ibm_db 3.0.4 → 3.0.5

data/test/cases/explain_subscriber_test.rb

@@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
-require 'cases/helper'
-require 'active_record/explain_subscriber'
-require 'active_record/explain_registry'
-
-if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_explain?
-  class ExplainSubscriberTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-    SUBSCRIBER = ActiveRecord::ExplainSubscriber.new
-
-    def setup
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.reset
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.collect = true
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_payload_has_an_exception
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, exception: Exception.new)
-      assert queries.empty?
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_nothing_for_ignored_payloads
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainSubscriber::IGNORED_PAYLOADS.each do |ip|
-        SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: ip)
-      end
-      assert queries.empty?
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_nothing_if_collect_is_false
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.collect = false
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'select 1 from users', binds: [1, 2])
-      assert queries.empty?
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_pairs_of_queries_and_binds
-      sql   = 'select 1 from users'
-      binds = [1, 2]
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: sql, binds: binds)
-      assert_equal 1, queries.size
-      assert_equal sql, queries[0][0]
-      assert_equal binds, queries[0][1]
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_statement_is_not_whitelisted
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'SHOW max_identifier_length')
-      assert queries.empty?
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_statement_is_only_partially_matched
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'select_db yo_mama')
-      assert queries.empty?
-    end
-
-    def test_collects_cte_queries
-      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'with s as (values(3)) select 1 from s')
-      assert_equal 1, queries.size
-    end
-
-    teardown do
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.reset
-    end
-
-    def queries
-      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.queries
-    end
-  end
-end
+require 'cases/helper'
+require 'active_record/explain_subscriber'
+require 'active_record/explain_registry'
+
+if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_explain?
+  class ExplainSubscriberTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    SUBSCRIBER = ActiveRecord::ExplainSubscriber.new
+
+    def setup
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.reset
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.collect = true
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_payload_has_an_exception
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, exception: Exception.new)
+      assert queries.empty?
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_nothing_for_ignored_payloads
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainSubscriber::IGNORED_PAYLOADS.each do |ip|
+        SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: ip)
+      end
+      assert queries.empty?
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_nothing_if_collect_is_false
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.collect = false
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'select 1 from users', binds: [1, 2])
+      assert queries.empty?
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_pairs_of_queries_and_binds
+      sql   = 'select 1 from users'
+      binds = [1, 2]
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: sql, binds: binds)
+      assert_equal 1, queries.size
+      assert_equal sql, queries[0][0]
+      assert_equal binds, queries[0][1]
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_statement_is_not_whitelisted
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'SHOW max_identifier_length')
+      assert queries.empty?
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_nothing_if_the_statement_is_only_partially_matched
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'select_db yo_mama')
+      assert queries.empty?
+    end
+
+    def test_collects_cte_queries
+      SUBSCRIBER.finish(nil, nil, name: 'SQL', sql: 'with s as (values(3)) select 1 from s')
+      assert_equal 1, queries.size
+    end
+
+    teardown do
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.reset
+    end
+
+    def queries
+      ActiveRecord::ExplainRegistry.queries
+    end
+  end
+end

data/test/cases/explain_test.rb

@@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
-require 'cases/helper'
-require 'models/car'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
-
-if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_explain?
-  class ExplainTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-    fixtures :cars
-
-    def base
-      ActiveRecord::Base
-    end
-
-    def connection
-      base.connection
-    end
-
-    def test_relation_explain
-      message = Car.where(:name => 'honda').explain
-      assert_match(/^EXPLAIN for:/, message)
-    end
-
-    def test_collecting_queries_for_explain
-      queries = ActiveRecord::Base.collecting_queries_for_explain do
-        Car.where(:name => 'honda').to_a
-      end
-
-      sql, binds = queries[0]
-      assert_match "SELECT", sql
-      if binds.any?
-        assert_equal 1, binds.length
-        assert_equal "honda", binds.flatten.last
-      else
-        assert_match 'honda', sql
-      end
-    end
-
-    def test_exec_explain_with_no_binds
-      sqls    = %w(foo bar)
-      binds   = [[], []]
-      queries = sqls.zip(binds)
-
-      connection.stubs(:explain).returns('query plan foo', 'query plan bar')
-      expected = sqls.map {|sql| "EXPLAIN for: #{sql}\nquery plan #{sql}"}.join("\n")
-      assert_equal expected, base.exec_explain(queries)
-    end
-
-    def test_exec_explain_with_binds
-      cols = [Object.new, Object.new]
-      cols[0].expects(:name).returns('wadus')
-      cols[1].expects(:name).returns('chaflan')
-
-      sqls    = %w(foo bar)
-      binds   = [[[cols[0], 1]], [[cols[1], 2]]]
-      queries = sqls.zip(binds)
-
-      connection.stubs(:explain).returns("query plan foo\n", "query plan bar\n")
-      expected = <<-SQL.strip_heredoc
-        EXPLAIN for: #{sqls[0]} [["wadus", 1]]
-        query plan foo
-
-        EXPLAIN for: #{sqls[1]} [["chaflan", 2]]
-        query plan bar
-      SQL
-      assert_equal expected, base.exec_explain(queries)
-    end
-
-    def test_unsupported_connection_adapter
-      connection.stubs(:supports_explain?).returns(false)
-
-      base.logger.expects(:warn).never
-
-      Car.where(:name => 'honda').to_a
-    end
-
-  end
-end
+require 'cases/helper'
+require 'models/car'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
+
+if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_explain?
+  class ExplainTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    fixtures :cars
+
+    def base
+      ActiveRecord::Base
+    end
+
+    def connection
+      base.connection
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_explain
+      message = Car.where(:name => 'honda').explain
+      assert_match(/^EXPLAIN for:/, message)
+    end
+
+    def test_collecting_queries_for_explain
+      queries = ActiveRecord::Base.collecting_queries_for_explain do
+        Car.where(:name => 'honda').to_a
+      end
+
+      sql, binds = queries[0]
+      assert_match "SELECT", sql
+      if binds.any?
+        assert_equal 1, binds.length
+        assert_equal "honda", binds.flatten.last
+      else
+        assert_match 'honda', sql
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_exec_explain_with_no_binds
+      sqls    = %w(foo bar)
+      binds   = [[], []]
+      queries = sqls.zip(binds)
+
+      connection.stubs(:explain).returns('query plan foo', 'query plan bar')
+      expected = sqls.map {|sql| "EXPLAIN for: #{sql}\nquery plan #{sql}"}.join("\n")
+      assert_equal expected, base.exec_explain(queries)
+    end
+
+    def test_exec_explain_with_binds
+      cols = [Object.new, Object.new]
+      cols[0].expects(:name).returns('wadus')
+      cols[1].expects(:name).returns('chaflan')
+
+      sqls    = %w(foo bar)
+      binds   = [[[cols[0], 1]], [[cols[1], 2]]]
+      queries = sqls.zip(binds)
+
+      connection.stubs(:explain).returns("query plan foo\n", "query plan bar\n")
+      expected = <<-SQL.strip_heredoc
+        EXPLAIN for: #{sqls[0]} [["wadus", 1]]
+        query plan foo
+
+        EXPLAIN for: #{sqls[1]} [["chaflan", 2]]
+        query plan bar
+      SQL
+      assert_equal expected, base.exec_explain(queries)
+    end
+
+    def test_unsupported_connection_adapter
+      connection.stubs(:supports_explain?).returns(false)
+
+      base.logger.expects(:warn).never
+
+      Car.where(:name => 'honda').to_a
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/test/cases/finder_respond_to_test.rb

@@ -1,60 +1,60 @@
-require "cases/helper"
-require 'models/topic'
-
-class FinderRespondToTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-
-  fixtures :topics
-
-  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_on_base
-    assert_respond_to ActiveRecord::Base, :new
-    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.respond_to?(:find_by_something)
-  end
-
-  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_and_respond_to_newly_added_method
-    class << Topic; self; end.send(:define_method, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test) { }
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test
-  ensure
-    class << Topic; self; end.send(:remove_method, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test)
-  end
-
-  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_and_respond_to_standard_object_method
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :to_s
-  end
-
-  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_one_attribute_before_caching
-    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title)
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title
-  end
-
-  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_with_bang
-    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title!)
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title!
-  end
-
-  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_two_attributes
-    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title_and_author_name)
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title_and_author_name
-  end
-
-  def test_should_respond_to_find_all_by_an_aliased_attribute
-    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_heading)
-    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_heading
-  end
-
-  def test_should_not_respond_to_find_by_one_missing_attribute
-    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_by_undertitle)
-  end
-
-  def test_should_not_respond_to_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
-    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:fail_to_find_by_title)
-    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_by_title?)
-    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:fail_to_find_or_create_by_title)
-    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_or_create_by_title?)
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(method_id)
-    class << Topic; self; end.send(:remove_method, method_id) if Topic.public_methods.include? method_id
-  end
-end
+require "cases/helper"
+require 'models/topic'
+
+class FinderRespondToTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+
+  fixtures :topics
+
+  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_on_base
+    assert_respond_to ActiveRecord::Base, :new
+    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.respond_to?(:find_by_something)
+  end
+
+  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_and_respond_to_newly_added_method
+    class << Topic; self; end.send(:define_method, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test) { }
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test
+  ensure
+    class << Topic; self; end.send(:remove_method, :method_added_for_finder_respond_to_test)
+  end
+
+  def test_should_preserve_normal_respond_to_behaviour_and_respond_to_standard_object_method
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :to_s
+  end
+
+  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_one_attribute_before_caching
+    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title)
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title
+  end
+
+  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_with_bang
+    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title!)
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title!
+  end
+
+  def test_should_respond_to_find_by_two_attributes
+    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_title_and_author_name)
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_title_and_author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_should_respond_to_find_all_by_an_aliased_attribute
+    ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(:find_by_heading)
+    assert_respond_to Topic, :find_by_heading
+  end
+
+  def test_should_not_respond_to_find_by_one_missing_attribute
+    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_by_undertitle)
+  end
+
+  def test_should_not_respond_to_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
+    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:fail_to_find_by_title)
+    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_by_title?)
+    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:fail_to_find_or_create_by_title)
+    assert !Topic.respond_to?(:find_or_create_by_title?)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def ensure_topic_method_is_not_cached(method_id)
+    class << Topic; self; end.send(:remove_method, method_id) if Topic.public_methods.include? method_id
+  end
+end

data/test/cases/finder_test.rb

@@ -1,1166 +1,1169 @@
-require "cases/helper"
-require 'models/post'
-require 'models/author'
-require 'models/categorization'
-require 'models/comment'
-require 'models/company'
-require 'models/tagging'
-require 'models/topic'
-require 'models/reply'
-require 'models/entrant'
-require 'models/project'
-require 'models/developer'
-require 'models/computer'
-require 'models/customer'
-require 'models/toy'
-require 'models/matey'
-require 'models/dog'
-require 'models/car'
-require 'models/tyre'
-
-class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  fixtures :companies, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :developers_projects, :posts, :comments, :accounts, :authors, :customers, :categories, :categorizations, :cars, :author_addresses
-
-  def test_find_by_id_with_hash
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
-      Post.find_by_id(:limit => 1)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_title_and_id_with_hash
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
-      Post.find_by_title_and_id('foo', :limit => 1)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find
-    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, Topic.find(1).title)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_proc_parameter_and_block
-    exception = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
-      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should happen" }) { |e| e.title == "non-existing-title" }
-    end
-    assert_equal "should happen", exception.message
-
-    assert_nothing_raised(RuntimeError) do
-      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should not happen" }) { |e| e.title == topics(:first).title }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
-    assert_deprecated do
-      Topic.find(Topic.last)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_symbols_table_ref
-    gc_disabled = GC.disable
-    Post.where("author_id" => nil)  # warm up
-    x = Symbol.all_symbols.count
-    Post.where("title" => {"xxxqqqq" => "bar"})
-    assert_equal x, Symbol.all_symbols.count
-  ensure
-    GC.enable if gc_disabled == false
-  end
-
-  # find should handle strings that come from URLs
-  # (example: Category.find(params[:id]))
-  def test_find_with_string
-    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title,Topic.find("1").title)
-  end
-
-  def test_exists
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(1)
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?("1")
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(title: "The First Topic")
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(heading: "The First Topic")
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(:author_name => "Mary", :approved => true)
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1])
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(id: [1, 9999])
-
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(45)
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(Topic.new.id)
-
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1,2]) }
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_polymorphic_relation
-    post = Post.create!(title: 'Post', body: 'default', taggings: [Tagging.new(comment: 'tagging comment')])
-    relation = Post.tagged_with_comment('tagging comment')
-
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(title: ['Post'])
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(['title LIKE ?', 'Post%'])
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id)
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id.to_s)
-
-    assert_equal false, relation.exists?(false)
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
-    assert_deprecated do
-      Topic.exists?(Topic.new)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_fails_when_parameter_has_invalid_type
-    assert_raises(RangeError) do
-      assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(("9"*53).to_i) # number that's bigger than int
-    end
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?("foo")
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias
-    assert_sql(/SELECT\W+1 AS one FROM ["`]topics["`]/i) do
-      Topic.exists?
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_returns_true_with_one_record_and_no_args
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_returns_false_with_false_arg
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(false)
-  end
-
-  # exists? should handle nil for id's that come from URLs and always return false
-  # (example: Topic.exists?(params[:id])) where params[:id] is nil
-  def test_exists_with_nil_arg
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(nil)
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?
-
-    assert_equal false, Topic.first.replies.exists?(nil)
-    assert_equal true, Topic.first.replies.exists?
-  end
-
-  # ensures +exists?+ runs valid SQL by excluding order value
-  def test_exists_with_order
-    assert_equal true, Topic.order(:id).distinct.exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result
-    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where('0 = 1').exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_and_limit
-    author = Author.first
-    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(1).exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_limit_and_order
-    author = Author.first
-    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(1).exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_empty_table_and_no_args_given
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
-    existing_address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_equal true, Customer.exists?(:address => existing_address)
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_with_one_difference
-    existing_address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_does_not_instantiate_records
-    Developer.expects(:instantiate).never
-    Developer.exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_array_of_one_id
-    assert_kind_of(Array, Topic.find([ 1 ]))
-    assert_equal(1, Topic.find([ 1 ]).length)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_ids
-    assert_equal 2, Topic.find(1, 2).size
-    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.find([2]).first.title
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_ids_with_limit_and_offset
-    assert_equal 2, Entrant.limit(2).find([1,3,2]).size
-    assert_equal 1, Entrant.limit(3).offset(2).find([1,3,2]).size
-
-    # Also test an edge case: If you have 11 results, and you set a
-    #   limit of 3 and offset of 9, then you should find that there
-    #   will be only 2 results, regardless of the limit.
-    devs = Developer.all
-    last_devs = Developer.limit(3).offset(9).find devs.map(&:id)
-    assert_equal 2, last_devs.size
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_large_number
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find('9999999999999999999999999999999') }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_with_large_number
-    assert_nil Topic.find_by(id: '9999999999999999999999999999999')
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_id_with_large_number
-    assert_nil Topic.find_by_id('9999999999999999999999999999999')
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_relation_with_large_number
-    assert_nil Topic.where('1=1').find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-      Topic.where('1=1').find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_an_empty_array
-    assert_equal [], Topic.find([])
-  end
-
-  def test_find_doesnt_have_implicit_ordering
-    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Topic.find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_ids_missing_one
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find(1, 2, 45) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_group_and_sanitized_having_method
-    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select('salary').to_a
-    assert_equal 3, developers.size
-    assert_equal 3, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
-    assert developers.all? { |developer| developer.salary > 10000 }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_entire_select_statement
-    topics = Topic.find_by_sql "SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = 'Mary'"
-
-    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
-    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_prepared_select_statement
-    topics = Topic.find_by_sql ["SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = ?", "Mary"]
-
-    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
-    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_sql_with_sti_on_joined_table
-    accounts = Account.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM accounts INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = accounts.firm_id")
-    assert_equal [Account], accounts.collect(&:class).uniq
-  end
-
-  def test_take
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.take
-  end
-
-  def test_take_failing
-    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take
-  end
-
-  def test_take_bang_present
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").take!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_take_bang_missing
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_first
-    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first.title
-  end
-
-  def test_first_failing
-    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day!'").first
-  end
-
-  def test_first_bang_present
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_first_bang_missing
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").first!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_first_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    expected = topics(:first)
-    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
-    assert_equal expected, Topic.first
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_first_bang
-    assert Topic.first!
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.first!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_second
-    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.second.title
-  end
-
-  def test_second_with_offset
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(3).second
-  end
-
-  def test_second_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    expected = topics(:second)
-    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
-    assert_equal expected, Topic.second
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_second_bang
-    assert Topic.second!
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.second!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_third
-    assert_equal topics(:third).title, Topic.third.title
-  end
-
-  def test_third_with_offset
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(2).third
-  end
-
-  def test_third_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    expected = topics(:third)
-    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
-    assert_equal expected, Topic.third
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_third_bang
-    assert Topic.third!
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.third!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_fourth
-    assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.fourth.title
-  end
-
-  def test_fourth_with_offset
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(1).fourth
-  end
-
-  def test_fourth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    expected = topics(:fourth)
-    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
-    assert_equal expected, Topic.fourth
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_fourth_bang
-    assert Topic.fourth!
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.fourth!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_fifth
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, Topic.fifth.title
-  end
-
-  def test_fifth_with_offset
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(0).fifth
-  end
-
-  def test_fifth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    expected = topics(:fifth)
-    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
-    assert_equal expected, Topic.fifth
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_fifth_bang
-    assert Topic.fifth!
-    Topic.delete_all
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.fifth!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_last_bang_present
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").last!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_last_bang_missing
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").last!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_model_class_responds_to_last_bang
-    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.last!
-    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
-      Topic.delete_all
-      Topic.last!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit
-    assert_sql(/LIMIT 3|ROWNUM <= 3/) { Topic.take(3).entries }
-    assert_sql(/LIMIT 2|ROWNUM <= 2/) { Topic.first(2).entries }
-    assert_sql(/LIMIT 5|ROWNUM <= 5/) { Topic.last(5).entries }
-  end
-
-  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order
-    assert_equal Topic.order("title").to_a.last(2), Topic.order("title").last(2)
-  end
-
-  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_not_use_sql_limit
-    query = assert_sql { Topic.order("title").last(5).entries }
-    assert_equal 1, query.length
-    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
-  end
-
-  def test_last_with_integer_and_reorder_should_not_use_sql_limit
-    query = assert_sql { Topic.reorder("title").last(5).entries }
-    assert_equal 1, query.length
-    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
-  end
-
-  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_return_an_array
-    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.take(5)
-    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.first(5)
-    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.last(5)
-  end
-
-  def test_unexisting_record_exception_handling
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
-      Topic.find(1).parent
-    }
-
-    Topic.find(2).topic
-  end
-
-  def test_find_only_some_columns
-    topic = Topic.select("author_name").find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title}
-    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title?}
-    assert_nil topic.read_attribute("title")
-    assert_equal "David", topic.author_name
-    assert !topic.attribute_present?("title")
-    assert !topic.attribute_present?(:title)
-    assert topic.attribute_present?("author_name")
-    assert_respond_to topic, "author_name"
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_array_conditions
-    assert Topic.where(["approved = ?", false]).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(["approved = ?", true]).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions
-    assert Topic.where(approved: false).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(approved: true).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name
-    assert Topic.where('topics.approved' => false).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved' => true).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_hashed_table_name
-    assert Topic.where(topics: { approved: false }).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(topics: { approved: true }).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
-    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(:accounts => { :credit_limit => 50 })
-    assert_equal 1, firms.size
-    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firms.first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table_and_with_range
-    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: 'RailsCore', accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 })
-    assert_equal 1, firms.size
-    assert_equal companies(:rails_core), firms.first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name_and_aggregate
-    david = customers(:david)
-    assert Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
-      Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_association_proxy_conditions
-    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_range
-    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2..3).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_end_exclusive_range
-    assert_equal [1,2,3], Topic.where(id: 1..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1...3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2...3).find(3) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_multiple_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,3], Comment.where(id: 1..3, post_id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    assert_equal [1], Comment.where(id: 1..1, post_id: 1..10).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,6,7,8], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 6..8]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges
-    assert_deprecated do
-      assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [[1..2], 3, [5], 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_arrays
-    assert_deprecated do
-      assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [[1, 2], 3, 5, [6, [7], 8], 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges_and_nils
-    assert_deprecated do
-      assert_equal [1,3,4,5], Topic.where(parent_id: [[2..6], nil]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges_and_more_nils
-    assert_deprecated do
-      assert_equal [], Topic.where(parent_id: [[7..10, nil, [nil]], [nil]]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_multiple_hash_conditions
-    assert Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "HHC", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1) }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_condition_interpolation
-    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where("name = '%s'", "37signals").first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
-    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
-  end
-
-  def test_condition_array_interpolation
-    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals"]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
-    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
-  end
-
-  def test_condition_hash_interpolation
-    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(name: "37signals").first
-    assert_nil Company.where(name: "37signals!").first
-    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(id: 1).first.written_on
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_malformed
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) {
-      Company.where(id: 2, dhh: true).first
-    }
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters
-    Company.create("name" => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff")
-    assert Company.where(name: "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff").first
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_array
-    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2]).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2.id]).order('id asc').to_a
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_nil
-    topic = Topic.where(last_read: nil).first
-    assert_not_nil topic
-    assert_nil topic.last_read
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
-    balance = customers(:david).balance
-    assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_aggregate
-    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
-    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
-    balance = customers(:david).balance
-    assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance.amount).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
-    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
-    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location.gps_location).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
-    address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_find_with_one_condition_being_aggregate_and_another_not
-    address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address, :name => customers(:david).name).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :local do
-        topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getutc]).first
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :local do
-        topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getutc).first
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getlocal).first
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_variables
-    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals"]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!"]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
-    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = ?", 1]).first.written_on
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
-      Company.where(["id=? AND name = ?", 2]).first
-    }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
-     Company.where(["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
-    }
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_variables_with_quotes
-    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
-    assert Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals' go'es agains"]).first
-  end
-
-  def test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes
-    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
-    assert Company.where(["name = :name", {name: "37signals' go'es agains"}]).first
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_arity
-    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '' }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '', 1 }
-
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?' }
-    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '?', 1 }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?', 1, 1  }
-  end
-
-  def test_named_bind_variables
-    assert_equal '1', bind(':a', :a => 1) # ' ruby-mode
-    assert_equal '1 1', bind(':a :a', :a => 1)  # ' ruby-mode
-
-    assert_nothing_raised { bind("'+00:00'", :foo => "bar") }
-
-    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals" }]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!" }]).first
-    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!' OR 1=1" }]).first
-    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = :id", { id: 1 }]).first.written_on
-  end
-
-  class SimpleEnumerable
-    include Enumerable
-
-    def initialize(ary)
-      @ary = ary
-    end
-
-    def each(&b)
-      @ary.each(&b)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_enumerable
-    quoted_abc = %(#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('a')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('b')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('c')})
-
-    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', [1, 2, 3])
-    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', %w(a b c))
-
-    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => [1, 2, 3])
-    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => %w(a b c)) # '
-
-    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
-    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c)))
-
-    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
-    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c))) # '
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_empty_enumerable
-    quoted_nil = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(nil)
-    assert_equal quoted_nil, bind('?', [])
-    assert_equal " in (#{quoted_nil})", bind(' in (?)', [])
-    assert_equal "foo in (#{quoted_nil})", bind('foo in (?)', [])
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_empty_string
-    quoted_empty = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('')
-    assert_equal quoted_empty, bind('?', '')
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_chars
-    quoted_bambi = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi")
-    quoted_bambi_and_thumper = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi\nand\nThumper")
-    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi")
-    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper")
-    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi".mb_chars)
-    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper".mb_chars)
-  end
-
-  def test_bind_record
-    o = Struct.new(:quoted_id).new(1)
-    assert_equal '1', bind('?', o)
-
-    os = [o] * 3
-    assert_equal '1,1,1', bind('?', os)
-  end
-
-  def test_named_bind_with_postgresql_type_casts
-    l = Proc.new { bind(":a::integer '2009-01-01'::date", :a => '10') }
-    assert_nothing_raised(&l)
-    assert_equal "#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('10')}::integer '2009-01-01'::date", l.call
-  end
-
-  def test_string_sanitation
-    assert_not_equal "'something ' 1=1'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something ' 1=1")
-    assert_equal "'something; select table'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something; select table")
-  end
-
-  def test_count_by_sql
-    assert_equal(0, Entrant.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > 3"))
-    assert_equal(1, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 2]))
-    assert_equal(2, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 1]))
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
-    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic!")
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic")
-    assert_raises_with_message(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic") do
-      Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic!")
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_on_attribute_that_is_a_reserved_word
-    dog_alias = 'Dog'
-    dog = Dog.create(alias: dog_alias)
-
-    assert_equal dog, Dog.find_by_alias(dog_alias)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_alias
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic")
-    assert_nil Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic!")
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined
-    blank_topic = BlankTopic.create(title: "The Blank One")
-    assert_equal blank_topic, BlankTopic.find_by_title!("The Blank One")
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_conditions
-    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate
-    address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.find_by_address(address)
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate_with_one_attribute_difference
-    address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_kind_of Address, address
-    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city, address.country + "1")
-    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
-    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city + "1", address.country)
-    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
-    missing_address = Address.new(address.street + "1", address.city, address.country)
-    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_two_attributes_that_are_both_aggregates
-    balance = customers(:david).balance
-    address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_address(balance, address)
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_two_attributes_with_one_being_an_aggregate
-    balance = customers(:david).balance
-    assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_name(balance, customers(:david).name)
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
-  end
-
-  def test_dynamic_finder_on_one_attribute_with_conditions_returns_same_results_after_caching
-    # ensure this test can run independently of order
-    class << Account; self; end.send(:remove_method, :find_by_credit_limit) if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
-    a = Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
-    assert_equal a, Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_several_options
-    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order('id DESC').where('id != ?', 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_one_missing_attribute
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_undertitle("The First Topic!") }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_by_title("The First Topic") }
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_title?("The First Topic") }
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_or_create_by_title("Nonexistent Title") }
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_or_create_by_title?("Nonexistent Title") }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_two_attributes
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
-    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "Mary")
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_two_attributes_but_passing_only_one
-    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic") }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_last_with_offset
-    devs = Developer.order('id')
-
-    assert_equal devs[2], Developer.offset(2).first
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).order('id DESC').first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_nil_attribute
-    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read nil
-    assert_not_nil topic
-    assert_nil topic.last_read
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_nil_and_not_nil_attributes
-    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read_and_author_name nil, "Mary"
-    assert_equal "Mary", topic.author_name
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_bad_sql
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.find_by_sql "select 1 from badtable" }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_all_with_join
-    developers_on_project_one = Developer.
-      joins('LEFT JOIN developers_projects ON developers.id = developers_projects.developer_id').
-      where('project_id=1').to_a
-    assert_equal 3, developers_on_project_one.length
-    developer_names = developers_on_project_one.map { |d| d.name }
-    assert developer_names.include?('David')
-    assert developer_names.include?('Jamis')
-  end
-
-  def test_joins_dont_clobber_id
-    first = Firm.
-      joins('INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id').
-      where('companies.id = 1').first
-    assert_equal 1, first.id
-  end
-
-  def test_joins_with_string_array
-    person_with_reader_and_post = Post.
-      joins(["INNER JOIN categorizations ON categorizations.post_id = posts.id",
-             "INNER JOIN categories ON categories.id = categorizations.category_id AND categories.type = 'SpecialCategory'"
-            ])
-    assert_equal 1, person_with_reader_and_post.size
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_id_with_conditions_with_or
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1,2,3])
-    end
-  end
-
-  # http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/6778
-  def test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record
-    Post.create!(:title => 'test', :body => 'it out')
-    assert_equal [], Post.where(id: nil)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_empty_ids
-    assert_equal [], Post.find([])
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_empty_in_condition
-    assert_equal [], Post.where('id in (?)', [])
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_records
-    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2]]).order('id asc')
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2.id]]).order('id asc')
-  end
-
-  def test_select_value
-    assert_equal "37signals", Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = 1")
-    assert_nil Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = -1")
-    # make sure we didn't break count...
-    assert_equal 0, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = 'Halliburton'")
-    assert_equal 1, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = '37signals'")
-  end
-
-  def test_select_values
-    assert_equal ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9", "10", "11"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.to_s }
-    assert_equal ["37signals","Summit","Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux", "Apex"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
-  end
-
-  def test_select_rows
-    assert_equal(
-      [["1", "1", nil, "37signals"],
-       ["2", "1", "2", "Summit"],
-       ["3", "1", "1", "Microsoft"]],
-      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}})
-    assert_equal [["1", "37signals"], ["2", "Summit"], ["3", "Microsoft"]],
-      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}}
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct
-    assert_equal 2, Post.includes(authors: :author_address).order('author_addresses.id DESC ').limit(2).to_a.size
-
-    assert_equal 3, Post.includes(author: :author_address, authors: :author_address).
-                              order('author_addresses_authors.id DESC ').limit(3).to_a.size
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_one_attribute
-    client_of = Company.
-      where(client_of: [2, 1, nil],
-            name: ['37signals', 'Summit', 'Microsoft']).
-      order('client_of DESC').
-      map { |x| x.client_of }
-
-    assert client_of.include?(nil)
-    assert_equal [2, 1].sort, client_of.compact.sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_attribute
-    client_of = Company.
-      where(client_of: [nil]).
-      order('client_of DESC').
-      map { |x| x.client_of }
-
-    assert_equal [], client_of.compact
-  end
-
-  def test_with_limiting_with_custom_select
-    posts = Post.references(:authors).merge(
-      :includes => :author, :select => 'posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
-      :limit => 3, :order => 'posts.id'
-    ).to_a
-    assert_equal 3, posts.size
-    assert_equal [0, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_find_one_message_with_custom_primary_key
-    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
-      model.primary_key = :name
-      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-        model.find 'Hello World!'
-      end
-      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find MercedesCar with 'name'=Hello World!}, e.message
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_some_message_with_custom_primary_key
-    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
-      model.primary_key = :name
-      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-        model.find 'Hello', 'World!'
-      end
-      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find all MercedesCars with 'name': (Hello, World!) (found 0 results, but was looking for 2)}, e.message
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_without_primary_key
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::UnknownPrimaryKey) do
-      Matey.find(1)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_finder_with_offset_string
-    assert_nothing_raised(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.offset("3").to_a }
-  end
-
-  test "find_by with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
-  end
-
-  test "find_by with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
-  end
-
-  test "find_by with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
-  end
-
-  test "find_by returns nil if the record is missing" do
-    assert_equal nil, Post.find_by("1 = 0")
-  end
-
-  test "find_by with associations" do
-    assert_equal authors(:david), Post.find_by(author: authors(:david)).author
-    assert_equal authors(:mary) , Post.find_by(author: authors(:mary) ).author
-  end
-
-  test "find_by doesn't have implicit ordering" do
-    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
-  end
-
-  test "find_by! with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
-  end
-
-  test "find_by! with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
-  end
-
-  test "find_by! with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
-  end
-
-  test "find_by! doesn't have implicit ordering" do
-    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
-  end
-
-  test "find_by! raises RecordNotFound if the record is missing" do
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-      Post.find_by!("1 = 0")
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "find on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
-    honda = cars(:honda)
-    zyke = cars(:zyke)
-    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
-    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!
-
-    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find(tyre.id)
-    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find(tyre2.id)
-  end
-
-  test "find_by on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
-    honda = cars(:honda)
-    zyke = cars(:zyke)
-    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
-    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!
-
-    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre.id)
-    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre2.id)
-  end
-
-  protected
-    def bind(statement, *vars)
-      if vars.first.is_a?(Hash)
-        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_named_bind_variables, statement, vars.first)
-      else
-        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_bind_variables, statement, vars)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def table_with_custom_primary_key
-      yield(Class.new(Toy) do
-        def self.name
-          'MercedesCar'
-        end
-      end)
-    end
-
-    def assert_raises_with_message(exception_class, message, &block)
-      err = assert_raises(exception_class) { block.call }
-      assert_match message, err.message
-    end
-
-end
+require "cases/helper"
+require 'models/post'
+require 'models/author'
+require 'models/categorization'
+require 'models/comment'
+require 'models/company'
+require 'models/tagging'
+require 'models/topic'
+require 'models/reply'
+require 'models/entrant'
+require 'models/project'
+require 'models/developer'
+require 'models/computer'
+require 'models/customer'
+require 'models/toy'
+require 'models/matey'
+require 'models/dog'
+require 'models/car'
+require 'models/tyre'
+
+class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :companies, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :developers_projects, :posts, :comments, :accounts, :authors, :author_addresses, :customers, :categories, :categorizations, :cars
+
+  def test_find_by_id_with_hash
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+      Post.find_by_id(:limit => 1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_title_and_id_with_hash
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+      Post.find_by_title_and_id('foo', :limit => 1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find
+    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, Topic.find(1).title)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_proc_parameter_and_block
+    exception = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
+      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should happen" }) { |e| e.title == "non-existing-title" }
+    end
+    assert_equal "should happen", exception.message
+
+    assert_nothing_raised(RuntimeError) do
+      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should not happen" }) { |e| e.title == topics(:first).title }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
+    assert_deprecated do
+      Topic.find(Topic.last)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_symbols_table_ref
+    gc_disabled = GC.disable
+    Post.where("author_id" => nil)  # warm up
+    x = Symbol.all_symbols.count
+    Post.where("title" => {"xxxqqqq" => "bar"})
+    assert_equal x, Symbol.all_symbols.count
+  ensure
+    GC.enable if gc_disabled == false
+  end
+
+  # find should handle strings that come from URLs
+  # (example: Category.find(params[:id]))
+  def test_find_with_string
+    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title,Topic.find("1").title)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(1)
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?("1")
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(title: "The First Topic")
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(heading: "The First Topic")
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(:author_name => "Mary", :approved => true)
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1])
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(id: [1, 9999])
+
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(45)
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(Topic.new.id)
+
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1,2]) }
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_polymorphic_relation
+    post = Post.create!(title: 'Post', body: 'default', taggings: [Tagging.new(comment: 'tagging comment')])
+    relation = Post.tagged_with_comment('tagging comment')
+
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(title: ['Post'])
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(['title LIKE ?', 'Post%'])
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id)
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id.to_s)
+
+    assert_equal false, relation.exists?(false)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
+    assert_deprecated do
+      Topic.exists?(Topic.new)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_fails_when_parameter_has_invalid_type
+    assert_raises(RangeError) do
+      assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(("9"*53).to_i) # number that's bigger than int
+    end
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?("foo")
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias
+    assert_sql(/SELECT\W+1 AS one FROM ["`]topics["`]/i) do
+      Topic.exists?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_returns_true_with_one_record_and_no_args
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_returns_false_with_false_arg
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(false)
+  end
+
+  # exists? should handle nil for id's that come from URLs and always return false
+  # (example: Topic.exists?(params[:id])) where params[:id] is nil
+  def test_exists_with_nil_arg
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(nil)
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?
+
+    assert_equal false, Topic.first.replies.exists?(nil)
+    assert_equal true, Topic.first.replies.exists?
+  end
+
+  # ensures +exists?+ runs valid SQL by excluding order value
+  def test_exists_with_order
+    assert_equal true, Topic.order(:id).distinct.exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result
+    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where('0 = 1').exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_and_limit
+    author = Author.first
+    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(0).exists?
+    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(1).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_limit_and_order
+    author = Author.first
+    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(0).exists?
+    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(1).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_empty_table_and_no_args_given
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
+    existing_address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_equal true, Customer.exists?(:address => existing_address)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_with_one_difference
+    existing_address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
+      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
+      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
+      Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_does_not_instantiate_records
+    Developer.expects(:instantiate).never
+    Developer.exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_array_of_one_id
+    assert_kind_of(Array, Topic.find([ 1 ]))
+    assert_equal(1, Topic.find([ 1 ]).length)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_ids
+    assert_equal 2, Topic.find(1, 2).size
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.find([2]).first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_ids_with_limit_and_offset
+    assert_equal 2, Entrant.limit(2).find([1,3,2]).size
+    assert_equal 1, Entrant.limit(3).offset(2).find([1,3,2]).size
+
+    # Also test an edge case: If you have 11 results, and you set a
+    #   limit of 3 and offset of 9, then you should find that there
+    #   will be only 2 results, regardless of the limit.
+    devs = Developer.all
+    last_devs = Developer.limit(3).offset(9).find devs.map(&:id)
+    assert_equal 2, last_devs.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_large_number
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find('9999999999999999999999999999999') }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_with_large_number
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by(id: '9999999999999999999999999999999')
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_id_with_large_number
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by_id('9999999999999999999999999999999')
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_relation_with_large_number
+    assert_nil Topic.where('1=1').find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Topic.where('1=1').find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_an_empty_array
+    assert_equal [], Topic.find([])
+  end
+
+  def test_find_doesnt_have_implicit_ordering
+    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Topic.find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_ids_missing_one
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find(1, 2, 45) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_group_and_sanitized_having_method
+    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select('salary').to_a
+    assert_equal 3, developers.size
+    assert_equal 3, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
+    assert developers.all? { |developer| developer.salary > 10000 }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_entire_select_statement
+    topics = Topic.find_by_sql "SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = 'Mary'"
+
+    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_prepared_select_statement
+    topics = Topic.find_by_sql ["SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = ?", "Mary"]
+
+    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_sql_with_sti_on_joined_table
+    accounts = Account.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM accounts INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = accounts.firm_id")
+    assert_equal [Account], accounts.collect(&:class).uniq
+  end
+
+  def test_take
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.take
+  end
+
+  def test_take_failing
+    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take
+  end
+
+  def test_take_bang_present
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").take!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_take_bang_missing
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_first_failing
+    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day!'").first
+  end
+
+  def test_first_bang_present
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first_bang_missing
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").first!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first_have_primary_key_order_by_default
+    expected = topics(:first)
+    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.first
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_first_bang
+    assert Topic.first!
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.first!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_second
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.second.title
+  end
+
+  def test_second_with_offset
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(3).second
+  end
+
+  def test_second_have_primary_key_order_by_default
+    expected = topics(:second)
+    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.second
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_second_bang
+    assert Topic.second!
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.second!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_third
+    assert_equal topics(:third).title, Topic.third.title
+  end
+
+  def test_third_with_offset
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(2).third
+  end
+
+  def test_third_have_primary_key_order_by_default
+    expected = topics(:third)
+    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.third
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_third_bang
+    assert Topic.third!
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.third!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_fourth
+    assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.fourth.title
+  end
+
+  def test_fourth_with_offset
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(1).fourth
+  end
+
+  def test_fourth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
+    expected = topics(:fourth)
+    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.fourth
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_fourth_bang
+    assert Topic.fourth!
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.fourth!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_fifth
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, Topic.fifth.title
+  end
+
+  def test_fifth_with_offset
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(0).fifth
+  end
+
+  def test_fifth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
+    expected = topics(:fifth)
+    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.fifth
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_fifth_bang
+    assert Topic.fifth!
+    Topic.delete_all
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.fifth!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_last_bang_present
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").last!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_last_bang_missing
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").last!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_model_class_responds_to_last_bang
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.last!
+    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
+      Topic.delete_all
+      Topic.last!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit
+    assert_sql(/LIMIT 3|ROWNUM <= 3/) { Topic.take(3).entries }
+    assert_sql(/LIMIT 2|ROWNUM <= 2/) { Topic.first(2).entries }
+    assert_sql(/LIMIT 5|ROWNUM <= 5/) { Topic.last(5).entries }
+  end
+
+  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order
+    assert_equal Topic.order("title").to_a.last(2), Topic.order("title").last(2)
+  end
+
+  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_not_use_sql_limit
+    query = assert_sql { Topic.order("title").last(5).entries }
+    assert_equal 1, query.length
+    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
+  end
+
+  def test_last_with_integer_and_reorder_should_not_use_sql_limit
+    query = assert_sql { Topic.reorder("title").last(5).entries }
+    assert_equal 1, query.length
+    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
+  end
+
+  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_return_an_array
+    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.take(5)
+    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.first(5)
+    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.last(5)
+  end
+
+  def test_unexisting_record_exception_handling
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
+      Topic.find(1).parent
+    }
+
+    Topic.find(2).topic
+  end
+
+  def test_find_only_some_columns
+    topic = Topic.select("author_name").find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title}
+    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title?}
+    assert_nil topic.read_attribute("title")
+    assert_equal "David", topic.author_name
+    assert !topic.attribute_present?("title")
+    assert !topic.attribute_present?(:title)
+    assert topic.attribute_present?("author_name")
+    assert_respond_to topic, "author_name"
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_array_conditions
+    assert Topic.where(["approved = ?", false]).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(["approved = ?", true]).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions
+    assert Topic.where(approved: false).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(approved: true).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name
+    assert Topic.where('topics.approved' => false).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved' => true).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_hashed_table_name
+    assert Topic.where(topics: { approved: false }).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(topics: { approved: true }).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
+    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(:accounts => { :credit_limit => 50 })
+    assert_equal 1, firms.size
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firms.first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table_and_with_range
+    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: 'RailsCore', accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 })
+    assert_equal 1, firms.size
+    assert_equal companies(:rails_core), firms.first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name_and_aggregate
+    david = customers(:david)
+    assert Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
+      Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_association_proxy_conditions
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_range
+    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2..3).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_end_exclusive_range
+    assert_equal [1,2,3], Topic.where(id: 1..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1...3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2...3).find(3) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_multiple_ranges
+    assert_equal [1,2,3], Comment.where(id: 1..3, post_id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1], Comment.where(id: 1..1, post_id: 1..10).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_ranges
+    assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_ranges
+    assert_equal [1,2,6,7,8], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 6..8]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [[1..2], 3, [5], 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_arrays
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [[1, 2], 3, 5, [6, [7], 8], 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges_and_nils
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal [1,3,4,5], Topic.where(parent_id: [[2..6], nil]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_nested_array_of_integers_and_ranges_and_more_nils
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal [], Topic.where(parent_id: [[7..10, nil, [nil]], [nil]]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_multiple_hash_conditions
+    assert Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "HHC", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1) }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_condition_interpolation
+    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where("name = '%s'", "37signals").first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
+    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
+  end
+
+  def test_condition_array_interpolation
+    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals"]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
+    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
+  end
+
+  def test_condition_hash_interpolation
+    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(name: "37signals").first
+    assert_nil Company.where(name: "37signals!").first
+    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(id: 1).first.written_on
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_malformed
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) {
+      Company.where(id: 2, dhh: true).first
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters
+    Company.create("name" => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff")
+    assert Company.where(name: "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff").first
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_array
+    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2]).order('id asc').to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2.id]).order('id asc').to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_nil
+    topic = Topic.where(last_read: nil).first
+    assert_not_nil topic
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
+    balance = customers(:david).balance
+    assert_kind_of Money, balance
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_aggregate
+    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
+    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
+    balance = customers(:david).balance
+    assert_kind_of Money, balance
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance.amount).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
+    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
+    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location.gps_location).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
+    address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_kind_of Address, address
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_one_condition_being_aggregate_and_another_not
+    address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_kind_of Address, address
+    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address, :name => customers(:david).name).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        topic = Topic.first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getutc]).first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        topic = Topic.first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getutc).first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        topic = Topic.first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        topic = Topic.first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getlocal).first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_variables
+    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals"]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!"]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
+    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = ?", 1]).first.written_on
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
+      Company.where(["id=? AND name = ?", 2]).first
+    }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
+     Company.where(["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_variables_with_quotes
+    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
+    assert Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals' go'es agains"]).first
+  end
+
+  def test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes
+    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
+    assert Company.where(["name = :name", {name: "37signals' go'es agains"}]).first
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_arity
+    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '' }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '', 1 }
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?' }
+    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '?', 1 }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?', 1, 1  }
+  end
+
+  def test_named_bind_variables
+    assert_equal '1', bind(':a', :a => 1) # ' ruby-mode
+    assert_equal '1 1', bind(':a :a', :a => 1)  # ' ruby-mode
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { bind("'+00:00'", :foo => "bar") }
+
+    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals" }]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!" }]).first
+    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!' OR 1=1" }]).first
+    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = :id", { id: 1 }]).first.written_on
+  end
+
+  class SimpleEnumerable
+    include Enumerable
+
+    def initialize(ary)
+      @ary = ary
+    end
+
+    def each(&b)
+      @ary.each(&b)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_enumerable
+    quoted_abc = %(#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('a')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('b')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('c')})
+
+    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', [1, 2, 3])
+    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', %w(a b c))
+
+    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => [1, 2, 3])
+    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => %w(a b c)) # '
+
+    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
+    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c)))
+
+    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
+    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c))) # '
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_empty_enumerable
+    quoted_nil = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(nil)
+    assert_equal quoted_nil, bind('?', [])
+    assert_equal " in (#{quoted_nil})", bind(' in (?)', [])
+    assert_equal "foo in (#{quoted_nil})", bind('foo in (?)', [])
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_empty_string
+    quoted_empty = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('')
+    assert_equal quoted_empty, bind('?', '')
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_chars
+    quoted_bambi = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi")
+    quoted_bambi_and_thumper = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi\nand\nThumper")
+    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi")
+    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper")
+    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi".mb_chars)
+    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper".mb_chars)
+  end
+
+  def test_bind_record
+    o = Struct.new(:quoted_id).new(1)
+    assert_equal '1', bind('?', o)
+
+    os = [o] * 3
+    assert_equal '1,1,1', bind('?', os)
+  end
+
+  def test_named_bind_with_postgresql_type_casts
+    l = Proc.new { bind(":a::integer '2009-01-01'::date", :a => '10') }
+    assert_nothing_raised(&l)
+    assert_equal "#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('10')}::integer '2009-01-01'::date", l.call
+  end
+
+  def test_string_sanitation
+    assert_not_equal "'something ' 1=1'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something ' 1=1")
+    assert_equal "'something; select table'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something; select table")
+  end
+
+  def test_count_by_sql
+    assert_equal(0, Entrant.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > 3"))
+    assert_equal(1, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 2]))
+    assert_equal(2, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 1]))
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic!")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic")
+    assert_raises_with_message(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic") do
+      Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic!")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_on_attribute_that_is_a_reserved_word
+    dog_alias = 'Dog'
+    dog = Dog.create(alias: dog_alias)
+
+    assert_equal dog, Dog.find_by_alias(dog_alias)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_alias
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic")
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic!")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined
+    blank_topic = BlankTopic.create(title: "The Blank One")
+    assert_equal blank_topic, BlankTopic.find_by_title!("The Blank One")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_conditions
+    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate
+    address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_kind_of Address, address
+    found_customer = Customer.find_by_address(address)
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate_with_one_attribute_difference
+    address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_kind_of Address, address
+    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city, address.country + "1")
+    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
+    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city + "1", address.country)
+    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
+    missing_address = Address.new(address.street + "1", address.city, address.country)
+    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_two_attributes_that_are_both_aggregates
+    balance = customers(:david).balance
+    address = customers(:david).address
+    assert_kind_of Money, balance
+    assert_kind_of Address, address
+    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_address(balance, address)
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_two_attributes_with_one_being_an_aggregate
+    balance = customers(:david).balance
+    assert_kind_of Money, balance
+    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_name(balance, customers(:david).name)
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_finder_on_one_attribute_with_conditions_returns_same_results_after_caching
+    # ensure this test can run independently of order
+    class << Account; self; end.send(:remove_method, :find_by_credit_limit) if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
+    a = Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+    assert_equal a, Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_several_options
+    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order('id DESC').where('id != ?', 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_one_missing_attribute
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_undertitle("The First Topic!") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_by_title("The First Topic") }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_title?("The First Topic") }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_or_create_by_title("Nonexistent Title") }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_or_create_by_title?("Nonexistent Title") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_two_attributes
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "Mary")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_two_attributes_but_passing_only_one
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_last_with_offset
+    devs = Developer.order('id')
+
+    assert_equal devs[2], Developer.offset(2).first
+    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
+    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
+    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).order('id DESC').first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_nil_attribute
+    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read nil
+    assert_not_nil topic
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_nil_and_not_nil_attributes
+    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read_and_author_name nil, "Mary"
+    assert_equal "Mary", topic.author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_bad_sql
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.find_by_sql "select 1 from badtable" }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_with_join
+    developers_on_project_one = Developer.
+      joins('LEFT JOIN developers_projects ON developers.id = developers_projects.developer_id').
+      where('project_id=1').to_a
+    assert_equal 3, developers_on_project_one.length
+    developer_names = developers_on_project_one.map { |d| d.name }
+    assert developer_names.include?('David')
+    assert developer_names.include?('Jamis')
+  end
+
+  def test_joins_dont_clobber_id
+    first = Firm.
+      joins('INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id').
+      where('companies.id = 1').first
+    assert_equal 1, first.id
+  end
+
+  def test_joins_with_string_array
+    person_with_reader_and_post = Post.
+      joins(["INNER JOIN categorizations ON categorizations.post_id = posts.id",
+             "INNER JOIN categories ON categories.id = categorizations.category_id AND categories.type = 'SpecialCategory'"
+            ])
+    assert_equal 1, person_with_reader_and_post.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_id_with_conditions_with_or
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1,2,3])
+    end
+  end
+
+  # http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/6778
+  def test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record
+    Post.create!(:title => 'test', :body => 'it out')
+    assert_equal [], Post.where(id: nil)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_empty_ids
+    assert_equal [], Post.find([])
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_empty_in_condition
+    assert_equal [], Post.where('id in (?)', [])
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_records
+    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2]]).order('id asc')
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2.id]]).order('id asc')
+  end
+
+  def test_select_value
+    assert_equal "37signals", Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = 1")
+    assert_nil Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = -1")
+    # make sure we didn't break count...
+    assert_equal 0, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = 'Halliburton'")
+    assert_equal 1, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = '37signals'")
+  end
+
+  def test_select_values
+    assert_equal ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9", "10", "11"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.to_s }
+    assert_equal ["37signals","Summit","Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux", "Apex"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
+  end
+
+  def test_select_rows
+    assert_equal(
+      [["1", "1", nil, "37signals"],
+       ["2", "1", "2", "Summit"],
+       ["3", "1", "1", "Microsoft"]],
+      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}})
+    assert_equal [["1", "37signals"], ["2", "Summit"], ["3", "Microsoft"]],
+      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}}
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct
+    assert_equal 2, Post.includes(authors: :author_address).
+      where.not(author_addresses: { id: nil }).
+      order('author_addresses.id DESC').limit(2).to_a.size
+
+    assert_equal 3, Post.includes(author: :author_address, authors: :author_address).
+      where.not(author_addresses_authors: { id: nil }).
+      order('author_addresses_authors.id DESC').limit(3).to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_one_attribute
+    client_of = Company.
+      where(client_of: [2, 1, nil],
+            name: ['37signals', 'Summit', 'Microsoft']).
+      order('client_of DESC').
+      map { |x| x.client_of }
+
+    assert client_of.include?(nil)
+    assert_equal [2, 1].sort, client_of.compact.sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_attribute
+    client_of = Company.
+      where(client_of: [nil]).
+      order('client_of DESC').
+      map { |x| x.client_of }
+
+    assert_equal [], client_of.compact
+  end
+
+  def test_with_limiting_with_custom_select
+    posts = Post.references(:authors).merge(
+      :includes => :author, :select => 'posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
+      :limit => 3, :order => 'posts.id'
+    ).to_a
+    assert_equal 3, posts.size
+    assert_equal [0, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_one_message_with_custom_primary_key
+    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
+      model.primary_key = :name
+      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+        model.find 'Hello World!'
+      end
+      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find MercedesCar with 'name'=Hello World!}, e.message
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_some_message_with_custom_primary_key
+    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
+      model.primary_key = :name
+      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+        model.find 'Hello', 'World!'
+      end
+      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find all MercedesCars with 'name': (Hello, World!) (found 0 results, but was looking for 2)}, e.message
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_without_primary_key
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::UnknownPrimaryKey) do
+      Matey.find(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_finder_with_offset_string
+    assert_nothing_raised(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.offset("3").to_a }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by returns nil if the record is missing" do
+    assert_equal nil, Post.find_by("1 = 0")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with associations" do
+    assert_equal authors(:david), Post.find_by(author: authors(:david)).author
+    assert_equal authors(:mary) , Post.find_by(author: authors(:mary) ).author
+  end
+
+  test "find_by doesn't have implicit ordering" do
+    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! doesn't have implicit ordering" do
+    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! raises RecordNotFound if the record is missing" do
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Post.find_by!("1 = 0")
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "find on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
+    honda = cars(:honda)
+    zyke = cars(:zyke)
+    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
+    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!
+
+    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find(tyre.id)
+    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find(tyre2.id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
+    honda = cars(:honda)
+    zyke = cars(:zyke)
+    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
+    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!
+
+    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre.id)
+    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre2.id)
+  end
+
+  protected
+    def bind(statement, *vars)
+      if vars.first.is_a?(Hash)
+        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_named_bind_variables, statement, vars.first)
+      else
+        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_bind_variables, statement, vars)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def table_with_custom_primary_key
+      yield(Class.new(Toy) do
+        def self.name
+          'MercedesCar'
+        end
+      end)
+    end
+
+    def assert_raises_with_message(exception_class, message, &block)
+      err = assert_raises(exception_class) { block.call }
+      assert_match message, err.message
+    end
+
+end