grpc 1.32.0 → 1.52.0

data/src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.cc

@@ -1,50 +1,59 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015-2016 gRPC authors.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- */
+//
+//
+// Copyright 2015-2016 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+//
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.h"
 
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <new>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
 
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/atm.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
-#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/sync.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
 #include "src/core/lib/debug/stats.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/spinlock.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gpr/tls.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/atomic.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/atomic_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/debug_location.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/status_helper.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/executor.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/api_trace.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/event_string.h"
 
 grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_trace_operation_failures(false, "op_failure");
@@ -58,8 +67,8 @@ namespace {
 // with a cq cache will go into that cache, and
 // will only be returned on the thread that initialized the cache.
 // NOTE: Only one event will ever be cached.
-GPR_TLS_DECL(g_cached_event);
-GPR_TLS_DECL(g_cached_cq);
+thread_local grpc_cq_completion* g_cached_event;
+thread_local grpc_completion_queue* g_cached_cq;
 
 struct plucker {
   grpc_pollset_worker** worker;
@@ -70,10 +79,10 @@ struct cq_poller_vtable {
   bool can_listen;
   size_t (*size)(void);
   void (*init)(grpc_pollset* pollset, gpr_mu** mu);
-  grpc_error* (*kick)(grpc_pollset* pollset,
-                      grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker);
-  grpc_error* (*work)(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_pollset_worker** worker,
-                      grpc_millis deadline);
+  grpc_error_handle (*kick)(grpc_pollset* pollset,
+                            grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker);
+  grpc_error_handle (*work)(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_pollset_worker** worker,
+                            grpc_core::Timestamp deadline);
   void (*shutdown)(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_closure* closure);
   void (*destroy)(grpc_pollset* pollset);
 };
@@ -103,14 +112,14 @@ void non_polling_poller_destroy(grpc_pollset* pollset) {
   gpr_mu_destroy(&npp->mu);
 }
 
-grpc_error* non_polling_poller_work(grpc_pollset* pollset,
-                                    grpc_pollset_worker** worker,
-                                    grpc_millis deadline) {
+grpc_error_handle non_polling_poller_work(grpc_pollset* pollset,
+                                          grpc_pollset_worker** worker,
+                                          grpc_core::Timestamp deadline) {
   non_polling_poller* npp = reinterpret_cast<non_polling_poller*>(pollset);
-  if (npp->shutdown) return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  if (npp->shutdown) return absl::OkStatus();
   if (npp->kicked_without_poller) {
     npp->kicked_without_poller = false;
-    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+    return absl::OkStatus();
   }
   non_polling_worker w;
   gpr_cv_init(&w.cv);
@@ -123,17 +132,17 @@ grpc_error* non_polling_poller_work(grpc_pollset* pollset,
     w.next->prev = w.prev->next = &w;
   }
   w.kicked = false;
-  gpr_timespec deadline_ts =
-      grpc_millis_to_timespec(deadline, GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+  gpr_timespec deadline_ts = deadline.as_timespec(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
   while (!npp->shutdown && !w.kicked &&
-         !gpr_cv_wait(&w.cv, &npp->mu, deadline_ts))
-    ;
+         !gpr_cv_wait(&w.cv, &npp->mu, deadline_ts)) {
+  }
   grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->InvalidateNow();
   if (&w == npp->root) {
     npp->root = w.next;
     if (&w == npp->root) {
       if (npp->shutdown) {
-        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, npp->shutdown, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, npp->shutdown,
+                                absl::OkStatus());
       }
       npp->root = nullptr;
     }
@@ -142,14 +151,15 @@ grpc_error* non_polling_poller_work(grpc_pollset* pollset,
   w.prev->next = w.next;
   gpr_cv_destroy(&w.cv);
   if (worker != nullptr) *worker = nullptr;
-  return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  return absl::OkStatus();
 }
 
-grpc_error* non_polling_poller_kick(grpc_pollset* pollset,
-                                    grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker) {
+grpc_error_handle non_polling_poller_kick(
+    grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker) {
   non_polling_poller* p = reinterpret_cast<non_polling_poller*>(pollset);
-  if (specific_worker == nullptr)
+  if (specific_worker == nullptr) {
     specific_worker = reinterpret_cast<grpc_pollset_worker*>(p->root);
+  }
   if (specific_worker != nullptr) {
     non_polling_worker* w =
         reinterpret_cast<non_polling_worker*>(specific_worker);
@@ -160,7 +170,7 @@ grpc_error* non_polling_poller_kick(grpc_pollset* pollset,
   } else {
     p->kicked_without_poller = true;
   }
-  return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  return absl::OkStatus();
 }
 
 void non_polling_poller_shutdown(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_closure* closure) {
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ void non_polling_poller_shutdown(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_closure* closure) {
   GPR_ASSERT(closure != nullptr);
   p->shutdown = closure;
   if (p->root == nullptr) {
-    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, closure, absl::OkStatus());
   } else {
     non_polling_worker* w = p->root;
     do {
@@ -179,13 +189,13 @@ void non_polling_poller_shutdown(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_closure* closure) {
 }
 
 const cq_poller_vtable g_poller_vtable_by_poller_type[] = {
-    /* GRPC_CQ_DEFAULT_POLLING */
+    // GRPC_CQ_DEFAULT_POLLING
     {true, true, grpc_pollset_size, grpc_pollset_init, grpc_pollset_kick,
      grpc_pollset_work, grpc_pollset_shutdown, grpc_pollset_destroy},
-    /* GRPC_CQ_NON_LISTENING */
+    // GRPC_CQ_NON_LISTENING
     {true, false, grpc_pollset_size, grpc_pollset_init, grpc_pollset_kick,
      grpc_pollset_work, grpc_pollset_shutdown, grpc_pollset_destroy},
-    /* GRPC_CQ_NON_POLLING */
+    // GRPC_CQ_NON_POLLING
     {false, false, non_polling_poller_size, non_polling_poller_init,
      non_polling_poller_kick, non_polling_poller_work,
      non_polling_poller_shutdown, non_polling_poller_destroy},
@@ -196,12 +206,11 @@ const cq_poller_vtable g_poller_vtable_by_poller_type[] = {
 struct cq_vtable {
   grpc_cq_completion_type cq_completion_type;
   size_t data_size;
-  void (*init)(void* data,
-               grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
+  void (*init)(void* data, grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
   void (*shutdown)(grpc_completion_queue* cq);
   void (*destroy)(void* data);
   bool (*begin_op)(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag);
-  void (*end_op)(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+  void (*end_op)(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
                  void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage),
                  void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool internal);
   grpc_event (*next)(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
@@ -212,58 +221,58 @@ struct cq_vtable {
 
 namespace {
 
-/* Queue that holds the cq_completion_events. Internally uses
- * MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue (a lockfree multiproducer single consumer
- * queue). It uses a queue_lock to support multiple consumers.
- * Only used in completion queues whose completion_type is GRPC_CQ_NEXT */
+// Queue that holds the cq_completion_events. Internally uses
+// MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue (a lockfree multiproducer single consumer
+// queue). It uses a queue_lock to support multiple consumers.
+// Only used in completion queues whose completion_type is GRPC_CQ_NEXT
 class CqEventQueue {
  public:
   CqEventQueue() = default;
   ~CqEventQueue() = default;
 
-  /* Note: The counter is not incremented/decremented atomically with push/pop.
-   * The count is only eventually consistent */
+  // Note: The counter is not incremented/decremented atomically with push/pop.
+  // The count is only eventually consistent
   intptr_t num_items() const {
-    return num_queue_items_.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+    return num_queue_items_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
   }
 
   bool Push(grpc_cq_completion* c);
   grpc_cq_completion* Pop();
 
  private:
-  /* Spinlock to serialize consumers i.e pop() operations */
+  // Spinlock to serialize consumers i.e pop() operations
   gpr_spinlock queue_lock_ = GPR_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
 
   grpc_core::MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue queue_;
 
-  /* A lazy counter of number of items in the queue. This is NOT atomically
-     incremented/decremented along with push/pop operations and hence is only
-     eventually consistent */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> num_queue_items_{0};
+  // A lazy counter of number of items in the queue. This is NOT atomically
+  // incremented/decremented along with push/pop operations and hence is only
+  // eventually consistent
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> num_queue_items_{0};
 };
 
 struct cq_next_data {
   ~cq_next_data() {
     GPR_ASSERT(queue.num_items() == 0);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) != 0) {
+    if (pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != 0) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Destroying CQ without draining it fully.");
     }
 #endif
   }
 
-  /** Completed events for completion-queues of type GRPC_CQ_NEXT */
+  /// Completed events for completion-queues of type GRPC_CQ_NEXT
   CqEventQueue queue;
 
-  /** Counter of how many things have ever been queued on this completion queue
-      useful for avoiding locks to check the queue */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> things_queued_ever{0};
+  /// Counter of how many things have ever been queued on this completion queue
+  /// useful for avoiding locks to check the queue
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> things_queued_ever{0};
 
-  /** Number of outstanding events (+1 if not shut down)
-      Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
+  /// Number of outstanding events (+1 if not shut down)
+  /// Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
 
-  /** 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown */
+  /// 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown
   bool shutdown_called = false;
 };
 
@@ -277,31 +286,31 @@ struct cq_pluck_data {
     GPR_ASSERT(completed_head.next ==
                reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&completed_head));
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) != 0) {
+    if (pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != 0) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Destroying CQ without draining it fully.");
     }
 #endif
   }
 
-  /** Completed events for completion-queues of type GRPC_CQ_PLUCK */
+  /// Completed events for completion-queues of type GRPC_CQ_PLUCK
   grpc_cq_completion completed_head;
   grpc_cq_completion* completed_tail;
 
-  /** Number of pending events (+1 if we're not shutdown).
-      Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown. */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
+  /// Number of pending events (+1 if we're not shutdown).
+  /// Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown.
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
 
-  /** Counter of how many things have ever been queued on this completion queue
-      useful for avoiding locks to check the queue */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> things_queued_ever{0};
+  /// Counter of how many things have ever been queued on this completion queue
+  /// useful for avoiding locks to check the queue
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> things_queued_ever{0};
 
-  /** 0 initially. 1 once we completed shutting */
-  /* TODO: (sreek) This is not needed since (shutdown == 1) if and only if
-   * (pending_events == 0). So consider removing this in future and use
-   * pending_events */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<bool> shutdown{false};
+  /// 0 initially. 1 once we completed shutting
+  // TODO(sreek): This is not needed since (shutdown == 1) if and only if
+  // (pending_events == 0). So consider removing this in future and use
+  // pending_events
+  std::atomic<bool> shutdown{false};
 
-  /** 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown */
+  /// 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown
   bool shutdown_called = false;
 
   int num_pluckers = 0;
@@ -309,36 +318,35 @@ struct cq_pluck_data {
 };
 
 struct cq_callback_data {
-  cq_callback_data(
-      grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback)
+  explicit cq_callback_data(grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback)
       : shutdown_callback(shutdown_callback) {}
 
   ~cq_callback_data() {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) != 0) {
+    if (pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != 0) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Destroying CQ without draining it fully.");
     }
 #endif
   }
 
-  /** No actual completed events queue, unlike other types */
+  /// No actual completed events queue, unlike other types
 
-  /** Number of pending events (+1 if we're not shutdown).
-      Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown. */
-  grpc_core::Atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
+  /// Number of pending events (+1 if we're not shutdown).
+  /// Initial count is dropped by grpc_completion_queue_shutdown.
+  std::atomic<intptr_t> pending_events{1};
 
-  /** 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown */
+  /// 0 initially. 1 once we initiated shutdown
   bool shutdown_called = false;
 
-  /** A callback that gets invoked when the CQ completes shutdown */
-  grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback;
+  /// A callback that gets invoked when the CQ completes shutdown
+  grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
 
-/* Completion queue structure */
+// Completion queue structure
 struct grpc_completion_queue {
-  /** Once owning_refs drops to zero, we will destroy the cq */
+  /// Once owning_refs drops to zero, we will destroy the cq
   grpc_core::RefCount owning_refs;
 
   gpr_mu* mu;
@@ -356,7 +364,7 @@ struct grpc_completion_queue {
   int num_polls;
 };
 
-/* Forward declarations */
+// Forward declarations
 static void cq_finish_shutdown_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq);
 static void cq_finish_shutdown_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq);
 static void cq_finish_shutdown_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq);
@@ -375,17 +383,17 @@ static bool cq_begin_op_for_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag);
 // safe to free up that storage. The storage MUST NOT be freed until the
 // done callback is invoked.
 static void cq_end_op_for_next(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool internal);
 
 static void cq_end_op_for_pluck(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool internal);
 
 static void cq_end_op_for_callback(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool internal);
 
@@ -396,35 +404,35 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
                            gpr_timespec deadline, void* reserved);
 
 // Note that cq_init_next and cq_init_pluck do not use the shutdown_callback
-static void cq_init_next(
-    void* data, grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
-static void cq_init_pluck(
-    void* data, grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
-static void cq_init_callback(
-    void* data, grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
+static void cq_init_next(void* data,
+                         grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
+static void cq_init_pluck(void* data,
+                          grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
+static void cq_init_callback(void* data,
+                             grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback);
 static void cq_destroy_next(void* data);
 static void cq_destroy_pluck(void* data);
 static void cq_destroy_callback(void* data);
 
-/* Completion queue vtables based on the completion-type */
+// Completion queue vtables based on the completion-type
 static const cq_vtable g_cq_vtable[] = {
-    /* GRPC_CQ_NEXT */
+    // GRPC_CQ_NEXT
     {GRPC_CQ_NEXT, sizeof(cq_next_data), cq_init_next, cq_shutdown_next,
      cq_destroy_next, cq_begin_op_for_next, cq_end_op_for_next, cq_next,
      nullptr},
-    /* GRPC_CQ_PLUCK */
+    // GRPC_CQ_PLUCK
     {GRPC_CQ_PLUCK, sizeof(cq_pluck_data), cq_init_pluck, cq_shutdown_pluck,
      cq_destroy_pluck, cq_begin_op_for_pluck, cq_end_op_for_pluck, nullptr,
      cq_pluck},
-    /* GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK */
+    // GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK
     {GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK, sizeof(cq_callback_data), cq_init_callback,
      cq_shutdown_callback, cq_destroy_callback, cq_begin_op_for_callback,
      cq_end_op_for_callback, nullptr, nullptr},
 };
 
-#define DATA_FROM_CQ(cq) ((void*)(cq + 1))
+#define DATA_FROM_CQ(cq) ((void*)((cq) + 1))
 #define POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq) \
-  ((grpc_pollset*)(cq->vtable->data_size + (char*)DATA_FROM_CQ(cq)))
+  ((grpc_pollset*)((cq)->vtable->data_size + (char*)DATA_FROM_CQ(cq)))
 
 grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_cq_pluck_trace(false, "queue_pluck");
 
@@ -438,34 +446,27 @@ grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_cq_pluck_trace(false, "queue_pluck");
     }                                                    \
   } while (0)
 
-static void on_pollset_shutdown_done(void* cq, grpc_error* error);
-
-void grpc_cq_global_init() {
-  gpr_tls_init(&g_cached_event);
-  gpr_tls_init(&g_cached_cq);
-}
+static void on_pollset_shutdown_done(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 
 void grpc_completion_queue_thread_local_cache_init(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
-  if ((grpc_completion_queue*)gpr_tls_get(&g_cached_cq) == nullptr) {
-    gpr_tls_set(&g_cached_event, (intptr_t)0);
-    gpr_tls_set(&g_cached_cq, (intptr_t)cq);
+  if (g_cached_cq == nullptr) {
+    g_cached_event = nullptr;
+    g_cached_cq = cq;
   }
 }
 
 int grpc_completion_queue_thread_local_cache_flush(grpc_completion_queue* cq,
                                                    void** tag, int* ok) {
-  grpc_cq_completion* storage =
-      (grpc_cq_completion*)gpr_tls_get(&g_cached_event);
+  grpc_cq_completion* storage = g_cached_event;
   int ret = 0;
-  if (storage != nullptr &&
-      (grpc_completion_queue*)gpr_tls_get(&g_cached_cq) == cq) {
+  if (storage != nullptr && g_cached_cq == cq) {
     *tag = storage->tag;
     grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
-    *ok = (storage->next & static_cast<uintptr_t>(1)) == 1;
+    *ok = (storage->next & uintptr_t{1}) == 1;
     storage->done(storage->done_arg, storage);
     ret = 1;
     cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-    if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+    if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
       GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down");
       gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
       cq_finish_shutdown_next(cq);
@@ -473,8 +474,8 @@ int grpc_completion_queue_thread_local_cache_flush(grpc_completion_queue* cq,
       GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_UNREF(cq, "shutting_down");
     }
   }
-  gpr_tls_set(&g_cached_event, (intptr_t)0);
-  gpr_tls_set(&g_cached_cq, (intptr_t)0);
+  g_cached_event = nullptr;
+  g_cached_cq = nullptr;
 
   return ret;
 }
@@ -482,28 +483,20 @@ int grpc_completion_queue_thread_local_cache_flush(grpc_completion_queue* cq,
 bool CqEventQueue::Push(grpc_cq_completion* c) {
   queue_.Push(
       reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue::Node*>(c));
-  return num_queue_items_.FetchAdd(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED) == 0;
+  return num_queue_items_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0;
 }
 
 grpc_cq_completion* CqEventQueue::Pop() {
   grpc_cq_completion* c = nullptr;
 
   if (gpr_spinlock_trylock(&queue_lock_)) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_CQ_EV_QUEUE_TRYLOCK_SUCCESSES();
-
     bool is_empty = false;
     c = reinterpret_cast<grpc_cq_completion*>(queue_.PopAndCheckEnd(&is_empty));
     gpr_spinlock_unlock(&queue_lock_);
-
-    if (c == nullptr && !is_empty) {
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_CQ_EV_QUEUE_TRANSIENT_POP_FAILURES();
-    }
-  } else {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_CQ_EV_QUEUE_TRYLOCK_FAILURES();
   }
 
   if (c) {
-    num_queue_items_.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+    num_queue_items_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   }
 
   return c;
@@ -511,9 +504,7 @@ grpc_cq_completion* CqEventQueue::Pop() {
 
 grpc_completion_queue* grpc_completion_queue_create_internal(
     grpc_cq_completion_type completion_type, grpc_cq_polling_type polling_type,
-    grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_completion_queue_create_internal", 0);
-
+    grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback) {
   grpc_completion_queue* cq;
 
   GRPC_API_TRACE(
@@ -521,12 +512,23 @@ grpc_completion_queue* grpc_completion_queue_create_internal(
       "polling_type=%d)",
       2, (completion_type, polling_type));
 
+  switch (completion_type) {
+    case GRPC_CQ_NEXT:
+      grpc_core::global_stats().IncrementCqNextCreates();
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CQ_PLUCK:
+      grpc_core::global_stats().IncrementCqPluckCreates();
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK:
+      grpc_core::global_stats().IncrementCqCallbackCreates();
+      break;
+  }
+
   const cq_vtable* vtable = &g_cq_vtable[completion_type];
   const cq_poller_vtable* poller_vtable =
       &g_poller_vtable_by_poller_type[polling_type];
 
   grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
-  GRPC_STATS_INC_CQS_CREATED();
 
   cq = static_cast<grpc_completion_queue*>(
       gpr_zalloc(sizeof(grpc_completion_queue) + vtable->data_size +
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ grpc_completion_queue* grpc_completion_queue_create_internal(
   cq->vtable = vtable;
   cq->poller_vtable = poller_vtable;
 
-  /* One for destroy(), one for pollset_shutdown */
+  // One for destroy(), one for pollset_shutdown
   new (&cq->owning_refs) grpc_core::RefCount(2);
 
   poller_vtable->init(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), &cq->mu);
@@ -546,9 +548,8 @@ grpc_completion_queue* grpc_completion_queue_create_internal(
   return cq;
 }
 
-static void cq_init_next(
-    void* data,
-    grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* /*shutdown_callback*/) {
+static void cq_init_next(void* data,
+                         grpc_completion_queue_functor* /*shutdown_callback*/) {
   new (data) cq_next_data();
 }
 
@@ -558,8 +559,7 @@ static void cq_destroy_next(void* data) {
 }
 
 static void cq_init_pluck(
-    void* data,
-    grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* /*shutdown_callback*/) {
+    void* data, grpc_completion_queue_functor* /*shutdown_callback*/) {
   new (data) cq_pluck_data();
 }
 
@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@ static void cq_destroy_pluck(void* data) {
   cqd->~cq_pluck_data();
 }
 
-static void cq_init_callback(
-    void* data, grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback) {
+static void cq_init_callback(void* data,
+                             grpc_completion_queue_functor* shutdown_callback) {
   new (data) cq_callback_data(shutdown_callback);
 }
 
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ void grpc_cq_internal_ref(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq->owning_refs.Ref(debug_location, reason);
 }
 
-static void on_pollset_shutdown_done(void* arg, grpc_error* /*error*/) {
+static void on_pollset_shutdown_done(void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
   grpc_completion_queue* cq = static_cast<grpc_completion_queue*>(arg);
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_UNREF(cq, "pollset_destroy");
 }
@@ -636,8 +636,8 @@ static void cq_check_tag(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, bool lock_cq) {
   for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(cq->outstanding_tag_count); i++) {
     if (cq->outstanding_tags[i] == tag) {
       cq->outstanding_tag_count--;
-      GPR_SWAP(void*, cq->outstanding_tags[i],
-               cq->outstanding_tags[cq->outstanding_tag_count]);
+      std::swap(cq->outstanding_tags[i],
+                cq->outstanding_tags[cq->outstanding_tag_count]);
       found = 1;
       break;
     }
@@ -656,24 +656,25 @@ static void cq_check_tag(grpc_completion_queue* /*cq*/, void* /*tag*/,
 
 static bool cq_begin_op_for_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* /*tag*/) {
   cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-  return cqd->pending_events.IncrementIfNonzero();
+  return grpc_core::IncrementIfNonzero(&cqd->pending_events);
 }
 
 static bool cq_begin_op_for_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* /*tag*/) {
   cq_pluck_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_pluck_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-  return cqd->pending_events.IncrementIfNonzero();
+  return grpc_core::IncrementIfNonzero(&cqd->pending_events);
 }
 
 static bool cq_begin_op_for_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* /*tag*/) {
   cq_callback_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_callback_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-  return cqd->pending_events.IncrementIfNonzero();
+  return grpc_core::IncrementIfNonzero(&cqd->pending_events);
 }
 
 bool grpc_cq_begin_op(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
   if (cq->outstanding_tag_count == cq->outstanding_tag_capacity) {
-    cq->outstanding_tag_capacity = GPR_MAX(4, 2 * cq->outstanding_tag_capacity);
+    cq->outstanding_tag_capacity =
+        std::max(size_t(4), 2 * cq->outstanding_tag_capacity);
     cq->outstanding_tags = static_cast<void**>(gpr_realloc(
         cq->outstanding_tags,
         sizeof(*cq->outstanding_tags) * cq->outstanding_tag_capacity));
@@ -684,66 +685,60 @@ bool grpc_cq_begin_op(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag) {
   return cq->vtable->begin_op(cq, tag);
 }
 
-/* Queue a GRPC_OP_COMPLETED operation to a completion queue (with a
- * completion
- * type of GRPC_CQ_NEXT) */
+// Queue a GRPC_OP_COMPLETED operation to a completion queue (with a
+// completion
+// type of GRPC_CQ_NEXT)
 static void cq_end_op_for_next(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool /*internal*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("cq_end_op_for_next", 0);
-
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_api_trace) ||
-      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-       error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE)) {
-    const char* errmsg = grpc_error_string(error);
+      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok())) {
+    std::string errmsg = grpc_core::StatusToString(error);
     GRPC_API_TRACE(
         "cq_end_op_for_next(cq=%p, tag=%p, error=%s, "
         "done=%p, done_arg=%p, storage=%p)",
-        6, (cq, tag, errmsg, done, done_arg, storage));
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-        error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag, errmsg);
+        6, (cq, tag, errmsg.c_str(), done, done_arg, storage));
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag,
+              errmsg.c_str());
     }
   }
   cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-  int is_success = (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  int is_success = (error.ok());
 
   storage->tag = tag;
   storage->done = done;
   storage->done_arg = done_arg;
   storage->next = static_cast<uintptr_t>(is_success);
 
-  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, true); /* Used in debug builds only */
+  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, true);  // Used in debug builds only
 
-  if ((grpc_completion_queue*)gpr_tls_get(&g_cached_cq) == cq &&
-      (grpc_cq_completion*)gpr_tls_get(&g_cached_event) == nullptr) {
-    gpr_tls_set(&g_cached_event, (intptr_t)storage);
+  if (g_cached_cq == cq && g_cached_event == nullptr) {
+    g_cached_event = storage;
   } else {
-    /* Add the completion to the queue */
+    // Add the completion to the queue
     bool is_first = cqd->queue.Push(storage);
-    cqd->things_queued_ever.FetchAdd(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
-    /* Since we do not hold the cq lock here, it is important to do an 'acquire'
-       load here (instead of a 'no_barrier' load) to match with the release
-       store
-       (done via pending_events.FetchSub(1, ACQ_REL)) in cq_shutdown_next
-       */
-    if (cqd->pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) != 1) {
-      /* Only kick if this is the first item queued */
+    cqd->things_queued_ever.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    // Since we do not hold the cq lock here, it is important to do an 'acquire'
+    // load here (instead of a 'no_barrier' load) to match with the release
+    // store
+    // (done via pending_events.fetch_sub(1, ACQ_REL)) in cq_shutdown_next
+    //
+    if (cqd->pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != 1) {
+      // Only kick if this is the first item queued
       if (is_first) {
         gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
-        grpc_error* kick_error =
+        grpc_error_handle kick_error =
             cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), nullptr);
         gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
 
-        if (kick_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-          const char* msg = grpc_error_string(kick_error);
-          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Kick failed: %s", msg);
-          GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(kick_error);
+        if (!kick_error.ok()) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Kick failed: %s",
+                  grpc_core::StatusToString(kick_error).c_str());
         }
       }
-      if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) ==
-          1) {
+      if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
         GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down");
         gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
         cq_finish_shutdown_next(cq);
@@ -752,59 +747,54 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_next(
       }
     } else {
       GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down");
-      cqd->pending_events.Store(0, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELEASE);
+      cqd->pending_events.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
       gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
       cq_finish_shutdown_next(cq);
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
       GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_UNREF(cq, "shutting_down");
     }
   }
-
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
-/* Queue a GRPC_OP_COMPLETED operation to a completion queue (with a
- * completion
- * type of GRPC_CQ_PLUCK) */
+// Queue a GRPC_OP_COMPLETED operation to a completion queue (with a
+// completion
+// type of GRPC_CQ_PLUCK)
 static void cq_end_op_for_pluck(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool /*internal*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("cq_end_op_for_pluck", 0);
-
   cq_pluck_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_pluck_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
-  int is_success = (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  int is_success = (error.ok());
 
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_api_trace) ||
-      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-       error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE)) {
-    const char* errmsg = grpc_error_string(error);
+      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok())) {
+    std::string errmsg = grpc_core::StatusToString(error);
     GRPC_API_TRACE(
         "cq_end_op_for_pluck(cq=%p, tag=%p, error=%s, "
         "done=%p, done_arg=%p, storage=%p)",
-        6, (cq, tag, errmsg, done, done_arg, storage));
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-        error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag, errmsg);
+        6, (cq, tag, errmsg.c_str(), done, done_arg, storage));
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag,
+              errmsg.c_str());
     }
   }
 
   storage->tag = tag;
   storage->done = done;
   storage->done_arg = done_arg;
-  storage->next =
-      ((uintptr_t)&cqd->completed_head) | (static_cast<uintptr_t>(is_success));
+  storage->next = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&cqd->completed_head) |
+                  static_cast<uintptr_t>(is_success);
 
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
-  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, false); /* Used in debug builds only */
+  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, false);  // Used in debug builds only
 
-  /* Add to the list of completions */
-  cqd->things_queued_ever.FetchAdd(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  // Add to the list of completions
+  cqd->things_queued_ever.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   cqd->completed_tail->next =
-      ((uintptr_t)storage) | (1u & cqd->completed_tail->next);
+      reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(storage) | (1u & cqd->completed_tail->next);
   cqd->completed_tail = storage;
 
-  if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+  if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
     cq_finish_shutdown_pluck(cq);
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
   } else {
@@ -816,47 +806,38 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_pluck(
       }
     }
 
-    grpc_error* kick_error =
+    grpc_error_handle kick_error =
         cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), pluck_worker);
-
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
-
-    if (kick_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      const char* msg = grpc_error_string(kick_error);
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Kick failed: %s", msg);
-
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(kick_error);
+    if (!kick_error.ok()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Kick failed: %s",
+              grpc_core::StatusToString(kick_error).c_str());
     }
   }
-
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
-static void functor_callback(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
-  auto* functor = static_cast<grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor*>(arg);
-  functor->functor_run(functor, error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+static void functor_callback(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
+  auto* functor = static_cast<grpc_completion_queue_functor*>(arg);
+  functor->functor_run(functor, error.ok());
 }
 
-/* Complete an event on a completion queue of type GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK */
+// Complete an event on a completion queue of type GRPC_CQ_CALLBACK
 static void cq_end_op_for_callback(
-    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error_handle error,
     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage), void* done_arg,
     grpc_cq_completion* storage, bool internal) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("cq_end_op_for_callback", 0);
-
   cq_callback_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_callback_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_api_trace) ||
-      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-       error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE)) {
-    const char* errmsg = grpc_error_string(error);
+      (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok())) {
+    std::string errmsg = grpc_core::StatusToString(error);
     GRPC_API_TRACE(
         "cq_end_op_for_callback(cq=%p, tag=%p, error=%s, "
         "done=%p, done_arg=%p, storage=%p)",
-        6, (cq, tag, errmsg, done, done_arg, storage));
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) &&
-        error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag, errmsg);
+        6, (cq, tag, errmsg.c_str(), done, done_arg, storage));
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_operation_failures) && !error.ok()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Operation failed: tag=%p, error=%s", tag,
+              errmsg.c_str());
     }
   }
 
@@ -864,9 +845,9 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_callback(
   // for reserved storage. Invoke the done callback right away to release it.
   done(done_arg, storage);
 
-  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, true); /* Used in debug builds only */
+  cq_check_tag(cq, tag, true);  // Used in debug builds only
 
-  if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+  if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
     cq_finish_shutdown_callback(cq);
   }
 
@@ -876,13 +857,11 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_callback(
   // 2. The callback is marked inlineable and there is an ACEC available
   // 3. We are already running in a background poller thread (which always has
   //    an ACEC available at the base of the stack).
-  auto* functor = static_cast<grpc_experimental_completion_queue_functor*>(tag);
+  auto* functor = static_cast<grpc_completion_queue_functor*>(tag);
   if (((internal || functor->inlineable) &&
        grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx::Available()) ||
       grpc_iomgr_is_any_background_poller_thread()) {
-    grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx::Enqueue(functor,
-                                                   (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE));
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+    grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx::Enqueue(functor, (error.ok()));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -892,7 +871,8 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_callback(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_CREATE(functor_callback, functor, nullptr), error);
 }
 
-void grpc_cq_end_op(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
+void grpc_cq_end_op(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
+                    grpc_error_handle error,
                     void (*done)(void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage),
                     void* done_arg, grpc_cq_completion* storage,
                     bool internal) {
@@ -902,14 +882,15 @@ void grpc_cq_end_op(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag, grpc_error* error,
 struct cq_is_finished_arg {
   gpr_atm last_seen_things_queued_ever;
   grpc_completion_queue* cq;
-  grpc_millis deadline;
+  grpc_core::Timestamp deadline;
   grpc_cq_completion* stolen_completion;
-  void* tag; /* for pluck */
+  void* tag;  // for pluck
   bool first_loop;
 };
 class ExecCtxNext : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
  public:
-  ExecCtxNext(void* arg) : ExecCtx(0), check_ready_to_finish_arg_(arg) {}
+  explicit ExecCtxNext(void* arg)
+      : ExecCtx(0), check_ready_to_finish_arg_(arg) {}
 
   bool CheckReadyToFinish() override {
     cq_is_finished_arg* a =
@@ -919,24 +900,24 @@ class ExecCtxNext : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
     GPR_ASSERT(a->stolen_completion == nullptr);
 
     intptr_t current_last_seen_things_queued_ever =
-        cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+        cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
     if (current_last_seen_things_queued_ever !=
         a->last_seen_things_queued_ever) {
       a->last_seen_things_queued_ever =
-          cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+          cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-      /* Pop a cq_completion from the queue. Returns NULL if the queue is empty
-       * might return NULL in some cases even if the queue is not empty; but
-       * that
-       * is ok and doesn't affect correctness. Might effect the tail latencies a
-       * bit) */
+      // Pop a cq_completion from the queue. Returns NULL if the queue is empty
+      // might return NULL in some cases even if the queue is not empty; but
+      // that
+      // is ok and doesn't affect correctness. Might effect the tail latencies a
+      // bit)
       a->stolen_completion = cqd->queue.Pop();
       if (a->stolen_completion != nullptr) {
         return true;
       }
     }
-    return !a->first_loop && a->deadline < grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
+    return !a->first_loop && a->deadline < grpc_core::Timestamp::Now();
   }
 
  private:
@@ -961,8 +942,6 @@ static void dump_pending_tags(grpc_completion_queue* /*cq*/) {}
 
 static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
                           void* reserved) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_completion_queue_next", 0);
-
   grpc_event ret;
   cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
@@ -981,9 +960,10 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
 
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "next");
 
-  grpc_millis deadline_millis = grpc_timespec_to_millis_round_up(deadline);
+  grpc_core::Timestamp deadline_millis =
+      grpc_core::Timestamp::FromTimespecRoundUp(deadline);
   cq_is_finished_arg is_finished_arg = {
-      cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED),
+      cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
       cq,
       deadline_millis,
       nullptr,
@@ -991,7 +971,7 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
       true};
   ExecCtxNext exec_ctx(&is_finished_arg);
   for (;;) {
-    grpc_millis iteration_deadline = deadline_millis;
+    grpc_core::Timestamp iteration_deadline = deadline_millis;
 
     if (is_finished_arg.stolen_completion != nullptr) {
       grpc_cq_completion* c = is_finished_arg.stolen_completion;
@@ -1012,26 +992,26 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
       c->done(c->done_arg, c);
       break;
     } else {
-      /* If c == NULL it means either the queue is empty OR in an transient
-         inconsistent state. If it is the latter, we shold do a 0-timeout poll
-         so that the thread comes back quickly from poll to make a second
-         attempt at popping. Not doing this can potentially deadlock this
-         thread forever (if the deadline is infinity) */
+      // If c == NULL it means either the queue is empty OR in an transient
+      // inconsistent state. If it is the latter, we shold do a 0-timeout poll
+      // so that the thread comes back quickly from poll to make a second
+      // attempt at popping. Not doing this can potentially deadlock this
+      // thread forever (if the deadline is infinity)
       if (cqd->queue.num_items() > 0) {
-        iteration_deadline = 0;
+        iteration_deadline = grpc_core::Timestamp::ProcessEpoch();
       }
     }
 
-    if (cqd->pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) == 0) {
-      /* Before returning, check if the queue has any items left over (since
-         MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue::Pop() can sometimes return NULL
-         even if the queue is not empty. If so, keep retrying but do not
-         return GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN */
+    if (cqd->pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
+      // Before returning, check if the queue has any items left over (since
+      // MultiProducerSingleConsumerQueue::Pop() can sometimes return NULL
+      // even if the queue is not empty. If so, keep retrying but do not
+      // return GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN
       if (cqd->queue.num_items() > 0) {
-        /* Go to the beginning of the loop. No point doing a poll because
-           (cq->shutdown == true) is only possible when there is no pending
-           work (i.e cq->pending_events == 0) and any outstanding completion
-           events should have already been queued on this cq */
+        // Go to the beginning of the loop. No point doing a poll because
+        // (cq->shutdown == true) is only possible when there is no pending
+        // work (i.e cq->pending_events == 0) and any outstanding completion
+        // events should have already been queued on this cq
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -1041,26 +1021,28 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
     }
 
     if (!is_finished_arg.first_loop &&
-        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() >= deadline_millis) {
+        grpc_core::Timestamp::Now() >= deadline_millis) {
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       ret.success = 0;
       dump_pending_tags(cq);
       break;
     }
 
-    /* The main polling work happens in grpc_pollset_work */
+    // The main polling work happens in grpc_pollset_work
     gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
     cq->num_polls++;
-    grpc_error* err = cq->poller_vtable->work(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), nullptr,
-                                              iteration_deadline);
+    grpc_error_handle err = cq->poller_vtable->work(
+        POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), nullptr, iteration_deadline);
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
 
-    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      const char* msg = grpc_error_string(err);
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Completion queue next failed: %s", msg);
-
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(err);
-      ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
+    if (!err.ok()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Completion queue next failed: %s",
+              grpc_core::StatusToString(err).c_str());
+      if (err == absl::CancelledError()) {
+        ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN;
+      } else {
+        ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
+      }
       ret.success = 0;
       dump_pending_tags(cq);
       break;
@@ -1069,9 +1051,9 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
   }
 
   if (cqd->queue.num_items() > 0 &&
-      cqd->pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) > 0) {
+      cqd->pending_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire) > 0) {
     gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
-    cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), nullptr);
+    (void)cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), nullptr);
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
   }
 
@@ -1083,17 +1065,17 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
   return ret;
 }
 
-/* Finishes the completion queue shutdown. This means that there are no more
-   completion events / tags expected from the completion queue
-   - Must be called under completion queue lock
-   - Must be called only once in completion queue's lifetime
-   - grpc_completion_queue_shutdown() MUST have been called before calling
-   this function */
+// Finishes the completion queue shutdown. This means that there are no more
+// completion events / tags expected from the completion queue
+// - Must be called under completion queue lock
+// - Must be called only once in completion queue's lifetime
+// - grpc_completion_queue_shutdown() MUST have been called before calling
+// this function
 static void cq_finish_shutdown_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
   GPR_ASSERT(cqd->shutdown_called);
-  GPR_ASSERT(cqd->pending_events.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED) == 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(cqd->pending_events.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0);
 
   cq->poller_vtable->shutdown(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), &cq->pollset_shutdown_done);
 }
@@ -1101,12 +1083,12 @@ static void cq_finish_shutdown_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
 static void cq_shutdown_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq_next_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_next_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
-  /* Need an extra ref for cq here because:
-   * We call cq_finish_shutdown_next() below, that would call pollset shutdown.
-   * Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
-   * the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
-   * Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
-   * this function is still active */
+  // Need an extra ref for cq here because:
+  // We call cq_finish_shutdown_next() below, that would call pollset shutdown.
+  // Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
+  // the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
+  // Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
+  // this function is still active
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down");
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
   if (cqd->shutdown_called) {
@@ -1115,10 +1097,10 @@ static void cq_shutdown_next(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
     return;
   }
   cqd->shutdown_called = true;
-  /* Doing acq/release FetchSub here to match with
-   * cq_begin_op_for_next and cq_end_op_for_next functions which read/write
-   * on this counter without necessarily holding a lock on cq */
-  if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+  // Doing acq/release fetch_sub here to match with
+  // cq_begin_op_for_next and cq_end_op_for_next functions which read/write
+  // on this counter without necessarily holding a lock on cq
+  if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
     cq_finish_shutdown_next(cq);
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
@@ -1148,16 +1130,17 @@ static void del_plucker(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
   for (int i = 0; i < cqd->num_pluckers; i++) {
     if (cqd->pluckers[i].tag == tag && cqd->pluckers[i].worker == worker) {
       cqd->num_pluckers--;
-      GPR_SWAP(plucker, cqd->pluckers[i], cqd->pluckers[cqd->num_pluckers]);
+      std::swap(cqd->pluckers[i], cqd->pluckers[cqd->num_pluckers]);
       return;
     }
   }
-  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return );
+  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return);
 }
 
 class ExecCtxPluck : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
  public:
-  ExecCtxPluck(void* arg) : ExecCtx(0), check_ready_to_finish_arg_(arg) {}
+  explicit ExecCtxPluck(void* arg)
+      : ExecCtx(0), check_ready_to_finish_arg_(arg) {}
 
   bool CheckReadyToFinish() override {
     cq_is_finished_arg* a =
@@ -1167,20 +1150,18 @@ class ExecCtxPluck : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
 
     GPR_ASSERT(a->stolen_completion == nullptr);
     gpr_atm current_last_seen_things_queued_ever =
-        cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+        cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     if (current_last_seen_things_queued_ever !=
         a->last_seen_things_queued_ever) {
       gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
       a->last_seen_things_queued_ever =
-          cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+          cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
       grpc_cq_completion* c;
       grpc_cq_completion* prev = &cqd->completed_head;
-      while ((c = (grpc_cq_completion*)(prev->next &
-                                        ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(1))) !=
-             &cqd->completed_head) {
+      while ((c = reinterpret_cast<grpc_cq_completion*>(
+                  prev->next & ~uintptr_t{1})) != &cqd->completed_head) {
         if (c->tag == a->tag) {
-          prev->next = (prev->next & static_cast<uintptr_t>(1)) |
-                       (c->next & ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(1));
+          prev->next = (prev->next & uintptr_t{1}) | (c->next & ~uintptr_t{1});
           if (c == cqd->completed_tail) {
             cqd->completed_tail = prev;
           }
@@ -1192,7 +1173,7 @@ class ExecCtxPluck : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
       }
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
     }
-    return !a->first_loop && a->deadline < grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
+    return !a->first_loop && a->deadline < grpc_core::Timestamp::Now();
   }
 
  private:
@@ -1201,8 +1182,6 @@ class ExecCtxPluck : public grpc_core::ExecCtx {
 
 static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
                            gpr_timespec deadline, void* reserved) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_completion_queue_pluck", 0);
-
   grpc_event ret;
   grpc_cq_completion* c;
   grpc_cq_completion* prev;
@@ -1226,9 +1205,10 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
 
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "pluck");
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
-  grpc_millis deadline_millis = grpc_timespec_to_millis_round_up(deadline);
+  grpc_core::Timestamp deadline_millis =
+      grpc_core::Timestamp::FromTimespecRoundUp(deadline);
   cq_is_finished_arg is_finished_arg = {
-      cqd->things_queued_ever.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED),
+      cqd->things_queued_ever.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
       cq,
       deadline_millis,
       nullptr,
@@ -1247,12 +1227,10 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
       break;
     }
     prev = &cqd->completed_head;
-    while (
-        (c = (grpc_cq_completion*)(prev->next & ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(1))) !=
-        &cqd->completed_head) {
+    while ((c = reinterpret_cast<grpc_cq_completion*>(
+                prev->next & ~uintptr_t{1})) != &cqd->completed_head) {
       if (c->tag == tag) {
-        prev->next = (prev->next & static_cast<uintptr_t>(1)) |
-                     (c->next & ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(1));
+        prev->next = (prev->next & uintptr_t{1}) | (c->next & ~uintptr_t{1});
         if (c == cqd->completed_tail) {
           cqd->completed_tail = prev;
         }
@@ -1265,7 +1243,7 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
       }
       prev = c;
     }
-    if (cqd->shutdown.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED)) {
+    if (cqd->shutdown.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN;
       ret.success = 0;
@@ -1277,14 +1255,14 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
               "is %d",
               GRPC_MAX_COMPLETION_QUEUE_PLUCKERS);
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
-      /* TODO(ctiller): should we use a different result here */
+      // TODO(ctiller): should we use a different result here
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       ret.success = 0;
       dump_pending_tags(cq);
       break;
     }
     if (!is_finished_arg.first_loop &&
-        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() >= deadline_millis) {
+        grpc_core::Timestamp::Now() >= deadline_millis) {
       del_plucker(cq, tag, &worker);
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1293,15 +1271,13 @@ static grpc_event cq_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
       break;
     }
     cq->num_polls++;
-    grpc_error* err =
+    grpc_error_handle err =
         cq->poller_vtable->work(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), &worker, deadline_millis);
-    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (!err.ok()) {
       del_plucker(cq, tag, &worker);
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
-      const char* msg = grpc_error_string(err);
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Completion queue pluck failed: %s", msg);
-
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(err);
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Completion queue pluck failed: %s",
+              grpc_core::StatusToString(err).c_str());
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       ret.success = 0;
       dump_pending_tags(cq);
@@ -1328,23 +1304,23 @@ static void cq_finish_shutdown_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq_pluck_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_pluck_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
   GPR_ASSERT(cqd->shutdown_called);
-  GPR_ASSERT(!cqd->shutdown.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED));
-  cqd->shutdown.Store(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!cqd->shutdown.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+  cqd->shutdown.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
   cq->poller_vtable->shutdown(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), &cq->pollset_shutdown_done);
 }
 
-/* NOTE: This function is almost exactly identical to cq_shutdown_next() but
- * merging them is a bit tricky and probably not worth it */
+// NOTE: This function is almost exactly identical to cq_shutdown_next() but
+// merging them is a bit tricky and probably not worth it
 static void cq_shutdown_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq_pluck_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_pluck_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
-  /* Need an extra ref for cq here because:
-   * We call cq_finish_shutdown_pluck() below, that would call pollset shutdown.
-   * Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
-   * the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
-   * Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
-   * this function is still active */
+  // Need an extra ref for cq here because:
+  // We call cq_finish_shutdown_pluck() below, that would call pollset shutdown.
+  // Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
+  // the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
+  // Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
+  // this function is still active
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down (pluck cq)");
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
   if (cqd->shutdown_called) {
@@ -1353,7 +1329,7 @@ static void cq_shutdown_pluck(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
     return;
   }
   cqd->shutdown_called = true;
-  if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+  if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
     cq_finish_shutdown_pluck(cq);
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
@@ -1376,18 +1352,18 @@ static void cq_finish_shutdown_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   // from a background poller thread.
   grpc_core::Executor::Run(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_CREATE(functor_callback, callback, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 static void cq_shutdown_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   cq_callback_data* cqd = static_cast<cq_callback_data*> DATA_FROM_CQ(cq);
 
-  /* Need an extra ref for cq here because:
-   * We call cq_finish_shutdown_callback() below, which calls pollset shutdown.
-   * Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
-   * the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
-   * Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
-   * this function is still active */
+  // Need an extra ref for cq here because:
+  // We call cq_finish_shutdown_callback() below, which calls pollset shutdown.
+  // Pollset shutdown decrements the cq ref count which can potentially destroy
+  // the cq (if that happens to be the last ref).
+  // Creating an extra ref here prevents the cq from getting destroyed while
+  // this function is still active
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_REF(cq, "shutting_down (callback cq)");
   gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
   if (cqd->shutdown_called) {
@@ -1396,7 +1372,7 @@ static void cq_shutdown_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
     return;
   }
   cqd->shutdown_called = true;
-  if (cqd->pending_events.FetchSub(1, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQ_REL) == 1) {
+  if (cqd->pending_events.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
     cq_finish_shutdown_callback(cq);
   } else {
@@ -1405,10 +1381,9 @@ static void cq_shutdown_callback(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_UNREF(cq, "shutting_down (callback cq)");
 }
 
-/* Shutdown simply drops a ref that we reserved at creation time; if we drop
-   to zero here, then enter shutdown mode and wake up any waiters */
+// Shutdown simply drops a ref that we reserved at creation time; if we drop
+// to zero here, then enter shutdown mode and wake up any waiters
 void grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_completion_queue_shutdown", 0);
   grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
   grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
   GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(cq=%p)", 1, (cq));
@@ -1416,7 +1391,6 @@ void grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
 }
 
 void grpc_completion_queue_destroy(grpc_completion_queue* cq) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_completion_queue_destroy", 0);
   GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq=%p)", 1, (cq));
   grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(cq);