grpc 1.32.0 → 1.52.0

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.cc

@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- */
+//
+// Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
 
 /// Implementation of the gRPC LB policy.
 ///
@@ -51,90 +49,163 @@
 /// \see https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/load-balancing.md for the
 /// high level design and details.
 
-// With the addition of a libuv endpoint, sockaddr.h now includes uv.h when
-// using that endpoint. Because of various transitive includes in uv.h,
-// including windows.h on Windows, uv.h must be included before other system
-// headers. Therefore, sockaddr.h must always be included first.
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.h"
+
+#include <grpc/event_engine/event_engine.h>
+
+// IWYU pragma: no_include <sys/socket.h>
 
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "absl/container/inlined_vector.h"
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
-
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/strings/strip.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "absl/types/variant.h"
 #include "upb/upb.hpp"
 
+#include <grpc/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/impl/connectivity_state.h>
+#include <grpc/impl/propagation_bits.h>
+#include <grpc/slice.h>
+#include <grpc/status.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
-#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/child_policy_handler.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/client_load_reporting_filter.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb_balancer_addresses.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb_channel.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb_client_stats.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/load_balancer_api.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_registry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/backoff/backoff.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack_builder.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channelz.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/config/core_configuration.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/trace.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/manual_constructor.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/memory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/crash.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/debug_location.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted_ptr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/parse_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/status_helper.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/validation_errors.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/work_serializer.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_set.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/resolved_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/json/json.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/json/json_args.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/json/json_object_loader.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/load_balancing/lb_policy.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/load_balancing/lb_policy_factory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/load_balancing/lb_policy_registry.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/load_balancing/subchannel_interface.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/resolver.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/security/credentials/credentials.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/channel.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/channel_init.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel_stack_type.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/connectivity_state.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata_batch.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/uri/uri_parser.h"
 
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS 1
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS 10000
-
-#define GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_LB_TOKEN "grpc.grpclb_address_lb_token"
-#define GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_CLIENT_STATS "grpc.grpclb_address_client_stats"
+#define GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_SUBCHANNEL_DELETION_DELAY_MS 10000
 
 namespace grpc_core {
 
 TraceFlag grpc_lb_glb_trace(false, "glb");
 
-const char kGrpcLbClientStatsMetadataKey[] = "grpclb_client_stats";
-const char kGrpcLbLbTokenMetadataKey[] = "lb-token";
+const char kGrpcLbAddressAttributeKey[] = "grpclb";
 
 namespace {
 
-constexpr char kGrpclb[] = "grpclb";
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine;
+
+constexpr absl::string_view kGrpclb = "grpclb";
 
 class GrpcLbConfig : public LoadBalancingPolicy::Config {
  public:
-  GrpcLbConfig(RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> child_policy,
-               std::string service_name)
-      : child_policy_(std::move(child_policy)),
-        service_name_(std::move(service_name)) {}
-  const char* name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
+  GrpcLbConfig() = default;
+
+  GrpcLbConfig(const GrpcLbConfig&) = delete;
+  GrpcLbConfig& operator=(const GrpcLbConfig&) = delete;
+
+  GrpcLbConfig(GrpcLbConfig&& other) = delete;
+  GrpcLbConfig& operator=(GrpcLbConfig&& other) = delete;
+
+  static const JsonLoaderInterface* JsonLoader(const JsonArgs&) {
+    static const auto* loader =
+        JsonObjectLoader<GrpcLbConfig>()
+            // Note: "childPolicy" field requires custom parsing, so
+            // it's handled in JsonPostLoad() instead.
+            .OptionalField("serviceName", &GrpcLbConfig::service_name_)
+            .Finish();
+    return loader;
+  }
+
+  void JsonPostLoad(const Json& json, const JsonArgs&,
+                    ValidationErrors* errors) {
+    ValidationErrors::ScopedField field(errors, ".childPolicy");
+    Json child_policy_config_json_tmp;
+    const Json* child_policy_config_json;
+    auto it = json.object_value().find("childPolicy");
+    if (it == json.object_value().end()) {
+      child_policy_config_json_tmp = Json::Array{Json::Object{
+          {"round_robin", Json::Object()},
+      }};
+      child_policy_config_json = &child_policy_config_json_tmp;
+    } else {
+      child_policy_config_json = &it->second;
+    }
+    auto child_policy_config =
+        CoreConfiguration::Get().lb_policy_registry().ParseLoadBalancingConfig(
+            *child_policy_config_json);
+    if (!child_policy_config.ok()) {
+      errors->AddError(child_policy_config.status().message());
+      return;
+    }
+    child_policy_ = std::move(*child_policy_config);
+  }
+
+  absl::string_view name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
 
   RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> child_policy() const {
     return child_policy_;
@@ -151,9 +222,9 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
  public:
   explicit GrpcLb(Args args);
 
-  const char* name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
+  absl::string_view name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
 
-  void UpdateLocked(UpdateArgs args) override;
+  absl::Status UpdateLocked(UpdateArgs args) override;
   void ResetBackoffLocked() override;
 
  private:
@@ -162,7 +233,7 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
    public:
     explicit BalancerCallState(
         RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> parent_grpclb_policy);
-    ~BalancerCallState();
+    ~BalancerCallState() override;
 
     // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure that Orphan() is called from
     // inside the combiner.
@@ -183,17 +254,18 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
     void ScheduleNextClientLoadReportLocked();
     void SendClientLoadReportLocked();
 
-    static void MaybeSendClientLoadReport(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-    static void ClientLoadReportDone(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-    static void OnInitialRequestSent(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-    static void OnBalancerMessageReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-    static void OnBalancerStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+    // EventEngine callbacks
+    void MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked();
+
+    static void ClientLoadReportDone(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+    static void OnInitialRequestSent(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+    static void OnBalancerMessageReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+    static void OnBalancerStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 
-    void MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked(grpc_error* error);
-    void ClientLoadReportDoneLocked(grpc_error* error);
+    void ClientLoadReportDoneLocked(grpc_error_handle error);
     void OnInitialRequestSentLocked();
     void OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked();
-    void OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(grpc_error* error);
+    void OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(grpc_error_handle error);
 
     // The owning LB policy.
     RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> grpclb_policy_;
@@ -223,14 +295,73 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
     // The stats for client-side load reporting associated with this LB call.
     // Created after the first serverlist is received.
     RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats_;
-    grpc_millis client_stats_report_interval_ = 0;
-    grpc_timer client_load_report_timer_;
-    bool client_load_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+    Duration client_stats_report_interval_;
+    absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> client_load_report_handle_;
     bool last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero_ = false;
     bool client_load_report_is_due_ = false;
-    // The closure used for either the load report timer or the callback for
-    // completion of sending the load report.
-    grpc_closure client_load_report_closure_;
+    // The closure used for the completion of sending the load report.
+    grpc_closure client_load_report_done_closure_;
+  };
+
+  class SubchannelWrapper : public DelegatingSubchannel {
+   public:
+    SubchannelWrapper(RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> subchannel,
+                      RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb> lb_policy, std::string lb_token,
+                      RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats)
+        : DelegatingSubchannel(std::move(subchannel)),
+          lb_policy_(std::move(lb_policy)),
+          lb_token_(std::move(lb_token)),
+          client_stats_(std::move(client_stats)) {}
+
+    ~SubchannelWrapper() override {
+      if (!lb_policy_->shutting_down_) {
+        lb_policy_->CacheDeletedSubchannelLocked(wrapped_subchannel());
+      }
+    }
+
+    const std::string& lb_token() const { return lb_token_; }
+    GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats() const { return client_stats_.get(); }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb> lb_policy_;
+    std::string lb_token_;
+    RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats_;
+  };
+
+  class TokenAndClientStatsAttribute
+      : public ServerAddress::AttributeInterface {
+   public:
+    TokenAndClientStatsAttribute(std::string lb_token,
+                                 RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats)
+        : lb_token_(std::move(lb_token)),
+          client_stats_(std::move(client_stats)) {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<AttributeInterface> Copy() const override {
+      return std::make_unique<TokenAndClientStatsAttribute>(lb_token_,
+                                                            client_stats_);
+    }
+
+    int Cmp(const AttributeInterface* other_base) const override {
+      const TokenAndClientStatsAttribute* other =
+          static_cast<const TokenAndClientStatsAttribute*>(other_base);
+      int r = lb_token_.compare(other->lb_token_);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+      return QsortCompare(client_stats_.get(), other->client_stats_.get());
+    }
+
+    std::string ToString() const override {
+      return absl::StrFormat("lb_token=\"%s\" client_stats=%p", lb_token_,
+                             client_stats_.get());
+    }
+
+    const std::string& lb_token() const { return lb_token_; }
+    RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats() const {
+      return client_stats_;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    std::string lb_token_;
+    RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats_;
   };
 
   class Serverlist : public RefCounted<Serverlist> {
@@ -274,25 +405,53 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
 
   class Picker : public SubchannelPicker {
    public:
-    Picker(GrpcLb* parent, RefCountedPtr<Serverlist> serverlist,
-           std::unique_ptr<SubchannelPicker> child_picker,
+    Picker(RefCountedPtr<Serverlist> serverlist,
+           RefCountedPtr<SubchannelPicker> child_picker,
            RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats)
-        : parent_(parent),
-          serverlist_(std::move(serverlist)),
+        : serverlist_(std::move(serverlist)),
           child_picker_(std::move(child_picker)),
           client_stats_(std::move(client_stats)) {}
 
     PickResult Pick(PickArgs args) override;
 
    private:
-    // Storing the address for logging, but not holding a ref.
-    // DO NOT DEFERENCE!
-    GrpcLb* parent_;
+    // A subchannel call tracker that unrefs the GrpcLbClientStats object
+    // in the case where the subchannel call is never actually started,
+    // since the client load reporting filter will not be able to do it
+    // in that case.
+    class SubchannelCallTracker : public SubchannelCallTrackerInterface {
+     public:
+      SubchannelCallTracker(
+          RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats,
+          std::unique_ptr<SubchannelCallTrackerInterface> original_call_tracker)
+          : client_stats_(std::move(client_stats)),
+            original_call_tracker_(std::move(original_call_tracker)) {}
+
+      void Start() override {
+        if (original_call_tracker_ != nullptr) {
+          original_call_tracker_->Start();
+        }
+        // If we're actually starting the subchannel call, then the
+        // client load reporting filter will take ownership of the ref
+        // passed down to it via metadata.
+        client_stats_.release();
+      }
+
+      void Finish(FinishArgs args) override {
+        if (original_call_tracker_ != nullptr) {
+          original_call_tracker_->Finish(args);
+        }
+      }
+
+     private:
+      RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats_;
+      std::unique_ptr<SubchannelCallTrackerInterface> original_call_tracker_;
+    };
 
     // Serverlist to be used for determining drops.
     RefCountedPtr<Serverlist> serverlist_;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<SubchannelPicker> child_picker_;
+    RefCountedPtr<SubchannelPicker> child_picker_;
     RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats_;
   };
 
@@ -302,10 +461,12 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
         : parent_(std::move(parent)) {}
 
     RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> CreateSubchannel(
-        const grpc_channel_args& args) override;
+        ServerAddress address, const ChannelArgs& args) override;
     void UpdateState(grpc_connectivity_state state, const absl::Status& status,
-                     std::unique_ptr<SubchannelPicker> picker) override;
+                     RefCountedPtr<SubchannelPicker> picker) override;
     void RequestReresolution() override;
+    absl::string_view GetAuthority() override;
+    grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine* GetEventEngine() override;
     void AddTraceEvent(TraceSeverity severity,
                        absl::string_view message) override;
 
@@ -319,7 +480,7 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
         : AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface(parent->work_serializer()),
           parent_(std::move(parent)) {}
 
-    ~StateWatcher() { parent_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "StateWatcher"); }
+    ~StateWatcher() override { parent_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "StateWatcher"); }
 
    private:
     void OnConnectivityStateChange(grpc_connectivity_state new_state,
@@ -333,7 +494,8 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
                 "entering fallback mode",
                 parent_.get(), status.ToString().c_str());
         parent_->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-        grpc_timer_cancel(&parent_->lb_fallback_timer_);
+        parent_->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+            *parent_->lb_fallback_timer_handle_);
         parent_->fallback_mode_ = true;
         parent_->CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked();
         // Cancel the watch, since we don't care about the channel state once we
@@ -345,41 +507,42 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
     RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb> parent_;
   };
 
-  ~GrpcLb();
-
   void ShutdownLocked() override;
 
   // Helper functions used in UpdateLocked().
-  void ProcessAddressesAndChannelArgsLocked(const ServerAddressList& addresses,
-                                            const grpc_channel_args& args);
+  absl::Status UpdateBalancerChannelLocked(const ChannelArgs& args);
 
   void CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked();
 
   // Methods for dealing with fallback state.
   void MaybeEnterFallbackModeAfterStartup();
-  static void OnFallbackTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-  void OnFallbackTimerLocked(grpc_error* error);
+  void OnFallbackTimerLocked();
 
   // Methods for dealing with the balancer call.
   void StartBalancerCallLocked();
   void StartBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked();
-  static void OnBalancerCallRetryTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-  void OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked(grpc_error* error);
+  void OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked();
 
   // Methods for dealing with the child policy.
-  grpc_channel_args* CreateChildPolicyArgsLocked(
+  ChannelArgs CreateChildPolicyArgsLocked(
       bool is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer);
   OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> CreateChildPolicyLocked(
-      const grpc_channel_args* args);
+      const ChannelArgs& args);
   void CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked();
 
+  // Subchannel caching.
+  void CacheDeletedSubchannelLocked(
+      RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> subchannel);
+  void StartSubchannelCacheTimerLocked();
+  void OnSubchannelCacheTimerLocked();
+
   // Who the client is trying to communicate with.
-  const char* server_name_ = nullptr;
+  std::string server_name_;
   // Configurations for the policy.
   RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbConfig> config_;
 
   // Current channel args from the resolver.
-  grpc_channel_args* args_ = nullptr;
+  ChannelArgs args_;
 
   // Internal state.
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
@@ -389,6 +552,8 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
   StateWatcher* watcher_ = nullptr;
   // Response generator to inject address updates into lb_channel_.
   RefCountedPtr<FakeResolverResponseGenerator> response_generator_;
+  // Parent channelz node.
+  RefCountedPtr<channelz::ChannelNode> parent_channelz_node_;
 
   // The data associated with the current LB call. It holds a ref to this LB
   // policy. It's initialized every time we query for backends. It's reset to
@@ -396,13 +561,11 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
   // is shutting down, or the LB call has ended). A non-NULL lb_calld_ always
   // contains a non-NULL lb_call_.
   OrphanablePtr<BalancerCallState> lb_calld_;
-  // Timeout in milliseconds for the LB call. 0 means no deadline.
-  int lb_call_timeout_ms_ = 0;
+  // Timeout for the LB call. 0 means no deadline.
+  const Duration lb_call_timeout_;
   // Balancer call retry state.
   BackOff lb_call_backoff_;
-  bool retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-  grpc_timer lb_call_retry_timer_;
-  grpc_closure lb_on_call_retry_;
+  absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> lb_call_retry_timer_handle_;
 
   // The deserialized response from the balancer. May be nullptr until one
   // such response has arrived.
@@ -411,19 +574,28 @@ class GrpcLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
   // Whether we're in fallback mode.
   bool fallback_mode_ = false;
   // The backend addresses from the resolver.
-  ServerAddressList fallback_backend_addresses_;
+  absl::StatusOr<ServerAddressList> fallback_backend_addresses_;
+  // The last resolution note from our parent.
+  // To be passed to child policy when fallback_backend_addresses_ is empty.
+  std::string resolution_note_;
   // State for fallback-at-startup checks.
   // Timeout after startup after which we will go into fallback mode if
   // we have not received a serverlist from the balancer.
-  int fallback_at_startup_timeout_ = 0;
+  const Duration fallback_at_startup_timeout_;
   bool fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-  grpc_timer lb_fallback_timer_;
-  grpc_closure lb_on_fallback_;
+  absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> lb_fallback_timer_handle_;
 
   // The child policy to use for the backends.
   OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> child_policy_;
   // Child policy in state READY.
   bool child_policy_ready_ = false;
+
+  // Deleted subchannel caching.
+  const Duration subchannel_cache_interval_;
+  std::map<Timestamp /*deletion time*/,
+           std::vector<RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface>>>
+      cached_subchannels_;
+  absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> subchannel_cache_timer_handle_;
 };
 
 //
@@ -437,9 +609,9 @@ bool GrpcLb::Serverlist::operator==(const Serverlist& other) const {
 void ParseServer(const GrpcLbServer& server, grpc_resolved_address* addr) {
   memset(addr, 0, sizeof(*addr));
   if (server.drop) return;
-  const uint16_t netorder_port = grpc_htons((uint16_t)server.port);
-  /* the addresses are given in binary format (a in(6)_addr struct) in
-   * server->ip_address.bytes. */
+  const uint16_t netorder_port = grpc_htons(static_cast<uint16_t>(server.port));
+  // the addresses are given in binary format (a in(6)_addr struct) in
+  // server->ip_address.bytes.
   if (server.ip_size == 4) {
     addr->len = static_cast<socklen_t>(sizeof(grpc_sockaddr_in));
     grpc_sockaddr_in* addr4 = reinterpret_cast<grpc_sockaddr_in*>(&addr->addr);
@@ -448,7 +620,8 @@ void ParseServer(const GrpcLbServer& server, grpc_resolved_address* addr) {
     addr4->sin_port = netorder_port;
   } else if (server.ip_size == 16) {
     addr->len = static_cast<socklen_t>(sizeof(grpc_sockaddr_in6));
-    grpc_sockaddr_in6* addr6 = (grpc_sockaddr_in6*)&addr->addr;
+    grpc_sockaddr_in6* addr6 =
+        reinterpret_cast<grpc_sockaddr_in6*>(&addr->addr);
     addr6->sin6_family = GRPC_AF_INET6;
     memcpy(&addr6->sin6_addr, server.ip_addr, server.ip_size);
     addr6->sin6_port = netorder_port;
@@ -465,7 +638,8 @@ std::string GrpcLb::Serverlist::AsText() const {
     } else {
       grpc_resolved_address addr;
       ParseServer(server, &addr);
-      ipport = grpc_sockaddr_to_string(&addr, false);
+      auto addr_str = grpc_sockaddr_to_string(&addr, false);
+      ipport = addr_str.ok() ? *addr_str : addr_str.status().ToString();
     }
     entries.push_back(absl::StrFormat("  %" PRIuPTR ": %s token=%s\n", i,
                                       ipport, server.load_balance_token));
@@ -473,60 +647,23 @@ std::string GrpcLb::Serverlist::AsText() const {
   return absl::StrJoin(entries, "");
 }
 
-// vtables for channel args for LB token and client stats.
-void* lb_token_copy(void* token) {
-  return gpr_strdup(static_cast<char*>(token));
-}
-void lb_token_destroy(void* token) { gpr_free(token); }
-void* client_stats_copy(void* p) {
-  GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats = static_cast<GrpcLbClientStats*>(p);
-  client_stats->Ref().release();
-  return p;
-}
-void client_stats_destroy(void* p) {
-  GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats = static_cast<GrpcLbClientStats*>(p);
-  client_stats->Unref();
-}
-int equal_cmp(void* /*p1*/, void* /*p2*/) {
-  // Always indicate a match, since we don't want this channel arg to
-  // affect the subchannel's key in the index.
-  // TODO(roth): Is this right?  This does prevent us from needlessly
-  // recreating the subchannel whenever the LB token or client stats
-  // changes (i.e., when the balancer call is terminated and reestablished).
-  // However, it means that we don't actually recreate the subchannel,
-  // which means that we won't ever switch over to using the new LB
-  // token or client stats.  A better approach might be to find somewhere
-  // other than the subchannel args to store the LB token and client
-  // stats.  They could be stored in a map and then looked up for each
-  // call. Or we could do something more complicated whereby
-  // we create our own subchannel wrapper to store them, although that would
-  // involve a lot of refcounting overhead.
-  // Given that we're trying to move from grpclb to xds at this point,
-  // and that no one has actually reported any problems with this, we
-  // probably won't bother fixing this at this point.
-  return 0;
-}
-const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable lb_token_arg_vtable = {
-    lb_token_copy, lb_token_destroy, equal_cmp};
-const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable client_stats_arg_vtable = {
-    client_stats_copy, client_stats_destroy, equal_cmp};
-
 bool IsServerValid(const GrpcLbServer& server, size_t idx, bool log) {
   if (server.drop) return false;
   if (GPR_UNLIKELY(server.port >> 16 != 0)) {
     if (log) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-              "Invalid port '%d' at index %lu of serverlist. Ignoring.",
-              server.port, (unsigned long)idx);
+              "Invalid port '%d' at index %" PRIuPTR
+              " of serverlist. Ignoring.",
+              server.port, idx);
     }
     return false;
   }
   if (GPR_UNLIKELY(server.ip_size != 4 && server.ip_size != 16)) {
     if (log) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-              "Expected IP to be 4 or 16 bytes, got %d at index %lu of "
-              "serverlist. Ignoring",
-              server.ip_size, (unsigned long)idx);
+              "Expected IP to be 4 or 16 bytes, got %d at index %" PRIuPTR
+              " of serverlist. Ignoring",
+              server.ip_size, idx);
     }
     return false;
   }
@@ -536,6 +673,8 @@ bool IsServerValid(const GrpcLbServer& server, size_t idx, bool log) {
 // Returns addresses extracted from the serverlist.
 ServerAddressList GrpcLb::Serverlist::GetServerAddressList(
     GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats) const {
+  RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> stats;
+  if (client_stats != nullptr) stats = client_stats->Ref();
   ServerAddressList addresses;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < serverlist_.size(); ++i) {
     const GrpcLbServer& server = serverlist_[i];
@@ -544,34 +683,25 @@ ServerAddressList GrpcLb::Serverlist::GetServerAddressList(
     grpc_resolved_address addr;
     ParseServer(server, &addr);
     // LB token processing.
-    char lb_token[GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(server.load_balance_token) + 1];
-    if (server.load_balance_token[0] != 0) {
-      const size_t lb_token_max_length =
-          GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(server.load_balance_token);
-      const size_t lb_token_length =
-          strnlen(server.load_balance_token, lb_token_max_length);
-      memcpy(lb_token, server.load_balance_token, lb_token_length);
-      lb_token[lb_token_length] = '\0';
-    } else {
+    const size_t lb_token_length = strnlen(
+        server.load_balance_token, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(server.load_balance_token));
+    std::string lb_token(server.load_balance_token, lb_token_length);
+    if (lb_token.empty()) {
+      auto addr_uri = grpc_sockaddr_to_uri(&addr);
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
               "Missing LB token for backend address '%s'. The empty token will "
               "be used instead",
-              grpc_sockaddr_to_uri(&addr).c_str());
-      lb_token[0] = '\0';
+              addr_uri.ok() ? addr_uri->c_str()
+                            : addr_uri.status().ToString().c_str());
     }
+    // Attach attribute to address containing LB token and stats object.
+    std::map<const char*, std::unique_ptr<ServerAddress::AttributeInterface>>
+        attributes;
+    attributes[kGrpcLbAddressAttributeKey] =
+        std::make_unique<TokenAndClientStatsAttribute>(std::move(lb_token),
+                                                       stats);
     // Add address.
-    absl::InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 2> args_to_add;
-    args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
-        const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_LB_TOKEN), lb_token,
-        &lb_token_arg_vtable));
-    if (client_stats != nullptr) {
-      args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
-          const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_CLIENT_STATS), client_stats,
-          &client_stats_arg_vtable));
-    }
-    grpc_channel_args* args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(
-        nullptr, args_to_add.data(), args_to_add.size());
-    addresses.emplace_back(addr, args);
+    addresses.emplace_back(addr, ChannelArgs(), std::move(attributes));
   }
   return addresses;
 }
@@ -596,9 +726,9 @@ const char* GrpcLb::Serverlist::ShouldDrop() {
 //
 
 GrpcLb::PickResult GrpcLb::Picker::Pick(PickArgs args) {
-  PickResult result;
   // Check if we should drop the call.
-  const char* drop_token = serverlist_->ShouldDrop();
+  const char* drop_token =
+      serverlist_ == nullptr ? nullptr : serverlist_->ShouldDrop();
   if (drop_token != nullptr) {
     // Update client load reporting stats to indicate the number of
     // dropped calls.  Note that we have to do this here instead of in
@@ -608,43 +738,45 @@ GrpcLb::PickResult GrpcLb::Picker::Pick(PickArgs args) {
     if (client_stats_ != nullptr) {
       client_stats_->AddCallDropped(drop_token);
     }
-    result.type = PickResult::PICK_COMPLETE;
-    return result;
+    return PickResult::Drop(
+        absl::UnavailableError("drop directed by grpclb balancer"));
   }
   // Forward pick to child policy.
-  result = child_picker_->Pick(args);
+  PickResult result = child_picker_->Pick(args);
   // If pick succeeded, add LB token to initial metadata.
-  if (result.type == PickResult::PICK_COMPLETE &&
-      result.subchannel != nullptr) {
+  auto* complete_pick = absl::get_if<PickResult::Complete>(&result.result);
+  if (complete_pick != nullptr) {
+    const SubchannelWrapper* subchannel_wrapper =
+        static_cast<SubchannelWrapper*>(complete_pick->subchannel.get());
     // Encode client stats object into metadata for use by
     // client_load_reporting filter.
-    const grpc_arg* arg =
-        grpc_channel_args_find(result.subchannel->channel_args(),
-                               GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_CLIENT_STATS);
-    if (arg != nullptr && arg->type == GRPC_ARG_POINTER &&
-        arg->value.pointer.p != nullptr) {
-      GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats =
-          static_cast<GrpcLbClientStats*>(arg->value.pointer.p);
-      client_stats->Ref().release();  // Ref passed via metadata.
+    GrpcLbClientStats* client_stats = subchannel_wrapper->client_stats();
+    if (client_stats != nullptr) {
+      complete_pick->subchannel_call_tracker =
+          std::make_unique<SubchannelCallTracker>(
+              client_stats->Ref(),
+              std::move(complete_pick->subchannel_call_tracker));
       // The metadata value is a hack: we pretend the pointer points to
       // a string and rely on the client_load_reporting filter to know
       // how to interpret it.
       args.initial_metadata->Add(
-          kGrpcLbClientStatsMetadataKey,
+          GrpcLbClientStatsMetadata::key(),
           absl::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(client_stats), 0));
       // Update calls-started.
       client_stats->AddCallStarted();
     }
     // Encode the LB token in metadata.
-    arg = grpc_channel_args_find(result.subchannel->channel_args(),
-                                 GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_LB_TOKEN);
-    if (arg == nullptr) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "[grpclb %p picker %p] No LB token for subchannel %p",
-              parent_, this, result.subchannel.get());
-      abort();
+    // Create a new copy on the call arena, since the subchannel list
+    // may get refreshed between when we return this pick and when the
+    // initial metadata goes out on the wire.
+    if (!subchannel_wrapper->lb_token().empty()) {
+      char* lb_token = static_cast<char*>(
+          args.call_state->Alloc(subchannel_wrapper->lb_token().size() + 1));
+      strcpy(lb_token, subchannel_wrapper->lb_token().c_str());
+      args.initial_metadata->Add(LbTokenMetadata::key(), lb_token);
     }
-    args.initial_metadata->Add(kGrpcLbLbTokenMetadataKey,
-                               static_cast<char*>(arg->value.pointer.p));
+    // Unwrap subchannel to pass up to the channel.
+    complete_pick->subchannel = subchannel_wrapper->wrapped_subchannel();
   }
   return result;
 }
@@ -654,69 +786,64 @@ GrpcLb::PickResult GrpcLb::Picker::Pick(PickArgs args) {
 //
 
 RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> GrpcLb::Helper::CreateSubchannel(
-    const grpc_channel_args& args) {
+    ServerAddress address, const ChannelArgs& args) {
   if (parent_->shutting_down_) return nullptr;
-  return parent_->channel_control_helper()->CreateSubchannel(args);
+  const TokenAndClientStatsAttribute* attribute =
+      static_cast<const TokenAndClientStatsAttribute*>(
+          address.GetAttribute(kGrpcLbAddressAttributeKey));
+  if (attribute == nullptr) {
+    Crash(absl::StrFormat(
+        "[grpclb %p] no TokenAndClientStatsAttribute for address %p",
+        parent_.get(), address.ToString().c_str()));
+  }
+  std::string lb_token = attribute->lb_token();
+  RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats = attribute->client_stats();
+  return MakeRefCounted<SubchannelWrapper>(
+      parent_->channel_control_helper()->CreateSubchannel(std::move(address),
+                                                          args),
+      parent_->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "SubchannelWrapper"), std::move(lb_token),
+      std::move(client_stats));
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::Helper::UpdateState(grpc_connectivity_state state,
                                  const absl::Status& status,
-                                 std::unique_ptr<SubchannelPicker> picker) {
+                                 RefCountedPtr<SubchannelPicker> picker) {
   if (parent_->shutting_down_) return;
   // Record whether child policy reports READY.
   parent_->child_policy_ready_ = state == GRPC_CHANNEL_READY;
   // Enter fallback mode if needed.
   parent_->MaybeEnterFallbackModeAfterStartup();
-  // There are three cases to consider here:
-  // 1. We're in fallback mode.  In this case, we're always going to use
-  //    the child policy's result, so we pass its picker through as-is.
-  // 2. The serverlist contains only drop entries.  In this case, we
-  //    want to use our own picker so that we can return the drops.
-  // 3. Not in fallback mode and serverlist is not all drops (i.e., it
-  //    may be empty or contain at least one backend address).  There are
-  //    two sub-cases:
-  //    a. The child policy is reporting state READY.  In this case, we wrap
-  //       the child's picker in our own, so that we can handle drops and LB
-  //       token metadata for each pick.
-  //    b. The child policy is reporting a state other than READY.  In this
-  //       case, we don't want to use our own picker, because we don't want
-  //       to process drops for picks that yield a QUEUE result; this would
-  //       result in dropping too many calls, since we will see the
-  //       queued picks multiple times, and we'd consider each one a
-  //       separate call for the drop calculation.
-  //
-  // Cases 1 and 3b: return picker from the child policy as-is.
-  if (parent_->serverlist_ == nullptr ||
-      (!parent_->serverlist_->ContainsAllDropEntries() &&
-       state != GRPC_CHANNEL_READY)) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "[grpclb %p helper %p] state=%s (%s) passing "
-              "child picker %p as-is",
-              parent_.get(), this, ConnectivityStateName(state),
-              status.ToString().c_str(), picker.get());
-    }
-    parent_->channel_control_helper()->UpdateState(state, status,
-                                                   std::move(picker));
-    return;
-  }
-  // Cases 2 and 3a: wrap picker from the child in our own picker.
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[grpclb %p helper %p] state=%s (%s) wrapping child "
-            "picker %p",
-            parent_.get(), this, ConnectivityStateName(state),
-            status.ToString().c_str(), picker.get());
+  // We pass the serverlist to the picker so that it can handle drops.
+  // However, we don't want to handle drops in the case where the child
+  // policy is reporting a state other than READY (unless we are
+  // dropping *all* calls), because we don't want to process drops for picks
+  // that yield a QUEUE result; this would result in dropping too many calls,
+  // since we will see the queued picks multiple times, and we'd consider each
+  // one a separate call for the drop calculation.  So in this case, we pass
+  // a null serverlist to the picker, which tells it not to do drops.
+  RefCountedPtr<Serverlist> serverlist;
+  if (state == GRPC_CHANNEL_READY ||
+      (parent_->serverlist_ != nullptr &&
+       parent_->serverlist_->ContainsAllDropEntries())) {
+    serverlist = parent_->serverlist_;
   }
   RefCountedPtr<GrpcLbClientStats> client_stats;
   if (parent_->lb_calld_ != nullptr &&
       parent_->lb_calld_->client_stats() != nullptr) {
     client_stats = parent_->lb_calld_->client_stats()->Ref();
   }
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[grpclb %p helper %p] state=%s (%s) wrapping child "
+            "picker %p (serverlist=%p, client_stats=%p)",
+            parent_.get(), this, ConnectivityStateName(state),
+            status.ToString().c_str(), picker.get(), serverlist.get(),
+            client_stats.get());
+  }
   parent_->channel_control_helper()->UpdateState(
       state, status,
-      absl::make_unique<Picker>(parent_.get(), parent_->serverlist_,
-                                std::move(picker), std::move(client_stats)));
+      MakeRefCounted<Picker>(std::move(serverlist), std::move(picker),
+                             std::move(client_stats)));
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::Helper::RequestReresolution() {
@@ -731,6 +858,14 @@ void GrpcLb::Helper::RequestReresolution() {
   }
 }
 
+absl::string_view GrpcLb::Helper::GetAuthority() {
+  return parent_->channel_control_helper()->GetAuthority();
+}
+
+grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine* GrpcLb::Helper::GetEventEngine() {
+  return parent_->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine();
+}
+
 void GrpcLb::Helper::AddTraceEvent(TraceSeverity severity,
                                    absl::string_view message) {
   if (parent_->shutting_down_) return;
@@ -743,15 +878,16 @@ void GrpcLb::Helper::AddTraceEvent(TraceSeverity severity,
 
 GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::BalancerCallState(
     RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> parent_grpclb_policy)
-    : InternallyRefCounted<BalancerCallState>(&grpc_lb_glb_trace),
+    : InternallyRefCounted<BalancerCallState>(
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace) ? "BalancerCallState"
+                                                     : nullptr),
       grpclb_policy_(std::move(parent_grpclb_policy)) {
   GPR_ASSERT(grpclb_policy_ != nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(!grpclb_policy()->shutting_down_);
   // Init the LB call. Note that the LB call will progress every time there's
   // activity in grpclb_policy_->interested_parties(), which is comprised of
   // the polling entities from client_channel.
-  GPR_ASSERT(grpclb_policy()->server_name_ != nullptr);
-  GPR_ASSERT(grpclb_policy()->server_name_[0] != '\0');
+  GPR_ASSERT(!grpclb_policy()->server_name_.empty());
   // Closure Initialization
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lb_on_initial_request_sent_, OnInitialRequestSent, this,
                     grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
@@ -759,27 +895,27 @@ GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::BalancerCallState(
                     OnBalancerMessageReceived, this, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lb_on_balancer_status_received_, OnBalancerStatusReceived,
                     this, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&client_load_report_closure_, MaybeSendClientLoadReport,
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&client_load_report_done_closure_, ClientLoadReportDone,
                     this, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  const grpc_millis deadline =
-      grpclb_policy()->lb_call_timeout_ms_ == 0
-          ? GRPC_MILLIS_INF_FUTURE
-          : ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + grpclb_policy()->lb_call_timeout_ms_;
+  const Timestamp deadline =
+      grpclb_policy()->lb_call_timeout_ == Duration::Zero()
+          ? Timestamp::InfFuture()
+          : Timestamp::Now() + grpclb_policy()->lb_call_timeout_;
   lb_call_ = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call(
       grpclb_policy()->lb_channel_, nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
       grpclb_policy_->interested_parties(),
-      GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_GRPC_DOT_LB_DOT_V1_DOT_LOADBALANCER_SLASH_BALANCELOAD,
+      Slice::FromStaticString("/grpc.lb.v1.LoadBalancer/BalanceLoad").c_slice(),
       nullptr, deadline, nullptr);
   // Init the LB call request payload.
   upb::Arena arena;
   grpc_slice request_payload_slice = GrpcLbRequestCreate(
       grpclb_policy()->config_->service_name().empty()
-          ? grpclb_policy()->server_name_
+          ? grpclb_policy()->server_name_.c_str()
           : grpclb_policy()->config_->service_name().c_str(),
       arena.ptr());
   send_message_payload_ =
       grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
+  CSliceUnref(request_payload_slice);
   // Init other data associated with the LB call.
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&lb_initial_metadata_recv_);
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&lb_trailing_metadata_recv_);
@@ -792,7 +928,7 @@ GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::~BalancerCallState() {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&lb_trailing_metadata_recv_);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(lb_call_status_details_);
+  CSliceUnref(lb_call_status_details_);
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::Orphan() {
@@ -802,8 +938,10 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::Orphan() {
   // up. Otherwise, we are here because grpclb_policy has to orphan a failed
   // call, then the following cancellation will be a no-op.
   grpc_call_cancel_internal(lb_call_);
-  if (client_load_report_timer_callback_pending_) {
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&client_load_report_timer_);
+  if (client_load_report_handle_.has_value() &&
+      grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+          client_load_report_handle_.value())) {
+    Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "client_load_report cancelled");
   }
   // Note that the initial ref is hold by lb_on_balancer_status_received_
   // instead of the caller of this function. So the corresponding unref happens
@@ -840,8 +978,9 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::StartQuery() {
   // with the callback.
   auto self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_initial_request_sent");
   self.release();
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      lb_call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), &lb_on_initial_request_sent_);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(lb_call_, ops,
+                                                 static_cast<size_t>(op - ops),
+                                                 &lb_on_initial_request_sent_);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
   // Op: recv initial metadata.
   op = ops;
@@ -863,7 +1002,8 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::StartQuery() {
   self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_message_received");
   self.release();
   call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      lb_call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), &lb_on_balancer_message_received_);
+      lb_call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops),
+      &lb_on_balancer_message_received_);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
   // Op: recv server status.
   op = ops;
@@ -879,35 +1019,26 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::StartQuery() {
   // ref instead of a new ref. When it's invoked, it's the initial ref that is
   // unreffed.
   call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      lb_call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), &lb_on_balancer_status_received_);
+      lb_call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops),
+      &lb_on_balancer_status_received_);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::ScheduleNextClientLoadReportLocked() {
-  const grpc_millis next_client_load_report_time =
-      ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + client_stats_report_interval_;
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&client_load_report_closure_, MaybeSendClientLoadReport,
-                    this, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  grpc_timer_init(&client_load_report_timer_, next_client_load_report_time,
-                  &client_load_report_closure_);
-  client_load_report_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
+  client_load_report_handle_ =
+      grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+          client_stats_report_interval_, [this] {
+            ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
+                [this] { MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked(); }, DEBUG_LOCATION);
+          });
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::MaybeSendClientLoadReport(void* arg,
-                                                          grpc_error* error) {
-  BalancerCallState* lb_calld = static_cast<BalancerCallState*>(arg);
-  GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // ref owned by lambda
-  lb_calld->grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
-      [lb_calld, error]() { lb_calld->MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked(error); },
-      DEBUG_LOCATION);
-}
-
-void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked(
-    grpc_error* error) {
-  client_load_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || this != grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.get()) {
+void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::MaybeSendClientLoadReportLocked() {
+  client_load_report_handle_.reset();
+  if (this != grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.get()) {
     Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "client_load_report");
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
     return;
   }
   // If we've already sent the initial request, then we can go ahead and send
@@ -937,7 +1068,7 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::SendClientLoadReportLocked() {
   if (num_calls_started == 0 && num_calls_finished == 0 &&
       num_calls_finished_with_client_failed_to_send == 0 &&
       num_calls_finished_known_received == 0 &&
-      (drop_token_counts == nullptr || drop_token_counts->size() == 0)) {
+      (drop_token_counts == nullptr || drop_token_counts->empty())) {
     if (last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero_) {
       ScheduleNextClientLoadReportLocked();
       return;
@@ -954,16 +1085,14 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::SendClientLoadReportLocked() {
       num_calls_finished_known_received, drop_token_counts.get(), arena.ptr());
   send_message_payload_ =
       grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
+  CSliceUnref(request_payload_slice);
   // Send the report.
   grpc_op op;
   memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
   op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
   op.data.send_message.send_message = send_message_payload_;
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&client_load_report_closure_, ClientLoadReportDone, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
   grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      lb_call_, &op, 1, &client_load_report_closure_);
+      lb_call_, &op, 1, &client_load_report_done_closure_);
   if (GPR_UNLIKELY(call_error != GRPC_CALL_OK)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
             "[grpclb %p] lb_calld=%p call_error=%d sending client load report",
@@ -973,27 +1102,26 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::SendClientLoadReportLocked() {
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::ClientLoadReportDone(void* arg,
-                                                     grpc_error* error) {
+                                                     grpc_error_handle error) {
   BalancerCallState* lb_calld = static_cast<BalancerCallState*>(arg);
-  GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // ref owned by lambda
   lb_calld->grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
       [lb_calld, error]() { lb_calld->ClientLoadReportDoneLocked(error); },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::ClientLoadReportDoneLocked(grpc_error* error) {
+void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::ClientLoadReportDoneLocked(
+    grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
   send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || this != grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.get()) {
+  if (!error.ok() || this != grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.get()) {
     Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "client_load_report");
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
     return;
   }
   ScheduleNextClientLoadReportLocked();
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnInitialRequestSent(void* arg,
-                                                     grpc_error* /*error*/) {
+void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnInitialRequestSent(
+    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
   BalancerCallState* lb_calld = static_cast<BalancerCallState*>(arg);
   lb_calld->grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
       [lb_calld]() { lb_calld->OnInitialRequestSentLocked(); }, DEBUG_LOCATION);
@@ -1012,7 +1140,7 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnInitialRequestSentLocked() {
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceived(
-    void* arg, grpc_error* /*error*/) {
+    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
   BalancerCallState* lb_calld = static_cast<BalancerCallState*>(arg);
   lb_calld->grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
       [lb_calld]() { lb_calld->OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked(); },
@@ -1046,15 +1174,16 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
   } else {
     switch (response.type) {
       case response.INITIAL: {
-        if (response.client_stats_report_interval != 0) {
-          client_stats_report_interval_ =
-              GPR_MAX(GPR_MS_PER_SEC, response.client_stats_report_interval);
+        if (response.client_stats_report_interval != Duration::Zero()) {
+          client_stats_report_interval_ = std::max(
+              Duration::Seconds(1), response.client_stats_report_interval);
           if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
             gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
                     "[grpclb %p] lb_calld=%p: Received initial LB response "
                     "message; client load reporting interval = %" PRId64
                     " milliseconds",
-                    grpclb_policy(), this, client_stats_report_interval_);
+                    grpclb_policy(), this,
+                    client_stats_report_interval_.millis());
           }
         } else if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
@@ -1080,7 +1209,8 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
         seen_serverlist_ = true;
         // Start sending client load report only after we start using the
         // serverlist returned from the current LB call.
-        if (client_stats_report_interval_ > 0 && client_stats_ == nullptr) {
+        if (client_stats_report_interval_ > Duration::Zero() &&
+            client_stats_ == nullptr) {
           client_stats_ = MakeRefCounted<GrpcLbClientStats>();
           // Ref held by callback.
           Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "client_load_report").release();
@@ -1124,7 +1254,8 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
           }
           if (grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_) {
             grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-            grpc_timer_cancel(&grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_);
+            grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+                *grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_handle_);
             grpclb_policy()->CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked();
           }
           // Update the serverlist in the GrpcLb instance. This serverlist
@@ -1142,7 +1273,8 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
                   grpclb_policy());
           if (grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_) {
             grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-            grpc_timer_cancel(&grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_);
+            grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+                *grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_handle_);
             grpclb_policy()->CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked();
           }
           grpclb_policy()->fallback_mode_ = true;
@@ -1156,7 +1288,7 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
       }
     }
   }
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(response_slice);
+  CSliceUnref(response_slice);
   if (!grpclb_policy()->shutting_down_) {
     // Keep listening for serverlist updates.
     grpc_op op;
@@ -1174,17 +1306,16 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerMessageReceivedLocked() {
   }
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceived(void* arg,
-                                                         grpc_error* error) {
+void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceived(
+    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   BalancerCallState* lb_calld = static_cast<BalancerCallState*>(arg);
-  GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // owned by lambda
   lb_calld->grpclb_policy()->work_serializer()->Run(
       [lb_calld, error]() { lb_calld->OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(error); },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
-    grpc_error* error) {
+    grpc_error_handle error) {
   GPR_ASSERT(lb_call_ != nullptr);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
     char* status_details = grpc_slice_to_c_string(lb_call_status_details_);
@@ -1192,10 +1323,9 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
             "[grpclb %p] lb_calld=%p: Status from LB server received. "
             "Status = %d, details = '%s', (lb_call: %p), error '%s'",
             grpclb_policy(), this, lb_call_status_, status_details, lb_call_,
-            grpc_error_string(error));
+            StatusToString(error).c_str());
     gpr_free(status_details);
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
   // If this lb_calld is still in use, this call ended because of a failure so
   // we want to retry connecting. Otherwise, we have deliberately ended this
   // call and no further action is required.
@@ -1203,6 +1333,7 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
     // If the fallback-at-startup checks are pending, go into fallback mode
     // immediately.  This short-circuits the timeout for the fallback-at-startup
     // case.
+    grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.reset();
     if (grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_) {
       GPR_ASSERT(!seen_serverlist_);
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
@@ -1210,7 +1341,8 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
               "serverlist; entering fallback mode",
               grpclb_policy());
       grpclb_policy()->fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-      grpc_timer_cancel(&grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_);
+      grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+          *grpclb_policy()->lb_fallback_timer_handle_);
       grpclb_policy()->CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked();
       grpclb_policy()->fallback_mode_ = true;
       grpclb_policy()->CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked();
@@ -1218,7 +1350,6 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
       // This handles the fallback-after-startup case.
       grpclb_policy()->MaybeEnterFallbackModeAfterStartup();
     }
-    grpclb_policy()->lb_calld_.reset();
     GPR_ASSERT(!grpclb_policy()->shutting_down_);
     grpclb_policy()->channel_control_helper()->RequestReresolution();
     if (seen_initial_response_) {
@@ -1239,137 +1370,149 @@ void GrpcLb::BalancerCallState::OnBalancerStatusReceivedLocked(
 // helper code for creating balancer channel
 //
 
-ServerAddressList ExtractBalancerAddresses(const grpc_channel_args& args) {
+ServerAddressList ExtractBalancerAddresses(const ChannelArgs& args) {
   const ServerAddressList* addresses =
       FindGrpclbBalancerAddressesInChannelArgs(args);
   if (addresses != nullptr) return *addresses;
   return ServerAddressList();
 }
 
-/* Returns the channel args for the LB channel, used to create a bidirectional
- * stream for the reception of load balancing updates.
- *
- * Inputs:
- *   - \a addresses: corresponding to the balancers.
- *   - \a response_generator: in order to propagate updates from the resolver
- *   above the grpclb policy.
- *   - \a args: other args inherited from the grpclb policy. */
-grpc_channel_args* BuildBalancerChannelArgs(
-    const ServerAddressList& addresses,
+// Returns the channel args for the LB channel, used to create a bidirectional
+// stream for the reception of load balancing updates.
+//
+// Inputs:
+//   - \a response_generator: in order to propagate updates from the resolver
+//   above the grpclb policy.
+//   - \a args: other args inherited from the grpclb policy.
+ChannelArgs BuildBalancerChannelArgs(
     FakeResolverResponseGenerator* response_generator,
-    const grpc_channel_args* args) {
-  // Channel args to remove.
-  static const char* args_to_remove[] = {
-      // LB policy name, since we want to use the default (pick_first) in
-      // the LB channel.
-      GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME,
-      // Strip out the service config, since we don't want the LB policy
-      // config specified for the parent channel to affect the LB channel.
-      GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG,
-      // The channel arg for the server URI, since that will be different for
-      // the LB channel than for the parent channel.  The client channel
-      // factory will re-add this arg with the right value.
-      GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI,
-      // The fake resolver response generator, because we are replacing it
-      // with the one from the grpclb policy, used to propagate updates to
-      // the LB channel.
-      GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR,
-      // The LB channel should use the authority indicated by the target
-      // authority table (see \a ModifyGrpclbBalancerChannelArgs),
-      // as opposed to the authority from the parent channel.
-      GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY,
-      // Just as for \a GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, the LB channel should be
-      // treated as a stand-alone channel and not inherit this argument from the
-      // args of the parent channel.
-      GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG,
-      // Don't want to pass down channelz node from parent; the balancer
-      // channel will get its own.
-      GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_CHANNEL_NODE,
-  };
-  // Channel args to add.
-  absl::InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 3> args_to_add;
-  // The fake resolver response generator, which we use to inject
-  // address updates into the LB channel.
-  args_to_add.emplace_back(
-      grpc_core::FakeResolverResponseGenerator::MakeChannelArg(
-          response_generator));
-  // A channel arg indicating the target is a grpclb load balancer.
-  args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(
-      const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_GRPCLB_LOAD_BALANCER), 1));
-  // The parent channel's channelz uuid.
-  channelz::ChannelNode* channelz_node = nullptr;
-  const grpc_arg* arg =
-      grpc_channel_args_find(args, GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_CHANNEL_NODE);
-  if (arg != nullptr && arg->type == GRPC_ARG_POINTER &&
-      arg->value.pointer.p != nullptr) {
-    channelz_node = static_cast<channelz::ChannelNode*>(arg->value.pointer.p);
-    args_to_add.emplace_back(
-        channelz::MakeParentUuidArg(channelz_node->uuid()));
+    const ChannelArgs& args) {
+  ChannelArgs grpclb_channel_args;
+  const grpc_channel_args* lb_channel_specific_args =
+      args.GetPointer<grpc_channel_args>(
+          GRPC_ARG_EXPERIMENTAL_GRPCLB_CHANNEL_ARGS);
+  if (lb_channel_specific_args != nullptr) {
+    grpclb_channel_args = ChannelArgs::FromC(lb_channel_specific_args);
+  } else {
+    // Set grpclb_channel_args based on the parent channel's channel args.
+    grpclb_channel_args =
+        args
+            // LB policy name, since we want to use the default (pick_first) in
+            // the LB channel.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME)
+            // Strip out the service config, since we don't want the LB policy
+            // config specified for the parent channel to affect the LB channel.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG)
+            // The channel arg for the server URI, since that will be different
+            // for the LB channel than for the parent channel.  The client
+            // channel factory will re-add this arg with the right value.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI)
+            // The fake resolver response generator, because we are replacing it
+            // with the one from the grpclb policy, used to propagate updates to
+            // the LB channel.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR)
+            // The LB channel should use the authority indicated by the target
+            // authority table (see \a ModifyGrpclbBalancerChannelArgs),
+            // as opposed to the authority from the parent channel.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY)
+            // Just as for \a GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, the LB channel should
+            // be treated as a stand-alone channel and not inherit this argument
+            // from the args of the parent channel.
+            .Remove(GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG)
+            // Don't want to pass down channelz node from parent; the balancer
+            // channel will get its own.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_CHANNEL_NODE)
+            // Remove the channel args for channel credentials and replace it
+            // with a version that does not contain call credentials. The
+            // loadbalancer is not necessarily trusted to handle bearer token
+            // credentials.
+            .Remove(GRPC_ARG_CHANNEL_CREDENTIALS);
   }
-  // Construct channel args.
-  grpc_channel_args* new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
-      args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), args_to_add.data(),
-      args_to_add.size());
-  // Make any necessary modifications for security.
-  return ModifyGrpclbBalancerChannelArgs(addresses, new_args);
+  // Create channel args for channel credentials that does not contain bearer
+  // token credentials.
+  auto* channel_credentials = args.GetObject<grpc_channel_credentials>();
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_credentials != nullptr);
+  RefCountedPtr<grpc_channel_credentials> creds_sans_call_creds =
+      channel_credentials->duplicate_without_call_credentials();
+  GPR_ASSERT(creds_sans_call_creds != nullptr);
+  return grpclb_channel_args
+      // A channel arg indicating the target is a grpclb load balancer.
+      .Set(GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_GRPCLB_LOAD_BALANCER, 1)
+      // Tells channelz that this is an internal channel.
+      .Set(GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_IS_INTERNAL_CHANNEL, 1)
+      // A channel args for new channel credentials that does not contain bearer
+      // tokens.
+      .SetObject(creds_sans_call_creds)
+      // The fake resolver response generator, which we use to inject
+      // address updates into the LB channel.
+      .SetObject(response_generator->Ref());
 }
 
 //
 // ctor and dtor
 //
 
+std::string GetServerNameFromChannelArgs(const ChannelArgs& args) {
+  absl::StatusOr<URI> uri =
+      URI::Parse(args.GetString(GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI).value());
+  GPR_ASSERT(uri.ok() && !uri->path().empty());
+  return std::string(absl::StripPrefix(uri->path(), "/"));
+}
+
 GrpcLb::GrpcLb(Args args)
     : LoadBalancingPolicy(std::move(args)),
+      server_name_(GetServerNameFromChannelArgs(channel_args())),
       response_generator_(MakeRefCounted<FakeResolverResponseGenerator>()),
+      lb_call_timeout_(std::max(
+          Duration::Zero(),
+          channel_args()
+              .GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS)
+              .value_or(Duration::Zero()))),
       lb_call_backoff_(
           BackOff::Options()
-              .set_initial_backoff(GRPC_GRPCLB_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS *
-                                   1000)
+              .set_initial_backoff(Duration::Seconds(
+                  GRPC_GRPCLB_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS))
               .set_multiplier(GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER)
               .set_jitter(GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_JITTER)
-              .set_max_backoff(GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS *
-                               1000)) {
-  // Closure Initialization
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lb_on_fallback_, &GrpcLb::OnFallbackTimer, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lb_on_call_retry_, &GrpcLb::OnBalancerCallRetryTimer, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  // Record server name.
-  const grpc_arg* arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args.args, GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI);
-  const char* server_uri = grpc_channel_arg_get_string(arg);
-  GPR_ASSERT(server_uri != nullptr);
-  grpc_uri* uri = grpc_uri_parse(server_uri, true);
-  GPR_ASSERT(uri->path[0] != '\0');
-  server_name_ = gpr_strdup(uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path);
+              .set_max_backoff(Duration::Seconds(
+                  GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS))),
+      fallback_at_startup_timeout_(std::max(
+          Duration::Zero(),
+          channel_args()
+              .GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+              .value_or(Duration::Milliseconds(
+                  GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)))),
+      subchannel_cache_interval_(std::max(
+          Duration::Zero(),
+          channel_args()
+              .GetDurationFromIntMillis(
+                  GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_SUBCHANNEL_CACHE_INTERVAL_MS)
+              .value_or(Duration::Milliseconds(
+                  GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_SUBCHANNEL_DELETION_DELAY_MS)))) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[grpclb %p] Will use '%s' as the server name for LB request.",
-            this, server_name_);
+            this, server_name_.c_str());
   }
-  grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
-  // Record LB call timeout.
-  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args.args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS);
-  lb_call_timeout_ms_ = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(arg, {0, 0, INT_MAX});
-  // Record fallback-at-startup timeout.
-  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args.args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-  fallback_at_startup_timeout_ = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-      arg, {GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, 0, INT_MAX});
-}
-
-GrpcLb::~GrpcLb() {
-  gpr_free((void*)server_name_);
-  grpc_channel_args_destroy(args_);
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::ShutdownLocked() {
   shutting_down_ = true;
   lb_calld_.reset();
-  if (retry_timer_callback_pending_) {
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&lb_call_retry_timer_);
+  if (subchannel_cache_timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+        *subchannel_cache_timer_handle_);
+    subchannel_cache_timer_handle_.reset();
+  }
+  cached_subchannels_.clear();
+  if (lb_call_retry_timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+        *lb_call_retry_timer_handle_);
   }
   if (fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_) {
     fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = false;
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&lb_fallback_timer_);
+    channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->Cancel(
+        *lb_fallback_timer_handle_);
     CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked();
   }
   if (child_policy_ != nullptr) {
@@ -1382,6 +1525,12 @@ void GrpcLb::ShutdownLocked() {
   // OnBalancerChannelConnectivityChangedLocked(), and we need to be
   // alive when that callback is invoked.
   if (lb_channel_ != nullptr) {
+    if (parent_channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+      channelz::ChannelNode* child_channelz_node =
+          grpc_channel_get_channelz_node(lb_channel_);
+      GPR_ASSERT(child_channelz_node != nullptr);
+      parent_channelz_node_->RemoveChildChannel(child_channelz_node->uuid());
+    }
     grpc_channel_destroy(lb_channel_);
     lb_channel_ = nullptr;
   }
@@ -1400,78 +1549,94 @@ void GrpcLb::ResetBackoffLocked() {
   }
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::UpdateLocked(UpdateArgs args) {
+absl::Status GrpcLb::UpdateLocked(UpdateArgs args) {
   const bool is_initial_update = lb_channel_ == nullptr;
   config_ = args.config;
   GPR_ASSERT(config_ != nullptr);
-  ProcessAddressesAndChannelArgsLocked(args.addresses, *args.args);
-  // Update the existing child policy.
+  // Update fallback address list.
+  fallback_backend_addresses_ = std::move(args.addresses);
+  if (fallback_backend_addresses_.ok()) {
+    // Add null LB token attributes.
+    for (ServerAddress& address : *fallback_backend_addresses_) {
+      address = address.WithAttribute(
+          kGrpcLbAddressAttributeKey,
+          std::make_unique<TokenAndClientStatsAttribute>("", nullptr));
+    }
+  }
+  resolution_note_ = std::move(args.resolution_note);
+  // Update balancer channel.
+  absl::Status status = UpdateBalancerChannelLocked(args.args);
+  // Update the existing child policy, if any.
   if (child_policy_ != nullptr) CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked();
   // If this is the initial update, start the fallback-at-startup checks
   // and the balancer call.
   if (is_initial_update) {
     fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ = true;
     // Start timer.
-    grpc_millis deadline = ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + fallback_at_startup_timeout_;
-    Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_fallback_timer").release();  // Ref for callback
-    grpc_timer_init(&lb_fallback_timer_, deadline, &lb_on_fallback_);
+    lb_fallback_timer_handle_ =
+        channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+            fallback_at_startup_timeout_,
+            [self = static_cast<RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb>>(
+                 Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_fallback_timer"))]() mutable {
+              ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+              ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+              auto self_ptr = self.get();
+              self_ptr->work_serializer()->Run(
+                  [self = std::move(self)]() { self->OnFallbackTimerLocked(); },
+                  DEBUG_LOCATION);
+            });
     // Start watching the channel's connectivity state.  If the channel
     // goes into state TRANSIENT_FAILURE before the timer fires, we go into
     // fallback mode even if the fallback timeout has not elapsed.
-    grpc_channel_element* client_channel_elem = grpc_channel_stack_last_element(
-        grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(lb_channel_));
-    GPR_ASSERT(client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter);
+    ClientChannel* client_channel =
+        ClientChannel::GetFromChannel(Channel::FromC(lb_channel_));
+    GPR_ASSERT(client_channel != nullptr);
     // Ref held by callback.
     watcher_ = new StateWatcher(Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "StateWatcher"));
-    grpc_client_channel_start_connectivity_watch(
-        client_channel_elem, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
+    client_channel->AddConnectivityWatcher(
+        GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
         OrphanablePtr<AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>(watcher_));
     // Start balancer call.
     StartBalancerCallLocked();
   }
+  return status;
 }
 
 //
 // helpers for UpdateLocked()
 //
 
-ServerAddressList AddNullLbTokenToAddresses(
-    const ServerAddressList& addresses) {
-  static const char* lb_token = "";
-  grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
-      const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_ADDRESS_LB_TOKEN),
-      const_cast<char*>(lb_token), &lb_token_arg_vtable);
-  ServerAddressList addresses_out;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses.size(); ++i) {
-    addresses_out.emplace_back(
-        addresses[i].address(),
-        grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(addresses[i].args(), &arg, 1));
-  }
-  return addresses_out;
-}
-
-void GrpcLb::ProcessAddressesAndChannelArgsLocked(
-    const ServerAddressList& addresses, const grpc_channel_args& args) {
-  // Update fallback address list.
-  fallback_backend_addresses_ = AddNullLbTokenToAddresses(addresses);
+absl::Status GrpcLb::UpdateBalancerChannelLocked(const ChannelArgs& args) {
   // Make sure that GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME is set in channel args,
   // since we use this to trigger the client_load_reporting filter.
-  static const char* args_to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME};
-  grpc_arg new_arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      (char*)GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, (char*)"grpclb");
-  grpc_channel_args_destroy(args_);
-  args_ = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
-      &args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), &new_arg, 1);
-  // Construct args for balancer channel.
+  args_ = args.Set(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, "grpclb");
+  // Get balancer addresses.
   ServerAddressList balancer_addresses = ExtractBalancerAddresses(args);
-  grpc_channel_args* lb_channel_args = BuildBalancerChannelArgs(
-      balancer_addresses, response_generator_.get(), &args);
+  absl::Status status;
+  if (balancer_addresses.empty()) {
+    status = absl::UnavailableError("balancer address list must be non-empty");
+  }
+  // Construct args for balancer channel.
+  ChannelArgs lb_channel_args =
+      BuildBalancerChannelArgs(response_generator_.get(), args);
   // Create balancer channel if needed.
   if (lb_channel_ == nullptr) {
     std::string uri_str = absl::StrCat("fake:///", server_name_);
-    lb_channel_ =
-        CreateGrpclbBalancerChannel(uri_str.c_str(), *lb_channel_args);
+    auto* creds = lb_channel_args.GetObject<grpc_channel_credentials>();
+    GPR_ASSERT(creds != nullptr);
+    lb_channel_ = grpc_channel_create(
+        uri_str.c_str(), creds,
+        lb_channel_args.Remove(GRPC_ARG_CHANNEL_CREDENTIALS).ToC().get());
     GPR_ASSERT(lb_channel_ != nullptr);
+    // Set up channelz linkage.
+    channelz::ChannelNode* child_channelz_node =
+        grpc_channel_get_channelz_node(lb_channel_);
+    channelz::ChannelNode* parent_channelz_node =
+        args.GetObject<channelz::ChannelNode>();
+    if (child_channelz_node != nullptr && parent_channelz_node != nullptr) {
+      parent_channelz_node->AddChildChannel(child_channelz_node->uuid());
+      parent_channelz_node_ = parent_channelz_node->Ref();
+    }
   }
   // Propagate updates to the LB channel (pick_first) through the fake
   // resolver.
@@ -1479,13 +1644,15 @@ void GrpcLb::ProcessAddressesAndChannelArgsLocked(
   result.addresses = std::move(balancer_addresses);
   result.args = lb_channel_args;
   response_generator_->SetResponse(std::move(result));
+  // Return status.
+  return status;
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::CancelBalancerChannelConnectivityWatchLocked() {
-  grpc_channel_element* client_channel_elem = grpc_channel_stack_last_element(
-      grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(lb_channel_));
-  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter);
-  grpc_client_channel_stop_connectivity_watch(client_channel_elem, watcher_);
+  ClientChannel* client_channel =
+      ClientChannel::GetFromChannel(Channel::FromC(lb_channel_));
+  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel != nullptr);
+  client_channel->RemoveConnectivityWatcher(watcher_);
 }
 
 //
@@ -1507,47 +1674,41 @@ void GrpcLb::StartBalancerCallLocked() {
 }
 
 void GrpcLb::StartBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked() {
-  grpc_millis next_try = lb_call_backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
+  Duration timeout = lb_call_backoff_.NextAttemptTime() - Timestamp::Now();
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[grpclb %p] Connection to LB server lost...", this);
-    grpc_millis timeout = next_try - ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
-    if (timeout > 0) {
+    if (timeout > Duration::Zero()) {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[grpclb %p] ... retry_timer_active in %" PRId64 "ms.",
-              this, timeout);
+              this, timeout.millis());
     } else {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[grpclb %p] ... retry_timer_active immediately.",
               this);
     }
   }
-  // TODO(roth): We currently track this ref manually.  Once the
-  // ClosureRef API is ready, we should pass the RefCountedPtr<> along
-  // with the callback.
-  auto self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_balancer_call_retry_timer");
-  self.release();
-  retry_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
-  grpc_timer_init(&lb_call_retry_timer_, next_try, &lb_on_call_retry_);
+  lb_call_retry_timer_handle_ =
+      channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+          timeout,
+          [self = static_cast<RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb>>(
+               Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_balancer_call_retry_timer"))]() mutable {
+            ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            auto self_ptr = self.get();
+            self_ptr->work_serializer()->Run(
+                [self = std::move(self)]() {
+                  self->OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked();
+                },
+                DEBUG_LOCATION);
+          });
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::OnBalancerCallRetryTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
-  GrpcLb* grpclb_policy = static_cast<GrpcLb*>(arg);
-  GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // ref owned by lambda
-  grpclb_policy->work_serializer()->Run(
-      [grpclb_policy, error]() {
-        grpclb_policy->OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked(error);
-      },
-      DEBUG_LOCATION);
-}
-
-void GrpcLb::OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked(grpc_error* error) {
-  retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-  if (!shutting_down_ && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && lb_calld_ == nullptr) {
+void GrpcLb::OnBalancerCallRetryTimerLocked() {
+  lb_call_retry_timer_handle_.reset();
+  if (!shutting_down_ && lb_calld_ == nullptr) {
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[grpclb %p] Restarting call to LB server", this);
     }
     StartBalancerCallLocked();
   }
-  Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_balancer_call_retry_timer");
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 //
@@ -1572,19 +1733,10 @@ void GrpcLb::MaybeEnterFallbackModeAfterStartup() {
   }
 }
 
-void GrpcLb::OnFallbackTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
-  GrpcLb* grpclb_policy = static_cast<GrpcLb*>(arg);
-  GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // ref owned by lambda
-  grpclb_policy->work_serializer()->Run(
-      [grpclb_policy, error]() { grpclb_policy->OnFallbackTimerLocked(error); },
-      DEBUG_LOCATION);
-}
-
-void GrpcLb::OnFallbackTimerLocked(grpc_error* error) {
+void GrpcLb::OnFallbackTimerLocked() {
   // If we receive a serverlist after the timer fires but before this callback
   // actually runs, don't fall back.
-  if (fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ && !shutting_down_ &&
-      error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (fallback_at_startup_checks_pending_ && !shutting_down_) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[grpclb %p] No response from balancer after fallback timeout; "
             "entering fallback mode",
@@ -1594,34 +1746,30 @@ void GrpcLb::OnFallbackTimerLocked(grpc_error* error) {
     fallback_mode_ = true;
     CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked();
   }
-  Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "on_fallback_timer");
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 //
 // code for interacting with the child policy
 //
 
-grpc_channel_args* GrpcLb::CreateChildPolicyArgsLocked(
+ChannelArgs GrpcLb::CreateChildPolicyArgsLocked(
     bool is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer) {
-  absl::InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 2> args_to_add;
-  args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(
-      const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_BACKEND_FROM_GRPCLB_LOAD_BALANCER),
-      is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer));
+  ChannelArgs r =
+      args_.Set(GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_BACKEND_FROM_GRPCLB_LOAD_BALANCER,
+                is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer);
   if (is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer) {
-    args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(
-        const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_INHIBIT_HEALTH_CHECKING), 1));
+    r = r.Set(GRPC_ARG_INHIBIT_HEALTH_CHECKING, 1);
   }
-  return grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, args_to_add.data(),
-                                        args_to_add.size());
+  return r;
 }
 
 OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> GrpcLb::CreateChildPolicyLocked(
-    const grpc_channel_args* args) {
+    const ChannelArgs& args) {
   LoadBalancingPolicy::Args lb_policy_args;
   lb_policy_args.work_serializer = work_serializer();
   lb_policy_args.args = args;
-  lb_policy_args.channel_control_helper = absl::make_unique<Helper>(Ref());
+  lb_policy_args.channel_control_helper =
+      std::make_unique<Helper>(Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Helper"));
   OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> lb_policy =
       MakeOrphanable<ChildPolicyHandler>(std::move(lb_policy_args),
                                          &grpc_lb_glb_trace);
@@ -1644,11 +1792,17 @@ void GrpcLb::CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked() {
   bool is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer = false;
   if (fallback_mode_) {
     // If CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked() is invoked when we haven't
-    // received any serverlist from the balancer, we use the fallback backends
-    // returned by the resolver. Note that the fallback backend list may be
-    // empty, in which case the new round_robin policy will keep the requested
-    // picks pending.
+    // received any serverlist from the balancer, we use the fallback
+    // backends returned by the resolver. Note that the fallback backend
+    // list may be empty, in which case the new child policy will fail the
+    // picks.
     update_args.addresses = fallback_backend_addresses_;
+    if (fallback_backend_addresses_.ok() &&
+        fallback_backend_addresses_->empty()) {
+      update_args.resolution_note = absl::StrCat(
+          "grpclb in fallback mode without any balancer addresses: ",
+          resolution_note_);
+    }
   } else {
     update_args.addresses = serverlist_->GetServerAddressList(
         lb_calld_ == nullptr ? nullptr : lb_calld_->client_stats());
@@ -1656,7 +1810,7 @@ void GrpcLb::CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked() {
   }
   update_args.args =
       CreateChildPolicyArgsLocked(is_backend_from_grpclb_load_balancer);
-  GPR_ASSERT(update_args.args != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(update_args.args != ChannelArgs());
   update_args.config = config_->child_policy();
   // Create child policy if needed.
   if (child_policy_ == nullptr) {
@@ -1667,7 +1821,59 @@ void GrpcLb::CreateOrUpdateChildPolicyLocked() {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[grpclb %p] Updating child policy handler %p", this,
             child_policy_.get());
   }
-  child_policy_->UpdateLocked(std::move(update_args));
+  // TODO(roth): If we're in fallback mode and the child policy rejects the
+  // update, we should propagate that failure back to the resolver somehow.
+  (void)child_policy_->UpdateLocked(std::move(update_args));
+}
+
+//
+// subchannel caching
+//
+
+void GrpcLb::CacheDeletedSubchannelLocked(
+    RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> subchannel) {
+  Timestamp deletion_time = Timestamp::Now() + subchannel_cache_interval_;
+  cached_subchannels_[deletion_time].push_back(std::move(subchannel));
+  if (!subchannel_cache_timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    StartSubchannelCacheTimerLocked();
+  }
+}
+
+void GrpcLb::StartSubchannelCacheTimerLocked() {
+  GPR_ASSERT(!cached_subchannels_.empty());
+  subchannel_cache_timer_handle_ =
+      channel_control_helper()->GetEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+          cached_subchannels_.begin()->first - Timestamp::Now(),
+          [self = static_cast<RefCountedPtr<GrpcLb>>(
+               Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "OnSubchannelCacheTimer"))]() mutable {
+            ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            auto* self_ptr = self.get();
+            self_ptr->work_serializer()->Run(
+                [self = std::move(self)]() mutable {
+                  self->OnSubchannelCacheTimerLocked();
+                },
+                DEBUG_LOCATION);
+          });
+}
+
+void GrpcLb::OnSubchannelCacheTimerLocked() {
+  if (subchannel_cache_timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    subchannel_cache_timer_handle_.reset();
+    auto it = cached_subchannels_.begin();
+    if (it != cached_subchannels_.end()) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[grpclb %p] removing %" PRIuPTR " subchannels from cache",
+                this, it->second.size());
+      }
+      cached_subchannels_.erase(it);
+    }
+    if (!cached_subchannels_.empty()) {
+      StartSubchannelCacheTimerLocked();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 //
@@ -1681,97 +1887,33 @@ class GrpcLbFactory : public LoadBalancingPolicyFactory {
     return MakeOrphanable<GrpcLb>(std::move(args));
   }
 
-  const char* name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
+  absl::string_view name() const override { return kGrpclb; }
 
-  RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> ParseLoadBalancingConfig(
-      const Json& json, grpc_error** error) const override {
-    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error != nullptr && *error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-    if (json.type() == Json::Type::JSON_NULL) {
-      return MakeRefCounted<GrpcLbConfig>(nullptr, "");
-    }
-    std::vector<grpc_error*> error_list;
-    Json child_policy_config_json_tmp;
-    const Json* child_policy_config_json;
-    std::string service_name;
-    auto it = json.object_value().find("serviceName");
-    if (it != json.object_value().end()) {
-      const Json& service_name_json = it->second;
-      if (service_name_json.type() != Json::Type::STRING) {
-        error_list.push_back(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-            "field:serviceName error:type should be string"));
-      } else {
-        service_name = service_name_json.string_value();
-      }
-    }
-    it = json.object_value().find("childPolicy");
-    if (it == json.object_value().end()) {
-      child_policy_config_json_tmp = Json::Array{Json::Object{
-          {"round_robin", Json::Object()},
-      }};
-      child_policy_config_json = &child_policy_config_json_tmp;
-    } else {
-      child_policy_config_json = &it->second;
-    }
-    grpc_error* parse_error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-    RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> child_policy_config =
-        LoadBalancingPolicyRegistry::ParseLoadBalancingConfig(
-            *child_policy_config_json, &parse_error);
-    if (parse_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      std::vector<grpc_error*> child_errors;
-      child_errors.push_back(parse_error);
-      error_list.push_back(
-          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_VECTOR("field:childPolicy", &child_errors));
-    }
-    if (error_list.empty()) {
-      return MakeRefCounted<GrpcLbConfig>(std::move(child_policy_config),
-                                          std::move(service_name));
-    } else {
-      *error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_VECTOR("GrpcLb Parser", &error_list);
-      return nullptr;
-    }
+  absl::StatusOr<RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config>>
+  ParseLoadBalancingConfig(const Json& json) const override {
+    return LoadRefCountedFromJson<GrpcLbConfig>(
+        json, JsonArgs(), "errors validating grpclb LB policy config");
   }
 };
 
 }  // namespace
 
-}  // namespace grpc_core
-
 //
 // Plugin registration
 //
 
-namespace {
-
-// Only add client_load_reporting filter if the grpclb LB policy is used.
-bool maybe_add_client_load_reporting_filter(grpc_channel_stack_builder* builder,
-                                            void* arg) {
-  const grpc_channel_args* args =
-      grpc_channel_stack_builder_get_channel_arguments(builder);
-  const grpc_arg* channel_arg =
-      grpc_channel_args_find(args, GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME);
-  if (channel_arg != nullptr && channel_arg->type == GRPC_ARG_STRING &&
-      strcmp(channel_arg->value.string, "grpclb") == 0) {
-    // TODO(roth): When we get around to re-attempting
-    // https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/16214, we should try to keep
-    // this filter at the very top of the subchannel stack, since that
-    // will minimize the number of metadata elements that the filter
-    // needs to iterate through to find the ClientStats object.
-    return grpc_channel_stack_builder_prepend_filter(
-        builder, (const grpc_channel_filter*)arg, nullptr, nullptr);
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-void grpc_lb_policy_grpclb_init() {
-  grpc_core::LoadBalancingPolicyRegistry::Builder::
-      RegisterLoadBalancingPolicyFactory(
-          absl::make_unique<grpc_core::GrpcLbFactory>());
-  grpc_channel_init_register_stage(GRPC_CLIENT_SUBCHANNEL,
-                                   GRPC_CHANNEL_INIT_BUILTIN_PRIORITY,
-                                   maybe_add_client_load_reporting_filter,
-                                   (void*)&grpc_client_load_reporting_filter);
+void RegisterGrpcLbPolicy(CoreConfiguration::Builder* builder) {
+  builder->lb_policy_registry()->RegisterLoadBalancingPolicyFactory(
+      std::make_unique<GrpcLbFactory>());
+  builder->channel_init()->RegisterStage(
+      GRPC_CLIENT_SUBCHANNEL, GRPC_CHANNEL_INIT_BUILTIN_PRIORITY,
+      [](ChannelStackBuilder* builder) {
+        if (builder->channel_args().GetString(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME) ==
+            "grpclb") {
+          builder->PrependFilter(&ClientLoadReportingFilter::kFilter);
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
 }
 
-void grpc_lb_policy_grpclb_shutdown() {}
+}  // namespace grpc_core