grpc 1.30.2

data/src/core/lib/transport/connectivity_state.h

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_CONNECTIVITY_STATE_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_CONNECTIVITY_STATE_H
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/trace.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/atomic.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/map.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/work_serializer.h"
+
+namespace grpc_core {
+
+extern TraceFlag grpc_connectivity_state_trace;
+
+// Enum to string conversion.
+const char* ConnectivityStateName(grpc_connectivity_state state);
+
+// Interface for watching connectivity state.
+// Subclasses must implement the Notify() method.
+//
+// Note: Most callers will want to use
+// AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface instead.
+class ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface
+    : public InternallyRefCounted<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface> {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface() = default;
+
+  // Notifies the watcher that the state has changed to new_state.
+  virtual void Notify(grpc_connectivity_state new_state) = 0;
+
+  void Orphan() override { Unref(); }
+};
+
+// An alternative watcher interface that performs notifications via an
+// asynchronous callback scheduled on the ExecCtx.
+// Subclasses must implement the OnConnectivityStateChange() method.
+class AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface
+    : public ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface {
+ public:
+  virtual ~AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface() = default;
+
+  // Schedules a closure on the ExecCtx to invoke
+  // OnConnectivityStateChange() asynchronously.
+  void Notify(grpc_connectivity_state new_state) override final;
+
+ protected:
+  class Notifier;
+
+  // If \a combiner is nullptr, then the notification will be scheduled on the
+  // ExecCtx.
+  explicit AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface(
+      std::shared_ptr<WorkSerializer> work_serializer = nullptr)
+      : work_serializer_(std::move(work_serializer)) {}
+
+  // Invoked asynchronously when Notify() is called.
+  virtual void OnConnectivityStateChange(grpc_connectivity_state new_state) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr<WorkSerializer> work_serializer_;
+};
+
+// Tracks connectivity state.  Maintains a list of watchers that are
+// notified whenever the state changes.
+//
+// Note that once the state becomes SHUTDOWN, watchers will be notified
+// and then automatically orphaned (i.e., RemoveWatcher() does not need
+// to be called).
+class ConnectivityStateTracker {
+ public:
+  ConnectivityStateTracker(const char* name,
+                           grpc_connectivity_state state = GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE)
+      : name_(name), state_(state) {}
+
+  ~ConnectivityStateTracker();
+
+  // Adds a watcher.
+  // If the current state is different than initial_state, the watcher
+  // will be notified immediately.  Otherwise, it will be notified
+  // whenever the state changes.
+  // Not thread safe; access must be serialized with an external lock.
+  void AddWatcher(grpc_connectivity_state initial_state,
+                  OrphanablePtr<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface> watcher);
+
+  // Removes a watcher.  The watcher will be orphaned.
+  // Not thread safe; access must be serialized with an external lock.
+  void RemoveWatcher(ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface* watcher);
+
+  // Sets connectivity state.
+  // Not thread safe; access must be serialized with an external lock.
+  void SetState(grpc_connectivity_state state, const char* reason);
+
+  // Gets the current state.
+  // Thread safe; no need to use an external lock.
+  grpc_connectivity_state state() const;
+
+ private:
+  const char* name_;
+  Atomic<grpc_connectivity_state> state_;
+  // TODO(roth): Once we can use C++-14 heterogeneous lookups, this can
+  // be a set instead of a map.
+  std::map<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface*,
+           OrphanablePtr<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>>
+      watchers_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace grpc_core
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_CONNECTIVITY_STATE_H */

data/src/core/lib/transport/error_utils.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/error_utils.h"
+
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.h"
+
+static grpc_error* recursively_find_error_with_field(grpc_error* error,
+                                                     grpc_error_ints which) {
+  intptr_t unused;
+  // If the error itself has a status code, return it.
+  if (grpc_error_get_int(error, which, &unused)) {
+    return error;
+  }
+  if (grpc_error_is_special(error)) return nullptr;
+  // Otherwise, search through its children.
+  uint8_t slot = error->first_err;
+  while (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
+    grpc_linked_error* lerr =
+        reinterpret_cast<grpc_linked_error*>(error->arena + slot);
+    grpc_error* result = recursively_find_error_with_field(lerr->err, which);
+    if (result) return result;
+    slot = lerr->next;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void grpc_error_get_status(grpc_error* error, grpc_millis deadline,
+                           grpc_status_code* code, grpc_slice* slice,
+                           grpc_http2_error_code* http_error,
+                           const char** error_string) {
+  // Fast path: We expect no error.
+  if (GPR_LIKELY(error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE)) {
+    if (code != nullptr) *code = GRPC_STATUS_OK;
+    if (slice != nullptr) {
+      // Normally, we call grpc_error_get_str(
+      //   error, GRPC_ERROR_STR_GRPC_MESSAGE, slice).
+      // We can fastpath since we know that:
+      // 1) Error is null
+      // 2) which == GRPC_ERROR_STR_GRPC_MESSAGE
+      // 3) The resulting slice is statically known.
+      // 4) Said resulting slice is of length 0 ("").
+      // This means 3 movs, instead of 10s of instructions and a strlen.
+      *slice = grpc_core::ExternallyManagedSlice("");
+    }
+    if (http_error != nullptr) {
+      *http_error = GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Start with the parent error and recurse through the tree of children
+  // until we find the first one that has a status code.
+  grpc_error* found_error =
+      recursively_find_error_with_field(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS);
+  if (found_error == nullptr) {
+    /// If no grpc-status exists, retry through the tree to find a http2 error
+    /// code
+    found_error =
+        recursively_find_error_with_field(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  // If we found an error with a status code above, use that; otherwise,
+  // fall back to using the parent error.
+  if (found_error == nullptr) found_error = error;
+
+  grpc_status_code status = GRPC_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
+  intptr_t integer;
+  if (grpc_error_get_int(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, &integer)) {
+    status = static_cast<grpc_status_code>(integer);
+  } else if (grpc_error_get_int(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR,
+                                &integer)) {
+    status = grpc_http2_error_to_grpc_status(
+        static_cast<grpc_http2_error_code>(integer), deadline);
+  }
+  if (code != nullptr) *code = status;
+
+  if (error_string != nullptr && status != GRPC_STATUS_OK) {
+    *error_string = gpr_strdup(grpc_error_string(error));
+  }
+
+  if (http_error != nullptr) {
+    if (grpc_error_get_int(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, &integer)) {
+      *http_error = static_cast<grpc_http2_error_code>(integer);
+    } else if (grpc_error_get_int(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
+                                  &integer)) {
+      *http_error =
+          grpc_status_to_http2_error(static_cast<grpc_status_code>(integer));
+    } else {
+      *http_error = found_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE ? GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR
+                                                   : GRPC_HTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If the error has a status message, use it.  Otherwise, fall back to
+  // the error description.
+  if (slice != nullptr) {
+    if (!grpc_error_get_str(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_STR_GRPC_MESSAGE, slice)) {
+      if (!grpc_error_get_str(found_error, GRPC_ERROR_STR_DESCRIPTION, slice)) {
+        *slice = grpc_slice_from_static_string("unknown error");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool grpc_error_has_clear_grpc_status(grpc_error* error) {
+  intptr_t unused;
+  if (grpc_error_get_int(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, &unused)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  uint8_t slot = error->first_err;
+  while (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
+    grpc_linked_error* lerr =
+        reinterpret_cast<grpc_linked_error*>(error->arena + slot);
+    if (grpc_error_has_clear_grpc_status(lerr->err)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    slot = lerr->next;
+  }
+  return false;
+}

data/src/core/lib/transport/error_utils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_ERROR_UTILS_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_ERROR_UTILS_H
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/http2_errors.h"
+
+/// A utility function to get the status code and message to be returned
+/// to the application.  If not set in the top-level message, looks
+/// through child errors until it finds the first one with these attributes.
+/// All attributes are pulled from the same child error. error_string will
+/// be populated with the entire error string. If any of the attributes (code,
+/// msg, http_status, error_string) are unneeded, they can be passed as
+/// NULL.
+void grpc_error_get_status(grpc_error* error, grpc_millis deadline,
+                           grpc_status_code* code, grpc_slice* slice,
+                           grpc_http2_error_code* http_status,
+                           const char** error_string);
+
+/// A utility function to check whether there is a clear status code that
+/// doesn't need to be guessed in \a error. This means that \a error or some
+/// child has GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS set, or that it is GRPC_ERROR_NONE or
+/// GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED
+bool grpc_error_has_clear_grpc_status(grpc_error* error);
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_ERROR_UTILS_H */

data/src/core/lib/transport/http2_errors.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_HTTP2_ERRORS_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_HTTP2_ERRORS_H
+
+/* error codes for RST_STREAM from http2 draft 14 section 7 */
+typedef enum {
+  GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR = 0x0,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0x1,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR = 0x2,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR = 0x3,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_SETTINGS_TIMEOUT = 0x4,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_STREAM_CLOSED = 0x5,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_FRAME_SIZE_ERROR = 0x6,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_REFUSED_STREAM = 0x7,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_CANCEL = 0x8,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_COMPRESSION_ERROR = 0x9,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_CONNECT_ERROR = 0xa,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM = 0xb,
+  GRPC_HTTP2_INADEQUATE_SECURITY = 0xc,
+  /* force use of a default clause */
+  GRPC_HTTP2__ERROR_DO_NOT_USE = -1
+} grpc_http2_error_code;
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_LIB_TRANSPORT_HTTP2_ERRORS_H */

data/src/core/lib/transport/metadata.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <grpc/compression.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/atm.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/murmur_hash.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h"
+
+using grpc_core::AllocatedMetadata;
+using grpc_core::InternedMetadata;
+using grpc_core::StaticMetadata;
+using grpc_core::UserData;
+
+/* There are two kinds of mdelem and mdstr instances.
+ * Static instances are declared in static_metadata.{h,c} and
+ * are initialized by grpc_mdctx_global_init().
+ * Dynamic instances are stored in hash tables on grpc_mdctx, and are backed
+ * by internal_string and internal_element structures.
+ * Internal helper functions here-in (is_mdstr_static, is_mdelem_static) are
+ * used to determine which kind of element a pointer refers to.
+ */
+
+grpc_core::DebugOnlyTraceFlag grpc_trace_metadata(false, "metadata");
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define DEBUG_ARGS , const char *file, int line
+#define FWD_DEBUG_ARGS file, line
+
+void grpc_mdelem_trace_ref(void* md, const grpc_slice& key,
+                           const grpc_slice& value, intptr_t refcnt,
+                           const char* file, int line) {
+  if (grpc_trace_metadata.enabled()) {
+    char* key_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(key);
+    char* value_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value);
+    gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
+            "mdelem   REF:%p:%" PRIdPTR "->%" PRIdPTR ": '%s' = '%s'", md,
+            refcnt, refcnt + 1, key_str, value_str);
+    gpr_free(key_str);
+    gpr_free(value_str);
+  }
+}
+
+void grpc_mdelem_trace_unref(void* md, const grpc_slice& key,
+                             const grpc_slice& value, intptr_t refcnt,
+                             const char* file, int line) {
+  if (grpc_trace_metadata.enabled()) {
+    char* key_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(key);
+    char* value_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value);
+    gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
+            "mdelem   UNREF:%p:%" PRIdPTR "->%" PRIdPTR ": '%s' = '%s'", md,
+            refcnt, refcnt - 1, key_str, value_str);
+    gpr_free(key_str);
+    gpr_free(value_str);
+  }
+}
+
+#else  // ifndef NDEBUG
+#define DEBUG_ARGS
+#define FWD_DEBUG_ARGS
+#endif  // ifndef NDEBUG
+
+#define INITIAL_SHARD_CAPACITY 8
+#define LOG2_SHARD_COUNT 4
+#define SHARD_COUNT ((size_t)(1 << LOG2_SHARD_COUNT))
+
+#define TABLE_IDX(hash, capacity) (((hash) >> (LOG2_SHARD_COUNT)) % (capacity))
+#define SHARD_IDX(hash) ((hash) & ((1 << (LOG2_SHARD_COUNT)) - 1))
+
+void StaticMetadata::HashInit() {
+  uint32_t k_hash = grpc_slice_hash_internal(kv_.key);
+  uint32_t v_hash = grpc_slice_hash_internal(kv_.value);
+  hash_ = GRPC_MDSTR_KV_HASH(k_hash, v_hash);
+}
+
+AllocatedMetadata::AllocatedMetadata(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                     const grpc_slice& value)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(grpc_slice_ref_internal(key),
+                       grpc_slice_ref_internal(value)) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("ALLOC_MD");
+#endif
+}
+
+AllocatedMetadata::AllocatedMetadata(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                     const grpc_slice& value, const NoRefKey*)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(key, grpc_slice_ref_internal(value)) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("ALLOC_MD_NOREF_KEY");
+#endif
+}
+
+AllocatedMetadata::AllocatedMetadata(
+    const grpc_core::ManagedMemorySlice& key,
+    const grpc_core::UnmanagedMemorySlice& value)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(key, value) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("ALLOC_MD_NOREF_KEY_VAL");
+#endif
+}
+
+AllocatedMetadata::AllocatedMetadata(
+    const grpc_core::ExternallyManagedSlice& key,
+    const grpc_core::UnmanagedMemorySlice& value)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(key, value) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("ALLOC_MD_NOREF_KEY_VAL");
+#endif
+}
+
+AllocatedMetadata::~AllocatedMetadata() {
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(key());
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(value());
+  void* user_data = user_data_.data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  if (user_data) {
+    destroy_user_data_func destroy_user_data =
+        user_data_.destroy_user_data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+    destroy_user_data(user_data);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+void grpc_core::RefcountedMdBase::TraceAtStart(const char* tag) {
+  if (grpc_trace_metadata.enabled()) {
+    char* key_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(key());
+    char* value_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value());
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "mdelem   %s:%p:%" PRIdPTR ": '%s' = '%s'", tag, this,
+            RefValue(), key_str, value_str);
+    gpr_free(key_str);
+    gpr_free(value_str);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+InternedMetadata::InternedMetadata(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                   const grpc_slice& value, uint32_t hash,
+                                   InternedMetadata* next)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(grpc_slice_ref_internal(key),
+                       grpc_slice_ref_internal(value), hash),
+      link_(next) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("INTERNED_MD");
+#endif
+}
+
+InternedMetadata::InternedMetadata(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                   const grpc_slice& value, uint32_t hash,
+                                   InternedMetadata* next, const NoRefKey*)
+    : RefcountedMdBase(key, grpc_slice_ref_internal(value), hash), link_(next) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  TraceAtStart("INTERNED_MD_NOREF_KEY");
+#endif
+}
+
+InternedMetadata::~InternedMetadata() {
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(key());
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(value());
+  void* user_data = user_data_.data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  if (user_data) {
+    destroy_user_data_func destroy_user_data =
+        user_data_.destroy_user_data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+    destroy_user_data(user_data);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t InternedMetadata::CleanupLinkedMetadata(
+    InternedMetadata::BucketLink* head) {
+  size_t num_freed = 0;
+  InternedMetadata::BucketLink* prev_next = head;
+  InternedMetadata *md, *next;
+
+  for (md = head->next; md; md = next) {
+    next = md->link_.next;
+    if (md->AllRefsDropped()) {
+      prev_next->next = next;
+      delete md;
+      num_freed++;
+    } else {
+      prev_next = &md->link_;
+    }
+  }
+  return num_freed;
+}
+
+typedef struct mdtab_shard {
+  gpr_mu mu;
+  InternedMetadata::BucketLink* elems;
+  size_t count;
+  size_t capacity;
+  /** Estimate of the number of unreferenced mdelems in the hash table.
+      This will eventually converge to the exact number, but it's instantaneous
+      accuracy is not guaranteed */
+  gpr_atm free_estimate;
+} mdtab_shard;
+
+static mdtab_shard g_shards[SHARD_COUNT];
+
+static void gc_mdtab(mdtab_shard* shard);
+
+void grpc_mdctx_global_init(void) {
+  /* initialize shards */
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < SHARD_COUNT; i++) {
+    mdtab_shard* shard = &g_shards[i];
+    gpr_mu_init(&shard->mu);
+    shard->count = 0;
+    gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&shard->free_estimate, 0);
+    shard->capacity = INITIAL_SHARD_CAPACITY;
+    shard->elems = static_cast<InternedMetadata::BucketLink*>(
+        gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*shard->elems) * shard->capacity));
+  }
+}
+
+void grpc_mdctx_global_shutdown() {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < SHARD_COUNT; i++) {
+    mdtab_shard* shard = &g_shards[i];
+    gpr_mu_destroy(&shard->mu);
+    gc_mdtab(shard);
+    if (shard->count != 0) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "WARNING: %" PRIuPTR " metadata elements were leaked",
+              shard->count);
+      if (grpc_iomgr_abort_on_leaks()) {
+        abort();
+      }
+    }
+    // For ASAN builds, we don't want to crash here, because that will
+    // prevent ASAN from providing leak detection information, which is
+    // far more useful than this simple assertion.
+#ifndef GRPC_ASAN_ENABLED
+    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(shard->count == 0);
+#endif
+    gpr_free(shard->elems);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+static int is_mdelem_static(grpc_mdelem e) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(e)) >=
+             &grpc_static_mdelem_table()[0] &&
+         reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(e)) <
+             &grpc_static_mdelem_table()[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT];
+}
+#endif
+
+void InternedMetadata::RefWithShardLocked(mdtab_shard* shard) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  if (grpc_trace_metadata.enabled()) {
+    char* key_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(key());
+    char* value_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value());
+    intptr_t value = RefValue();
+    gpr_log(__FILE__, __LINE__, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
+            "mdelem   REF:%p:%" PRIdPTR "->%" PRIdPTR ": '%s' = '%s'", this,
+            value, value + 1, key_str, value_str);
+    gpr_free(key_str);
+    gpr_free(value_str);
+  }
+#endif
+  if (FirstRef()) {
+    gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&shard->free_estimate, -1);
+  }
+}
+
+static void gc_mdtab(mdtab_shard* shard) {
+  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("gc_mdtab", 0);
+  size_t num_freed = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < shard->capacity; ++i) {
+    intptr_t freed = InternedMetadata::CleanupLinkedMetadata(&shard->elems[i]);
+    num_freed += freed;
+    shard->count -= freed;
+  }
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&shard->free_estimate,
+                               -static_cast<intptr_t>(num_freed));
+}
+
+static void grow_mdtab(mdtab_shard* shard) {
+  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grow_mdtab", 0);
+
+  size_t capacity = shard->capacity * 2;
+  size_t i;
+  InternedMetadata::BucketLink* mdtab;
+  InternedMetadata *md, *next;
+  uint32_t hash;
+
+  mdtab = static_cast<InternedMetadata::BucketLink*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(InternedMetadata::BucketLink) * capacity));
+
+  for (i = 0; i < shard->capacity; i++) {
+    for (md = shard->elems[i].next; md; md = next) {
+      size_t idx;
+      hash = md->hash();
+      next = md->bucket_next();
+      idx = TABLE_IDX(hash, capacity);
+      md->set_bucket_next(mdtab[idx].next);
+      mdtab[idx].next = md;
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_free(shard->elems);
+  shard->elems = mdtab;
+  shard->capacity = capacity;
+}
+
+static void rehash_mdtab(mdtab_shard* shard) {
+  if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&shard->free_estimate) >
+      static_cast<gpr_atm>(shard->capacity / 4)) {
+    gc_mdtab(shard);
+  } else {
+    grow_mdtab(shard);
+  }
+}
+
+template <bool key_definitely_static, bool value_definitely_static = false>
+static grpc_mdelem md_create_maybe_static(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                          const grpc_slice& value);
+template <bool key_definitely_static>
+static grpc_mdelem md_create_must_intern(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                         const grpc_slice& value,
+                                         uint32_t hash);
+
+template <bool key_definitely_static, bool value_definitely_static = false>
+static grpc_mdelem md_create(
+    const grpc_slice& key, const grpc_slice& value,
+    grpc_mdelem_data* compatible_external_backing_store) {
+  // Ensure slices are, in fact, static if we claimed they were.
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!key_definitely_static ||
+                   GRPC_IS_STATIC_METADATA_STRING(key));
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!value_definitely_static ||
+                   GRPC_IS_STATIC_METADATA_STRING(value));
+  const bool key_is_interned =
+      key_definitely_static || grpc_slice_is_interned(key);
+  const bool value_is_interned =
+      value_definitely_static || grpc_slice_is_interned(value);
+  // External storage if either slice is not interned and the caller already
+  // created a backing store. If no backing store, we allocate one.
+  if (!key_is_interned || !value_is_interned) {
+    if (compatible_external_backing_store != nullptr) {
+      // Caller provided backing store.
+      return GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(compatible_external_backing_store,
+                              GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_EXTERNAL);
+    } else {
+      // We allocate backing store.
+      return key_definitely_static
+                 ? GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(
+                       new AllocatedMetadata(
+                           key, value,
+                           static_cast<const AllocatedMetadata::NoRefKey*>(
+                               nullptr)),
+                       GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED)
+                 : GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(new AllocatedMetadata(key, value),
+                                    GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED);
+    }
+  }
+  return md_create_maybe_static<key_definitely_static, value_definitely_static>(
+      key, value);
+}
+
+template <bool key_definitely_static, bool value_definitely_static>
+static grpc_mdelem md_create_maybe_static(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                          const grpc_slice& value) {
+  // Ensure slices are, in fact, static if we claimed they were.
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!key_definitely_static ||
+                   GRPC_IS_STATIC_METADATA_STRING(key));
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!value_definitely_static ||
+                   GRPC_IS_STATIC_METADATA_STRING(value));
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(key.refcount != nullptr);
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(value.refcount != nullptr);
+
+  const bool key_is_static_mdstr =
+      key_definitely_static ||
+      key.refcount->GetType() == grpc_slice_refcount::Type::STATIC;
+  const bool value_is_static_mdstr =
+      value_definitely_static ||
+      value.refcount->GetType() == grpc_slice_refcount::Type::STATIC;
+
+  const intptr_t kidx = GRPC_STATIC_METADATA_INDEX(key);
+
+  // Not all static slice input yields a statically stored metadata element.
+  if (key_is_static_mdstr && value_is_static_mdstr) {
+    grpc_mdelem static_elem = grpc_static_mdelem_for_static_strings(
+        kidx, GRPC_STATIC_METADATA_INDEX(value));
+    if (!GRPC_MDISNULL(static_elem)) {
+      return static_elem;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint32_t khash = key_definitely_static
+                       ? grpc_static_metadata_hash_values[kidx]
+                       : grpc_slice_hash_refcounted(key);
+
+  uint32_t hash = GRPC_MDSTR_KV_HASH(khash, grpc_slice_hash_refcounted(value));
+  return md_create_must_intern<key_definitely_static>(key, value, hash);
+}
+
+template <bool key_definitely_static>
+static grpc_mdelem md_create_must_intern(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                         const grpc_slice& value,
+                                         uint32_t hash) {
+  // Here, we know both key and value are both at least interned, and both
+  // possibly static. We know that anything inside the shared interned table is
+  // also at least interned (and maybe static). Note that equality for a static
+  // and interned slice implies that they are both the same exact slice.
+  // The same applies to a pair of interned slices, or a pair of static slices.
+  // Rather than run the full equality check, we can therefore just do a pointer
+  // comparison of the refcounts.
+  InternedMetadata* md;
+  mdtab_shard* shard = &g_shards[SHARD_IDX(hash)];
+  size_t idx;
+
+  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_mdelem_from_metadata_strings", 0);
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&shard->mu);
+
+  idx = TABLE_IDX(hash, shard->capacity);
+  /* search for an existing pair */
+  for (md = shard->elems[idx].next; md; md = md->bucket_next()) {
+    if (grpc_slice_static_interned_equal(key, md->key()) &&
+        grpc_slice_static_interned_equal(value, md->value())) {
+      md->RefWithShardLocked(shard);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&shard->mu);
+      return GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(md, GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* not found: create a new pair */
+  md = key_definitely_static
+           ? new InternedMetadata(
+                 key, value, hash, shard->elems[idx].next,
+                 static_cast<const InternedMetadata::NoRefKey*>(nullptr))
+           : new InternedMetadata(key, value, hash, shard->elems[idx].next);
+  shard->elems[idx].next = md;
+  shard->count++;
+
+  if (shard->count > shard->capacity * 2) {
+    rehash_mdtab(shard);
+  }
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&shard->mu);
+
+  return GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(md, GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED);
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_create(
+    const grpc_slice& key, const grpc_slice& value,
+    grpc_mdelem_data* compatible_external_backing_store) {
+  return md_create<false>(key, value, compatible_external_backing_store);
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_create(
+    const grpc_core::StaticMetadataSlice& key, const grpc_slice& value,
+    grpc_mdelem_data* compatible_external_backing_store) {
+  return md_create<true>(key, value, compatible_external_backing_store);
+}
+
+/* Create grpc_mdelem from provided slices. We specify via template parameter
+   whether we know that the input key is static or not. If it is, we short
+   circuit various comparisons and a no-op unref. */
+template <bool key_definitely_static>
+static grpc_mdelem md_from_slices(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                  const grpc_slice& value) {
+  // Ensure key is, in fact, static if we claimed it was.
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!key_definitely_static ||
+                   GRPC_IS_STATIC_METADATA_STRING(key));
+  grpc_mdelem out = md_create<key_definitely_static>(key, value, nullptr);
+  if (!key_definitely_static) {
+    grpc_slice_unref_internal(key);
+  }
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(value);
+  return out;
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_slices(const grpc_slice& key,
+                                    const grpc_slice& value) {
+  return md_from_slices</*key_definitely_static=*/false>(key, value);
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_slices(const grpc_core::StaticMetadataSlice& key,
+                                    const grpc_slice& value) {
+  return md_from_slices</*key_definitely_static=*/true>(key, value);
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_slices(
+    const grpc_core::StaticMetadataSlice& key,
+    const grpc_core::StaticMetadataSlice& value) {
+  grpc_mdelem out = md_create_maybe_static<true, true>(key, value);
+  return out;
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_slices(
+    const grpc_core::StaticMetadataSlice& key,
+    const grpc_core::ManagedMemorySlice& value) {
+  // TODO(arjunroy): We can save the unref if md_create_maybe_static ended up
+  // creating a new interned metadata. But otherwise - we need this here.
+  grpc_mdelem out = md_create_maybe_static<true>(key, value);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(value);
+  return out;
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_slices(
+    const grpc_core::ManagedMemorySlice& key,
+    const grpc_core::ManagedMemorySlice& value) {
+  grpc_mdelem out = md_create_maybe_static<false>(key, value);
+  // TODO(arjunroy): We can save the unref if md_create_maybe_static ended up
+  // creating a new interned metadata. But otherwise - we need this here.
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(key);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(value);
+  return out;
+}
+
+grpc_mdelem grpc_mdelem_from_grpc_metadata(grpc_metadata* metadata) {
+  bool changed = false;
+  grpc_slice key_slice =
+      grpc_slice_maybe_static_intern(metadata->key, &changed);
+  grpc_slice value_slice =
+      grpc_slice_maybe_static_intern(metadata->value, &changed);
+  return grpc_mdelem_create(
+      key_slice, value_slice,
+      changed ? nullptr : reinterpret_cast<grpc_mdelem_data*>(metadata));
+}
+
+static void* get_user_data(UserData* user_data, void (*destroy_func)(void*)) {
+  if (user_data->destroy_user_data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::ACQUIRE) ==
+      destroy_func) {
+    return user_data->data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+void* grpc_mdelem_get_user_data(grpc_mdelem md, void (*destroy_func)(void*)) {
+  switch (GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(md)) {
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_EXTERNAL:
+      return nullptr;
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC:
+      return reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+          grpc_static_mdelem_user_data
+              [reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(
+                   GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md)) -
+               grpc_static_mdelem_table()]);
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED: {
+      auto* am = reinterpret_cast<AllocatedMetadata*>(GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md));
+      return get_user_data(am->user_data(), destroy_func);
+    }
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED: {
+      auto* im = reinterpret_cast<InternedMetadata*> GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md);
+      return get_user_data(im->user_data(), destroy_func);
+    }
+  }
+  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return nullptr);
+}
+
+static void* set_user_data(UserData* ud, void (*destroy_func)(void*),
+                           void* data) {
+  GPR_ASSERT((data == nullptr) == (destroy_func == nullptr));
+  grpc_core::ReleasableMutexLock lock(&ud->mu_user_data);
+  if (ud->destroy_user_data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED)) {
+    /* user data can only be set once */
+    lock.Unlock();
+    if (destroy_func != nullptr) {
+      destroy_func(data);
+    }
+    return ud->data.Load(grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  }
+  ud->data.Store(data, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELAXED);
+  ud->destroy_user_data.Store(destroy_func, grpc_core::MemoryOrder::RELEASE);
+  return data;
+}
+
+void* grpc_mdelem_set_user_data(grpc_mdelem md, void (*destroy_func)(void*),
+                                void* data) {
+  switch (GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(md)) {
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_EXTERNAL:
+      destroy_func(data);
+      return nullptr;
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC:
+      destroy_func(data);
+      return reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+          grpc_static_mdelem_user_data
+              [reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(
+                   GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md)) -
+               grpc_static_mdelem_table()]);
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED: {
+      auto* am = reinterpret_cast<AllocatedMetadata*>(GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md));
+      return set_user_data(am->user_data(), destroy_func, data);
+    }
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED: {
+      auto* im = reinterpret_cast<InternedMetadata*> GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md);
+      GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!is_mdelem_static(md));
+      return set_user_data(im->user_data(), destroy_func, data);
+    }
+  }
+  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return nullptr);
+}
+
+bool grpc_mdelem_eq(grpc_mdelem a, grpc_mdelem b) {
+  if (a.payload == b.payload) return true;
+  if (GRPC_MDELEM_IS_INTERNED(a) && GRPC_MDELEM_IS_INTERNED(b)) return false;
+  if (GRPC_MDISNULL(a) || GRPC_MDISNULL(b)) return false;
+  return grpc_slice_eq(GRPC_MDKEY(a), GRPC_MDKEY(b)) &&
+         grpc_slice_eq(GRPC_MDVALUE(a), GRPC_MDVALUE(b));
+}
+
+static void note_disposed_interned_metadata(uint32_t hash) {
+  mdtab_shard* shard = &g_shards[SHARD_IDX(hash)];
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&shard->free_estimate, 1);
+}
+
+void grpc_mdelem_do_unref(grpc_mdelem gmd DEBUG_ARGS) {
+  switch (GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(gmd)) {
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_EXTERNAL:
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC:
+      return;
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED: {
+      auto* md = reinterpret_cast<InternedMetadata*> GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(gmd);
+      uint32_t hash = md->hash();
+      if (GPR_UNLIKELY(md->Unref(FWD_DEBUG_ARGS))) {
+        /* once the refcount hits zero, some other thread can come along and
+           free md at any time: it's unsafe from this point on to access it */
+        note_disposed_interned_metadata(hash);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED: {
+      auto* md = reinterpret_cast<AllocatedMetadata*> GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(gmd);
+      if (GPR_UNLIKELY(md->Unref(FWD_DEBUG_ARGS))) {
+        delete md;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void grpc_mdelem_on_final_unref(grpc_mdelem_data_storage storage, void* ptr,
+                                uint32_t hash DEBUG_ARGS) {
+  switch (storage) {
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_EXTERNAL:
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC:
+      return;
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED: {
+      note_disposed_interned_metadata(hash);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_ALLOCATED: {
+      delete reinterpret_cast<AllocatedMetadata*>(ptr);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}