grpc 1.44.0.pre2-x86_64-linux → 1.46.3-x86_64-linux

data/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/types/span.h

@@ -0,0 +1,726 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// span.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This header file defines a `Span<T>` type for holding a reference to existing
+// array data. The `Span` object, much like the `absl::string_view` object,
+// does not own such data itself, and the data being referenced by the span must
+// outlive the span itself. Unlike `view` type references, a span can hold a
+// reference to mutable data (and can mutate it for underlying types of
+// non-const T.) A span provides a lightweight way to pass a reference to such
+// data.
+//
+// Additionally, this header file defines `MakeSpan()` and `MakeConstSpan()`
+// factory functions, for clearly creating spans of type `Span<T>` or read-only
+// `Span<const T>` when such types may be difficult to identify due to issues
+// with implicit conversion.
+//
+// The C++20 draft standard includes a `std::span` type. As of June 2020, the
+// differences between `absl::Span` and `std::span` are:
+//    * `absl::Span` has `operator==` (which is likely a design bug,
+//       per https://abseil.io/blog/20180531-regular-types)
+//    * `absl::Span` has the factory functions `MakeSpan()` and
+//      `MakeConstSpan()`
+//    * bounds-checked access to `absl::Span` is accomplished with `at()`
+//    * `absl::Span` has compiler-provided move and copy constructors and
+//      assignment. This is due to them being specified as `constexpr`, but that
+//      implies const in C++11.
+//    * A read-only `absl::Span<const T>` can be implicitly constructed from an
+//      initializer list.
+//    * `absl::Span` has no `bytes()`, `size_bytes()`, `as_bytes()`, or
+//      `as_mutable_bytes()` methods
+//    * `absl::Span` has no static extent template parameter, nor constructors
+//      which exist only because of the static extent parameter.
+//    * `absl::Span` has an explicit mutable-reference constructor
+//
+// For more information, see the class comments below.
+#ifndef ABSL_TYPES_SPAN_H_
+#define ABSL_TYPES_SPAN_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/base/internal/throw_delegate.h"
+#include "absl/base/macros.h"
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
+#include "absl/base/port.h"    // TODO(strel): remove this include
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+#include "absl/types/internal/span.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Span
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// A `Span` is an "array reference" type for holding a reference of contiguous
+// array data; the `Span` object does not and cannot own such data itself. A
+// span provides an easy way to provide overloads for anything operating on
+// contiguous sequences without needing to manage pointers and array lengths
+// manually.
+
+// A span is conceptually a pointer (ptr) and a length (size) into an already
+// existing array of contiguous memory; the array it represents references the
+// elements "ptr[0] .. ptr[size-1]". Passing a properly-constructed `Span`
+// instead of raw pointers avoids many issues related to index out of bounds
+// errors.
+//
+// Spans may also be constructed from containers holding contiguous sequences.
+// Such containers must supply `data()` and `size() const` methods (e.g
+// `std::vector<T>`, `absl::InlinedVector<T, N>`). All implicit conversions to
+// `absl::Span` from such containers will create spans of type `const T`;
+// spans which can mutate their values (of type `T`) must use explicit
+// constructors.
+//
+// A `Span<T>` is somewhat analogous to an `absl::string_view`, but for an array
+// of elements of type `T`, and unlike an `absl::string_view`, a span can hold a
+// reference to mutable data. A user of `Span` must ensure that the data being
+// pointed to outlives the `Span` itself.
+//
+// You can construct a `Span<T>` in several ways:
+//
+//   * Explicitly from a reference to a container type
+//   * Explicitly from a pointer and size
+//   * Implicitly from a container type (but only for spans of type `const T`)
+//   * Using the `MakeSpan()` or `MakeConstSpan()` factory functions.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   // Construct a Span explicitly from a container:
+//   std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+//   auto span = absl::Span<const int>(v);
+//
+//   // Construct a Span explicitly from a C-style array:
+//   int a[5] =  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+//   auto span = absl::Span<const int>(a);
+//
+//   // Construct a Span implicitly from a container
+//   void MyRoutine(absl::Span<const int> a) {
+//     ...
+//   }
+//   std::vector v = {1,2,3,4,5};
+//   MyRoutine(v)                     // convert to Span<const T>
+//
+// Note that `Span` objects, in addition to requiring that the memory they
+// point to remains alive, must also ensure that such memory does not get
+// reallocated. Therefore, to avoid undefined behavior, containers with
+// associated spans should not invoke operations that may reallocate memory
+// (such as resizing) or invalidate iterators into the container.
+//
+// One common use for a `Span` is when passing arguments to a routine that can
+// accept a variety of array types (e.g. a `std::vector`, `absl::InlinedVector`,
+// a C-style array, etc.). Instead of creating overloads for each case, you
+// can simply specify a `Span` as the argument to such a routine.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   void MyRoutine(absl::Span<const int> a) {
+//     ...
+//   }
+//
+//   std::vector v = {1,2,3,4,5};
+//   MyRoutine(v);
+//
+//   absl::InlinedVector<int, 4> my_inline_vector;
+//   MyRoutine(my_inline_vector);
+//
+//   // Explicit constructor from pointer,size
+//   int* my_array = new int[10];
+//   MyRoutine(absl::Span<const int>(my_array, 10));
+template <typename T>
+class Span {
+ private:
+  // Used to determine whether a Span can be constructed from a container of
+  // type C.
+  template <typename C>
+  using EnableIfConvertibleFrom =
+      typename std::enable_if<span_internal::HasData<T, C>::value &&
+                              span_internal::HasSize<C>::value>::type;
+
+  // Used to SFINAE-enable a function when the slice elements are const.
+  template <typename U>
+  using EnableIfConstView =
+      typename std::enable_if<std::is_const<T>::value, U>::type;
+
+  // Used to SFINAE-enable a function when the slice elements are mutable.
+  template <typename U>
+  using EnableIfMutableView =
+      typename std::enable_if<!std::is_const<T>::value, U>::type;
+
+ public:
+  using element_type = T;
+  using value_type = absl::remove_cv_t<T>;
+  using pointer = T*;
+  using const_pointer = const T*;
+  using reference = T&;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+  using iterator = pointer;
+  using const_iterator = const_pointer;
+  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
+  using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
+  using size_type = size_t;
+  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+
+  static const size_type npos = ~(size_type(0));
+
+  constexpr Span() noexcept : Span(nullptr, 0) {}
+  constexpr Span(pointer array, size_type length) noexcept
+      : ptr_(array), len_(length) {}
+
+  // Implicit conversion constructors
+  template <size_t N>
+  constexpr Span(T (&a)[N]) noexcept  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      : Span(a, N) {}
+
+  // Explicit reference constructor for a mutable `Span<T>` type. Can be
+  // replaced with MakeSpan() to infer the type parameter.
+  template <typename V, typename = EnableIfConvertibleFrom<V>,
+            typename = EnableIfMutableView<V>>
+  explicit Span(V& v) noexcept  // NOLINT(runtime/references)
+      : Span(span_internal::GetData(v), v.size()) {}
+
+  // Implicit reference constructor for a read-only `Span<const T>` type
+  template <typename V, typename = EnableIfConvertibleFrom<V>,
+            typename = EnableIfConstView<V>>
+  constexpr Span(const V& v) noexcept  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      : Span(span_internal::GetData(v), v.size()) {}
+
+  // Implicit constructor from an initializer list, making it possible to pass a
+  // brace-enclosed initializer list to a function expecting a `Span`. Such
+  // spans constructed from an initializer list must be of type `Span<const T>`.
+  //
+  //   void Process(absl::Span<const int> x);
+  //   Process({1, 2, 3});
+  //
+  // Note that as always the array referenced by the span must outlive the span.
+  // Since an initializer list constructor acts as if it is fed a temporary
+  // array (cf. C++ standard [dcl.init.list]/5), it's safe to use this
+  // constructor only when the `std::initializer_list` itself outlives the span.
+  // In order to meet this requirement it's sufficient to ensure that neither
+  // the span nor a copy of it is used outside of the expression in which it's
+  // created:
+  //
+  //   // Assume that this function uses the array directly, not retaining any
+  //   // copy of the span or pointer to any of its elements.
+  //   void Process(absl::Span<const int> ints);
+  //
+  //   // Okay: the std::initializer_list<int> will reference a temporary array
+  //   // that isn't destroyed until after the call to Process returns.
+  //   Process({ 17, 19 });
+  //
+  //   // Not okay: the storage used by the std::initializer_list<int> is not
+  //   // allowed to be referenced after the first line.
+  //   absl::Span<const int> ints = { 17, 19 };
+  //   Process(ints);
+  //
+  //   // Not okay for the same reason as above: even when the elements of the
+  //   // initializer list expression are not temporaries the underlying array
+  //   // is, so the initializer list must still outlive the span.
+  //   const int foo = 17;
+  //   absl::Span<const int> ints = { foo };
+  //   Process(ints);
+  //
+  template <typename LazyT = T,
+            typename = EnableIfConstView<LazyT>>
+  Span(std::initializer_list<value_type> v
+           ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_LIFETIME_BOUND) noexcept  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      : Span(v.begin(), v.size()) {}
+
+  // Accessors
+
+  // Span::data()
+  //
+  // Returns a pointer to the span's underlying array of data (which is held
+  // outside the span).
+  constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return ptr_; }
+
+  // Span::size()
+  //
+  // Returns the size of this span.
+  constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return len_; }
+
+  // Span::length()
+  //
+  // Returns the length (size) of this span.
+  constexpr size_type length() const noexcept { return size(); }
+
+  // Span::empty()
+  //
+  // Returns a boolean indicating whether or not this span is considered empty.
+  constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
+
+  // Span::operator[]
+  //
+  // Returns a reference to the i'th element of this span.
+  constexpr reference operator[](size_type i) const noexcept {
+    // MSVC 2015 accepts this as constexpr, but not ptr_[i]
+    return ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(i < size()), *(data() + i);
+  }
+
+  // Span::at()
+  //
+  // Returns a reference to the i'th element of this span.
+  constexpr reference at(size_type i) const {
+    return ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(i < size())  //
+               ? *(data() + i)
+               : (base_internal::ThrowStdOutOfRange(
+                      "Span::at failed bounds check"),
+                  *(data() + i));
+  }
+
+  // Span::front()
+  //
+  // Returns a reference to the first element of this span. The span must not
+  // be empty.
+  constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
+    return ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(size() > 0), *data();
+  }
+
+  // Span::back()
+  //
+  // Returns a reference to the last element of this span. The span must not
+  // be empty.
+  constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
+    return ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(size() > 0), *(data() + size() - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Span::begin()
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator pointing to the first element of this span, or `end()`
+  // if the span is empty.
+  constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return data(); }
+
+  // Span::cbegin()
+  //
+  // Returns a const iterator pointing to the first element of this span, or
+  // `end()` if the span is empty.
+  constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return begin(); }
+
+  // Span::end()
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator pointing just beyond the last element at the
+  // end of this span. This iterator acts as a placeholder; attempting to
+  // access it results in undefined behavior.
+  constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return data() + size(); }
+
+  // Span::cend()
+  //
+  // Returns a const iterator pointing just beyond the last element at the
+  // end of this span. This iterator acts as a placeholder; attempting to
+  // access it results in undefined behavior.
+  constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return end(); }
+
+  // Span::rbegin()
+  //
+  // Returns a reverse iterator pointing to the last element at the end of this
+  // span, or `rend()` if the span is empty.
+  constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept {
+    return reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+
+  // Span::crbegin()
+  //
+  // Returns a const reverse iterator pointing to the last element at the end of
+  // this span, or `crend()` if the span is empty.
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept { return rbegin(); }
+
+  // Span::rend()
+  //
+  // Returns a reverse iterator pointing just before the first element
+  // at the beginning of this span. This pointer acts as a placeholder;
+  // attempting to access its element results in undefined behavior.
+  constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept {
+    return reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+
+  // Span::crend()
+  //
+  // Returns a reverse const iterator pointing just before the first element
+  // at the beginning of this span. This pointer acts as a placeholder;
+  // attempting to access its element results in undefined behavior.
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept { return rend(); }
+
+  // Span mutations
+
+  // Span::remove_prefix()
+  //
+  // Removes the first `n` elements from the span.
+  void remove_prefix(size_type n) noexcept {
+    ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(size() >= n);
+    ptr_ += n;
+    len_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // Span::remove_suffix()
+  //
+  // Removes the last `n` elements from the span.
+  void remove_suffix(size_type n) noexcept {
+    ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(size() >= n);
+    len_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // Span::subspan()
+  //
+  // Returns a `Span` starting at element `pos` and of length `len`. Both `pos`
+  // and `len` are of type `size_type` and thus non-negative. Parameter `pos`
+  // must be <= size(). Any `len` value that points past the end of the span
+  // will be trimmed to at most size() - `pos`. A default `len` value of `npos`
+  // ensures the returned subspan continues until the end of the span.
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //
+  //   std::vector<int> vec = {10, 11, 12, 13};
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).subspan(1, 2);  // {11, 12}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).subspan(2, 8);  // {12, 13}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).subspan(1);     // {11, 12, 13}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).subspan(4);     // {}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).subspan(5);     // throws std::out_of_range
+  constexpr Span subspan(size_type pos = 0, size_type len = npos) const {
+    return (pos <= size())
+               ? Span(data() + pos, span_internal::Min(size() - pos, len))
+               : (base_internal::ThrowStdOutOfRange("pos > size()"), Span());
+  }
+
+  // Span::first()
+  //
+  // Returns a `Span` containing first `len` elements. Parameter `len` is of
+  // type `size_type` and thus non-negative. `len` value must be <= size().
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //
+  //   std::vector<int> vec = {10, 11, 12, 13};
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).first(1);  // {10}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).first(3);  // {10, 11, 12}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).first(5);  // throws std::out_of_range
+  constexpr Span first(size_type len) const {
+    return (len <= size())
+               ? Span(data(), len)
+               : (base_internal::ThrowStdOutOfRange("len > size()"), Span());
+  }
+
+  // Span::last()
+  //
+  // Returns a `Span` containing last `len` elements. Parameter `len` is of
+  // type `size_type` and thus non-negative. `len` value must be <= size().
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //
+  //   std::vector<int> vec = {10, 11, 12, 13};
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).last(1);  // {13}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).last(3);  // {11, 12, 13}
+  //   absl::MakeSpan(vec).last(5);  // throws std::out_of_range
+  constexpr Span last(size_type len) const {
+    return (len <= size())
+               ? Span(size() - len + data(), len)
+               : (base_internal::ThrowStdOutOfRange("len > size()"), Span());
+  }
+
+  // Support for absl::Hash.
+  template <typename H>
+  friend H AbslHashValue(H h, Span v) {
+    return H::combine(H::combine_contiguous(std::move(h), v.data(), v.size()),
+                      v.size());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pointer ptr_;
+  size_type len_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+const typename Span<T>::size_type Span<T>::npos;
+
+// Span relationals
+
+// Equality is compared element-by-element, while ordering is lexicographical.
+// We provide three overloads for each operator to cover any combination on the
+// left or right hand side of mutable Span<T>, read-only Span<const T>, and
+// convertible-to-read-only Span<T>.
+// TODO(zhangxy): Due to MSVC overload resolution bug with partial ordering
+// template functions, 5 overloads per operator is needed as a workaround. We
+// should update them to 3 overloads per operator using non-deduced context like
+// string_view, i.e.
+// - (Span<T>, Span<T>)
+// - (Span<T>, non_deduced<Span<const T>>)
+// - (non_deduced<Span<const T>>, Span<T>)
+
+// operator==
+template <typename T>
+bool operator==(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::EqualImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator==(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::EqualImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator==(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return span_internal::EqualImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator==(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::EqualImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator==(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return span_internal::EqualImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+
+// operator!=
+template <typename T>
+bool operator!=(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a == b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator!=(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a == b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator!=(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return !(a == b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator!=(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a == b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator!=(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return !(a == b);
+}
+
+// operator<
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::LessThanImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::LessThanImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return span_internal::LessThanImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator<(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return span_internal::LessThanImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator<(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return span_internal::LessThanImpl<Span, const T>(a, b);
+}
+
+// operator>
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return b < a;
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return b < a;
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return b < a;
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator>(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return b < a;
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator>(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return b < a;
+}
+
+// operator<=
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<=(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(b < a);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<=(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(b < a);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator<=(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return !(b < a);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator<=(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(b < a);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator<=(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return !(b < a);
+}
+
+// operator>=
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>=(Span<T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a < b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>=(Span<const T> a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a < b);
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool operator>=(Span<T> a, Span<const T> b) {
+  return !(a < b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator>=(const U& a, Span<T> b) {
+  return !(a < b);
+}
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    typename = span_internal::EnableIfConvertibleTo<U, absl::Span<const T>>>
+bool operator>=(Span<T> a, const U& b) {
+  return !(a < b);
+}
+
+// MakeSpan()
+//
+// Constructs a mutable `Span<T>`, deducing `T` automatically from either a
+// container or pointer+size.
+//
+// Because a read-only `Span<const T>` is implicitly constructed from container
+// types regardless of whether the container itself is a const container,
+// constructing mutable spans of type `Span<T>` from containers requires
+// explicit constructors. The container-accepting version of `MakeSpan()`
+// deduces the type of `T` by the constness of the pointer received from the
+// container's `data()` member. Similarly, the pointer-accepting version returns
+// a `Span<const T>` if `T` is `const`, and a `Span<T>` otherwise.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   void MyRoutine(absl::Span<MyComplicatedType> a) {
+//     ...
+//   };
+//   // my_vector is a container of non-const types
+//   std::vector<MyComplicatedType> my_vector;
+//
+//   // Constructing a Span implicitly attempts to create a Span of type
+//   // `Span<const T>`
+//   MyRoutine(my_vector);                // error, type mismatch
+//
+//   // Explicitly constructing the Span is verbose
+//   MyRoutine(absl::Span<MyComplicatedType>(my_vector));
+//
+//   // Use MakeSpan() to make an absl::Span<T>
+//   MyRoutine(absl::MakeSpan(my_vector));
+//
+//   // Construct a span from an array ptr+size
+//   absl::Span<T> my_span() {
+//     return absl::MakeSpan(&array[0], num_elements_);
+//   }
+//
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T>
+constexpr Span<T> MakeSpan(T* ptr, size_t size) noexcept {
+  return Span<T>(ptr, size);
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T>
+Span<T> MakeSpan(T* begin, T* end) noexcept {
+  return ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(begin <= end), Span<T>(begin, end - begin);
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename C>
+constexpr auto MakeSpan(C& c) noexcept  // NOLINT(runtime/references)
+    -> decltype(absl::MakeSpan(span_internal::GetData(c), c.size())) {
+  return MakeSpan(span_internal::GetData(c), c.size());
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T, size_t N>
+constexpr Span<T> MakeSpan(T (&array)[N]) noexcept {
+  return Span<T>(array, N);
+}
+
+// MakeConstSpan()
+//
+// Constructs a `Span<const T>` as with `MakeSpan`, deducing `T` automatically,
+// but always returning a `Span<const T>`.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   void ProcessInts(absl::Span<const int> some_ints);
+//
+//   // Call with a pointer and size.
+//   int array[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
+//   ProcessInts(absl::MakeConstSpan(&array[0], 3));
+//
+//   // Call with a [begin, end) pair.
+//   ProcessInts(absl::MakeConstSpan(&array[0], &array[3]));
+//
+//   // Call directly with an array.
+//   ProcessInts(absl::MakeConstSpan(array));
+//
+//   // Call with a contiguous container.
+//   std::vector<int> some_ints = ...;
+//   ProcessInts(absl::MakeConstSpan(some_ints));
+//   ProcessInts(absl::MakeConstSpan(std::vector<int>{ 0, 0, 0 }));
+//
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T>
+constexpr Span<const T> MakeConstSpan(T* ptr, size_t size) noexcept {
+  return Span<const T>(ptr, size);
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T>
+Span<const T> MakeConstSpan(T* begin, T* end) noexcept {
+  return ABSL_HARDENING_ASSERT(begin <= end), Span<const T>(begin, end - begin);
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename C>
+constexpr auto MakeConstSpan(const C& c) noexcept -> decltype(MakeSpan(c)) {
+  return MakeSpan(c);
+}
+
+template <int&... ExplicitArgumentBarrier, typename T, size_t N>
+constexpr Span<const T> MakeConstSpan(const T (&array)[N]) noexcept {
+  return Span<const T>(array, N);
+}
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_TYPES_SPAN_H_