enum_state_machine 0.0.1 → 0.0.2

data/lib/enum_state_machine/integrations/active_record/locale.rb

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-filename = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../active_model/locale.rb"
-translations = eval(IO.read(File.expand_path(filename)), binding, filename)
-translations[:en][:activerecord] = translations[:en].delete(:activemodel)
-
-# Only ActiveRecord 2.3.5+ can pull i18n >= 0.1.3 from system-wide gems (and
-# therefore possibly have I18n::VERSION available)
-begin
-  require 'i18n/version'
-rescue Exception => ex
-end unless ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && (::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR < 3 || ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::TINY < 5)
-
-# Only i18n 0.4.0+ has the new %{key} syntax
-if !defined?(I18n::VERSION) || I18n::VERSION < '0.4.0'
-  translations[:en][:activerecord][:errors][:messages].each do |key, message|
-    message.gsub!('%{', '{{')
-    message.gsub!('}', '}}')
-  end
-end
-
-translations

data/lib/enum_state_machine/integrations/active_record/versions.rb

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-module EnumStateMachine
-  module Integrations #:nodoc:
-    module ActiveRecord
-      version '2.x - 3.0.x' do
-        def self.active?
-          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 || ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 3 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR == 0
-        end
-        
-        def define_static_state_initializer
-          define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-            def attributes_from_column_definition(*)
-              result = super
-              self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self, :static => :force, :dynamic => false, :to => result)
-              result
-            end
-          end_eval
-        end
-      end
-      
-      version '2.x' do
-        def self.active?
-          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2
-        end
-        
-        def load_locale
-          super if defined?(I18n)
-        end
-        
-        def create_scope(name, scope)
-          if owner_class.respond_to?(:named_scope)
-            name = name.to_sym
-            machine_name = self.name
-            
-            # Since ActiveRecord does not allow direct access to the model
-            # being used within the evaluation of a dynamic named scope, the
-            # scope must be generated manually.  It's necessary to have access
-            # to the model so that the state names can be translated to their
-            # associated values and so that inheritance is respected properly.
-            owner_class.named_scope(name)
-            owner_class.scopes[name] = lambda do |model, *states|
-              machine_states = model.state_machine(machine_name).states
-              values = states.flatten.map {|state| machine_states.fetch(state).value}
-              
-              ::ActiveRecord::NamedScope::Scope.new(model, :conditions => scope.call(values))
-            end
-          end
-          
-          # Prevent the Machine class from wrapping the scope
-          false
-        end
-        
-        def invalidate(object, attribute, message, values = [])
-          if defined?(I18n)
-            super
-          else
-            object.errors.add(self.attribute(attribute), generate_message(message, values))
-          end
-        end
-        
-        def translate(klass, key, value)
-          if defined?(I18n)
-            super
-          else
-            value ? value.to_s.humanize.downcase : 'nil'
-          end
-        end
-        
-        def supports_observers?
-          true
-        end
-        
-        def supports_validations?
-          true
-        end
-        
-        def supports_mass_assignment_security?
-          true
-        end
-        
-        def i18n_scope(klass)
-          :activerecord
-        end
-        
-        def load_observer_extensions
-          super
-          ::ActiveRecord::Observer.class_eval do
-            include EnumStateMachine::Integrations::ActiveModel::Observer
-          end unless ::ActiveRecord::Observer < EnumStateMachine::Integrations::ActiveModel::Observer
-        end
-      end
-      
-      version '2.0 - 2.2.x' do
-        def self.active?
-          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR < 3
-        end
-        
-        def default_error_message_options(object, attribute, message)
-          {:default => @messages[message]}
-        end
-      end
-      
-      version '2.0 - 2.3.1' do
-        def self.active?
-          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && (::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR < 3 || ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::TINY < 2)
-        end
-        
-        def ancestors_for(klass)
-          klass.self_and_descendents_from_active_record
-        end
-      end
-      
-      version '2.3.2 - 2.3.x' do
-        def self.active?
-          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR == 3 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::TINY >= 2
-        end
-        
-        def ancestors_for(klass)
-          klass.self_and_descendants_from_active_record
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/lib/enum_state_machine/integrations/base.rb

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-module EnumStateMachine
-  module Integrations
-    # Provides a set of base helpers for managing individual integrations
-    module Base
-      module ClassMethods
-        # The default options to use for state machines using this integration
-        attr_reader :defaults
-        
-        # The name of the integration
-        def integration_name
-          @integration_name ||= begin
-            name = self.name.split('::').last
-            name.gsub!(/([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])/,'\1_\2')
-            name.gsub!(/([a-z\d])([A-Z])/,'\1_\2')
-            name.downcase!
-            name.to_sym
-          end
-        end
-        
-        # Whether this integration is available for the current library.  This
-        # is only true if the ORM that the integration is for is currently
-        # defined.
-        def available?
-          matching_ancestors.any? && Object.const_defined?(matching_ancestors[0].split('::')[0])
-        end
-        
-        # The list of ancestor names that cause this integration to matched.
-        def matching_ancestors
-          []
-        end
-        
-        # Whether the integration should be used for the given class.
-        def matches?(klass)
-          matches_ancestors?(klass.ancestors.map {|ancestor| ancestor.name})
-        end
-        
-        # Whether the integration should be used for the given list of ancestors.
-        def matches_ancestors?(ancestors)
-          (ancestors & matching_ancestors).any?
-        end
-        
-        # Tracks the various version overrides for an integration
-        def versions
-          @versions ||= []
-        end
-        
-        # Creates a new version override for an integration.  When this
-        # integration is activated, each version that is marked as active will
-        # also extend the integration.
-        # 
-        # == Example
-        # 
-        #   module EnumStateMachine
-        #     module Integrations
-        #       module ORMLibrary
-        #         version '0.2.x - 0.3.x' do
-        #           def self.active?
-        #             ::ORMLibrary::VERSION >= '0.2.0' && ::ORMLibrary::VERSION < '0.4.0'
-        #           end
-        #           
-        #           def invalidate(object, attribute, message, values = [])
-        #             # Override here...
-        #           end
-        #         end
-        #       end
-        #     end
-        #   end
-        # 
-        # In the above example, a version override is defined for the ORMLibrary
-        # integration when the version is between 0.2.x and 0.3.x.
-        def version(name, &block)
-          versions << mod = Module.new(&block)
-          mod
-        end
-        
-        # The path to the locale file containing translations for this
-        # integration.  This file will only exist for integrations that actually
-        # support i18n.
-        def locale_path
-          path = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/#{integration_name}/locale.rb"
-          path if File.exists?(path)
-        end
-        
-        # Extends the given object with any version overrides that are currently
-        # active
-        def extended(base)
-          versions.each do |version|
-             base.extend(version) if version.active?
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      extend ClassMethods
-      
-      def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-        base.class_eval { extend ClassMethods }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/lib/enum_state_machine/machine.rb

@@ -1,2292 +0,0 @@
-require 'enum_state_machine/extensions'
-require 'enum_state_machine/assertions'
-require 'enum_state_machine/integrations'
-
-require 'enum_state_machine/helper_module'
-require 'enum_state_machine/state'
-require 'enum_state_machine/event'
-require 'enum_state_machine/callback'
-require 'enum_state_machine/node_collection'
-require 'enum_state_machine/state_collection'
-require 'enum_state_machine/event_collection'
-require 'enum_state_machine/path_collection'
-require 'enum_state_machine/matcher_helpers'
-
-module EnumStateMachine
-  # Represents a state machine for a particular attribute.  State machines
-  # consist of states, events and a set of transitions that define how the
-  # state changes after a particular event is fired.
-  # 
-  # A state machine will not know all of the possible states for an object
-  # unless they are referenced *somewhere* in the state machine definition.
-  # As a result, any unused states should be defined with the +other_states+
-  # or +state+ helper.
-  # 
-  # == Actions
-  # 
-  # When an action is configured for a state machine, it is invoked when an
-  # object transitions via an event.  The success of the event becomes
-  # dependent on the success of the action.  If the action is successful, then
-  # the transitioned state remains persisted.  However, if the action fails
-  # (by returning false), the transitioned state will be rolled back.
-  # 
-  # For example,
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     attr_accessor :fail, :saving_state
-  #     
-  #     state_machine :initial => :parked, :action => :save do
-  #       event :ignite do
-  #         transition :parked => :idling
-  #       end
-  #       
-  #       event :park do
-  #         transition :idling => :parked
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def save
-  #       @saving_state = state
-  #       fail != true
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new     # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
-  #   vehicle.save              # => true
-  #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "parked" # The state was "parked" was save was called
-  #   
-  #   # Successful event
-  #   vehicle.ignite            # => true
-  #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "idling" # The state was "idling" when save was called
-  #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
-  #   
-  #   # Failed event
-  #   vehicle.fail = true
-  #   vehicle.park              # => false
-  #   vehicle.saving_state      # => "parked"
-  #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
-  # 
-  # As shown, even though the state is set prior to calling the +save+ action
-  # on the object, it will be rolled back to the original state if the action
-  # fails.  *Note* that this will also be the case if an exception is raised
-  # while calling the action.
-  # 
-  # === Indirect transitions
-  # 
-  # In addition to the action being run as the _result_ of an event, the action
-  # can also be used to run events itself.  For example, using the above as an
-  # example:
-  # 
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new           # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
-  #   
-  #   vehicle.state_event = 'ignite'
-  #   vehicle.save                    # => true
-  #   vehicle.state                   # => "idling"
-  #   vehicle.state_event             # => nil
-  # 
-  # As can be seen, the +save+ action automatically invokes the event stored in
-  # the +state_event+ attribute (<tt>:ignite</tt> in this case).
-  # 
-  # One important note about using this technique for running transitions is
-  # that if the class in which the state machine is defined *also* defines the
-  # action being invoked (and not a superclass), then it must manually run the
-  # EnumStateMachine hook that checks for event attributes.
-  # 
-  # For example, in ActiveRecord
-  # the default action (+save+) is already defined in a base class.  As a result,
-  # when a state machine is defined in a model / resource, EnumStateMachine can
-  # automatically hook into the +save+ action.
-  # 
-  # On the other hand, the Vehicle class from above defined its own +save+
-  # method (and there is no +save+ method in its superclass).  As a result, it
-  # must be modified like so:
-  # 
-  #     def save
-  #       self.class.state_machines.transitions(self, :save).perform do
-  #         @saving_state = state
-  #         fail != true
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  # 
-  # This will add in the functionality for firing the event stored in the
-  # +state_event+ attribute.
-  # 
-  # == Callbacks
-  # 
-  # Callbacks are supported for hooking before and after every possible
-  # transition in the machine.  Each callback is invoked in the order in which
-  # it was defined.  See EnumStateMachine::Machine#before_transition and
-  # EnumStateMachine::Machine#after_transition for documentation on how to define
-  # new callbacks.
-  # 
-  # *Note* that callbacks only get executed within the context of an event.  As
-  # a result, if a class has an initial state when it's created, any callbacks
-  # that would normally get executed when the object enters that state will
-  # *not* get triggered.
-  # 
-  # For example,
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-  #       after_transition all => :parked do
-  #         raise ArgumentError
-  #       end
-  #       ...
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle id: 1, state: "parked">
-  #   vehicle.save            # => true (no exception raised)
-  # 
-  # If you need callbacks to get triggered when an object is created, this
-  # should be done by one of the following techniques:
-  # * Use a <tt>before :create</tt> or equivalent hook:
-  # 
-  #     class Vehicle
-  #       before :create, :track_initial_transition
-  #       
-  #       state_machine do
-  #         ...
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  # 
-  # * Set an initial state and use the correct event to create the
-  #   object with the proper state, resulting in callbacks being triggered and
-  #   the object getting persisted (note that the <tt>:pending</tt> state is
-  #   actually stored as nil):
-  # 
-  #     class Vehicle
-  #        state_machine :initial => :pending
-  #         after_transition :pending => :parked, :do => :track_initial_transition
-  #         
-  #         event :park do
-  #           transition :pending => :parked
-  #         end
-  #         
-  #         state :pending, :value => nil
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     vehicle = Vehicle.new
-  #     vehicle.park
-  # 
-  # * Use a default event attribute that will automatically trigger when the
-  #   configured action gets run (note that the <tt>:pending</tt> state is
-  #   actually stored as nil):
-  # 
-  #     class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
-  #       state_machine :initial => :pending
-  #         after_transition :pending => :parked, :do => :track_initial_transition
-  #         
-  #         event :park do
-  #           transition :pending => :parked
-  #         end
-  #         
-  #         state :pending, :value => nil
-  #       end
-  #       
-  #       def initialize(*)
-  #         super
-  #         self.state_event = 'park'
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     vehicle = Vehicle.new
-  #     vehicle.save
-  # 
-  # === Canceling callbacks
-  # 
-  # Callbacks can be canceled by throwing :halt at any point during the
-  # callback.  For example,
-  # 
-  #   ...
-  #   throw :halt
-  #   ...
-  # 
-  # If a +before+ callback halts the chain, the associated transition and all
-  # later callbacks are canceled.  If an +after+ callback halts the chain,
-  # the later callbacks are canceled, but the transition is still successful.
-  # 
-  # These same rules apply to +around+ callbacks with the exception that any
-  # +around+ callback that doesn't yield will essentially result in :halt being
-  # thrown.  Any code executed after the yield will behave in the same way as
-  # +after+ callbacks.
-  # 
-  # *Note* that if a +before+ callback fails and the bang version of an event
-  # was invoked, an exception will be raised instead of returning false.  For
-  # example,
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-  #       before_transition any => :idling, :do => lambda {|vehicle| throw :halt}
-  #       ...
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-  #   vehicle.park        # => false
-  #   vehicle.park!       # => EnumStateMachine::InvalidTransition: Cannot transition state via :park from "idling"
-  # 
-  # == Observers
-  # 
-  # Observers, in the sense of external classes and *not* Ruby's Observable
-  # mechanism, can hook into state machines as well.  Such observers use the
-  # same callback api that's used internally.
-  # 
-  # Below are examples of defining observers for the following state machine:
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine do
-  #       event :park do
-  #         transition :idling => :parked
-  #       end
-  #       ...
-  #     end
-  #     ...
-  #   end
-  # 
-  # Event/Transition behaviors:
-  # 
-  #   class VehicleObserver
-  #     def self.before_park(vehicle, transition)
-  #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to park... state is: #{transition.from}, state will be: #{transition.to}"
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def self.after_park(vehicle, transition, result)
-  #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to park... state was: #{transition.from}, state is: #{transition.to}"
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def self.before_transition(vehicle, transition)
-  #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to #{transition.event}... #{transition.attribute} is: #{transition.from}, #{transition.attribute} will be: #{transition.to}"
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def self.after_transition(vehicle, transition)
-  #       logger.info "#{vehicle} instructed to #{transition.event}... #{transition.attribute} was: #{transition.from}, #{transition.attribute} is: #{transition.to}"
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def self.around_transition(vehicle, transition)
-  #       logger.info Benchmark.measure { yield }
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   Vehicle.state_machine do
-  #     before_transition :on => :park, :do => VehicleObserver.method(:before_park)
-  #     before_transition VehicleObserver.method(:before_transition)
-  #     
-  #     after_transition :on => :park, :do => VehicleObserver.method(:after_park)
-  #     after_transition VehicleObserver.method(:after_transition)
-  #     
-  #     around_transition VehicleObserver.method(:around_transition)
-  #   end
-  # 
-  # One common callback is to record transitions for all models in the system
-  # for auditing/debugging purposes.  Below is an example of an observer that
-  # can easily automate this process for all models:
-  # 
-  #   class EnumStateMachineObserver
-  #     def self.before_transition(object, transition)
-  #       Audit.log_transition(object.attributes)
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   [Vehicle, Switch, Project].each do |klass|
-  #     klass.state_machines.each do |attribute, machine|
-  #       machine.before_transition EnumStateMachineObserver.method(:before_transition)
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  # 
-  # Additional observer-like behavior may be exposed by the various integrations
-  # available.  See below for more information on integrations.
-  # 
-  # == Overriding instance / class methods
-  # 
-  # Hooking in behavior to the generated instance / class methods from the
-  # state machine, events, and states is very simple because of the way these
-  # methods are generated on the class.  Using the class's ancestors, the
-  # original generated method can be referred to via +super+.  For example,
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine do
-  #       event :park do
-  #         ...
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #     
-  #     def park(*args)
-  #       logger.info "..."
-  #       super
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  # 
-  # In the above example, the +park+ instance method that's generated on the
-  # Vehicle class (by the associated event) is overridden with custom behavior.
-  # Once this behavior is complete, the original method from the state machine
-  # is invoked by simply calling +super+.
-  # 
-  # The same technique can be used for +state+, +state_name+, and all other
-  # instance *and* class methods on the Vehicle class.
-  #
-  # == Method conflicts
-  # 
-  # By default state_machine does not redefine methods that exist on
-  # superclasses (*including* Object) or any modules (*including* Kernel) that
-  # were included before it was defined.  This is in order to ensure that
-  # existing behavior on the class is not broken by the inclusion of
-  # state_machine.
-  # 
-  # If a conflicting method is detected, state_machine will generate a warning.
-  # For example, consider the following class:
-  # 
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine do
-  #       event :open do
-  #         ...
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  # 
-  # In the above class, an event named "open" is defined for its state machine.
-  # However, "open" is already defined as an instance method in Ruby's Kernel
-  # module that gets included in every Object.  As a result, state_machine will
-  # generate the following warning:
-  # 
-  #   Instance method "open" is already defined in Object, use generic helper instead or set EnumStateMachine::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true.
-  # 
-  # Even though you may not be using Kernel's implementation of the "open"
-  # instance method, state_machine isn't aware of this and, as a result, stays
-  # safe and just skips redefining the method.
-  # 
-  # As with almost all helpers methods defined by state_machine in your class,
-  # there are generic methods available for working around this method conflict.
-  # In the example above, you can invoke the "open" event like so:
-  # 
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new       # => #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
-  #   vehicle.fire_events(:open)  # => true
-  #   
-  #   # This will not work
-  #   vehicle.open                # => NoMethodError: private method `open' called for #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
-  # 
-  # If you want to take on the risk of overriding existing methods and just
-  # ignore method conflicts altogether, you can do so by setting the following
-  # configuration:
-  # 
-  #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true
-  # 
-  # This will allow you to define events like "open" as described above and
-  # still generate the "open" instance helper method.  For example:
-  # 
-  #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true
-  #   
-  #   class Vehicle
-  #     state_machine do
-  #       event :open do
-  #         ...
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #   
-  #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle:0xb72686b4 @state=nil>
-  #   vehicle.open            # => true
-  # 
-  # By default, state_machine helps prevent you from making mistakes and
-  # accidentally overriding methods that you didn't intend to.  Once you
-  # understand this and what the consequences are, setting the
-  # +ignore_method_conflicts+ option is a perfectly reasonable workaround.
-  # 
-  # == Integrations
-  # 
-  # By default, state machines are library-agnostic, meaning that they work
-  # on any Ruby class and have no external dependencies.  However, there are
-  # certain libraries which expose additional behavior that can be taken
-  # advantage of by state machines.
-  # 
-  # This library is built to work out of the box with a few popular Ruby
-  # libraries that allow for additional behavior to provide a cleaner and
-  # smoother experience.  This is especially the case for objects backed by a
-  # database that may allow for transactions, persistent storage,
-  # search/filters, callbacks, etc.
-  # 
-  # When a state machine is defined for classes using any of the above libraries,
-  # it will try to automatically determine the integration to use (Agnostic,
-  # ActiveModel, ActiveRecord)
-  # based on the class definition.  To see how each integration affects the
-  # machine's behavior, refer to all constants defined under the
-  # EnumStateMachine::Integrations namespace.
-  class Machine
-    include Assertions
-    include EvalHelpers
-    include MatcherHelpers
-    
-    class << self
-      # Attempts to find or create a state machine for the given class.  For
-      # example,
-      # 
-      #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle)
-      #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :initial => :parked)
-      #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :status)
-      #   EnumStateMachine::Machine.find_or_create(Vehicle, :status, :initial => :parked)
-      # 
-      # If a machine of the given name already exists in one of the class's
-      # superclasses, then a copy of that machine will be created and stored
-      # in the new owner class (the original will remain unchanged).
-      def find_or_create(owner_class, *args, &block)
-        options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-        name = args.first || :state
-        
-        # Find an existing machine
-        if owner_class.respond_to?(:state_machines) && machine = owner_class.state_machines[name]
-          # Only create a new copy if changes are being made to the machine in
-          # a subclass
-          if machine.owner_class != owner_class && (options.any? || block_given?)
-            machine = machine.clone
-            machine.initial_state = options[:initial] if options.include?(:initial)
-            machine.owner_class = owner_class
-          end
-          
-          # Evaluate DSL
-          machine.instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
-        else
-          # No existing machine: create a new one
-          machine = new(owner_class, name, options, &block)
-        end
-        
-        machine
-      end
-      
-      # Draws the state machines defined in the given classes using GraphViz.
-      # The given classes must be a comma-delimited string of class names.
-      # 
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>:file</tt> - A comma-delimited string of files to load that
-      #   contain the state machine definitions to draw
-      # * <tt>:path</tt> - The path to write the graph file to
-      # * <tt>:format</tt> - The image format to generate the graph in
-      # * <tt>:font</tt> - The name of the font to draw state names in
-      def draw(class_names, options = {})
-        raise ArgumentError, 'At least one class must be specified' unless class_names && class_names.split(',').any?
-        
-        # Load any files
-        if files = options.delete(:file)
-          files.split(',').each {|file| require file}
-        end
-        
-        class_names.split(',').each do |class_name|
-          # Navigate through the namespace structure to get to the class
-          klass = Object
-          class_name.split('::').each do |name|
-            klass = klass.const_defined?(name) ? klass.const_get(name) : klass.const_missing(name)
-          end
-          
-          # Draw each of the class's state machines
-          klass.state_machines.each_value do |machine|
-            machine.draw(options)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Default messages to use for validation errors in ORM integrations
-    class << self; attr_accessor :default_messages; end
-    @default_messages = {
-      :invalid => 'is invalid',
-      :invalid_event => 'cannot transition when %s',
-      :invalid_transition => 'cannot transition via "%1$s"'
-    }
-    
-    # Whether to ignore any conflicts that are detected for helper methods that
-    # get generated for a machine's owner class.  Default is false.
-    class << self; attr_accessor :ignore_method_conflicts; end
-    @ignore_method_conflicts = false
-    
-    # The class that the machine is defined in
-    attr_reader :owner_class
-    
-    # The name of the machine, used for scoping methods generated for the
-    # machine as a whole (not states or events)
-    attr_reader :name
-    
-    # The events that trigger transitions.  These are sorted, by default, in
-    # the order in which they were defined.
-    attr_reader :events
-    
-    # A list of all of the states known to this state machine.  This will pull
-    # states from the following sources:
-    # * Initial state
-    # * State behaviors
-    # * Event transitions (:to, :from, and :except_from options)
-    # * Transition callbacks (:to, :from, :except_to, and :except_from options)
-    # * Unreferenced states (using +other_states+ helper)
-    # 
-    # These are sorted, by default, in the order in which they were referenced.
-    attr_reader :states
-    
-    # The callbacks to invoke before/after a transition is performed
-    # 
-    # Maps :before => callbacks and :after => callbacks
-    attr_reader :callbacks
-    
-    # The action to invoke when an object transitions
-    attr_reader :action
-    
-    # An identifier that forces all methods (including state predicates and
-    # event methods) to be generated with the value prefixed or suffixed,
-    # depending on the context.
-    attr_reader :namespace
-    
-    # Whether the machine will use transactions when firing events
-    attr_reader :use_transactions
-    
-    # Creates a new state machine for the given attribute
-    def initialize(owner_class, *args, &block)
-      options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-      assert_valid_keys(options, :attribute, :initial, :initialize, :action, :plural, :namespace, :integration, :messages, :use_transactions)
-      
-      # Find an integration that matches this machine's owner class
-      if options.include?(:integration)
-        @integration = options[:integration] && EnumStateMachine::Integrations.find_by_name(options[:integration])
-      else
-        @integration = EnumStateMachine::Integrations.match(owner_class)
-      end
-      
-      if @integration
-        extend @integration
-        options = (@integration.defaults || {}).merge(options)
-      end
-      
-      # Add machine-wide defaults
-      options = {:use_transactions => true, :initialize => true}.merge(options)
-      
-      # Set machine configuration
-      @name = args.first || :state
-      @attribute = options[:attribute] || @name
-      @events = EventCollection.new(self)
-      @states = StateCollection.new(self)
-      @callbacks = {:before => [], :after => [], :failure => []}
-      @namespace = options[:namespace]
-      @messages = options[:messages] || {}
-      @action = options[:action]
-      @use_transactions = options[:use_transactions]
-      @initialize_state = options[:initialize]
-      @action_hook_defined = false
-      self.owner_class = owner_class
-      self.initial_state = options[:initial] unless sibling_machines.any?
-      
-      # Merge with sibling machine configurations
-      add_sibling_machine_configs
-      
-      # Define class integration
-      define_helpers
-      define_scopes(options[:plural])
-      after_initialize
-      
-      # Evaluate DSL
-      instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
-    end
-    
-    # Creates a copy of this machine in addition to copies of each associated
-    # event/states/callback, so that the modifications to those collections do
-    # not affect the original machine.
-    def initialize_copy(orig) #:nodoc:
-      super
-      
-      @events = @events.dup
-      @events.machine = self
-      @states = @states.dup
-      @states.machine = self
-      @callbacks = {:before => @callbacks[:before].dup, :after => @callbacks[:after].dup, :failure => @callbacks[:failure].dup}
-    end
-    
-    # Sets the class which is the owner of this state machine.  Any methods
-    # generated by states, events, or other parts of the machine will be defined
-    # on the given owner class.
-    def owner_class=(klass)
-      @owner_class = klass
-      
-      # Create modules for extending the class with state/event-specific methods
-      @helper_modules = helper_modules = {:instance => HelperModule.new(self, :instance), :class => HelperModule.new(self, :class)}
-      owner_class.class_eval do
-        extend helper_modules[:class]
-        include helper_modules[:instance]
-      end
-      
-      # Add class-/instance-level methods to the owner class for state initialization
-      unless owner_class < EnumStateMachine::InstanceMethods
-        owner_class.class_eval do
-          extend EnumStateMachine::ClassMethods
-          include EnumStateMachine::InstanceMethods
-        end
-        
-        define_state_initializer if @initialize_state
-      end
-      
-      # Record this machine as matched to the name in the current owner class.
-      # This will override any machines mapped to the same name in any superclasses.
-      owner_class.state_machines[name] = self
-    end
-    
-    # Sets the initial state of the machine.  This can be either the static name
-    # of a state or a lambda block which determines the initial state at
-    # creation time.
-    def initial_state=(new_initial_state)
-      @initial_state = new_initial_state
-      add_states([@initial_state]) unless dynamic_initial_state?
-      
-      # Update all states to reflect the new initial state
-      states.each {|state| state.initial = (state.name == @initial_state)}
-      
-      # Output a warning if there are conflicting initial states for the machine's
-      # attribute
-      initial_state = states.detect {|state| state.initial}
-      if !owner_class_attribute_default.nil? && (dynamic_initial_state? || !owner_class_attribute_default_matches?(initial_state))
-        warn(
-          "Both #{owner_class.name} and its #{name.inspect} machine have defined "\
-          "a different default for \"#{attribute}\". Use only one or the other for "\
-          "defining defaults to avoid unexpected behaviors."
-        )
-      end
-    end
-      
-    # Gets the initial state of the machine for the given object. If a dynamic
-    # initial state was configured for this machine, then the object will be
-    # passed into the lambda block to help determine the actual state.
-    # 
-    # == Examples
-    # 
-    # With a static initial state:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<EnumStateMachine::State name=:parked value="parked" initial=true>
-    # 
-    # With a dynamic initial state:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     attr_accessor :force_idle
-    #     
-    #     state_machine :initial => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.force_idle ? :idling : :parked} do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   
-    #   vehicle.force_idle = true
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<EnumStateMachine::State name=:idling value="idling" initial=false>
-    #   
-    #   vehicle.force_idle = false
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.initial_state(vehicle)  # => #<EnumStateMachine::State name=:parked value="parked" initial=false>
-    def initial_state(object)
-      states.fetch(dynamic_initial_state? ? evaluate_method(object, @initial_state) : @initial_state) if instance_variable_defined?('@initial_state')
-    end
-    
-    # Whether a dynamic initial state is being used in the machine
-    def dynamic_initial_state?
-      instance_variable_defined?('@initial_state') && @initial_state.is_a?(Proc)
-    end
-    
-    # Initializes the state on the given object.  Initial values are only set if
-    # the machine's attribute hasn't been previously initialized.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:force</tt> - Whether to initialize the state regardless of its
-    #   current value
-    # * <tt>:to</tt> - A hash to set the initial value in instead of writing
-    #   directly to the object
-    def initialize_state(object, options = {})
-      state = initial_state(object)
-      if state && (options[:force] || initialize_state?(object))
-        value = state.value
-        
-        if hash = options[:to]
-          hash[attribute.to_s] = value
-        else
-          write(object, :state, value)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Gets the actual name of the attribute on the machine's owner class that
-    # stores data with the given name.
-    def attribute(name = :state)
-      name == :state ? @attribute : :"#{self.name}_#{name}"
-    end
-    
-    # Defines a new helper method in an instance or class scope with the given
-    # name.  If the method is already defined in the scope, then this will not
-    # override it.
-    # 
-    # If passing in a block, there are two side effects to be aware of
-    # 1. The method cannot be chained, meaning that the block cannot call +super+
-    # 2. If the method is already defined in an ancestor, then it will not get
-    #    overridden and a warning will be output.
-    # 
-    # Example:
-    # 
-    #   # Instance helper
-    #   machine.define_helper(:instance, :state_name) do |machine, object|
-    #     machine.states.match(object).name
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   # Class helper
-    #   machine.define_helper(:class, :state_machine_name) do |machine, klass|
-    #     "State"
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # You can also define helpers using string evaluation like so:
-    # 
-    #   # Instance helper
-    #   machine.define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-    #     def state_name
-    #       self.class.state_machine(:state).states.match(self).name
-    #     end
-    #   end_eval
-    #   
-    #   # Class helper
-    #   machine.define_helper :class, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-    #     def state_machine_name
-    #       "State"
-    #     end
-    #   end_eval
-    def define_helper(scope, method, *args, &block)
-      helper_module = @helper_modules.fetch(scope)
-      
-      if block_given?
-        if !self.class.ignore_method_conflicts && conflicting_ancestor = owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method)
-          ancestor_name = conflicting_ancestor.name && !conflicting_ancestor.name.empty? ? conflicting_ancestor.name : conflicting_ancestor.to_s
-          warn "#{scope == :class ? 'Class' : 'Instance'} method \"#{method}\" is already defined in #{ancestor_name}, use generic helper instead or set EnumStateMachine::Machine.ignore_method_conflicts = true."
-        else
-          name = self.name
-          helper_module.class_eval do
-            define_method(method) do |*block_args|
-              block.call((scope == :instance ? self.class : self).state_machine(name), self, *block_args)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      else
-        helper_module.class_eval(method, *args)
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Customizes the definition of one or more states in the machine.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:value</tt> - The actual value to store when an object transitions
-    #   to the state.  Default is the name (stringified).
-    # * <tt>:cache</tt> - If a dynamic value (via a lambda block) is being used,
-    #   then setting this to true will cache the evaluated result
-    # * <tt>:if</tt> - Determines whether an object's value matches the state
-    #   (e.g. :value => lambda {Time.now}, :if => lambda {|state| !state.nil?}).
-    #   By default, the configured value is matched.
-    # * <tt>:human_name</tt> - The human-readable version of this state's name.
-    #   By default, this is either defined by the integration or stringifies the
-    #   name and converts underscores to spaces.
-    # 
-    # == Customizing the stored value
-    # 
-    # Whenever a state is automatically discovered in the state machine, its
-    # default value is assumed to be the stringified version of the name.  For
-    # example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above state machine, there are two states automatically discovered:
-    # :parked and :idling.  These states, by default, will store their stringified
-    # equivalents when an object moves into that state (e.g. "parked" / "idling").
-    # 
-    # For legacy systems or when tying state machines into existing frameworks,
-    # it's oftentimes necessary to need to store a different value for a state
-    # than the default.  In order to continue taking advantage of an expressive
-    # state machine and helper methods, every defined state can be re-configured
-    # with a custom stored value.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       state :idling, :value => 'IDLING'
-    #       state :parked, :value => 'PARKED
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # This is also useful if being used in association with a database and,
-    # instead of storing the state name in a column, you want to store the
-    # state's foreign key:
-    # 
-    #   class VehicleState < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     state_machine :attribute => :state_id, :initial => :parked do
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       states.each do |state|
-    #         self.state(state.name, :value => lambda { VehicleState.find_by_name(state.name.to_s).id }, :cache => true)
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above example, each known state is configured to store it's
-    # associated database id in the +state_id+ attribute.  Also, notice that a
-    # lambda block is used to define the state's value.  This is required in
-    # situations (like testing) where the model is loaded without any existing
-    # data (i.e. no VehicleState records available).
-    # 
-    # One caveat to the above example is to keep performance in mind.  To avoid
-    # constant db hits for looking up the VehicleState ids, the value is cached
-    # by specifying the <tt>:cache</tt> option.  Alternatively, a custom
-    # caching strategy can be used like so:
-    # 
-    #   class VehicleState < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     cattr_accessor :cache_store
-    #     self.cache_store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
-    #     
-    #     def self.find_by_name(name)
-    #       cache_store.fetch(name) { find(:first, :conditions => {:name => name}) }
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # === Dynamic values
-    # 
-    # In addition to customizing states with other value types, lambda blocks
-    # can also be specified to allow for a state's value to be determined
-    # dynamically at runtime.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :purchased_at, :initial => :available do
-    #       event :purchase do
-    #         transition all => :purchased
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       event :restock do
-    #         transition all => :available
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       state :available, :value => nil
-    #       state :purchased, :if => lambda {|value| !value.nil?}, :value => lambda {Time.now}
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above definition, the <tt>:purchased</tt> state is customized with
-    # both a dynamic value *and* a value matcher.
-    # 
-    # When an object transitions to the purchased state, the value's lambda
-    # block will be called.  This will get the current time and store it in the
-    # object's +purchased_at+ attribute.
-    # 
-    # *Note* that the custom matcher is very important here.  Since there's no
-    # way for the state machine to figure out an object's state when it's set to
-    # a runtime value, it must be explicitly defined.  If the <tt>:if</tt> option
-    # were not configured for the state, then an ArgumentError exception would
-    # be raised at runtime, indicating that the state machine could not figure
-    # out what the current state of the object was.
-    # 
-    # == Behaviors
-    # 
-    # Behaviors define a series of methods to mixin with objects when the current
-    # state matches the given one(s).  This allows instance methods to behave
-    # a specific way depending on what the value of the object's state is.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     attr_accessor :driver
-    #     attr_accessor :passenger
-    #     
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       state :parked do
-    #         def speed
-    #           0
-    #         end
-    #         
-    #         def rotate_driver
-    #           driver = self.driver
-    #           self.driver = passenger
-    #           self.passenger = driver
-    #           true
-    #         end
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       state :idling, :first_gear do
-    #         def speed
-    #           20
-    #         end
-    #         
-    #         def rotate_driver
-    #           self.state = 'parked'
-    #           rotate_driver
-    #         end
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       other_states :backing_up
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above example, there are two dynamic behaviors defined for the
-    # class:
-    # * +speed+
-    # * +rotate_driver+
-    # 
-    # Each of these behaviors are instance methods on the Vehicle class.  However,
-    # which method actually gets invoked is based on the current state of the
-    # object.  Using the above class as the example:
-    # 
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   vehicle.driver = 'John'
-    #   vehicle.passenger = 'Jane'
-    #   
-    #   # Behaviors in the "parked" state
-    #   vehicle.state             # => "parked"
-    #   vehicle.speed             # => 0
-    #   vehicle.rotate_driver     # => true
-    #   vehicle.driver            # => "Jane"
-    #   vehicle.passenger         # => "John"
-    #   
-    #   vehicle.ignite            # => true
-    #   
-    #   # Behaviors in the "idling" state
-    #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
-    #   vehicle.speed             # => 20
-    #   vehicle.rotate_driver     # => true
-    #   vehicle.driver            # => "John"
-    #   vehicle.passenger         # => "Jane"
-    # 
-    # As can be seen, both the +speed+ and +rotate_driver+ instance method
-    # implementations changed how they behave based on what the current state
-    # of the vehicle was.
-    # 
-    # === Invalid behaviors
-    # 
-    # If a specific behavior has not been defined for a state, then a
-    # NoMethodError exception will be raised, indicating that that method would
-    # not normally exist for an object with that state.
-    # 
-    # Using the example from before:
-    # 
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   vehicle.state = 'backing_up'
-    #   vehicle.speed               # => NoMethodError: undefined method 'speed' for #<Vehicle:0xb7d296ac> in state "backing_up"
-    # 
-    # === Using matchers
-    # 
-    # The +all+ / +any+ matchers can be used to easily define behaviors for a
-    # group of states.  Note, however, that you cannot use these matchers to
-    # set configurations for states.  Behaviors using these matchers can be
-    # defined at any point in the state machine and will always get applied to
-    # the proper states.
-    # 
-    # For example:
-    # 
-    #   state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #     ...
-    #     
-    #     state all - [:parked, :idling, :stalled] do
-    #       validates_presence_of :speed
-    #       
-    #       def speed
-    #         gear * 10
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # == State-aware class methods
-    # 
-    # In addition to defining scopes for instance methods that are state-aware,
-    # the same can be done for certain types of class methods.
-    # 
-    # Some libraries have support for class-level methods that only run certain
-    # behaviors based on a conditions hash passed in.  For example:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       ...
-    #       state :first_gear, :second_gear, :third_gear do
-    #         validates_presence_of   :speed
-    #         validates_inclusion_of  :speed, :in => 0..25, :if => :in_school_zone?
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above ActiveRecord model, two validations have been defined which
-    # will *only* run when the Vehicle object is in one of the three states:
-    # +first_gear+, +second_gear+, or +third_gear.  Notice, also, that if/unless
-    # conditions can continue to be used.
-    # 
-    # This functionality is not library-specific and can work for any class-level
-    # method that is defined like so:
-    # 
-    #   def validates_presence_of(attribute, options = {})
-    #     ...
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # The minimum requirement is that the last argument in the method be an
-    # options hash which contains at least <tt>:if</tt> condition support.
-    def state(*names, &block)
-      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
-      assert_valid_keys(options, :value, :cache, :if, :human_name)
-      
-      # Store the context so that it can be used for / matched against any state
-      # that gets added
-      @states.context(names, &block) if block_given?
-      
-      if names.first.is_a?(Matcher)
-        # Add any states referenced in the matcher.  When matchers are used,
-        # states are not allowed to be configured.
-        raise ArgumentError, "Cannot configure states when using matchers (using #{options.inspect})" if options.any?
-        states = add_states(names.first.values)
-      else
-        states = add_states(names)
-        
-        # Update the configuration for the state(s)
-        states.each do |state|
-          if options.include?(:value)
-            state.value = options[:value]
-            self.states.update(state)
-          end
-          
-          state.human_name = options[:human_name] if options.include?(:human_name)
-          state.cache = options[:cache] if options.include?(:cache)
-          state.matcher = options[:if] if options.include?(:if)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      states.length == 1 ? states.first : states
-    end
-    alias_method :other_states, :state
-    
-    # Gets the current value stored in the given object's attribute.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new                           # => #<Vehicle:0xb7d94ab0 @state="parked">
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.read(vehicle, :state)     # => "parked" # Equivalent to vehicle.state
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.read(vehicle, :event)     # => nil      # Equivalent to vehicle.state_event
-    def read(object, attribute, ivar = false)
-      attribute = self.attribute(attribute)
-      if ivar
-        object.instance_variable_defined?("@#{attribute}") ? object.instance_variable_get("@#{attribute}") : nil
-      else
-        object.send(attribute)
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Sets a new value in the given object's attribute.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new                                   # => #<Vehicle:0xb7d94ab0 @state="parked">
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.write(vehicle, :state, 'idling')  # => Equivalent to vehicle.state = 'idling'
-    #   Vehicle.state_machine.write(vehicle, :event, 'park')    # => Equivalent to vehicle.state_event = 'park'
-    #   vehicle.state                                           # => "idling"
-    #   vehicle.event                                           # => "park"
-    def write(object, attribute, value, ivar = false)
-      attribute = self.attribute(attribute)
-      ivar ? object.instance_variable_set("@#{attribute}", value) : object.send("#{attribute}=", value)
-    end
-    
-    # Defines one or more events for the machine and the transitions that can
-    # be performed when those events are run.
-    # 
-    # This method is also aliased as +on+ for improved compatibility with
-    # using a domain-specific language.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:human_name</tt> - The human-readable version of this event's name.
-    #   By default, this is either defined by the integration or stringifies the
-    #   name and converts underscores to spaces.
-    # 
-    # == Instance methods
-    # 
-    # The following instance methods are generated when a new event is defined
-    # (the "park" event is used as an example):
-    # * <tt>park(..., run_action = true)</tt> - Fires the "park" event,
-    #   transitioning from the current state to the next valid state.  If the
-    #   last argument is a boolean, it will control whether the machine's action
-    #   gets run.
-    # * <tt>park!(..., run_action = true)</tt> - Fires the "park" event,
-    #   transitioning from the current state to the next valid state.  If the
-    #   transition fails, then a EnumStateMachine::InvalidTransition error will be
-    #   raised.  If the last argument is a boolean, it will control whether the
-    #   machine's action gets run.
-    # * <tt>can_park?(requirements = {})</tt> - Checks whether the "park" event
-    #   can be fired given the current state of the object.  This will *not* run
-    #   validations or callbacks in ORM integrations.  It will only determine if
-    #   the state machine defines a valid transition for the event.  To check
-    #   whether an event can fire *and* passes validations, use event attributes
-    #   (e.g. state_event) as described in the "Events" documentation of each
-    #   ORM integration.
-    # * <tt>park_transition(requirements = {})</tt> -  Gets the next transition
-    #   that would be performed if the "park" event were to be fired now on the
-    #   object or nil if no transitions can be performed.  Like <tt>can_park?</tt>
-    #   this will also *not* run validations or callbacks.  It will only
-    #   determine if the state machine defines a valid transition for the event.
-    # 
-    # With a namespace of "car", the above names map to the following methods:
-    # * <tt>can_park_car?</tt>
-    # * <tt>park_car_transition</tt>
-    # * <tt>park_car</tt>
-    # * <tt>park_car!</tt>
-    # 
-    # The <tt>can_park?</tt> and <tt>park_transition</tt> helpers both take an
-    # optional set of requirements for determining what transitions are available
-    # for the current object.  These requirements include:
-    # * <tt>:from</tt> - One or more states to transition from.  If none are
-    #   specified, then this will be the object's current state.
-    # * <tt>:to</tt> - One or more states to transition to.  If none are
-    #   specified, then this will match any to state.
-    # * <tt>:guard</tt> - Whether to guard transitions with the if/unless
-    #   conditionals defined for each one.  Default is true.
-    # 
-    # == Defining transitions
-    # 
-    # +event+ requires a block which allows you to define the possible
-    # transitions that can happen as a result of that event.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   event :park, :stop do
-    #     transition :idling => :parked
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   event :first_gear do
-    #     transition :parked => :first_gear, :if => :seatbelt_on?
-    #     transition :parked => same # Allow to loopback if seatbelt is off
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # See EnumStateMachine::Event#transition for more information on
-    # the possible options that can be passed in.
-    # 
-    # *Note* that this block is executed within the context of the actual event
-    # object.  As a result, you will not be able to reference any class methods
-    # on the model without referencing the class itself.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     def self.safe_states
-    #       [:parked, :idling, :stalled]
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       event :park do
-    #         transition Vehicle.safe_states => :parked
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end 
-    # 
-    # == Overriding the event method
-    # 
-    # By default, this will define an instance method (with the same name as the
-    # event) that will fire the next possible transition for that.  Although the
-    # +before_transition+, +after_transition+, and +around_transition+ hooks
-    # allow you to define behavior that gets executed as a result of the event's
-    # transition, you can also override the event method in order to have a
-    # little more fine-grained control.
-    # 
-    # For example:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       event :park do
-    #         ...
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     def park(*)
-    #       take_deep_breath  # Executes before the transition (and before_transition hooks) even if no transition is possible
-    #       if result = super # Runs the transition and all before/after/around hooks
-    #         applaud         # Executes after the transition (and after_transition hooks)
-    #       end
-    #       result
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # There are a few important things to note here.  First, the method
-    # signature is defined with an unlimited argument list in order to allow
-    # callers to continue passing arguments that are expected by state_machine.
-    # For example, it will still allow calls to +park+ with a single parameter
-    # for skipping the configured action.
-    # 
-    # Second, the overridden event method must call +super+ in order to run the
-    # logic for running the next possible transition.  In order to remain
-    # consistent with other events, the result of +super+ is returned.
-    # 
-    # Third, any behavior defined in this method will *not* get executed if
-    # you're taking advantage of attribute-based event transitions.  For example:
-    # 
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   vehicle.state_event = 'park'
-    #   vehicle.save
-    # 
-    # In this case, the +park+ event will run the before/after/around transition
-    # hooks and transition the state, but the behavior defined in the overriden
-    # +park+ method will *not* be executed.
-    # 
-    # == Defining additional arguments
-    # 
-    # Additional arguments can be passed into events and accessed by transition
-    # hooks like so:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       after_transition :on => :park do |vehicle, transition|
-    #         kind = *transition.args # :parallel
-    #         ...
-    #       end
-    #       after_transition :on => :park, :do => :take_deep_breath
-    #       
-    #       event :park do
-    #         ...
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       def take_deep_breath(transition)
-    #         kind = *transition.args # :parallel
-    #         ...
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
-    #   vehicle.park(:parallel)
-    # 
-    # *Remember* that if the last argument is a boolean, it will be used as the
-    # +run_action+ parameter to the event action.  Using the +park+ action
-    # example from above, you can might call it like so:
-    # 
-    #   vehicle.park                    # => Uses default args and runs machine action
-    #   vehicle.park(:parallel)         # => Specifies the +kind+ argument and runs the machine action
-    #   vehicle.park(:parallel, false)  # => Specifies the +kind+ argument and *skips* the machine action
-    # 
-    # If you decide to override the +park+ event method *and* define additional
-    # arguments, you can do so as shown below:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       event :park do
-    #         ...
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     def park(kind = :parallel, *args)
-    #       take_deep_breath if kind == :parallel
-    #       super
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # Note that +super+ is called instead of <tt>super(*args)</tt>.  This allow
-    # the entire arguments list to be accessed by transition callbacks through
-    # EnumStateMachine::Transition#args.
-    # 
-    # === Using matchers
-    # 
-    # The +all+ / +any+ matchers can be used to easily execute blocks for a
-    # group of events.  Note, however, that you cannot use these matchers to
-    # set configurations for events.  Blocks using these matchers can be
-    # defined at any point in the state machine and will always get applied to
-    # the proper events.
-    # 
-    # For example:
-    # 
-    #   state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #     ...
-    #     
-    #     event all - [:crash] do
-    #       transition :stalled => :parked
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # == Example
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       # The park, stop, and halt events will all share the given transitions
-    #       event :park, :stop, :halt do
-    #         transition [:idling, :backing_up] => :parked
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       event :stop do
-    #         transition :first_gear => :idling
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #         transition :idling => same # Allow ignite while still idling
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def event(*names, &block)
-      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
-      assert_valid_keys(options, :human_name)
-      
-      # Store the context so that it can be used for / matched against any event
-      # that gets added
-      @events.context(names, &block) if block_given?
-      
-      if names.first.is_a?(Matcher)
-        # Add any events referenced in the matcher.  When matchers are used,
-        # events are not allowed to be configured.
-        raise ArgumentError, "Cannot configure events when using matchers (using #{options.inspect})" if options.any?
-        events = add_events(names.first.values)
-      else
-        events = add_events(names)
-        
-        # Update the configuration for the event(s)
-        events.each do |event|
-          event.human_name = options[:human_name] if options.include?(:human_name)
-          
-          # Add any states that may have been referenced within the event
-          add_states(event.known_states)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      events.length == 1 ? events.first : events
-    end
-    alias_method :on, :event
-    
-    # Creates a new transition that determines what to change the current state
-    # to when an event fires.
-    # 
-    # == Defining transitions
-    # 
-    # The options for a new transition uses the Hash syntax to map beginning
-    # states to ending states.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :on => :ignite
-    # 
-    # In this case, when the +ignite+ event is fired, this transition will cause
-    # the state to be +idling+ if it's current state is +parked+ or +first_gear+
-    # if it's current state is +idling+.
-    # 
-    # To help define these implicit transitions, a set of helpers are available
-    # for slightly more complex matching:
-    # * <tt>all</tt> - Matches every state in the machine
-    # * <tt>all - [:parked, :idling, ...]</tt> - Matches every state except those specified
-    # * <tt>any</tt> - An alias for +all+ (matches every state in the machine)
-    # * <tt>same</tt> - Matches the same state being transitioned from
-    # 
-    # See EnumStateMachine::MatcherHelpers for more information.
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   transition all => nil, :on => :ignite                               # Transitions to nil regardless of the current state
-    #   transition all => :idling, :on => :ignite                           # Transitions to :idling regardless of the current state
-    #   transition all - [:idling, :first_gear] => :idling, :on => :ignite  # Transitions every state but :idling and :first_gear to :idling
-    #   transition nil => :idling, :on => :ignite                           # Transitions to :idling from the nil state
-    #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite                       # Transitions to :idling if :parked
-    #   transition [:parked, :stalled] => :idling, :on => :ignite           # Transitions to :idling if :parked or :stalled
-    #   
-    #   transition :parked => same, :on => :park                            # Loops :parked back to :parked
-    #   transition [:parked, :stalled] => same, :on => [:park, :stall]      # Loops either :parked or :stalled back to the same state on the park and stall events
-    #   transition all - :parked => same, :on => :noop                      # Loops every state but :parked back to the same state
-    #   
-    #   # Transitions to :idling if :parked, :first_gear if :idling, or :second_gear if :first_gear
-    #   transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear, :on => :shift_up
-    # 
-    # == Verbose transitions
-    # 
-    # Transitions can also be defined use an explicit set of configuration
-    # options:
-    # * <tt>:from</tt> - A state or array of states that can be transitioned from.
-    #   If not specified, then the transition can occur for *any* state.
-    # * <tt>:to</tt> - The state that's being transitioned to.  If not specified,
-    #   then the transition will simply loop back (i.e. the state will not change).
-    # * <tt>:except_from</tt> - A state or array of states that *cannot* be
-    #   transitioned from.
-    # 
-    # These options must be used when defining transitions within the context
-    # of a state.
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   transition :to => nil, :on => :park
-    #   transition :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
-    #   transition :except_from => [:idling, :first_gear], :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
-    #   transition :from => nil, :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
-    #   transition :from => [:parked, :stalled], :to => :idling, :on => :ignite
-    #   
-    # == Conditions
-    # 
-    # In addition to the state requirements for each transition, a condition
-    # can also be defined to help determine whether that transition is
-    # available.  These options will work on both the normal and verbose syntax.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:if</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
-    #   transition should occur (e.g. :if => :moving?, or :if => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.speed > 60}).
-    #   The condition should return or evaluate to true or false.
-    # * <tt>:unless</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
-    #   transition should not occur (e.g. :unless => :stopped?, or :unless => lambda {|vehicle| vehicle.speed <= 60}).
-    #   The condition should return or evaluate to true or false.
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :if => :moving?
-    #   transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :unless => :stopped?
-    #   transition :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear, :on => :shift_up, :if => :seatbelt_on?
-    #   
-    #   transition :from => :parked, :to => :idling, :on => ignite, :if => :moving?
-    #   transition :from => :parked, :to => :idling, :on => ignite, :unless => :stopped?
-    # 
-    # == Order of operations
-    # 
-    # Transitions are evaluated in the order in which they're defined.  As a
-    # result, if more than one transition applies to a given object, then the
-    # first transition that matches will be performed.
-    def transition(options)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'Must specify :on event' unless options[:on]
-      
-      branches = []
-      options = options.dup
-      event(*Array(options.delete(:on))) { branches << transition(options) }
-      
-      branches.length == 1 ? branches.first : branches
-    end
-    
-    # Creates a callback that will be invoked *before* a transition is
-    # performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
-    # == The callback
-    # 
-    # Callbacks must be defined as either an argument, in the :do option, or
-    # as a block.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       before_transition :set_alarm
-    #       before_transition :set_alarm, all => :parked
-    #       before_transition all => :parked, :do => :set_alarm
-    #       before_transition all => :parked do |vehicle, transition|
-    #         vehicle.set_alarm
-    #       end
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # Notice that the first three callbacks are the same in terms of how the
-    # methods to invoke are defined.  However, using the <tt>:do</tt> can
-    # provide for a more fluid DSL.
-    # 
-    # In addition, multiple callbacks can be defined like so:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       before_transition :set_alarm, :lock_doors, all => :parked
-    #       before_transition all => :parked, :do => [:set_alarm, :lock_doors]
-    #       before_transition :set_alarm do |vehicle, transition|
-    #         vehicle.lock_doors
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # Notice that the different ways of configuring methods can be mixed.
-    # 
-    # == State requirements
-    # 
-    # Callbacks can require that the machine be transitioning from and to
-    # specific states.  These requirements use a Hash syntax to map beginning
-    # states to ending states.  For example,
-    # 
-    #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :idling => :first_gear, :do => :set_alarm
-    # 
-    # In this case, the +set_alarm+ callback will only be called if the machine
-    # is transitioning from +parked+ to +idling+ or from +idling+ to +parked+.
-    # 
-    # To help define state requirements, a set of helpers are available for
-    # slightly more complex matching:
-    # * <tt>all</tt> - Matches every state/event in the machine
-    # * <tt>all - [:parked, :idling, ...]</tt> - Matches every state/event except those specified
-    # * <tt>any</tt> - An alias for +all+ (matches every state/event in the machine)
-    # * <tt>same</tt> - Matches the same state being transitioned from
-    # 
-    # See EnumStateMachine::MatcherHelpers for more information.
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   before_transition :parked => [:idling, :first_gear], :do => ...     # Matches from parked to idling or first_gear
-    #   before_transition all - [:parked, :idling] => :idling, :do => ...   # Matches from every state except parked and idling to idling
-    #   before_transition all => :parked, :do => ...                        # Matches all states to parked
-    #   before_transition any => same, :do => ...                           # Matches every loopback
-    # 
-    # == Event requirements
-    # 
-    # In addition to state requirements, an event requirement can be defined so
-    # that the callback is only invoked on specific events using the +on+
-    # option.  This can also use the same matcher helpers as the state
-    # requirements.
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   before_transition :on => :ignite, :do => ...                        # Matches only on ignite
-    #   before_transition :on => all - :ignite, :do => ...                  # Matches on every event except ignite
-    #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :on => :ignite, :do => ...    # Matches from parked to idling on ignite
-    # 
-    # == Verbose Requirements
-    # 
-    # Requirements can also be defined using verbose options rather than the
-    # implicit Hash syntax and helper methods described above.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:from</tt> - One or more states being transitioned from.  If none
-    #   are specified, then all states will match.
-    # * <tt>:to</tt> - One or more states being transitioned to.  If none are
-    #   specified, then all states will match.
-    # * <tt>:on</tt> - One or more events that fired the transition.  If none
-    #   are specified, then all events will match.
-    # * <tt>:except_from</tt> - One or more states *not* being transitioned from
-    # * <tt>:except_to</tt> - One more states *not* being transitioned to
-    # * <tt>:except_on</tt> - One or more events that *did not* fire the transition
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   before_transition :from => :ignite, :to => :idling, :on => :park, :do => ...
-    #   before_transition :except_from => :ignite, :except_to => :idling, :except_on => :park, :do => ...
-    # 
-    # == Conditions
-    # 
-    # In addition to the state/event requirements, a condition can also be
-    # defined to help determine whether the callback should be invoked.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:if</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
-    #   callback should occur (e.g. :if => :allow_callbacks, or
-    #   :if => lambda {|user| user.signup_step > 2}). The method, proc or string
-    #   should return or evaluate to a true or false value. 
-    # * <tt>:unless</tt> - A method, proc or string to call to determine if the
-    #   callback should not occur (e.g. :unless => :skip_callbacks, or
-    #   :unless => lambda {|user| user.signup_step <= 2}). The method, proc or
-    #   string should return or evaluate to a true or false value. 
-    # 
-    # Examples:
-    # 
-    #   before_transition :parked => :idling, :if => :moving?, :do => ...
-    #   before_transition :on => :ignite, :unless => :seatbelt_on?, :do => ...
-    # 
-    # == Accessing the transition
-    # 
-    # In addition to passing the object being transitioned, the actual
-    # transition describing the context (e.g. event, from, to) can be accessed
-    # as well.  This additional argument is only passed if the callback allows
-    # for it.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     # Only specifies one parameter (the object being transitioned)
-    #     before_transition all => :parked do |vehicle|
-    #       vehicle.set_alarm
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     # Specifies 2 parameters (object being transitioned and actual transition)
-    #     before_transition all => :parked do |vehicle, transition|
-    #       vehicle.set_alarm(transition)
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # *Note* that the object in the callback will only be passed in as an
-    # argument if callbacks are configured to *not* be bound to the object
-    # involved.  This is the default and may change on a per-integration basis.
-    # 
-    # See EnumStateMachine::Transition for more information about the
-    # attributes available on the transition.
-    # 
-    # == Usage with delegates
-    # 
-    # As noted above, state_machine uses the callback method's argument list
-    # arity to determine whether to include the transition in the method call.
-    # If you're using delegates, such as those defined in ActiveSupport or
-    # Forwardable, the actual arity of the delegated method gets masked.  This
-    # means that callbacks which reference delegates will always get passed the
-    # transition as an argument.  For example:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     extend Forwardable
-    #     delegate :refresh => :dashboard
-    #     
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       before_transition :refresh
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     def dashboard
-    #       @dashboard ||= Dashboard.new
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   class Dashboard
-    #     def refresh(transition)
-    #       # ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # In the above example, <tt>Dashboard#refresh</tt> *must* defined a
-    # +transition+ argument.  Otherwise, an +ArgumentError+ exception will get
-    # raised.  The only way around this is to avoid the use of delegates and
-    # manually define the delegate method so that the correct arity is used.
-    # 
-    # == Examples
-    # 
-    # Below is an example of a class with one state machine and various types
-    # of +before+ transitions defined for it:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       # Before all transitions
-    #       before_transition :update_dashboard
-    #       
-    #       # Before specific transition:
-    #       before_transition [:first_gear, :idling] => :parked, :on => :park, :do => :take_off_seatbelt
-    #       
-    #       # With conditional callback:
-    #       before_transition all => :parked, :do => :take_off_seatbelt, :if => :seatbelt_on?
-    #       
-    #       # Using helpers:
-    #       before_transition all - :stalled => same, :on => any - :crash, :do => :update_dashboard
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # As can be seen, any number of transitions can be created using various
-    # combinations of configuration options.
-    def before_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:before, options, &block)
-    end
-    
-    # Creates a callback that will be invoked *after* a transition is
-    # performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
-    # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
-    # for defining callbacks.
-    def after_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:after, options, &block)
-    end
-    
-    # Creates a callback that will be invoked *around* a transition so long as
-    # the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
-    # == The callback
-    # 
-    # Around callbacks wrap transitions, executing code both before and after.
-    # These callbacks are defined in the exact same manner as before / after
-    # callbacks with the exception that the transition must be yielded to in
-    # order to finish running it.
-    # 
-    # If defining +around+ callbacks using blocks, you must yield within the
-    # transition by directly calling the block (since yielding is not allowed
-    # within blocks).
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       around_transition do |block|
-    #         Benchmark.measure { block.call }
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       around_transition do |vehicle, block|
-    #         logger.info "vehicle was #{state}..."
-    #         block.call
-    #         logger.info "...and is now #{state}"
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       around_transition do |vehicle, transition, block|
-    #         logger.info "before #{transition.event}: #{vehicle.state}"
-    #         block.call
-    #         logger.info "after #{transition.event}: #{vehicle.state}"
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # Notice that referencing the block is similar to doing so within an
-    # actual method definition in that it is always the last argument.
-    # 
-    # On the other hand, if you're defining +around+ callbacks using method
-    # references, you can yield like normal:
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       around_transition :benchmark
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #     
-    #     def benchmark
-    #       Benchmark.measure { yield }
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
-    # for defining callbacks.
-    def around_transition(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      add_callback(:around, options, &block)
-    end
-    
-    # Creates a callback that will be invoked *after* a transition failures to
-    # be performed so long as the given requirements match the transition.
-    # 
-    # See +before_transition+ for a description of the possible configurations
-    # for defining callbacks.  *Note* however that you cannot define the state
-    # requirements in these callbacks.  You may only define event requirements.
-    # 
-    # = The callback
-    # 
-    # Failure callbacks get invoked whenever an event fails to execute.  This
-    # can happen when no transition is available, a +before+ callback halts
-    # execution, or the action associated with this machine fails to succeed.
-    # In any of these cases, any failure callback that matches the attempted
-    # transition will be run.
-    # 
-    # For example,
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine do
-    #       after_failure do |vehicle, transition|
-    #         logger.error "vehicle #{vehicle} failed to transition on #{transition.event}"
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       after_failure :on => :ignite, :do => :log_ignition_failure
-    #       
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def after_failure(*args, &block)
-      options = (args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {})
-      options[:do] = args if args.any?
-      assert_valid_keys(options, :on, :do, :if, :unless)
-      
-      add_callback(:failure, options, &block)
-    end
-    
-    # Generates a list of the possible transition sequences that can be run on
-    # the given object.  These paths can reveal all of the possible states and
-    # events that can be encountered in the object's state machine based on the
-    # object's current state.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * +from+ - The initial state to start all paths from.  By default, this
-    #   is the object's current state.
-    # * +to+ - The target state to end all paths on.  By default, paths will
-    #   end when they loop back to the first transition on the path.
-    # * +deep+ - Whether to allow the target state to be crossed more than once
-    #   in a path.  By default, paths will immediately stop when the target
-    #   state (if specified) is reached.  If this is enabled, then paths can
-    #   continue even after reaching the target state; they will stop when
-    #   reaching the target state a second time.
-    # 
-    # *Note* that the object is never modified when the list of paths is
-    # generated.
-    # 
-    # == Examples
-    # 
-    #   class Vehicle
-    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
-    #       event :ignite do
-    #         transition :parked => :idling
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       event :shift_up do
-    #         transition :idling => :first_gear, :first_gear => :second_gear
-    #       end
-    #       
-    #       event :shift_down do
-    #         transition :second_gear => :first_gear, :first_gear => :idling
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new   # => #<Vehicle:0xb7c27024 @state="parked">
-    #   vehicle.state           # => "parked"
-    #   
-    #   vehicle.state_paths
-    #   # => [
-    #   #     [#<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="idling" from_name=:idling to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="second_gear" to_name=:second_gear>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="second_gear" from_name=:second_gear to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="idling" to_name=:idling>],
-    #   #       
-    #   #     [#<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="idling" from_name=:idling to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_down from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="idling" to_name=:idling>]
-    #   #    ]
-    #   
-    #   vehicle.state_paths(:from => :parked, :to => :second_gear)
-    #   # => [
-    #   #     [#<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="idling" from_name=:idling to="first_gear" to_name=:first_gear>,
-    #   #      #<EnumStateMachine::Transition attribute=:state event=:shift_up from="first_gear" from_name=:first_gear to="second_gear" to_name=:second_gear>]
-    #   #    ]
-    # 
-    # In addition to getting the possible paths that can be accessed, you can
-    # also get summary information about the states / events that can be
-    # accessed at some point along one of the paths.  For example:
-    # 
-    #   # Get the list of states that can be accessed from the current state
-    #   vehicle.state_paths.to_states # => [:idling, :first_gear, :second_gear]
-    #   
-    #   # Get the list of events that can be accessed from the current state
-    #   vehicle.state_paths.events    # => [:ignite, :shift_up, :shift_down]
-    def paths_for(object, requirements = {})
-      PathCollection.new(object, self, requirements)
-    end
-    
-    # Marks the given object as invalid with the given message.
-    # 
-    # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def invalidate(object, attribute, message, values = [])
-    end
-    
-    # Gets a description of the errors for the given object.  This is used to
-    # provide more detailed information when an InvalidTransition exception is
-    # raised.
-    def errors_for(object)
-      ''
-    end
-    
-    # Resets any errors previously added when invalidating the given object.
-    # 
-    # By default, this is a no-op.
-    def reset(object)
-    end
-    
-    # Generates the message to use when invalidating the given object after
-    # failing to transition on a specific event
-    def generate_message(name, values = [])
-      message = (@messages[name] || self.class.default_messages[name])
-      
-      # Check whether there are actually any values to interpolate to avoid
-      # any warnings
-      if message.scan(/%./).any? {|match| match != '%%'}
-        message % values.map {|value| value.last}
-      else
-        message
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Runs a transaction, rolling back any changes if the yielded block fails.
-    # 
-    # This is only applicable to integrations that involve databases.  By
-    # default, this will not run any transactions since the changes aren't
-    # taking place within the context of a database.
-    def within_transaction(object)
-      if use_transactions
-        transaction(object) { yield }
-      else
-        yield
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # Draws a directed graph of the machine for visualizing the various events,
-    # states, and their transitions.
-    # 
-    # This requires both the Ruby graphviz gem and the graphviz library be
-    # installed on the system.
-    # 
-    # Configuration options:
-    # * <tt>:name</tt> - The name of the file to write to (without the file extension).
-    #   Default is "#{owner_class.name}_#{name}"
-    # * <tt>:path</tt> - The path to write the graph file to.  Default is the
-    #   current directory (".").
-    # * <tt>:format</tt> - The image format to generate the graph in.
-    #   Default is "png'.
-    # * <tt>:font</tt> - The name of the font to draw state names in.
-    #   Default is "Arial".
-    # * <tt>:orientation</tt> - The direction of the graph ("portrait" or
-    #   "landscape").  Default is "portrait".
-    # * <tt>:human_names</tt> - Whether to use human state / event names for
-    #   node labels on the graph instead of the internal name.  Default is false.
-    def draw(graph_options = {})
-      name = graph_options.delete(:name) || "#{owner_class.name}_#{self.name}"
-      draw_options = {:human_name => false}
-      draw_options[:human_name] = graph_options.delete(:human_names) if graph_options.include?(:human_names)
-      
-      graph = Graph.new(name, graph_options)
-      
-      # Add nodes / edges
-      states.by_priority.each {|state| state.draw(graph, draw_options)}
-      events.each {|event| event.draw(graph, draw_options)}
-      
-      # Output result
-      graph.output
-      graph
-    end
-    
-    # Determines whether an action hook was defined for firing attribute-based
-    # event transitions when the configured action gets called.
-    def action_hook?(self_only = false)
-      @action_hook_defined || !self_only && owner_class.state_machines.any? {|name, machine| machine.action == action && machine != self && machine.action_hook?(true)}
-    end
-    
-    protected
-      # Runs additional initialization hooks.  By default, this is a no-op.
-      def after_initialize
-      end
-      
-      # Looks up other machines that have been defined in the owner class and
-      # are targeting the same attribute as this machine.  When accessing
-      # sibling machines, they will be automatically copied for the current
-      # class if they haven't been already.  This ensures that any configuration
-      # changes made to the sibling machines only affect this class and not any
-      # base class that may have originally defined the machine.
-      def sibling_machines
-        owner_class.state_machines.inject([]) do |machines, (name, machine)|
-          if machine.attribute == attribute && machine != self
-            machines << (owner_class.state_machine(name) {})
-          end
-          machines
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Determines if the machine's attribute needs to be initialized.  This
-      # will only be true if the machine's attribute is blank.
-      def initialize_state?(object)
-        value = read(object, :state)
-        (value.nil? || value.respond_to?(:empty?) && value.empty?) && !states[value, :value]
-      end
-      
-      # Adds helper methods for interacting with the state machine, including
-      # for states, events, and transitions
-      def define_helpers
-        define_state_accessor
-        define_state_predicate
-        define_event_helpers
-        define_path_helpers
-        define_action_helpers if define_action_helpers?
-        define_name_helpers
-      end
-      
-      # Defines the initial values for state machine attributes.  Static values
-      # are set prior to the original initialize method and dynamic values are
-      # set *after* the initialize method in case it is dependent on it.
-      def define_state_initializer
-        define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def initialize(*)
-            self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self) { super }
-          end
-        end_eval
-      end
-      
-      # Adds reader/writer methods for accessing the state attribute
-      def define_state_accessor
-        attribute = self.attribute
-        
-        @helper_modules[:instance].class_eval { attr_reader attribute } unless owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, attribute)
-        @helper_modules[:instance].class_eval { attr_writer attribute } unless owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, "#{attribute}=")
-      end
-      
-      # Adds predicate method to the owner class for determining the name of the
-      # current state
-      def define_state_predicate
-        call_super = !!owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, "#{name}?")
-        define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def #{name}?(*args)
-            args.empty? && (#{call_super} || defined?(super)) ? super : self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).states.matches?(self, *args)
-          end
-        end_eval
-      end
-      
-      # Adds helper methods for getting information about this state machine's
-      # events
-      def define_event_helpers
-        # Gets the events that are allowed to fire on the current object
-        define_helper(:instance, attribute(:events)) do |machine, object, *args|
-          machine.events.valid_for(object, *args).map {|event| event.name}
-        end
-        
-        # Gets the next possible transitions that can be run on the current
-        # object
-        define_helper(:instance, attribute(:transitions)) do |machine, object, *args|
-          machine.events.transitions_for(object, *args)
-        end
-        
-        # Fire an arbitrary event for this machine
-        define_helper(:instance, "fire_#{attribute(:event)}") do |machine, object, event, *args|
-          machine.events.fetch(event).fire(object, *args)
-        end
-        
-        # Add helpers for tracking the event / transition to invoke when the
-        # action is called
-        if action
-          event_attribute = attribute(:event)
-          define_helper(:instance, event_attribute) do |machine, object|
-            # Interpret non-blank events as present
-            event = machine.read(object, :event, true)
-            event && !(event.respond_to?(:empty?) && event.empty?) ? event.to_sym : nil
-          end
-          
-          # A roundabout way of writing the attribute is used here so that
-          # integrations can hook into this modification
-          define_helper(:instance, "#{event_attribute}=") do |machine, object, value|
-            machine.write(object, :event, value, true)
-          end
-          
-          event_transition_attribute = attribute(:event_transition)
-          define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-            protected; attr_accessor #{event_transition_attribute.inspect}
-          end_eval
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Adds helper methods for getting information about this state machine's
-      # available transition paths
-      def define_path_helpers
-        # Gets the paths of transitions available to the current object
-        define_helper(:instance, attribute(:paths)) do |machine, object, *args|
-          machine.paths_for(object, *args)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Determines whether action helpers should be defined for this machine.
-      # This is only true if there is an action configured and no other machines
-      # have process this same configuration already.
-      def define_action_helpers?
-        action && !owner_class.state_machines.any? {|name, machine| machine.action == action && machine != self}
-      end
-      
-      # Adds helper methods for automatically firing events when an action
-      # is invoked
-      def define_action_helpers
-        if action_hook
-          @action_hook_defined = true
-          define_action_hook
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Hooks directly into actions by defining the same method in an included
-      # module.  As a result, when the action gets invoked, any state events
-      # defined for the object will get run.  Method visibility is preserved.
-      def define_action_hook
-        action_hook = self.action_hook
-        action = self.action
-        private_action_hook = owner_class.private_method_defined?(action_hook)
-        
-        # Only define helper if it hasn't 
-        define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def #{action_hook}(*)
-            self.class.state_machines.transitions(self, #{action.inspect}).perform { super }
-          end
-          
-          private #{action_hook.inspect} if #{private_action_hook}
-        end_eval
-      end
-      
-      # The method to hook into for triggering transitions when invoked.  By
-      # default, this is the action configured for the machine.
-      # 
-      # Since the default hook technique relies on module inheritance, the
-      # action must be defined in an ancestor of the owner classs in order for
-      # it to be the action hook.
-      def action_hook
-        action && owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(:instance, action) ? action : nil
-      end
-      
-      # Determines whether there's already a helper method defined within the
-      # given scope.  This is true only if one of the owner's ancestors defines
-      # the method and is further along in the ancestor chain than this
-      # machine's helper module.
-      def owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method)
-        superclasses = owner_class.ancestors[1..-1].select {|ancestor| ancestor.is_a?(Class)}
-        
-        if scope == :class
-          # Use singleton classes
-          current = (class << owner_class; self; end)
-          superclass = superclasses.first
-        else
-          current = owner_class
-          superclass = owner_class.superclass
-        end
-        
-        # Generate the list of modules that *only* occur in the owner class, but
-        # were included *prior* to the helper modules, in addition to the
-        # superclasses
-        ancestors = current.ancestors - superclass.ancestors + superclasses
-        ancestors = ancestors[ancestors.index(@helper_modules[scope])..-1].reverse
-        
-        # Search for for the first ancestor that defined this method
-        ancestors.detect do |ancestor|
-          ancestor = (class << ancestor; self; end) if scope == :class && ancestor.is_a?(Class)
-          ancestor.method_defined?(method) || ancestor.private_method_defined?(method)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Adds helper methods for accessing naming information about states and
-      # events on the owner class
-      def define_name_helpers
-        # Gets the humanized version of a state
-        define_helper(:class, "human_#{attribute(:name)}") do |machine, klass, state|
-          machine.states.fetch(state).human_name(klass)
-        end
-        
-        # Gets the humanized version of an event
-        define_helper(:class, "human_#{attribute(:event_name)}") do |machine, klass, event|
-          machine.events.fetch(event).human_name(klass)
-        end
-        
-        # Gets the state name for the current value
-        define_helper(:instance, attribute(:name)) do |machine, object|
-          machine.states.match!(object).name
-        end
-        
-        # Gets the human state name for the current value
-        define_helper(:instance, "human_#{attribute(:name)}") do |machine, object|
-          machine.states.match!(object).human_name(object.class)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Defines the with/without scope helpers for this attribute.  Both the
-      # singular and plural versions of the attribute are defined for each
-      # scope helper.  A custom plural can be specified if it cannot be
-      # automatically determined by either calling +pluralize+ on the attribute
-      # name or adding an "s" to the end of the name.
-      def define_scopes(custom_plural = nil)
-        plural = custom_plural || pluralize(name)
-        
-        [:with, :without].each do |kind|
-          [name, plural].map {|s| s.to_s}.uniq.each do |suffix|
-            method = "#{kind}_#{suffix}"
-            
-            if scope = send("create_#{kind}_scope", method)
-              # Converts state names to their corresponding values so that they
-              # can be looked up properly
-              define_helper(:class, method) do |machine, klass, *states|
-                run_scope(scope, machine, klass, states)
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Generates the results for the given scope based on one or more states to
-      # filter by
-      def run_scope(scope, machine, klass, states)
-        values = states.flatten.map {|state| machine.states.fetch(state).value}
-        scope.call(klass, values)
-      end
-      
-      # Pluralizes the given word using #pluralize (if available) or simply
-      # adding an "s" to the end of the word 
-      def pluralize(word)
-        word = word.to_s
-        if word.respond_to?(:pluralize)
-          word.pluralize
-        else
-          "#{name}s"
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Creates a scope for finding objects *with* a particular value or values
-      # for the attribute.
-      # 
-      # By default, this is a no-op.
-      def create_with_scope(name)
-      end
-      
-      # Creates a scope for finding objects *without* a particular value or
-      # values for the attribute.
-      # 
-      # By default, this is a no-op.
-      def create_without_scope(name)
-      end
-      
-      # Always yields
-      def transaction(object)
-        yield
-      end
-      
-      # Gets the initial attribute value defined by the owner class (outside of
-      # the machine's definition). By default, this is always nil.
-      def owner_class_attribute_default
-        nil
-      end
-      
-      # Checks whether the given state matches the attribute default specified
-      # by the owner class
-      def owner_class_attribute_default_matches?(state)
-        state.matches?(owner_class_attribute_default)
-      end
-      
-      # Updates this machine based on the configuration of other machines in the
-      # owner class that share the same target attribute.
-      def add_sibling_machine_configs
-        # Add existing states
-        sibling_machines.each do |machine|
-          machine.states.each {|state| states << state unless states[state.name]}
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Adds a new transition callback of the given type.
-      def add_callback(type, options, &block)
-        callbacks[type == :around ? :before : type] << callback = Callback.new(type, options, &block)
-        add_states(callback.known_states)
-        callback
-      end
-      
-      # Tracks the given set of states in the list of all known states for
-      # this machine
-      def add_states(new_states)
-        new_states.map do |new_state|
-          # Check for other states that use a different class type for their name.
-          # This typically prevents string / symbol misuse.
-          if new_state && conflict = states.detect {|state| state.name && state.name.class != new_state.class}
-            raise ArgumentError, "#{new_state.inspect} state defined as #{new_state.class}, #{conflict.name.inspect} defined as #{conflict.name.class}; all states must be consistent"
-          end
-          
-          unless state = states[new_state]
-            states << state = State.new(self, new_state)
-            
-            # Copy states over to sibling machines
-            sibling_machines.each {|machine| machine.states << state}
-          end
-          
-          state
-        end
-      end
-      
-      # Tracks the given set of events in the list of all known events for
-      # this machine
-      def add_events(new_events)
-        new_events.map do |new_event|
-          # Check for other states that use a different class type for their name.
-          # This typically prevents string / symbol misuse.
-          if conflict = events.detect {|event| event.name.class != new_event.class}
-            raise ArgumentError, "#{new_event.inspect} event defined as #{new_event.class}, #{conflict.name.inspect} defined as #{conflict.name.class}; all events must be consistent"
-          end
-          
-          unless event = events[new_event]
-            events << event = Event.new(self, new_event)
-          end
-          
-          event
-        end
-      end
-  end
-end