manbook 0.0.1
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- data/.document +5 -0
- data/Gemfile +15 -0
- data/Gemfile.lock +25 -0
- data/LICENSE.txt +20 -0
- data/README.md +105 -0
- data/Rakefile +46 -0
- data/TODO +2 -0
- data/VERSION +1 -0
- data/bin/manbook +89 -0
- data/bin/mktoc +157 -0
- data/lib/manbook.rb +30 -0
- data/lib/manbook/errors.rb +22 -0
- data/lib/manbook/formatter.rb +27 -0
- data/lib/manbook/html_formatter.rb +17 -0
- data/lib/manbook/log_formatter.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/manbook/parser.rb +32 -0
- data/templates/_page.html.erb +1 -0
- data/templates/about.html.erb +6 -0
- data/templates/application.html.erb +23 -0
- data/templates/index.html.erb +4 -0
- data/templates/library_books.jpg +0 -0
- data/templates/manbook.ncx.erb +28 -0
- data/templates/manbook.opf.erb +35 -0
- data/test/fixtures/bash.html +11352 -0
- data/test/fixtures/cat.html +195 -0
- data/test/fixtures/git.html +1882 -0
- data/test/fixtures/gunzip.html +595 -0
- data/test/fixtures/less.html +3554 -0
- data/test/fixtures/ls.html +818 -0
- data/test/fixtures/man.html +649 -0
- data/test/helper.rb +42 -0
- data/test/unit/test_manbook.rb +39 -0
- data/test/unit/test_mktoc.rb +215 -0
- metadata +189 -0
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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.19.2 -->
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<!-- CreationDate: Tue Nov 29 21:01:37 2011 -->
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
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p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
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</style>
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<title>GZIP</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 align=center>GZIP</h1>
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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
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<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
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<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
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<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
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<a href="#ADVANCED USAGE">ADVANCED USAGE</a><br>
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<a href="#ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a><br>
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<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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<a href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a><br>
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<a href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a><br>
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<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
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<a href="#COPYRIGHT NOTICE">COPYRIGHT NOTICE</a><br>
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<hr>
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<a name="NAME"></a>
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<h2>NAME</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gzip, gunzip,
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zcat − compress or expand files</p>
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<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
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<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gzip</b> [
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<b>−acdfhlLnNrtvV19</b> ]
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[<b>−S suffix</b>] [ <i>name ...</i> ] <b><br>
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gunzip</b> [ <b>−acfhlLnNrtvV</b> ]
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[<b>−S suffix</b>] [ <i>name ...</i> ] <b><br>
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zcat</b> [ <b>−fhLV</b> ] [ <i>name ...</i> ]</p>
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<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
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<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Gzip</i>
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reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding
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(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with
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the extension <b>.gz,</b> while keeping the same ownership
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modes, access and modification times. (The default extension
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is <b>−gz</b> for VMS, <b>z</b> for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT,
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Windows NT FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified, or if
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a file name is "-", the standard input is
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compressed to the standard output. <i>Gzip</i> will only
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attempt to compress regular files. In particular, it will
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ignore symbolic links.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the
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compressed file name is too long for its file system,
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<i>gzip</i> truncates it. <i>Gzip</i> attempts to truncate
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only the parts of the file name longer than 3 characters. (A
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part is delimited by dots.) If the name consists of small
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parts only, the longest parts are truncated. For example, if
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file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe is
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compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on
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systems which do not have a limit on file name length.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">By default,
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<i>gzip</i> keeps the original file name and timestamp in
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the compressed file. These are used when decompressing the
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file with the <b>−N</b> option. This is useful when
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the compressed file name was truncated or when the time
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stamp was not preserved after a file transfer.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Compressed
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files can be restored to their original form using <i>gzip
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-d</i> or <i>gunzip</i> or <i>zcat.</i> If the original name
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saved in the compressed file is not suitable for its file
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system, a new name is constructed from the original one to
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make it legal.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>gunzip</i>
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takes a list of files on its command line and replaces each
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file whose name ends with .gz, -gz, .z, -z, _z or .Z and
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which begins with the correct magic number with an
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uncompressed file without the original extension.
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<i>gunzip</i> also recognizes the special extensions
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<b>.tgz</b> and <b>.taz</b> as shorthands for <b>.tar.gz</b>
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and <b>.tar.Z</b> respectively. When compressing,
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<i>gzip</i> uses the <b>.tgz</b> extension if necessary
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instead of truncating a file with a <b>.tar</b>
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extension.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>gunzip</i>
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can currently decompress files created by <i>gzip, zip,
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compress, compress -H</i> or <i>pack.</i> The detection of
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the input format is automatic. When using the first two
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formats, <i>gunzip</i> checks a 32 bit CRC. For <i>pack,
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gunzip</i> checks the uncompressed length. The standard
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<i>compress</i> format was not designed to allow consistency
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checks. However <i>gunzip</i> is sometimes able to detect a
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bad .Z file. If you get an error when uncompressing a .Z
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file, do not assume that the .Z file is correct simply
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because the standard <i>uncompress</i> does not complain.
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This generally means that the standard <i>uncompress</i>
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does not check its input, and happily generates garbage
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output. The SCO compress -H format (lzh compression method)
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does not include a CRC but also allows some consistency
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checks.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Files created
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by <i>zip</i> can be uncompressed by gzip only if they have
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a single member compressed with the ’deflation’
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method. This feature is only intended to help conversion of
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tar.zip files to the tar.gz format. To extract a <i>zip</i>
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file with a single member, use a command like <i>gunzip
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<foo.zip</i> or <i>gunzip -S .zip foo.zip</i>. To extract
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zip files with several members, use <i>unzip</i> instead of
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<i>gunzip.</i></p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>zcat</i> is
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identical to <i>gunzip</i> <b>−c.</b> (On some
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systems, <i>zcat</i> may be installed as <i>gzcat</i> to
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preserve the original link to <i>compress.) zcat</i>
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uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or
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its standard input and writes the uncompressed data on
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standard output. <i>zcat</i> will uncompress files that have
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the correct magic number whether they have a <b>.gz</b>
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suffix or not. In POSIX mode zcat will append <b>.Z</b> to
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all filenames that do not have that suffix.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Gzip</i>
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uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in <i>zip</i> and PKZIP.
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The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of
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the input and the distribution of common substrings.
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Typically, text such as source code or English is reduced by
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60−70%. Compression is generally much better than that
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achieved by LZW (as used in <i>compress</i>), Huffman coding
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(as used in <i>pack</i>), or adaptive Huffman coding
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(<i>compact</i>).</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Compression is
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always performed, even if the compressed file is slightly
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larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few
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bytes for the gzip file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K
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block, or an expansion ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note
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that the actual number of used disk blocks almost never
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increases. <i>gzip</i> preserves the mode, ownership and
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timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The <i>gzip</i>
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file format is specified in P. Deutsch, <small>GZIP</small>
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file format specification version 4.3,
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<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1952.txt>, Internet RFC
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1952 (May 1996). The <i>zip</i> deflation format is
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specified in P. Deutsch, <small>DEFLATE</small> Compressed
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Data Format Specification version 1.3,
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<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1951.txt>, Internet RFC
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1951 (May 1996).</p>
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<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
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<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>−a
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--ascii</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Ascii text mode: convert
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end-of-lines using local conventions. This option is
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supported only on some non-Unix systems. For MSDOS, CR LF is
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converted to LF when compressing, and LF is converted to CR
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LF when decompressing.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−c --stdout
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--to-stdout</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write output on standard
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output; keep original files unchanged. If there are several
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input files, the output consists of a sequence of
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independently compressed members. To obtain better
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compression, concatenate all input files before compressing
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them.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−d --decompress
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--uncompress</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Decompress.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−f --force</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Force compression or
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decompression even if the file has multiple links or the
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corresponding file already exists, or if the compressed data
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is read from or written to a terminal. If the input data is
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not in a format recognized by <i>gzip,</i> and if the option
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--stdout is also given, copy the input data without change
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to the standard output: let <i>zcat</i> behave as
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<i>cat.</i> If <b>−f</b> is not given, and when not
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running in the background, <i>gzip</i> prompts to verify
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whether an existing file should be overwritten.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−h --help</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Display a help screen and
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quit.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">For each compressed file, list
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the following fields:</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">compressed
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size: size of the compressed file <br>
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uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file <br>
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ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown) <br>
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uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file</p>
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uncompressed size is given as -1 for files not in gzip
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format, such as compressed .Z files. To get the uncompressed
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size for such a file, you can use:</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">zcat file.Z |
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wc -c</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">In combination
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with the --verbose option, the following fields are also
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displayed:</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">method:
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compression method <br>
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crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data <br>
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date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The compression
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methods currently supported are deflate, compress, lzh (SCO
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compress -H) and pack. The crc is given as ffffffff for a
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file not in gzip format.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">With --name,
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the uncompressed name, date and time are those stored within
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the compress file if present.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">With --verbose,
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the size totals and compression ratio for all files is also
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displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With --quiet, the
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title and totals lines are not displayed.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−L --license</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Display the <i>gzip</i> license
|
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|
+
and quit.</p>
|
|
266
|
+
|
|
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|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−n --no-name</b></p>
|
|
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|
+
|
|
269
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">When compressing, do not save
|
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|
+
the original file name and time stamp by default. (The
|
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|
+
original name is always saved if the name had to be
|
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|
+
truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the original
|
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273
|
+
file name if present (remove only the <i>gzip</i> suffix
|
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|
+
from the compressed file name) and do not restore the
|
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|
+
original time stamp if present (copy it from the compressed
|
|
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|
+
file). This option is the default when decompressing.</p>
|
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|
+
|
|
278
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−N --name</b></p>
|
|
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|
+
|
|
280
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">When compressing, always save
|
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|
+
the original file name and time stamp; this is the default.
|
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|
+
When decompressing, restore the original file name and time
|
|
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|
+
stamp if present. This option is useful on systems which
|
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|
+
have a limit on file name length or when the time stamp has
|
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|
+
been lost after a file transfer.</p>
|
|
286
|
+
|
|
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|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−q --quiet</b></p>
|
|
288
|
+
|
|
289
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Suppress all warnings.</p>
|
|
290
|
+
|
|
291
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−r --recursive</b></p>
|
|
292
|
+
|
|
293
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Travel the directory structure
|
|
294
|
+
recursively. If any of the file names specified on the
|
|
295
|
+
command line are directories, <i>gzip</i> will descend into
|
|
296
|
+
the directory and compress all the files it finds there (or
|
|
297
|
+
decompress them in the case of <i>gunzip</i> ).</p>
|
|
298
|
+
|
|
299
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−S .suf --suffix
|
|
300
|
+
.suf</b></p>
|
|
301
|
+
|
|
302
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use suffix .suf instead of .gz.
|
|
303
|
+
Any suffix can be given, but suffixes other than .z and .gz
|
|
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|
+
should be avoided to avoid confusion when files are
|
|
305
|
+
transferred to other systems. A null suffix forces gunzip to
|
|
306
|
+
try decompression on all given files regardless of suffix,
|
|
307
|
+
as in:</p>
|
|
308
|
+
|
|
309
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">gunzip -S
|
|
310
|
+
"" * (*.* for MSDOS)</p>
|
|
311
|
+
|
|
312
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Previous
|
|
313
|
+
versions of gzip used the .z suffix. This was changed to
|
|
314
|
+
avoid a conflict with <i>pack</i>(1)<i>.</i></p>
|
|
315
|
+
|
|
316
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−t --test</b></p>
|
|
317
|
+
|
|
318
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Test. Check the compressed file
|
|
319
|
+
integrity.</p>
|
|
320
|
+
|
|
321
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−v --verbose</b></p>
|
|
322
|
+
|
|
323
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Verbose. Display the name and
|
|
324
|
+
percentage reduction for each file compressed or
|
|
325
|
+
decompressed.</p>
|
|
326
|
+
|
|
327
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−V --version</b></p>
|
|
328
|
+
|
|
329
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Version. Display the version
|
|
330
|
+
number and compilation options then quit.</p>
|
|
331
|
+
|
|
332
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>−# --fast
|
|
333
|
+
--best</b></p>
|
|
334
|
+
|
|
335
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Regulate the speed of
|
|
336
|
+
compression using the specified digit <i>#</i>, where
|
|
337
|
+
<b>−1</b> or <b>−−fast</b> indicates the
|
|
338
|
+
fastest compression method (less compression) and
|
|
339
|
+
<b>−9</b> or <b>−−best</b> indicates the
|
|
340
|
+
slowest compression method (best compression). The default
|
|
341
|
+
compression level is <b>−6</b> (that is, biased
|
|
342
|
+
towards high compression at expense of speed).</p>
|
|
343
|
+
|
|
344
|
+
<a name="ADVANCED USAGE"></a>
|
|
345
|
+
<h2>ADVANCED USAGE</h2>
|
|
346
|
+
|
|
347
|
+
|
|
348
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Multiple
|
|
349
|
+
compressed files can be concatenated. In this case,
|
|
350
|
+
<i>gunzip</i> will extract all members at once. For
|
|
351
|
+
example:</p>
|
|
352
|
+
|
|
353
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gzip -c file1
|
|
354
|
+
> foo.gz <br>
|
|
355
|
+
gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz</p>
|
|
356
|
+
|
|
357
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Then</p>
|
|
358
|
+
|
|
359
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gunzip -c
|
|
360
|
+
foo</p>
|
|
361
|
+
|
|
362
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">is equivalent
|
|
363
|
+
to</p>
|
|
364
|
+
|
|
365
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">cat file1
|
|
366
|
+
file2</p>
|
|
367
|
+
|
|
368
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In case of
|
|
369
|
+
damage to one member of a .gz file, other members can still
|
|
370
|
+
be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However,
|
|
371
|
+
you can get better compression by compressing all members at
|
|
372
|
+
once:</p>
|
|
373
|
+
|
|
374
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">cat file1 file2
|
|
375
|
+
| gzip > foo.gz</p>
|
|
376
|
+
|
|
377
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">compresses
|
|
378
|
+
better than</p>
|
|
379
|
+
|
|
380
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gzip -c file1
|
|
381
|
+
file2 > foo.gz</p>
|
|
382
|
+
|
|
383
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
|
|
384
|
+
recompress concatenated files to get better compression,
|
|
385
|
+
do:</p>
|
|
386
|
+
|
|
387
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gzip -cd old.gz
|
|
388
|
+
| gzip > new.gz</p>
|
|
389
|
+
|
|
390
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If a compressed
|
|
391
|
+
file consists of several members, the uncompressed size and
|
|
392
|
+
CRC reported by the --list option applies to the last member
|
|
393
|
+
only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you
|
|
394
|
+
can use:</p>
|
|
395
|
+
|
|
396
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gzip -cd
|
|
397
|
+
file.gz | wc -c</p>
|
|
398
|
+
|
|
399
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you wish to
|
|
400
|
+
create a single archive file with multiple members so that
|
|
401
|
+
members can later be extracted independently, use an
|
|
402
|
+
archiver such as tar or zip. GNU tar supports the -z option
|
|
403
|
+
to invoke gzip transparently. gzip is designed as a
|
|
404
|
+
complement to tar, not as a replacement.</p>
|
|
405
|
+
|
|
406
|
+
<a name="ENVIRONMENT"></a>
|
|
407
|
+
<h2>ENVIRONMENT</h2>
|
|
408
|
+
|
|
409
|
+
|
|
410
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The environment
|
|
411
|
+
variable <b>GZIP</b> can hold a set of default options for
|
|
412
|
+
<i>gzip.</i> These options are interpreted first and can be
|
|
413
|
+
overwritten by explicit command line parameters. For
|
|
414
|
+
example: <br>
|
|
415
|
+
for sh: GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP <br>
|
|
416
|
+
for csh: setenv GZIP "-8v --name" <br>
|
|
417
|
+
for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name</p>
|
|
418
|
+
|
|
419
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On Vax/VMS, the
|
|
420
|
+
name of the environment variable is GZIP_OPT, to avoid a
|
|
421
|
+
conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the
|
|
422
|
+
program.</p>
|
|
423
|
+
|
|
424
|
+
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
|
|
425
|
+
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
426
|
+
|
|
427
|
+
|
|
428
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">znew(1),
|
|
429
|
+
zcmp(1), zmore(1), zforce(1), gzexe(1), zip(1), unzip(1),
|
|
430
|
+
compress(1), pack(1), compact(1), compat(5)</p>
|
|
431
|
+
|
|
432
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The <i>gzip</i>
|
|
433
|
+
file format is specified in P. Deutsch, <small>GZIP</small>
|
|
434
|
+
file format specification version 4.3,
|
|
435
|
+
<b><ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1952.txt></b>,
|
|
436
|
+
Internet RFC 1952 (May 1996). The <i>zip</i> deflation
|
|
437
|
+
format is specified in P. Deutsch, <small>DEFLATE</small>
|
|
438
|
+
Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3,
|
|
439
|
+
<b><ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1951.txt></b>,
|
|
440
|
+
Internet RFC 1951 (May 1996).</p>
|
|
441
|
+
|
|
442
|
+
<a name="DIAGNOSTICS"></a>
|
|
443
|
+
<h2>DIAGNOSTICS</h2>
|
|
444
|
+
|
|
445
|
+
|
|
446
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Exit status is
|
|
447
|
+
normally 0; if an error occurs, exit status is 1. If a
|
|
448
|
+
warning occurs, exit status is 2. <br>
|
|
449
|
+
Usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...]</p>
|
|
450
|
+
|
|
451
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Invalid options were specified
|
|
452
|
+
on the command line.</p>
|
|
453
|
+
|
|
454
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>file</i>: not in gzip
|
|
455
|
+
format</p>
|
|
456
|
+
|
|
457
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The file specified to
|
|
458
|
+
<i>gunzip</i> has not been compressed.</p>
|
|
459
|
+
|
|
460
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>file</i>: Corrupt input. Use
|
|
461
|
+
zcat to recover some data.</p>
|
|
462
|
+
|
|
463
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The compressed file has been
|
|
464
|
+
damaged. The data up to the point of failure can be
|
|
465
|
+
recovered using</p>
|
|
466
|
+
|
|
467
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">zcat
|
|
468
|
+
<i>file</i> > recover</p>
|
|
469
|
+
|
|
470
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>file</i>: compressed with
|
|
471
|
+
<i>xx</i> bits, can only handle <i>yy</i> bits</p>
|
|
472
|
+
|
|
473
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;"><i>File</i> was compressed
|
|
474
|
+
(using LZW) by a program that could deal with more
|
|
475
|
+
<i>bits</i> than the decompress code on this machine.
|
|
476
|
+
Recompress the file with gzip, which compresses better and
|
|
477
|
+
uses less memory.</p>
|
|
478
|
+
|
|
479
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>file</i>: already has .gz
|
|
480
|
+
suffix -- no change</p>
|
|
481
|
+
|
|
482
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The file is assumed to be
|
|
483
|
+
already compressed. Rename the file and try again.</p>
|
|
484
|
+
|
|
485
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>file</i> already exists; do
|
|
486
|
+
you wish to overwrite (y or n)?</p>
|
|
487
|
+
|
|
488
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Respond "y" if you
|
|
489
|
+
want the output file to be replaced; "n" if
|
|
490
|
+
not.</p>
|
|
491
|
+
|
|
492
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">gunzip: corrupt input</p>
|
|
493
|
+
|
|
494
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">A SIGSEGV violation was
|
|
495
|
+
detected which usually means that the input file has been
|
|
496
|
+
corrupted.</p>
|
|
497
|
+
|
|
498
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>xx.x%</i> Percentage of the
|
|
499
|
+
input saved by compression.</p>
|
|
500
|
+
|
|
501
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">(Relevant only for
|
|
502
|
+
<b>−v</b> and <b>−l</b>.)</p>
|
|
503
|
+
|
|
504
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">-- not a regular file or
|
|
505
|
+
directory: ignored</p>
|
|
506
|
+
|
|
507
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">When the input file is not a
|
|
508
|
+
regular file or directory, (e.g. a symbolic link, socket,
|
|
509
|
+
FIFO, device file), it is left unaltered.</p>
|
|
510
|
+
|
|
511
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%;">-- has <i>xx</i> other links:
|
|
512
|
+
unchanged</p>
|
|
513
|
+
|
|
514
|
+
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The input file has links; it is
|
|
515
|
+
left unchanged. See <i>ln</i>(1) for more information. Use
|
|
516
|
+
the <b>−f</b> flag to force compression of
|
|
517
|
+
multiply-linked files.</p>
|
|
518
|
+
|
|
519
|
+
<a name="CAVEATS"></a>
|
|
520
|
+
<h2>CAVEATS</h2>
|
|
521
|
+
|
|
522
|
+
|
|
523
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">When writing
|
|
524
|
+
compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad
|
|
525
|
+
the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data
|
|
526
|
+
is read and the whole block is passed to <i>gunzip</i> for
|
|
527
|
+
decompression, <i>gunzip</i> detects that there is extra
|
|
528
|
+
trailing garbage after the compressed data and emits a
|
|
529
|
+
warning by default. You have to use the --quiet option to
|
|
530
|
+
suppress the warning. This option can be set in the
|
|
531
|
+
<b>GZIP</b> environment variable as in: <br>
|
|
532
|
+
for sh: GZIP="-q" tar -xfz --block-compress
|
|
533
|
+
/dev/rst0 <br>
|
|
534
|
+
for csh: (setenv GZIP -q; tar -xfz --block-compr
|
|
535
|
+
/dev/rst0</p>
|
|
536
|
+
|
|
537
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In the above
|
|
538
|
+
example, gzip is invoked implicitly by the -z option of GNU
|
|
539
|
+
tar. Make sure that the same block size (-b option of tar)
|
|
540
|
+
is used for reading and writing compressed data on tapes.
|
|
541
|
+
(This example assumes you are using the GNU version of
|
|
542
|
+
tar.)</p>
|
|
543
|
+
|
|
544
|
+
<a name="BUGS"></a>
|
|
545
|
+
<h2>BUGS</h2>
|
|
546
|
+
|
|
547
|
+
|
|
548
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The gzip format
|
|
549
|
+
represents the input size modulo 2^32, so the --list option
|
|
550
|
+
reports incorrect uncompressed sizes and compression ratios
|
|
551
|
+
for uncompressed files 4 GB and larger. To work around this
|
|
552
|
+
problem, you can use the following command to discover a
|
|
553
|
+
large uncompressed file’s true size:</p>
|
|
554
|
+
|
|
555
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">zcat file.gz |
|
|
556
|
+
wc -c</p>
|
|
557
|
+
|
|
558
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The --list
|
|
559
|
+
option reports sizes as -1 and crc as ffffffff if the
|
|
560
|
+
compressed file is on a non seekable media.</p>
|
|
561
|
+
|
|
562
|
+
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In some rare
|
|
563
|
+
cases, the --best option gives worse compression than the
|
|
564
|
+
default compression level (-6). On some highly redundant
|
|
565
|
+
files, <i>compress</i> compresses better than
|
|
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<i>gzip.</i></p>
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<a name="COPYRIGHT NOTICE"></a>
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<h2>COPYRIGHT NOTICE</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Copyright
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© 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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<br>
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Copyright © 1992, 1993 Jean-loup Gailly</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Permission is
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granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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manual provided the copyright notice and this permission
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notice are preserved on all copies.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Permission is
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granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided
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that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under
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the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.</p>
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+
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Permission is
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granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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+
into another language, under the above conditions for
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+
modified versions, except that this permission notice may be
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stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.</p>
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<hr>
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</body>
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</html>
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