line after any forward movement
1513
+ command larger than one line.</p>
1514
+
1515
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;x<i>n</i>,... or
1516
+ &minus;&minus;tabs=<i>n</i>,...</p>
1517
+
1518
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Sets tab stops. If only one
1519
+ <i>n</i> is specified, tab stops are set at multiples of
1520
+ <i>n</i>. If multiple values separated by commas are
1521
+ specified, tab stops are set at those positions, and then
1522
+ continue with the same spacing as the last two. For example,
1523
+ <i>-x9,17</i> will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
1524
+ The default for <i>n</i> is 8.</p>
1525
+
1526
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;X or
1527
+ &minus;&minus;no-init</p>
1528
+
1529
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables sending the termcap
1530
+ initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal.
1531
+ This is sometimes desirable if the deinitialization string
1532
+ does something unnecessary, like clearing the screen.</p>
1533
+
1534
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;y<i>n</i> or
1535
+ &minus;&minus;max-forw-scroll=<i>n</i></p>
1536
+
1537
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies a maximum number of
1538
+ lines to scroll forward. If it is necessary to scroll
1539
+ forward more than <i>n</i> lines, the screen is repainted
1540
+ instead. The &minus;c or &minus;C option may be used to
1541
+ repaint from the top of the screen if desired. By default,
1542
+ any forward movement causes scrolling.</p>
1543
+
1544
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;[z]<i>n</i> or
1545
+ &minus;&minus;window=<i>n</i></p>
1546
+
1547
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Changes the default scrolling
1548
+ window size to <i>n</i> lines. The default is one screenful.
1549
+ The z and w commands can also be used to change the window
1550
+ size. The &quot;z&quot; may be omitted for compatibility
1551
+ with some versions of <i>more.</i> If the number <i>n</i> is
1552
+ negative, it indicates <i>n</i> lines less than the current
1553
+ screen size. For example, if the screen is 24 lines,
1554
+ <i>&minus;z-4</i> sets the scrolling window to 20 lines. If
1555
+ the screen is resized to 40 lines, the scrolling window
1556
+ automatically changes to 36 lines.</p>
1557
+
1558
+
1559
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;<i>&quot;cc&nbsp;</i>or&nbsp;&minus;&minus;quotes=<i>cc</i></p>
1560
+
1561
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Changes the filename quoting
1562
+ character. This may be necessary if you are trying to name a
1563
+ file which contains both spaces and quote characters.
1564
+ Followed by a single character, this changes the quote
1565
+ character to that character. Filenames containing a space
1566
+ should then be surrounded by that character rather than by
1567
+ double quotes. Followed by two characters, changes the open
1568
+ quote to the first character, and the close quote to the
1569
+ second character. Filenames containing a space should then
1570
+ be preceded by the open quote character and followed by the
1571
+ close quote character. Note that even after the quote
1572
+ characters are changed, this option remains &minus;&quot; (a
1573
+ dash followed by a double quote).</p>
1574
+
1575
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;~ or
1576
+ &minus;&minus;tilde</p>
1577
+
1578
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally lines after end of
1579
+ file are displayed as a single tilde (~). This option causes
1580
+ lines after end of file to be displayed as blank lines.</p>
1581
+
1582
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;# or
1583
+ &minus;&minus;shift</p>
1584
+
1585
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Specifies the default number of
1586
+ positions to scroll horizontally in the RIGHTARROW and
1587
+ LEFTARROW commands. If the number specified is zero, it sets
1588
+ the default number of positions to one half of the screen
1589
+ width.</p>
1590
+
1591
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;&minus;no-keypad</p>
1592
+
1593
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables sending the keypad
1594
+ initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal.
1595
+ This is sometimes useful if the keypad strings make the
1596
+ numeric keypad behave in an undesirable manner.</p>
1597
+
1598
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">&minus;&minus;follow-name</p>
1599
+
1600
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Normally, if the input file is
1601
+ renamed while an F command is executing, <i>less</i> will
1602
+ continue to display the contents of the original file
1603
+ despite its name change. If &minus;&minus;follow-name is
1604
+ specified, during an F command <i>less</i> will periodically
1605
+ attempt to reopen the file by name. If the reopen succeeds
1606
+ and the file is a different file from the original (which
1607
+ means that a new file has been created with the same name as
1608
+ the original (now renamed) file), <i>less</i> will display
1609
+ the contents of that new file.</p>
1610
+
1611
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
1612
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
1613
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1614
+ <td width="11%"></td>
1615
+ <td width="3%">
1616
+
1617
+
1618
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;&minus;</p></td>
1619
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1620
+ <td width="78%">
1621
+
1622
+
1623
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">A command line
1624
+ argument of &quot;&minus;&minus;&quot; marks the end of
1625
+ option arguments. Any arguments following this are
1626
+ interpreted as filenames. This can be useful when viewing a
1627
+ file whose name begins with a &quot;&minus;&quot; or
1628
+ &quot;+&quot;.</p> </td>
1629
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1630
+ <td width="11%"></td>
1631
+ <td width="3%">
1632
+
1633
+
1634
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">+</p></td>
1635
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1636
+ <td width="78%">
1637
+
1638
+
1639
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">If a command line
1640
+ option begins with <b>+</b>, the remainder of that option is
1641
+ taken to be an initial command to <i>less.</i> For example,
1642
+ +G tells <i>less</i> to start at the end of the file rather
1643
+ than the beginning, and +/xyz tells it to start at the first
1644
+ occurrence of &quot;xyz&quot; in the file. As a special
1645
+ case, +&lt;number&gt; acts like +&lt;number&gt;g; that is,
1646
+ it starts the display at the specified line number (however,
1647
+ see the caveat under the &quot;g&quot; command above). If
1648
+ the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to
1649
+ every file being viewed, not just the first one. The +
1650
+ command described previously may also be used to set (or
1651
+ change) an initial command for every file.</p></td>
1652
+ </table>
1653
+
1654
+ <a name="LINE EDITING"></a>
1655
+ <h2>LINE EDITING</h2>
1656
+
1657
+
1658
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When entering
1659
+ command line at the bottom of the screen (for example, a
1660
+ filename for the :e command, or the pattern for a search
1661
+ command), certain keys can be used to manipulate the command
1662
+ line. Most commands have an alternate form in [ brackets ]
1663
+ which can be used if a key does not exist on a particular
1664
+ keyboard. (Note that the forms beginning with ESC do not
1665
+ work in some MS-DOS and Windows systems because ESC is the
1666
+ line erase character.) Any of these special keys may be
1667
+ entered literally by preceding it with the
1668
+ &quot;literal&quot; character, either ^V or ^A. A backslash
1669
+ itself may also be entered literally by entering two
1670
+ backslashes. <br>
1671
+ LEFTARROW [ ESC-h ]</p>
1672
+
1673
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor one space to
1674
+ the left.</p>
1675
+
1676
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">RIGHTARROW [ ESC-l ]</p>
1677
+
1678
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor one space to
1679
+ the right.</p>
1680
+
1681
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^LEFTARROW [ ESC-b or
1682
+ ESC-LEFTARROW ]</p>
1683
+
1684
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and LEFTARROW
1685
+ simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the left.</p>
1686
+
1687
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^RIGHTARROW [ ESC-w or
1688
+ ESC-RIGHTARROW ]</p>
1689
+
1690
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and
1691
+ RIGHTARROW simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the
1692
+ right.</p>
1693
+
1694
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">HOME [ ESC-0 ]</p>
1695
+
1696
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor to the
1697
+ beginning of the line.</p>
1698
+
1699
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">END [ ESC-$ ]</p>
1700
+
1701
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Move the cursor to the end of
1702
+ the line.</p>
1703
+
1704
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">BACKSPACE</p>
1705
+
1706
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the character to the
1707
+ left of the cursor, or cancel the command if the command
1708
+ line is empty.</p>
1709
+
1710
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">DELETE or [ ESC-x ]</p>
1711
+
1712
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the character under the
1713
+ cursor.</p>
1714
+
1715
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^BACKSPACE [ ESC-BACKSPACE
1716
+ ]</p>
1717
+
1718
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and BACKSPACE
1719
+ simultaneously.) Delete the word to the left of the
1720
+ cursor.</p>
1721
+
1722
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^DELETE [ ESC-X or ESC-DELETE
1723
+ ]</p>
1724
+
1725
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">(That is, CONTROL and DELETE
1726
+ simultaneously.) Delete the word under the cursor.</p>
1727
+
1728
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">UPARROW [ ESC-k ]</p>
1729
+
1730
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Retrieve the previous command
1731
+ line.</p>
1732
+
1733
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">DOWNARROW [ ESC-j ]</p>
1734
+
1735
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Retrieve the next command
1736
+ line.</p>
1737
+
1738
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
1739
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
1740
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1741
+ <td width="11%"></td>
1742
+ <td width="4%">
1743
+
1744
+
1745
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">TAB</p></td>
1746
+ <td width="7%"></td>
1747
+ <td width="78%">
1748
+
1749
+
1750
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Complete the
1751
+ partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches
1752
+ more than one filename, the first match is entered into the
1753
+ command line. Repeated TABs will cycle thru the other
1754
+ matching filenames. If the completed filename is a
1755
+ directory, a &quot;/&quot; is appended to the filename. (On
1756
+ MS-DOS systems, a &quot;\&quot; is appended.) The
1757
+ environment variable LESSSEPARATOR can be used to specify a
1758
+ different character to append to a directory name.</p></td>
1759
+ </table>
1760
+
1761
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">BACKTAB [ ESC-TAB ]</p>
1762
+
1763
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Like, TAB, but cycles in the
1764
+ reverse direction thru the matching filenames.</p>
1765
+
1766
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
1767
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
1768
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1769
+ <td width="11%"></td>
1770
+ <td width="3%">
1771
+
1772
+
1773
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">^L</p></td>
1774
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1775
+ <td width="78%">
1776
+
1777
+
1778
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Complete the
1779
+ partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches
1780
+ more than one filename, all matches are entered into the
1781
+ command line (if they fit).</p></td>
1782
+ </table>
1783
+
1784
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">^U (Unix and OS/2) or ESC
1785
+ (MS-DOS)</p>
1786
+
1787
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete the entire command line,
1788
+ or cancel the command if the command line is empty. If you
1789
+ have changed your line-kill character in Unix to something
1790
+ other than ^U, that character is used instead of ^U.</p>
1791
+
1792
+ <a name="KEY BINDINGS"></a>
1793
+ <h2>KEY BINDINGS</h2>
1794
+
1795
+
1796
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You may define
1797
+ your own <i>less</i> commands by using the program
1798
+ <i>lesskey</i> (1) to create a lesskey file. This file
1799
+ specifies a set of command keys and an action associated
1800
+ with each key. You may also use <i>lesskey</i> to change the
1801
+ line-editing keys (see LINE EDITING), and to set environment
1802
+ variables. If the environment variable LESSKEY is set,
1803
+ <i>less</i> uses that as the name of the lesskey file.
1804
+ Otherwise, <i>less</i> looks in a standard place for the
1805
+ lesskey file: On Unix systems, <i>less</i> looks for a
1806
+ lesskey file called &quot;$HOME/.less&quot;. On MS-DOS and
1807
+ Windows systems, <i>less</i> looks for a lesskey file called
1808
+ &quot;$HOME/_less&quot;, and if it is not found there, then
1809
+ looks for a lesskey file called &quot;_less&quot; in any
1810
+ directory specified in the PATH environment variable. On
1811
+ OS/2 systems, <i>less</i> looks for a lesskey file called
1812
+ &quot;$HOME/less.ini&quot;, and if it is not found, then
1813
+ looks for a lesskey file called &quot;less.ini&quot; in any
1814
+ directory specified in the INIT environment variable, and if
1815
+ it not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called
1816
+ &quot;less.ini&quot; in any directory specified in the PATH
1817
+ environment variable. See the <i>lesskey</i> manual page for
1818
+ more details.</p>
1819
+
1820
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A system-wide
1821
+ lesskey file may also be set up to provide key bindings. If
1822
+ a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the
1823
+ system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take
1824
+ precedence over those in the system-wide file. If the
1825
+ environment variable LESSKEY_SYSTEM is set, <i>less</i> uses
1826
+ that as the name of the system-wide lesskey file. Otherwise,
1827
+ <i>less</i> looks in a standard place for the system-wide
1828
+ lesskey file: On Unix systems, the system-wide lesskey file
1829
+ is /usr/local/etc/sysless. (However, if <i>less</i> was
1830
+ built with a different sysconf directory than
1831
+ /usr/local/etc, that directory is where the sysless file is
1832
+ found.) On MS-DOS and Windows systems, the system-wide
1833
+ lesskey file is c:\_sysless. On OS/2 systems, the
1834
+ system-wide lesskey file is c:\sysless.ini.</p>
1835
+
1836
+ <a name="INPUT PREPROCESSOR"></a>
1837
+ <h2>INPUT PREPROCESSOR</h2>
1838
+
1839
+
1840
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You may define
1841
+ an &quot;input preprocessor&quot; for <i>less.</i> Before
1842
+ <i>less</i> opens a file, it first gives your input
1843
+ preprocessor a chance to modify the way the contents of the
1844
+ file are displayed. An input preprocessor is simply an
1845
+ executable program (or shell script), which writes the
1846
+ contents of the file to a different file, called the
1847
+ replacement file. The contents of the replacement file are
1848
+ then displayed in place of the contents of the original
1849
+ file. However, it will appear to the user as if the original
1850
+ file is opened; that is, <i>less</i> will display the
1851
+ original filename as the name of the current file.</p>
1852
+
1853
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">An input
1854
+ preprocessor receives one command line argument, the
1855
+ original filename, as entered by the user. It should create
1856
+ the replacement file, and when finished, print the name of
1857
+ the replacement file to its standard output. If the input
1858
+ preprocessor does not output a replacement filename,
1859
+ <i>less</i> uses the original file, as normal. The input
1860
+ preprocessor is not called when viewing standard input. To
1861
+ set up an input preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environment
1862
+ variable to a command line which will invoke your input
1863
+ preprocessor. This command line should include one
1864
+ occurrence of the string &quot;%s&quot;, which will be
1865
+ replaced by the filename when the input preprocessor command
1866
+ is invoked.</p>
1867
+
1868
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When
1869
+ <i>less</i> closes a file opened in such a way, it will call
1870
+ another program, called the input postprocessor, which may
1871
+ perform any desired clean-up action (such as deleting the
1872
+ replacement file created by LESSOPEN). This program receives
1873
+ two command line arguments, the original filename as entered
1874
+ by the user, and the name of the replacement file. To set up
1875
+ an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment
1876
+ variable to a command line which will invoke your input
1877
+ postprocessor. It may include two occurrences of the string
1878
+ &quot;%s&quot;; the first is replaced with the original name
1879
+ of the file and the second with the name of the replacement
1880
+ file, which was output by LESSOPEN.</p>
1881
+
1882
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For example, on
1883
+ many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to keep
1884
+ files in compressed format, but still let <i>less</i> view
1885
+ them directly:</p>
1886
+
1887
+
1888
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lessopen.sh:</p>
1889
+
1890
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
1891
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
1892
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1893
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1894
+ <td width="7%"></td>
1895
+ <td width="8%">
1896
+
1897
+
1898
+ <p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
1899
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1900
+ <td width="69%">
1901
+ </td>
1902
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1903
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1904
+ <td width="7%"></td>
1905
+ <td width="8%">
1906
+
1907
+
1908
+ <p valign="top">case &quot;$1&quot; in</p></td>
1909
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1910
+ <td width="69%">
1911
+ </td>
1912
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1913
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1914
+ <td width="7%">
1915
+ </td>
1916
+ <td width="8%">
1917
+
1918
+
1919
+ <p valign="top">*.Z)</p></td>
1920
+ <td width="8%">
1921
+
1922
+
1923
+ <p valign="top">uncompress -</p></td>
1924
+ <td width="69%">
1925
+ </td>
1926
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1927
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1928
+ <td width="7%">
1929
+ </td>
1930
+ <td width="8%">
1931
+ </td>
1932
+ <td width="8%">
1933
+
1934
+
1935
+ <p valign="top">if [ &minus;s /tmp/less.$$ ]; then</p></td>
1936
+ <td width="69%">
1937
+ </td>
1938
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1939
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1940
+ <td width="7%">
1941
+ </td>
1942
+ <td width="8%">
1943
+ </td>
1944
+ <td width="8%">
1945
+ </td>
1946
+ <td width="69%">
1947
+
1948
+
1949
+ <p valign="top">echo /tmp/less.$$</p></td>
1950
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1951
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1952
+ <td width="7%">
1953
+ </td>
1954
+ <td width="8%">
1955
+ </td>
1956
+ <td width="8%">
1957
+
1958
+
1959
+ <p valign="top">else</p></td>
1960
+ <td width="69%">
1961
+ </td>
1962
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1963
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1964
+ <td width="7%">
1965
+ </td>
1966
+ <td width="8%">
1967
+ </td>
1968
+ <td width="8%">
1969
+ </td>
1970
+ <td width="69%">
1971
+
1972
+
1973
+ <p valign="top">rm &minus;f /tmp/less.$$</p></td>
1974
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1975
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1976
+ <td width="7%">
1977
+ </td>
1978
+ <td width="8%">
1979
+ </td>
1980
+ <td width="8%">
1981
+
1982
+
1983
+ <p valign="top">fi</p></td>
1984
+ <td width="69%">
1985
+ </td>
1986
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1987
+ <td width="8%"></td>
1988
+ <td width="7%">
1989
+ </td>
1990
+ <td width="8%">
1991
+ </td>
1992
+ <td width="8%">
1993
+
1994
+
1995
+ <p valign="top">;;</p></td>
1996
+ <td width="69%">
1997
+ </td>
1998
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
1999
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2000
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2001
+ <td width="8%">
2002
+
2003
+
2004
+ <p valign="top">esac</p></td>
2005
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2006
+ <td width="69%">
2007
+ </td>
2008
+ </table>
2009
+
2010
+
2011
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lessclose.sh:</p>
2012
+
2013
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2014
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2015
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2016
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2017
+ <td width="92%">
2018
+
2019
+
2020
+ <p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
2021
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2022
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2023
+ <td width="92%">
2024
+
2025
+
2026
+ <p valign="top">rm $2</p></td>
2027
+ </table>
2028
+
2029
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To use these
2030
+ scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set
2031
+ LESSOPEN=&quot;lessopen.sh&nbsp;%s&quot;, and
2032
+ LESSCLOSE=&quot;lessclose.sh&nbsp;%s&nbsp;%s&quot;. More
2033
+ complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to
2034
+ accept other types of compressed files, and so on.</p>
2035
+
2036
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">It is also
2037
+ possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file
2038
+ data directly to <i>less,</i> rather than putting the data
2039
+ into a replacement file. This avoids the need to decompress
2040
+ the entire file before starting to view it. An input
2041
+ preprocessor that works this way is called an input pipe. An
2042
+ input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replacement
2043
+ file on its standard output, writes the entire contents of
2044
+ the replacement file on its standard output. If the input
2045
+ pipe does not write any characters on its standard output,
2046
+ then there is no replacement file and <i>less</i> uses the
2047
+ original file, as normal. To use an input pipe, make the
2048
+ first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a
2049
+ vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is
2050
+ an input pipe.</p>
2051
+
2052
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For example, on
2053
+ many Unix systems, this script will work like the previous
2054
+ example scripts:</p>
2055
+
2056
+
2057
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lesspipe.sh:</p>
2058
+
2059
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2060
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2061
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2062
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2063
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2064
+ <td width="8%">
2065
+
2066
+
2067
+ <p valign="top">#! /bin/sh</p></td>
2068
+ <td width="77%">
2069
+ </td>
2070
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2071
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2072
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2073
+ <td width="8%">
2074
+
2075
+
2076
+ <p valign="top">case &quot;$1&quot; in</p></td>
2077
+ <td width="77%">
2078
+ </td>
2079
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2080
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2081
+ <td width="7%">
2082
+ </td>
2083
+ <td width="8%">
2084
+
2085
+
2086
+ <p valign="top">*.Z)</p></td>
2087
+ <td width="77%">
2088
+
2089
+
2090
+ <p valign="top">uncompress &minus;c $1 2&gt;/dev/null</p></td>
2091
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2092
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2093
+ <td width="7%">
2094
+ </td>
2095
+ <td width="8%">
2096
+ </td>
2097
+ <td width="77%">
2098
+
2099
+
2100
+ <p valign="top">;;</p></td>
2101
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2102
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2103
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2104
+ <td width="8%">
2105
+
2106
+
2107
+ <p valign="top">esac</p></td>
2108
+ <td width="77%">
2109
+ </td>
2110
+ </table>
2111
+
2112
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To use this
2113
+ script, put it where it can be executed and set
2114
+ LESSOPEN=&quot;|lesspipe.sh %s&quot;. When an input pipe is
2115
+ used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but it is
2116
+ usually not necessary since there is no replacement file to
2117
+ clean up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to
2118
+ the LESSCLOSE postprocessor is &quot;&minus;&quot;.</p>
2119
+
2120
+ <a name="NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS"></a>
2121
+ <h2>NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS</h2>
2122
+
2123
+
2124
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">There are three
2125
+ types of characters in the input file: <br>
2126
+ normal characters</p>
2127
+
2128
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">can be displayed directly to
2129
+ the screen.</p>
2130
+
2131
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">control characters</p>
2132
+
2133
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">should not be displayed
2134
+ directly, but are expected to be found in ordinary text
2135
+ files (such as backspace and tab).</p>
2136
+
2137
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">binary characters</p>
2138
+
2139
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">should not be displayed
2140
+ directly and are not expected to be found in text files.</p>
2141
+
2142
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A
2143
+ &quot;character set&quot; is simply a description of which
2144
+ characters are to be considered normal, control, and binary.
2145
+ The LESSCHARSET environment variable may be used to select a
2146
+ character set. Possible values for LESSCHARSET are:</p>
2147
+
2148
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2149
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2150
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2151
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2152
+ <td width="7%">
2153
+
2154
+
2155
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ascii</p></td>
2156
+ <td width="4%"></td>
2157
+ <td width="78%">
2158
+
2159
+
2160
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">BS, TAB, NL, CR,
2161
+ and formfeed are control characters, all chars with values
2162
+ between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are
2163
+ binary.</p> </td>
2164
+ </table>
2165
+
2166
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">iso8859</p>
2167
+
2168
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects an ISO 8859 character
2169
+ set. This is the same as ASCII, except characters between
2170
+ 160 and 255 are treated as normal characters.</p>
2171
+
2172
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2173
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2174
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2175
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2176
+ <td width="9%">
2177
+
2178
+
2179
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">latin1</p></td>
2180
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2181
+ <td width="72%">
2182
+
2183
+
2184
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
2185
+ iso8859.</p> </td>
2186
+ <td width="6%">
2187
+ </td>
2188
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2189
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2190
+ <td width="9%">
2191
+
2192
+
2193
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">latin9</p></td>
2194
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2195
+ <td width="72%">
2196
+
2197
+
2198
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
2199
+ iso8859.</p> </td>
2200
+ <td width="6%">
2201
+ </td>
2202
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2203
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2204
+ <td width="9%">
2205
+
2206
+
2207
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">dos</p></td>
2208
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2209
+ <td width="72%">
2210
+
2211
+
2212
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a character
2213
+ set appropriate for MS-DOS.</p></td>
2214
+ <td width="6%">
2215
+ </td>
2216
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2217
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2218
+ <td width="9%">
2219
+
2220
+
2221
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">ebcdic</p></td>
2222
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2223
+ <td width="72%">
2224
+
2225
+
2226
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects an EBCDIC
2227
+ character set.</p></td>
2228
+ <td width="6%">
2229
+ </td>
2230
+ </table>
2231
+
2232
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">IBM-1047</p>
2233
+
2234
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects an EBCDIC character set
2235
+ used by OS/390 Unix Services. This is the EBCDIC analogue of
2236
+ latin1. You get similar results by setting either
2237
+ LESSCHARSET=IBM-1047 or LC_CTYPE=en_US in your
2238
+ environment.</p>
2239
+
2240
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2241
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2242
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2243
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2244
+ <td width="9%">
2245
+
2246
+
2247
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">koi8-r</p></td>
2248
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2249
+ <td width="78%">
2250
+
2251
+
2252
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a Russian
2253
+ character set.</p></td>
2254
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2255
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2256
+ <td width="9%">
2257
+
2258
+
2259
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">next</p></td>
2260
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2261
+ <td width="78%">
2262
+
2263
+
2264
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects a character
2265
+ set appropriate for NeXT computers.</p></td>
2266
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2267
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2268
+ <td width="9%">
2269
+
2270
+
2271
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">utf-8</p></td>
2272
+ <td width="2%"></td>
2273
+ <td width="78%">
2274
+
2275
+
2276
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects the UTF-8
2277
+ encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. UTF-8 is special in
2278
+ that it supports multi-byte characters in the input file. It
2279
+ is the only character set that supports multi-byte
2280
+ characters.</p> </td>
2281
+ </table>
2282
+
2283
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">windows</p>
2284
+
2285
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects a character set
2286
+ appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp 1251).</p>
2287
+
2288
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In rare cases,
2289
+ it may be desired to tailor <i>less</i> to use a character
2290
+ set other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this
2291
+ case, the environment variable LESSCHARDEF can be used to
2292
+ define a character set. It should be set to a string where
2293
+ each character in the string represents one character in the
2294
+ character set. The character &quot;.&quot; is used for a
2295
+ normal character, &quot;c&quot; for control, and
2296
+ &quot;b&quot; for binary. A decimal number may be used for
2297
+ repetition. For example, &quot;bccc4b.&quot; would mean
2298
+ character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7
2299
+ are binary, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last
2300
+ are taken to be the same as the last, so characters 9
2301
+ through 255 would be normal. (This is an example, and does
2302
+ not necessarily represent any real character set.)</p>
2303
+
2304
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This table
2305
+ shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each
2306
+ of the possible values for LESSCHARSET:</p>
2307
+
2308
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2309
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2310
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2311
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2312
+ <td width="8%">
2313
+
2314
+
2315
+ <p valign="top">ascii&nbsp;</p></td>
2316
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2317
+ <td width="8%">
2318
+
2319
+
2320
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.b</p></td>
2321
+ <td width="58%">
2322
+ </td>
2323
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2324
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2325
+ <td width="8%">
2326
+
2327
+
2328
+ <p valign="top">dos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td>
2329
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2330
+ <td width="8%">
2331
+
2332
+
2333
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b.</p></td>
2334
+ <td width="58%">
2335
+ </td>
2336
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2337
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2338
+ <td width="8%">
2339
+
2340
+
2341
+ <p valign="top">ebcdic</p></td>
2342
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2343
+ <td width="8%">
2344
+
2345
+
2346
+
2347
+ <p valign="top">5bc6bcc7bcc41b.9b7.9b5.b..8b6.10b6.b9.7b</p> </td>
2348
+ <td width="58%">
2349
+ </td>
2350
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2351
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2352
+ <td width="8%">
2353
+
2354
+
2355
+ <p valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td>
2356
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2357
+ <td width="8%">
2358
+
2359
+
2360
+ <p valign="top">9.8b8.17b3.3b9.7b9.8b8.6b10.b.b.b.</p></td>
2361
+ <td width="58%">
2362
+ </td>
2363
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2364
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2365
+ <td width="8%">
2366
+
2367
+
2368
+ <p valign="top">IBM-1047</p></td>
2369
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2370
+ <td width="8%">
2371
+
2372
+
2373
+
2374
+ <p valign="top">4cbcbc3b9cbccbccbb4c6bcc5b3cbbc4bc4bccbc</p> </td>
2375
+ <td width="58%">
2376
+ </td>
2377
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2378
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2379
+ <td width="8%">
2380
+
2381
+
2382
+ <p valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td>
2383
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2384
+ <td width="8%">
2385
+
2386
+
2387
+ <p valign="top">191.b</p></td>
2388
+ <td width="58%">
2389
+ </td>
2390
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2391
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2392
+ <td width="8%">
2393
+
2394
+
2395
+ <p valign="top">iso8859</p></td>
2396
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2397
+ <td width="8%">
2398
+
2399
+
2400
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.33b.</p></td>
2401
+ <td width="58%">
2402
+ </td>
2403
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2404
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2405
+ <td width="8%">
2406
+
2407
+
2408
+ <p valign="top">koi8-r</p></td>
2409
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2410
+ <td width="8%">
2411
+
2412
+
2413
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.b128.</p></td>
2414
+ <td width="58%">
2415
+ </td>
2416
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2417
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2418
+ <td width="8%">
2419
+
2420
+
2421
+ <p valign="top">latin1</p></td>
2422
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2423
+ <td width="8%">
2424
+
2425
+
2426
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.33b.</p></td>
2427
+ <td width="58%">
2428
+ </td>
2429
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2430
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2431
+ <td width="8%">
2432
+
2433
+
2434
+ <p valign="top">next&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td>
2435
+ <td width="8%"></td>
2436
+ <td width="8%">
2437
+
2438
+
2439
+ <p valign="top">8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb</p></td>
2440
+ <td width="58%">
2441
+ </td>
2442
+ </table>
2443
+
2444
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If neither
2445
+ LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings
2446
+ &quot;UTF-8&quot;, &quot;UTF8&quot;, &quot;utf-8&quot; or
2447
+ &quot;utf8&quot; is found in the LC_ALL, LC_TYPE or LANG
2448
+ environment variables, then the default character set is
2449
+ utf-8.</p>
2450
+
2451
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If that string
2452
+ is not found, but your system supports the <i>setlocale</i>
2453
+ interface, <i>less</i> will use setlocale to determine the
2454
+ character set. setlocale is controlled by setting the LANG
2455
+ or LC_CTYPE environment variables.</p>
2456
+
2457
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Finally, if the
2458
+ <i>setlocale</i> interface is also not available, the
2459
+ default character set is latin1.</p>
2460
+
2461
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Control and
2462
+ binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse video).
2463
+ Each such character is displayed in caret notation if
2464
+ possible (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used
2465
+ only if inverting the 0100 bit results in a normal printable
2466
+ character. Otherwise, the character is displayed as a hex
2467
+ number in angle brackets. This format can be changed by
2468
+ setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT may
2469
+ begin with a &quot;*&quot; and one character to select the
2470
+ display attribute: &quot;*k&quot; is blinking,
2471
+ &quot;*d&quot; is bold, &quot;*u&quot; is underlined,
2472
+ &quot;*s&quot; is standout, and &quot;*n&quot; is normal. If
2473
+ LESSBINFMT does not begin with a &quot;*&quot;, normal
2474
+ attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a
2475
+ string which may include one printf-style escape sequence (a
2476
+ % followed by x, X, o, d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT
2477
+ is &quot;*u[%x]&quot;, binary characters are displayed in
2478
+ underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The default
2479
+ if no LESSBINFMT is specified is &quot;*s&lt;%X&gt;&quot;.
2480
+ The default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is
2481
+ &quot;*s&lt;%02X&gt;&quot;. Warning: the result of expanding
2482
+ the character via LESSBINFMT must be less than 31
2483
+ characters.</p>
2484
+
2485
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When the
2486
+ character set is utf-8, the LESSUTFBINFMT environment
2487
+ variable acts similarly to LESSBINFMT but it applies to
2488
+ Unicode code points that were successfully decoded but are
2489
+ unsuitable for display (e.g., unassigned code points). Its
2490
+ default value is &quot;&lt;U+%04lX&gt;&quot;. Note that
2491
+ LESSUTFBINFMT and LESSBINFMT share their display attribute
2492
+ setting (&quot;*x&quot;) so specifying one will affect both;
2493
+ LESSUTFBINFMT is read after LESSBINFMT so its setting, if
2494
+ any, will have priority. Problematic octets in a UTF-8 file
2495
+ (octets of a truncated sequence, octets of a complete but
2496
+ non-shortest form sequence, illegal octets, and stray
2497
+ trailing octets) are displayed individually using LESSBINFMT
2498
+ so as to facilitate diagnostic of how the UTF-8 file is
2499
+ ill-formed.</p>
2500
+
2501
+ <a name="PROMPTS"></a>
2502
+ <h2>PROMPTS</h2>
2503
+
2504
+
2505
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The &minus;P
2506
+ option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference.
2507
+ The string given to the &minus;P option replaces the
2508
+ specified prompt string. Certain characters in the string
2509
+ are interpreted specially. The prompt mechanism is rather
2510
+ complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordinary user
2511
+ need not understand the details of constructing personalized
2512
+ prompt strings.</p>
2513
+
2514
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A percent sign
2515
+ followed by a single character is expanded according to what
2516
+ the following character is:</p>
2517
+
2518
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2519
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2520
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2521
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2522
+ <td width="4%">
2523
+
2524
+
2525
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%b<i>X</i></p></td>
2526
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2527
+ <td width="78%">
2528
+
2529
+
2530
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2531
+ byte offset into the current input file. The b is followed
2532
+ by a single character (shown as <i>X</i> above) which
2533
+ specifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the
2534
+ character is a &quot;t&quot;, the byte offset of the top
2535
+ line in the display is used, an &quot;m&quot; means use the
2536
+ middle line, a &quot;b&quot; means use the bottom line, a
2537
+ &quot;B&quot; means use the line just after the bottom line,
2538
+ and a &quot;j&quot; means use the &quot;target&quot; line,
2539
+ as specified by the &minus;j option.</p></td>
2540
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2541
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2542
+ <td width="4%">
2543
+
2544
+
2545
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%B</p></td>
2546
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2547
+ <td width="78%">
2548
+
2549
+
2550
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2551
+ size of the current input file.</p></td>
2552
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2553
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2554
+ <td width="4%">
2555
+
2556
+
2557
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%c</p></td>
2558
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2559
+ <td width="78%">
2560
+
2561
+
2562
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2563
+ column number of the text appearing in the first column of
2564
+ the screen.</p></td>
2565
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2566
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2567
+ <td width="4%">
2568
+
2569
+
2570
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%d<i>X</i></p></td>
2571
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2572
+ <td width="78%">
2573
+
2574
+
2575
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2576
+ page number of a line in the input file. The line to be used
2577
+ is determined by the <i>X</i>, as with the %b option.</p></td>
2578
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2579
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2580
+ <td width="4%">
2581
+
2582
+
2583
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%D</p></td>
2584
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2585
+ <td width="78%">
2586
+
2587
+
2588
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2589
+ number of pages in the input file, or equivalently, the page
2590
+ number of the last line in the input file.</p></td>
2591
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2592
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2593
+ <td width="4%">
2594
+
2595
+
2596
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%E</p></td>
2597
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2598
+ <td width="78%">
2599
+
2600
+
2601
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2602
+ name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment variable, or
2603
+ the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined).
2604
+ See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below.</p></td>
2605
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2606
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2607
+ <td width="4%">
2608
+
2609
+
2610
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%f</p></td>
2611
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2612
+ <td width="78%">
2613
+
2614
+
2615
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2616
+ name of the current input file.</p></td>
2617
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2618
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2619
+ <td width="4%">
2620
+
2621
+
2622
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%i</p></td>
2623
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2624
+ <td width="78%">
2625
+
2626
+
2627
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2628
+ index of the current file in the list of input files.</p></td>
2629
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2630
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2631
+ <td width="4%">
2632
+
2633
+
2634
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%l<i>X</i></p></td>
2635
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2636
+ <td width="78%">
2637
+
2638
+
2639
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2640
+ line number of a line in the input file. The line to be used
2641
+ is determined by the <i>X</i>, as with the %b option.</p></td>
2642
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2643
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2644
+ <td width="4%">
2645
+
2646
+
2647
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%L</p></td>
2648
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2649
+ <td width="78%">
2650
+
2651
+
2652
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2653
+ line number of the last line in the input file.</p></td>
2654
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2655
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2656
+ <td width="4%">
2657
+
2658
+
2659
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%m</p></td>
2660
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2661
+ <td width="78%">
2662
+
2663
+
2664
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2665
+ total number of input files.</p></td>
2666
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2667
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2668
+ <td width="4%">
2669
+
2670
+
2671
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%p<i>X</i></p></td>
2672
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2673
+ <td width="78%">
2674
+
2675
+
2676
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2677
+ percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets.
2678
+ The line used is determined by the <i>X</i> as with the %b
2679
+ option.</p> </td>
2680
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2681
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2682
+ <td width="4%">
2683
+
2684
+
2685
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%P<i>X</i></p></td>
2686
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2687
+ <td width="78%">
2688
+
2689
+
2690
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2691
+ percent into the current input file, based on line numbers.
2692
+ The line used is determined by the <i>X</i> as with the %b
2693
+ option.</p> </td>
2694
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2695
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2696
+ <td width="4%">
2697
+
2698
+
2699
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%s</p></td>
2700
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2701
+ <td width="78%">
2702
+
2703
+
2704
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as %B.</p></td>
2705
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2706
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2707
+ <td width="4%">
2708
+
2709
+
2710
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%t</p></td>
2711
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2712
+ <td width="78%">
2713
+
2714
+
2715
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Causes any trailing
2716
+ spaces to be removed. Usually used at the end of the string,
2717
+ but may appear anywhere.</p></td>
2718
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2719
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2720
+ <td width="4%">
2721
+
2722
+
2723
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">%x</p></td>
2724
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2725
+ <td width="78%">
2726
+
2727
+
2728
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Replaced by the
2729
+ name of the next input file in the list.</p></td>
2730
+ </table>
2731
+
2732
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If any item is
2733
+ unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe), a
2734
+ question mark is printed instead.</p>
2735
+
2736
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The format of
2737
+ the prompt string can be changed depending on certain
2738
+ conditions. A question mark followed by a single character
2739
+ acts like an &quot;IF&quot;: depending on the following
2740
+ character, a condition is evaluated. If the condition is
2741
+ true, any characters following the question mark and
2742
+ condition character, up to a period, are included in the
2743
+ prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not
2744
+ included. A colon appearing between the question mark and
2745
+ the period can be used to establish an &quot;ELSE&quot;: any
2746
+ characters between the colon and the period are included in
2747
+ the string if and only if the IF condition is false.
2748
+ Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may
2749
+ be:</p>
2750
+
2751
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2752
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2753
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2754
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2755
+ <td width="4%">
2756
+
2757
+
2758
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?a</p></td>
2759
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2760
+ <td width="78%">
2761
+
2762
+
2763
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if any
2764
+ characters have been included in the prompt so far.</p></td>
2765
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2766
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2767
+ <td width="4%">
2768
+
2769
+
2770
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?b<i>X</i></p></td>
2771
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2772
+ <td width="78%">
2773
+
2774
+
2775
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the byte
2776
+ offset of the specified line is known.</p></td>
2777
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2778
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2779
+ <td width="4%">
2780
+
2781
+
2782
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?B</p></td>
2783
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2784
+ <td width="78%">
2785
+
2786
+
2787
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the size of
2788
+ current input file is known.</p></td>
2789
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2790
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2791
+ <td width="4%">
2792
+
2793
+
2794
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?c</p></td>
2795
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2796
+ <td width="78%">
2797
+
2798
+
2799
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the text is
2800
+ horizontally shifted (%c is not zero).</p></td>
2801
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2802
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2803
+ <td width="4%">
2804
+
2805
+
2806
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?d<i>X</i></p></td>
2807
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2808
+ <td width="78%">
2809
+
2810
+
2811
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the page
2812
+ number of the specified line is known.</p></td>
2813
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2814
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2815
+ <td width="4%">
2816
+
2817
+
2818
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?e</p></td>
2819
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2820
+ <td width="78%">
2821
+
2822
+
2823
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if at
2824
+ end-of-file.</p> </td>
2825
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2826
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2827
+ <td width="4%">
2828
+
2829
+
2830
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?f</p></td>
2831
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2832
+ <td width="78%">
2833
+
2834
+
2835
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is an
2836
+ input filename (that is, if input is not a pipe).</p></td>
2837
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2838
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2839
+ <td width="4%">
2840
+
2841
+
2842
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?l<i>X</i></p></td>
2843
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2844
+ <td width="78%">
2845
+
2846
+
2847
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the line
2848
+ number of the specified line is known.</p></td>
2849
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2850
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2851
+ <td width="4%">
2852
+
2853
+
2854
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?L</p></td>
2855
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2856
+ <td width="78%">
2857
+
2858
+
2859
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the line
2860
+ number of the last line in the file is known.</p></td>
2861
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2862
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2863
+ <td width="4%">
2864
+
2865
+
2866
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?m</p></td>
2867
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2868
+ <td width="78%">
2869
+
2870
+
2871
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is
2872
+ more than one input file.</p></td>
2873
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2874
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2875
+ <td width="4%">
2876
+
2877
+
2878
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?n</p></td>
2879
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2880
+ <td width="78%">
2881
+
2882
+
2883
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if this is the
2884
+ first prompt in a new input file.</p></td>
2885
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2886
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2887
+ <td width="4%">
2888
+
2889
+
2890
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?p<i>X</i></p></td>
2891
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2892
+ <td width="78%">
2893
+
2894
+
2895
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the percent
2896
+ into the current input file, based on byte offsets, of the
2897
+ specified line is known.</p></td>
2898
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2899
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2900
+ <td width="4%">
2901
+
2902
+
2903
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?P<i>X</i></p></td>
2904
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2905
+ <td width="78%">
2906
+
2907
+
2908
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if the percent
2909
+ into the current input file, based on line numbers, of the
2910
+ specified line is known.</p></td>
2911
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2912
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2913
+ <td width="4%">
2914
+
2915
+
2916
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?s</p></td>
2917
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2918
+ <td width="78%">
2919
+
2920
+
2921
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Same as
2922
+ &quot;?B&quot;.</p> </td>
2923
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2924
+ <td width="11%"></td>
2925
+ <td width="4%">
2926
+
2927
+
2928
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">?x</p></td>
2929
+ <td width="7%"></td>
2930
+ <td width="78%">
2931
+
2932
+
2933
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">True if there is a
2934
+ next input file (that is, if the current input file is not
2935
+ the last one).</p></td>
2936
+ </table>
2937
+
2938
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Any characters
2939
+ other than the special ones (question mark, colon, period,
2940
+ percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt.
2941
+ Any of the special characters may be included in the prompt
2942
+ literally by preceding it with a backslash.</p>
2943
+
2944
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Some
2945
+ examples:</p>
2946
+
2947
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f:Standard
2948
+ input.</p>
2949
+
2950
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prompt
2951
+ prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string
2952
+ &quot;Standard input&quot;.</p>
2953
+
2954
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f .?ltLine
2955
+ %lt:?pt%pt\%:?btByte %bt:-...</p>
2956
+
2957
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prompt
2958
+ would print the filename, if known. The filename is followed
2959
+ by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if
2960
+ known, otherwise the byte offset if known. Otherwise, a dash
2961
+ is printed. Notice how each question mark has a matching
2962
+ period, and how the % after the %pt is included literally by
2963
+ escaping it with a backslash.</p>
2964
+
2965
+
2966
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?n?f%f&nbsp;.?m(file&nbsp;%i&nbsp;of&nbsp;%m)&nbsp;..?e(END)&nbsp;?x-&nbsp;Next\:&nbsp;%x..%t</p>
2967
+
2968
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This prints the
2969
+ filename if this is the first prompt in a file, followed by
2970
+ the &quot;file N of N&quot; message if there is more than
2971
+ one input file. Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string
2972
+ &quot;(END)&quot; is printed followed by the name of the
2973
+ next file, if there is one. Finally, any trailing spaces are
2974
+ truncated. This is the default prompt. For reference, here
2975
+ are the defaults for the other two prompts (&minus;m and
2976
+ &minus;M respectively). Each is broken into two lines here
2977
+ for readability only.</p>
2978
+
2979
+
2980
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?n?f%f&nbsp;.?m(file&nbsp;%i&nbsp;of&nbsp;%m)&nbsp;..?e(END)&nbsp;?x-&nbsp;Next\:&nbsp;%x.:</p>
2981
+
2982
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2983
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2984
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2985
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2986
+ <td width="82%">
2987
+
2988
+
2989
+ <p valign="top">?pB%pB\%:byte&nbsp;%bB?s/%s...%t</p></td>
2990
+ </table>
2991
+
2992
+
2993
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f&nbsp;.?n?m(file&nbsp;%i&nbsp;of&nbsp;%m)&nbsp;..?ltlines&nbsp;%lt-%lb?L/%L.&nbsp;:</p>
2994
+
2995
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
2996
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
2997
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
2998
+ <td width="18%"></td>
2999
+ <td width="82%">
3000
+
3001
+
3002
+
3003
+ <p valign="top">byte&nbsp;%bB?s/%s.&nbsp;.?e(END)&nbsp;?x-&nbsp;Next\:&nbsp;%x.:?pB%pB\%..%t</p> </td>
3004
+ </table>
3005
+
3006
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">And here is the
3007
+ default message produced by the = command:</p>
3008
+
3009
+
3010
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">?f%f&nbsp;.?m(file&nbsp;%i&nbsp;of&nbsp;%m)&nbsp;.?ltlines&nbsp;%lt-%lb?L/%L.&nbsp;.</p>
3011
+
3012
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3013
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3014
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3015
+ <td width="18%"></td>
3016
+ <td width="82%">
3017
+
3018
+
3019
+
3020
+ <p valign="top">byte&nbsp;%bB?s/%s.&nbsp;?e(END)&nbsp;:?pB%pB\%..%t</p> </td>
3021
+ </table>
3022
+
3023
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The prompt
3024
+ expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an
3025
+ environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the
3026
+ command to be executed when the v command is invoked. The
3027
+ LESSEDIT string is expanded in the same way as the prompt
3028
+ strings. The default value for LESSEDIT is:</p>
3029
+
3030
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3031
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3032
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3033
+ <td width="18%"></td>
3034
+ <td width="82%">
3035
+
3036
+
3037
+ <p valign="top">%E&nbsp;?lm+%lm.&nbsp;%f</p></td>
3038
+ </table>
3039
+
3040
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Note that this
3041
+ expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the line
3042
+ number, followed by the file name. If your editor does not
3043
+ accept the &quot;+linenumber&quot; syntax, or has other
3044
+ differences in invocation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can
3045
+ be changed to modify this default.</p>
3046
+
3047
+ <a name="SECURITY"></a>
3048
+ <h2>SECURITY</h2>
3049
+
3050
+
3051
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When the
3052
+ environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, <i>less</i>
3053
+ runs in a &quot;secure&quot; mode. This means these features
3054
+ are disabled:</p>
3055
+
3056
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3057
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3058
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3059
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3060
+ <td width="7%">
3061
+
3062
+
3063
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">!</p></td>
3064
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3065
+ <td width="31%">
3066
+
3067
+
3068
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the shell
3069
+ command</p> </td>
3070
+ <td width="37%">
3071
+ </td>
3072
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3073
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3074
+ <td width="7%">
3075
+
3076
+
3077
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">|</p></td>
3078
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3079
+ <td width="31%">
3080
+
3081
+
3082
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the pipe
3083
+ command</p> </td>
3084
+ <td width="37%">
3085
+ </td>
3086
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3087
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3088
+ <td width="7%">
3089
+
3090
+
3091
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">:e</p></td>
3092
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3093
+ <td width="31%">
3094
+
3095
+
3096
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the examine
3097
+ command.</p> </td>
3098
+ <td width="37%">
3099
+ </td>
3100
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3101
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3102
+ <td width="7%">
3103
+
3104
+
3105
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">v</p></td>
3106
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3107
+ <td width="31%">
3108
+
3109
+
3110
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">the editing
3111
+ command</p> </td>
3112
+ <td width="37%">
3113
+ </td>
3114
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3115
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3116
+ <td width="7%">
3117
+
3118
+
3119
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">s &minus;o</p></td>
3120
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3121
+ <td width="31%">
3122
+
3123
+
3124
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">log files</p></td>
3125
+ <td width="37%">
3126
+ </td>
3127
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3128
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3129
+ <td width="7%">
3130
+
3131
+
3132
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;k</p></td>
3133
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3134
+ <td width="31%">
3135
+
3136
+
3137
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">use of lesskey
3138
+ files</p> </td>
3139
+ <td width="37%">
3140
+ </td>
3141
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3142
+ <td width="22%"></td>
3143
+ <td width="7%">
3144
+
3145
+
3146
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">&minus;t</p></td>
3147
+ <td width="3%"></td>
3148
+ <td width="31%">
3149
+
3150
+
3151
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">use of tags
3152
+ files</p> </td>
3153
+ <td width="37%">
3154
+ </td>
3155
+ </table>
3156
+
3157
+ <p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">metacharacters
3158
+ in filenames, such as *</p>
3159
+
3160
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3161
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3162
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3163
+ <td width="32%"></td>
3164
+ <td width="45%"></td>
3165
+ <td width="23%">
3166
+ </td>
3167
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3168
+ <td width="32%"></td>
3169
+ <td width="45%">
3170
+
3171
+
3172
+ <p valign="top">filename completion (TAB, ^L)</p></td>
3173
+ <td width="23%">
3174
+ </td>
3175
+ </table>
3176
+
3177
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Less can also
3178
+ be compiled to be permanently in &quot;secure&quot;
3179
+ mode.</p>
3180
+
3181
+ <a name="COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE"></a>
3182
+ <h2>COMPATIBILITY WITH MORE</h2>
3183
+
3184
+
3185
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the
3186
+ environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is set to 1, or if the
3187
+ program is invoked via a file link named &quot;more&quot;,
3188
+ <i>less</i> behaves (mostly) in conformance with the POSIX
3189
+ &quot;more&quot; command specification. In this mode, less
3190
+ behaves differently in these ways:</p>
3191
+
3192
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The &minus;e
3193
+ option works differently. If the &minus;e option is not set,
3194
+ <i>less</i> behaves as if the &minus;E option were set. If
3195
+ the &minus;e option is set, <i>less</i> behaves as if the
3196
+ &minus;e and &minus;F options were set.</p>
3197
+
3198
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The &minus;m
3199
+ option works differently. If the &minus;m option is not set,
3200
+ the medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the
3201
+ string &quot;--More--&quot;. If the &minus;m option is set,
3202
+ the short prompt is used.</p>
3203
+
3204
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The &minus;n
3205
+ option acts like the &minus;z option. The normal behavior of
3206
+ the &minus;n option is unavailable in this mode.</p>
3207
+
3208
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The parameter
3209
+ to the &minus;p option is taken to be a <i>less</i> command
3210
+ rather than a search pattern.</p>
3211
+
3212
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The LESS
3213
+ environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment
3214
+ variable is used in its place.</p>
3215
+
3216
+ <a name="ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"></a>
3217
+ <h2>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h2>
3218
+
3219
+
3220
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Environment
3221
+ variables may be specified either in the system environment
3222
+ as usual, or in a <i>lesskey</i> (1) file. If environment
3223
+ variables are defined in more than one place, variables
3224
+ defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over
3225
+ variables defined in the system environment, which take
3226
+ precedence over variables defined in the system-wide lesskey
3227
+ file. <br>
3228
+ COLUMNS</p>
3229
+
3230
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Sets the number of columns on
3231
+ the screen. Takes precedence over the number of columns
3232
+ specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing
3233
+ system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the window
3234
+ system&rsquo;s idea of the screen size takes precedence over
3235
+ the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.)</p>
3236
+
3237
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3238
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3239
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3240
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3241
+ <td width="9%">
3242
+
3243
+
3244
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">EDITOR</p></td>
3245
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3246
+ <td width="78%">
3247
+
3248
+
3249
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The name of the
3250
+ editor (used for the v command).</p></td>
3251
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3252
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3253
+ <td width="9%">
3254
+
3255
+
3256
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">HOME</p></td>
3257
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3258
+ <td width="78%">
3259
+
3260
+
3261
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Name of the
3262
+ user&rsquo;s home directory (used to find a lesskey file on
3263
+ Unix and OS/2 systems).</p></td>
3264
+ </table>
3265
+
3266
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH</p>
3267
+
3268
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE
3269
+ and HOMEPATH environment variables is the name of the
3270
+ user&rsquo;s home directory if the HOME variable is not set
3271
+ (only in the Windows version).</p>
3272
+
3273
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3274
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3275
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3276
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3277
+ <td width="6%">
3278
+
3279
+
3280
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">INIT</p></td>
3281
+ <td width="5%"></td>
3282
+ <td width="78%">
3283
+
3284
+
3285
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Name of the
3286
+ user&rsquo;s init directory (used to find a lesskey file on
3287
+ OS/2 systems).</p></td>
3288
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3289
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3290
+ <td width="6%">
3291
+
3292
+
3293
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LANG</p></td>
3294
+ <td width="5%"></td>
3295
+ <td width="78%">
3296
+
3297
+
3298
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Language for
3299
+ determining the character set.</p></td>
3300
+ </table>
3301
+
3302
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LC_CTYPE</p>
3303
+
3304
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Language for determining the
3305
+ character set.</p>
3306
+
3307
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3308
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3309
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3310
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3311
+ <td width="6%">
3312
+
3313
+
3314
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LESS</p></td>
3315
+ <td width="5%"></td>
3316
+ <td width="72%">
3317
+
3318
+
3319
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Options which are
3320
+ passed to <i>less</i> automatically.</p></td>
3321
+ <td width="6%">
3322
+ </td>
3323
+ </table>
3324
+
3325
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSANSIENDCHARS</p>
3326
+
3327
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Characters which may end an
3328
+ ANSI color escape sequence (default &quot;m&quot;).</p>
3329
+
3330
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSANSIMIDCHARS</p>
3331
+
3332
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Characters which may appear
3333
+ between the ESC character and the end character in an ANSI
3334
+ color escape sequence (default
3335
+ &quot;0123456789;[?!&quot;&rsquo;#%()*+&nbsp;&quot;.</p>
3336
+
3337
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSBINFMT</p>
3338
+
3339
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Format for displaying
3340
+ non-printable, non-control characters.</p>
3341
+
3342
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCHARDEF</p>
3343
+
3344
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Defines a character set.</p>
3345
+
3346
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCHARSET</p>
3347
+
3348
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Selects a predefined character
3349
+ set.</p>
3350
+
3351
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSCLOSE</p>
3352
+
3353
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Command line to invoke the
3354
+ (optional) input-postprocessor.</p>
3355
+
3356
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSECHO</p>
3357
+
3358
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the lessecho program
3359
+ (default &quot;lessecho&quot;). The lessecho program is
3360
+ needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in
3361
+ filenames on Unix systems.</p>
3362
+
3363
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSEDIT</p>
3364
+
3365
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Editor prototype string (used
3366
+ for the v command). See discussion under PROMPTS.</p>
3367
+
3368
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSGLOBALTAGS</p>
3369
+
3370
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the command used by the
3371
+ &minus;t option to find global tags. Normally should be set
3372
+ to &quot;global&quot; if your system has the <i>global</i>
3373
+ (1) command. If not set, global tags are not used.</p>
3374
+
3375
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSHISTFILE</p>
3376
+
3377
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the history file used
3378
+ to remember search commands and shell commands between
3379
+ invocations of <i>less.</i> If set to &quot;&minus;&quot; or
3380
+ &quot;/dev/null&quot;, a history file is not used. The
3381
+ default is &quot;$HOME/.lesshst&quot; on Unix systems,
3382
+ &quot;$HOME/_lesshst&quot; on DOS and Windows systems, or
3383
+ &quot;$HOME/lesshst.ini&quot; or
3384
+ &quot;$INIT/lesshst.ini&quot; on OS/2 systems.</p>
3385
+
3386
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSHISTSIZE</p>
3387
+
3388
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">The maximum number of commands
3389
+ to save in the history file. The default is 100.</p>
3390
+
3391
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSKEY</p>
3392
+
3393
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the default lesskey(1)
3394
+ file.</p>
3395
+
3396
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSKEY_SYSTEM</p>
3397
+
3398
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Name of the default system-wide
3399
+ lesskey(1) file.</p>
3400
+
3401
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSMETACHARS</p>
3402
+
3403
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">List of characters which are
3404
+ considered &quot;metacharacters&quot; by the shell.</p>
3405
+
3406
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSMETAESCAPE</p>
3407
+
3408
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Prefix which less will add
3409
+ before each metacharacter in a command sent to the shell. If
3410
+ LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, commands containing
3411
+ metacharacters will not be passed to the shell.</p>
3412
+
3413
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSOPEN</p>
3414
+
3415
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Command line to invoke the
3416
+ (optional) input-preprocessor.</p>
3417
+
3418
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSSECURE</p>
3419
+
3420
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Runs less in &quot;secure&quot;
3421
+ mode. See discussion under SECURITY.</p>
3422
+
3423
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSSEPARATOR</p>
3424
+
3425
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">String to be appended to a
3426
+ directory name in filename completion.</p>
3427
+
3428
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESSUTFBINFMT</p>
3429
+
3430
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Format for displaying
3431
+ non-printable Unicode code points.</p>
3432
+
3433
+ <p style="margin-left:11%;">LESS_IS_MORE</p>
3434
+
3435
+ <p style="margin-left:22%;">Emulate the <i>more</i> (1)
3436
+ command.</p>
3437
+
3438
+ <table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
3439
+ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
3440
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3441
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3442
+ <td width="9%">
3443
+
3444
+
3445
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">LINES</p></td>
3446
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3447
+ <td width="78%">
3448
+
3449
+
3450
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Sets the number of
3451
+ lines on the screen. Takes precedence over the number of
3452
+ lines specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a
3453
+ windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the
3454
+ window system&rsquo;s idea of the screen size takes
3455
+ precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment
3456
+ variables.)</p> </td>
3457
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3458
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3459
+ <td width="9%">
3460
+
3461
+
3462
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">PATH</p></td>
3463
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3464
+ <td width="78%">
3465
+
3466
+
3467
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">User&rsquo;s search
3468
+ path (used to find a lesskey file on MS-DOS and OS/2
3469
+ systems).</p> </td>
3470
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3471
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3472
+ <td width="9%">
3473
+
3474
+
3475
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">SHELL</p></td>
3476
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3477
+ <td width="78%">
3478
+
3479
+
3480
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The shell used to
3481
+ execute the ! command, as well as to expand filenames.</p></td>
3482
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3483
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3484
+ <td width="9%">
3485
+
3486
+
3487
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">TERM</p></td>
3488
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3489
+ <td width="78%">
3490
+
3491
+
3492
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The type of
3493
+ terminal on which <i>less</i> is being run.</p></td>
3494
+ <tr valign="top" align="left">
3495
+ <td width="11%"></td>
3496
+ <td width="9%">
3497
+
3498
+
3499
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">VISUAL</p></td>
3500
+ <td width="2%"></td>
3501
+ <td width="78%">
3502
+
3503
+
3504
+ <p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The name of the
3505
+ editor (used for the v command).</p></td>
3506
+ </table>
3507
+
3508
+ <a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
3509
+ <h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
3510
+
3511
+
3512
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">lesskey(1)</p>
3513
+
3514
+ <a name="COPYRIGHT"></a>
3515
+ <h2>COPYRIGHT</h2>
3516
+
3517
+
3518
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Copyright (C)
3519
+ 1984-2007 Mark Nudelman</p>
3520
+
3521
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less is part of
3522
+ the GNU project and is free software. You can redistribute
3523
+ it and/or modify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU
3524
+ General Public License as published by the Free Software
3525
+ Foundation; or (2) the Less License. See the file README in
3526
+ the less distribution for more details regarding
3527
+ redistribution. You should have received a copy of the GNU
3528
+ General Public License along with the source for less; see
3529
+ the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
3530
+ Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
3531
+ 02111-1307, USA. You should also have received a copy of the
3532
+ Less License; see the file LICENSE.</p>
3533
+
3534
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">less is
3535
+ distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
3536
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
3537
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
3538
+ GNU General Public License for more details.</p>
3539
+
3540
+ <a name="AUTHOR"></a>
3541
+ <h2>AUTHOR</h2>
3542
+
3543
+
3544
+ <p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Mark Nudelman
3545
+ &lt;markn@greenwoodsoftware.com&gt; <br>
3546
+ See http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/bugs.html for the
3547
+ latest list of known bugs in less. <br>
3548
+ Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to <br>
3549
+ bug-less@gnu.org. <br>
3550
+ For more information, see the less homepage at <br>
3551
+ http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less.</p>
3552
+ <hr>
3553
+ </body>
3554
+ </html>