e11y 0.1.0

data/docs/use_cases/UC-003-pattern-based-metrics.md

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+# UC-003: Pattern-Based Metrics
+
+**Status:** Implemented (2026-01-20)  
+**Complexity:** Intermediate  
+**Setup Time:** 15-30 minutes  
+**Target Users:** DevOps, SRE, Backend Developers
+
+**Implementation:** Rails Way with Event::Base DSL - see [IMPLEMENTATION_NOTES.md](../IMPLEMENTATION_NOTES.md#2026-01-20-metrics-architecture-refactoring---rails-way-)
+
+---
+
+## 📋 Overview
+
+### Problem Statement
+
+**Current Approach (Manual Metrics):**
+```ruby
+# ❌ Manual duplication
+Rails.logger.info "Order #{order.id} paid"
+OrderMetrics.increment('orders.paid.total', tags: { currency: 'USD' })
+OrderMetrics.observe('orders.paid.amount', order.amount, tags: { currency: 'USD' })
+
+# Problems:
+# - Duplication (log + metrics)
+# - Inconsistent naming (order vs orders)
+# - Typos in tags (curency vs currency)
+# - Missing tags (forgot payment_method)
+# - Maintenance burden (update both places)
+```
+
+### E11y Solution (Rails Way)
+
+**Option 1: Event-Level Metrics (Recommended)**
+```ruby
+# Define metrics directly in event class
+class Events::OrderPaid < E11y::Event::Base
+  schema do
+    required(:order_id).filled(:string)
+    required(:amount).filled(:float)
+    required(:currency).filled(:string)
+    required(:payment_method).filled(:string)
+  end
+
+  # Metrics DSL - defined once, validated at boot
+  metrics do
+    counter :orders_paid_total, tags: [:currency, :payment_method]
+    histogram :orders_paid_amount, value: :amount, tags: [:currency], buckets: [10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000]
+  end
+end
+
+# Track event - metrics automatically updated
+Events::OrderPaid.track(
+  order_id: '123',
+  amount: 99.99,
+  currency: 'USD',
+  payment_method: 'stripe'
+)
+
+# Result:
+# ✅ orders_paid_total{currency="USD",payment_method="stripe"} = 1
+# ✅ orders_paid_amount_bucket{currency="USD",le="100"} = 1
+```
+
+**Option 2: Global Pattern-Based Metrics**
+```ruby
+# config/initializers/e11y.rb
+E11y::Metrics::Registry.instance.register(
+  type: :counter,
+  pattern: 'order.paid',  # Exact match
+  name: :orders_paid_total,
+  tags: [:currency, :payment_method],
+  source: 'config/initializers/e11y.rb'
+)
+
+E11y::Metrics::Registry.instance.register(
+  type: :histogram,
+  pattern: 'order.paid',
+  name: :orders_paid_amount,
+  value: :amount,
+  tags: [:currency],
+  buckets: [10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000],
+  source: 'config/initializers/e11y.rb'
+)
+```
+
+**Option 3: Base Class for Shared Metrics**
+```ruby
+# Shared metric for all order events
+class BaseOrderEvent < E11y::Event::Base
+  metrics do
+    counter :orders_total, tags: [:currency, :status]
+  end
+end
+
+class Events::OrderPaid < BaseOrderEvent
+  # Inherits orders_total + adds own metric
+  metrics do
+    histogram :order_amount, value: :amount, tags: [:currency]
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 Rails Integration & Boot-Time Validation
+
+### Automatic Validation on Rails Boot
+
+**E11y automatically validates metrics when Rails starts:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/railtie.rb (built-in, no configuration needed)
+class Railtie < Rails::Railtie
+  initializer "e11y.validate_metrics", after: :load_config_initializers do
+    Rails.application.config.after_initialize do
+      E11y::Metrics::Registry.instance.validate_all!
+      Rails.logger.info "E11y: Metrics validated successfully (#{registry.size} metrics)"
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**What gets validated:**
+1. **Metric type conflicts**: Same metric name with different types (counter vs histogram)
+2. **Label conflicts**: Same metric name with different labels
+3. **Bucket conflicts**: Same histogram with different buckets (warning only)
+
+**Example: Catching conflicts at boot time**
+
+```ruby
+# app/events/order_created.rb
+class Events::OrderCreated < E11y::Event::Base
+  metrics do
+    counter :orders_total, tags: [:currency, :status]
+  end
+end
+
+# app/events/order_paid.rb
+class Events::OrderPaid < E11y::Event::Base
+  metrics do
+    counter :orders_total, tags: [:currency] # ❌ Different labels!
+  end
+end
+
+# Rails boot output:
+# E11y::Metrics::Registry::LabelConflictError:
+#   Metric "orders_total" label conflict!
+#   
+#   Existing: [:currency, :status] (from Events::OrderCreated.metrics)
+#   New:      [:currency] (from Events::OrderPaid.metrics)
+#   
+#   Fix: Use the same labels everywhere or rename the metric.
+#   
+#   Example:
+#     # Event 1
+#     counter :orders_total, tags: [:currency, :status]
+#     
+#     # Event 2 (must match!)
+#     counter :orders_total, tags: [:currency, :status]
+```
+
+**Benefits:**
+- ✅ **Fail-fast**: Errors caught at boot time, not in production
+- ✅ **Clear error messages**: Shows conflicting definitions with source locations
+- ✅ **Zero runtime overhead**: Validation happens once at boot
+- ✅ **Automatic**: No manual validation calls needed in Rails
+
+**Non-Rails Projects:**
+
+```ruby
+# config/boot.rb or similar
+require 'e11y'
+
+# After loading all event classes
+E11y::Metrics::Registry.instance.validate_all!
+puts "E11y: Metrics validated successfully"
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🎯 Use Case Scenarios
+
+### Scenario 1: Multi-Domain Metrics
+
+**Business domains:** Orders, Users, Payments
+
+```ruby
+# config/initializers/e11y.rb
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    # === GLOBAL METRICS ===
+    # All events counter
+    counter_for pattern: '*',
+                name: 'business_events.total',
+                tags: [:event_name, :severity]
+    
+    # === ORDERS DOMAIN ===
+    counter_for pattern: 'order.*',
+                name: 'orders.events.total',
+                tags: [:event_name]
+    
+    histogram_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+                  name: 'orders.amount',
+                  value: ->(e) { e.payload[:amount] },
+                  tags: [:currency],
+                  buckets: [10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000]
+    
+    # Success rate (special metric)
+    success_rate_for pattern: 'order.*',
+                     name: 'orders.success_rate'
+    
+    # === USERS DOMAIN ===
+    counter_for pattern: 'user.*',
+                name: 'users.events.total',
+                tags: [:event_name]
+    
+    # Funnel metric
+    funnel_for pattern: 'user.*',
+               name: 'users.registration_funnel',
+               steps: ['registration.started', 'email.verified', 'profile.completed', 'first.login']
+    
+    # === PAYMENTS DOMAIN ===
+    counter_for pattern: 'payment.*',
+                name: 'payments.events.total',
+                tags: [:event_name, :payment_method]
+    
+    histogram_for pattern: 'payment.succeeded',
+                  name: 'payments.duration_ms',
+                  value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms },
+                  tags: [:payment_method],
+                  buckets: [100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000]
+    
+    success_rate_for pattern: 'payment.*',
+                     name: 'payments.success_rate',
+                     tags: [:payment_method]
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Result in Prometheus:**
+```promql
+# Global
+business_events_total{event_name="order.paid",severity="success"} 1234
+
+# Orders
+orders_events_total{event_name="order.paid"} 1234
+orders_amount_sum{currency="USD"} 123456.78
+orders_success_rate 0.998  # 99.8%
+
+# Users
+users_events_total{event_name="registration.started"} 5000
+users_registration_funnel{step="email.verified"} 4500  # 90% conversion
+users_registration_funnel{step="profile.completed"} 4000  # 80% conversion
+
+# Payments
+payments_events_total{event_name="payment.succeeded",payment_method="stripe"} 1200
+payments_duration_ms_bucket{payment_method="stripe",le="500"} 1100  # p95 < 500ms
+payments_success_rate{payment_method="stripe"} 0.997  # 99.7%
+```
+
+---
+
+### Scenario 2: Cardinality-Safe Labels
+
+**Problem:** High-cardinality labels (user_id, order_id) cause metric explosions
+
+**Solution:** Pattern-based extraction with aggregation
+
+```ruby
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    # ❌ BAD: user_id as label (1M users = 1M series)
+    # counter_for pattern: 'user.action',
+    #             tags: [:user_id]  # ← DON'T DO THIS!
+    
+    # ✅ GOOD: Aggregate to user_segment (3 values = 3 series)
+    counter_for pattern: 'user.action',
+                name: 'users.actions.total',
+                tags: [:action_type, :user_segment],
+                tag_extractors: {
+                  user_segment: ->(event) {
+                    # Aggregate user_id → user_segment
+                    user = User.find(event.payload[:user_id])
+                    user.segment  # 'free', 'paid', 'enterprise'
+                  }
+                }
+    
+    # ✅ GOOD: Bucket amounts (not exact values)
+    histogram_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+                  name: 'orders.amount_bucket',
+                  value: ->(e) {
+                    # Bucket: small, medium, large
+                    amount = e.payload[:amount]
+                    case amount
+                    when 0..50 then 'small'
+                    when 51..200 then 'medium'
+                    else 'large'
+                    end
+                  },
+                  tags: [:currency]
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Result:**
+```promql
+# Before (BAD): 1M series
+users_actions_total{user_id="user_1",action_type="click"} 1
+users_actions_total{user_id="user_2",action_type="click"} 1
+# ... 1 million more
+
+# After (GOOD): 6 series (3 segments × 2 action types)
+users_actions_total{user_segment="free",action_type="click"} 500000
+users_actions_total{user_segment="paid",action_type="click"} 400000
+users_actions_total{user_segment="enterprise",action_type="click"} 100000
+```
+
+---
+
+### Scenario 3: Custom Metric Types
+
+**Built-in metric types:**
+- `counter_for` - monotonically increasing
+- `histogram_for` - distribution (with buckets)
+- `gauge_for` - point-in-time value
+- `success_rate_for` - ratio of :success / (:success + :error)
+- `funnel_for` - multi-step conversion tracking
+
+```ruby
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    # === COUNTER ===
+    counter_for pattern: 'email.sent',
+                name: 'emails.sent.total',
+                tags: [:template, :status]
+    
+    # === HISTOGRAM ===
+    histogram_for pattern: 'api.request',
+                  name: 'api.request.duration_seconds',
+                  value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms / 1000.0 },
+                  tags: [:controller, :action],
+                  buckets: [0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0]
+    
+    # === GAUGE (current state) ===
+    gauge_for pattern: 'queue.size',
+              name: 'sidekiq.queue.size',
+              value: ->(e) { e.payload[:size] },
+              tags: [:queue_name]
+    
+    # === SUCCESS RATE (auto-calculated) ===
+    success_rate_for pattern: 'payment.*',
+                     name: 'payments.success_rate',
+                     tags: [:payment_method]
+    # Automatically:
+    # - Counts events with severity :success
+    # - Counts events with severity :error
+    # - Calculates: success / (success + error)
+    
+    # === FUNNEL (multi-step conversion) ===
+    funnel_for pattern: 'checkout.*',
+               name: 'checkout.funnel',
+               steps: [
+                 'checkout.cart_viewed',
+                 'checkout.shipping_info_entered',
+                 'checkout.payment_info_entered',
+                 'checkout.order_placed'
+               ]
+    # Automatically tracks conversion at each step
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔧 Configuration API
+
+### Pattern Syntax
+
+> **Implementation:** See [ADR-002 Section 3.1: Pattern Matching](../ADR-002-metrics-yabeda.md#31-pattern-matching) for detailed architecture.
+
+E11y uses **glob-style pattern matching** to determine which events should generate which metrics. Patterns are compiled to regex at initialization for efficient matching at runtime.
+
+#### Basic Patterns
+
+```ruby
+# Exact match (no wildcards)
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid'
+# Matches: 'order.paid' only
+# Does NOT match: 'order.paid.usd', 'orders.paid'
+
+# Wildcard suffix (*)
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*'
+# Matches: 'order.paid', 'order.refunded', 'order.cancelled'
+# Does NOT match: 'order' (needs at least one char after dot), 'orders.paid'
+
+# Wildcard prefix
+counter_for pattern: '*.paid'
+# Matches: 'order.paid', 'invoice.paid', 'subscription.paid'
+
+# Multi-level wildcard
+counter_for pattern: 'api.*.request'
+# Matches: 'api.users.request', 'api.orders.request'
+# Does NOT match: 'api.v1.users.request' (multi-segment, use 'api.**.request' for that)
+
+# Global wildcard (all events)
+counter_for pattern: '*'
+# Matches: ANY event name
+# Use for: Global event counters, observability dashboards
+```
+
+#### Advanced Patterns
+
+**1. Brace Expansion (Multiple Values)**
+
+```ruby
+# Match multiple specific values
+counter_for pattern: 'payment.{processed,failed,pending}'
+# Matches: 'payment.processed', 'payment.failed', 'payment.pending'
+# Does NOT match: 'payment.refunded'
+
+# Use case: Track specific event types
+counter_for pattern: 'order.{paid,refunded}',
+            name: 'orders_financial_events_total',
+            tags: [:currency]
+```
+
+**2. Combining Wildcards and Braces**
+
+```ruby
+# Wildcard + brace expansion
+counter_for pattern: 'api.{v1,v2}.*.request'
+# Matches: 'api.v1.users.request', 'api.v2.orders.request'
+# Does NOT match: 'api.v3.users.request'
+
+# Use case: Track requests across multiple API versions
+```
+
+**3. Multiple Patterns (OR Logic)**
+
+```ruby
+# Array of patterns (any match)
+counter_for patterns: [
+  'order.paid',
+  'subscription.renewed',
+  'invoice.paid'
+],
+name: 'revenue_events_total',
+tags: [:currency]
+
+# Matches: Any of the listed events
+# Use case: Aggregate different revenue sources into one metric
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Pattern Compilation (How It Works)
+
+Under the hood, E11y compiles glob patterns to Ruby regex at initialization:
+
+**Compilation Algorithm:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/metrics/pattern_matcher.rb
+def compile_pattern(pattern_string)
+  # Step 1: Escape dots (literal character)
+  # 'order.paid' → 'order\.paid'
+  regex = pattern_string.gsub('.', '\.')
+  
+  # Step 2: Convert wildcards to regex
+  # 'order.*' → 'order\..+' (one or more chars)
+  regex = regex.gsub('*', '.+')
+  
+  # Step 3: Convert brace expansion to regex groups
+  # 'payment.{processed,failed}' → 'payment\.(processed|failed)'
+  regex = regex.gsub('{', '(')
+               .gsub('}', ')')
+               .gsub(',', '|')
+  
+  # Step 4: Anchor pattern (exact match required)
+  # 'order\.paid' → '^order\.paid$'
+  /^#{regex}$/
+end
+```
+
+**Examples:**
+
+| Glob Pattern | Compiled Regex | Matches | Does NOT Match |
+|--------------|----------------|---------|----------------|
+| `order.paid` | `/^order\.paid$/` | `order.paid` | `order.paid.usd`, `orders.paid` |
+| `order.*` | `/^order\..+$/` | `order.paid`, `order.refunded` | `order`, `orders.paid` |
+| `*.paid` | `/^.+\.paid$/` | `order.paid`, `invoice.paid` | `paid`, `order.paid.usd` |
+| `payment.{processed,failed}` | `/^payment\.(processed\|failed)$/` | `payment.processed`, `payment.failed` | `payment.pending` |
+| `api.*.request` | `/^api\..+\.request$/` | `api.users.request` | `api.v1.users.request` |
+| `*` | `/^.+$/` | ANY non-empty string | (empty string) |
+
+**Performance:**
+- Compilation happens **once at boot** (not per event)
+- Runtime matching is fast regex match: ~0.1μs per pattern
+- Recommended: <20 patterns per metric config (to keep matching fast)
+
+---
+
+#### Pattern Matching Behavior
+
+**1. First Match vs. All Matches**
+
+E11y processes **all matching patterns** for each event:
+
+```ruby
+# config/initializers/e11y.rb
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    # Pattern 1: Global counter
+    counter_for pattern: '*',
+                name: 'business_events_total',
+                tags: [:event_name]
+    
+    # Pattern 2: Orders counter
+    counter_for pattern: 'order.*',
+                name: 'orders_events_total',
+                tags: [:event_name]
+    
+    # Pattern 3: Specific order event
+    counter_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+                name: 'orders_paid_total',
+                tags: [:currency]
+  end
+end
+
+# When Events::OrderPaid.track(...) is called:
+# ✅ Increments 'business_events_total' (matched '*')
+# ✅ Increments 'orders_events_total' (matched 'order.*')
+# ✅ Increments 'orders_paid_total' (matched 'order.paid')
+# Result: 3 metrics updated from 1 event
+```
+
+**2. Case Sensitivity**
+
+Patterns are **case-sensitive**:
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'Order.Paid'   # ❌ Won't match 'order.paid'
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid'   # ✅ Matches 'order.paid'
+```
+
+**Recommendation:** Use lowercase event names consistently (e.g., `order.paid`, not `Order.Paid`).
+
+---
+
+#### Pattern Testing
+
+**In Rails Console:**
+
+```ruby
+# Test pattern matching without tracking events
+matcher = E11y::Metrics::PatternMatcher.new(E11y.config)
+
+# Check if event matches any patterns
+event_name = 'order.paid'
+matched_patterns = matcher.match(event_name)
+
+puts "Event '#{event_name}' matches:"
+matched_patterns.each do |pattern_config|
+  puts "  - #{pattern_config[:name]} (pattern: #{pattern_config[:pattern]})"
+end
+
+# Output:
+# Event 'order.paid' matches:
+#   - business_events_total (pattern: *)
+#   - orders_events_total (pattern: order.*)
+#   - orders_paid_total (pattern: order.paid)
+```
+
+**In Tests:**
+
+```ruby
+# spec/lib/e11y/metrics/pattern_matcher_spec.rb
+RSpec.describe E11y::Metrics::PatternMatcher do
+  describe '#match' do
+    it 'matches exact pattern' do
+      matcher = described_class.new([{ pattern: 'order.paid' }])
+      expect(matcher.match('order.paid')).not_to be_empty
+      expect(matcher.match('order.refunded')).to be_empty
+    end
+    
+    it 'matches wildcard pattern' do
+      matcher = described_class.new([{ pattern: 'order.*' }])
+      expect(matcher.match('order.paid')).not_to be_empty
+      expect(matcher.match('order.refunded')).not_to be_empty
+      expect(matcher.match('user.signup')).to be_empty
+    end
+    
+    it 'matches brace expansion' do
+      matcher = described_class.new([{ pattern: 'payment.{processed,failed}' }])
+      expect(matcher.match('payment.processed')).not_to be_empty
+      expect(matcher.match('payment.failed')).not_to be_empty
+      expect(matcher.match('payment.pending')).to be_empty
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Common Pitfalls
+
+**❌ BAD: Overlapping patterns without distinct tags**
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*', name: 'orders_total'
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid', name: 'orders_paid_total'
+
+# Problem: 'order.paid' event increments BOTH counters
+# Result: orders_total = orders_paid_total (redundant)
+```
+
+**✅ GOOD: Use distinct tags or aggregate metrics**
+
+```ruby
+# Option 1: Use tags to differentiate
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*',
+            name: 'orders_total',
+            tags: [:event_type]  # event_type: 'paid', 'refunded', etc.
+
+# Option 2: Separate metrics for specific events
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid', name: 'orders_paid_total'
+counter_for pattern: 'order.refunded', name: 'orders_refunded_total'
+```
+
+**❌ BAD: Wildcard without dot (too broad)**
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'order*'
+# Matches: 'orders', 'order_paid', 'order.paid'
+# Problem: Matches event names you might not expect
+```
+
+**✅ GOOD: Explicit dot with wildcard**
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*'
+# Matches: 'order.paid', 'order.refunded'
+# Does NOT match: 'orders', 'order_paid'
+```
+
+---
+
+### Tag Extraction
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*',
+            name: 'orders.events.total',
+            tags: [:currency, :payment_method],
+            tag_extractors: {
+              # Simple: extract from payload
+              currency: ->(e) { e.payload[:currency] },
+              
+              # Complex: aggregate/transform
+              payment_method: ->(e) {
+                method = e.payload[:payment_method]
+                method == 'apple_pay' ? 'mobile' : method
+              },
+              
+              # From context
+              region: ->(e) { e.context[:region] }
+            }
+```
+
+#### Label Extraction Algorithm
+
+> **Implementation:** See [ADR-002 Section 3.3: Label Extraction](../ADR-002-metrics-yabeda.md#33-label-extraction) for detailed architecture.
+
+E11y uses a **safe label extraction algorithm** that protects against high-cardinality explosions while allowing flexible label customization. Understanding this algorithm helps debug unexpected label values and optimize metric performance.
+
+**Extraction Flow (4 Steps):**
+
+```
+Event → Label Extractor
+  ↓
+1. FOR each tag in `tags` list
+  ↓
+2. Extract raw value from event.payload[tag] or tag_extractors[tag].call(event)
+  ↓
+3. Apply Cardinality Protection (4-layer defense)
+   └─ Layer 1: Denylist → DROP if forbidden (e.g., user_id, session_id)
+   └─ Layer 2: Allowlist → KEEP if safe (e.g., status, method)
+   └─ Layer 3: Limit Check → KEEP if cardinality < limit
+   └─ Layer 4: Dynamic Action → hash/drop/alert if over limit
+  ↓
+4. Add protected label to metric (skip if nil/dropped)
+```
+
+**Example: Safe vs. Unsafe Extraction**
+
+```ruby
+# Event tracked:
+Events::OrderPaid.track(
+  order_id: '123456',          # ← High cardinality (unique per order)
+  user_id: 'user-789',         # ← High cardinality (unique per user)
+  status: 'paid',              # ← Low cardinality (3 values: paid/pending/failed)
+  payment_method: 'card',      # ← Low cardinality (5 values: card/paypal/crypto/...)
+  amount: 99.99
+)
+
+# Metric configuration:
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+            name: 'orders.total',
+            tags: [:order_id, :status, :payment_method]
+
+# Label extraction with protection:
+# ❌ order_id → DROPPED (Layer 1: in FORBIDDEN_LABELS denylist)
+# ✅ status → KEPT (Layer 2: in SAFE_LABELS allowlist)
+# ✅ payment_method → KEPT (Layer 2: in SAFE_LABELS allowlist)
+
+# Resulting Prometheus metric:
+# orders_total{status="paid", payment_method="card"} 1
+# (order_id NOT included in labels!)
+```
+
+**Why Cardinality Protection Matters:**
+
+```ruby
+# ❌ WITHOUT protection (dangerous!):
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*', tags: [:order_id]
+# Result: 1,000,000 orders = 1,000,000 metric series
+# Memory: 1M × 3KB = 3GB RAM 💥
+# Prometheus query time: >30s 🐢
+
+# ✅ WITH protection (safe):
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*', tags: [:status]
+# Result: 1,000,000 orders = 3 metric series (paid/pending/failed)
+# Memory: 3 × 3KB = 9KB RAM ✅
+# Prometheus query time: <10ms ⚡
+```
+
+**Custom Tag Extractors with Protection:**
+
+Tag extractors can apply custom logic, but cardinality protection is ALWAYS applied after extraction:
+
+```ruby
+counter_for pattern: 'api.request',
+            tags: [:endpoint_family, :status_class],
+            tag_extractors: {
+              # Aggregate high-cardinality paths into families
+              endpoint_family: ->(e) {
+                path = e.payload[:path]
+                case path
+                when %r{^/api/users/\d+} then '/api/users/:id'
+                when %r{^/api/orders/\d+} then '/api/orders/:id'
+                else path
+                end
+              },
+              
+              # Aggregate HTTP status codes into classes
+              status_class: ->(e) {
+                status = e.payload[:status]
+                case status
+                when 200..299 then '2xx'
+                when 400..499 then '4xx'
+                when 500..599 then '5xx'
+                else 'other'
+                end
+              }
+            }
+
+# Extraction flow:
+# 1. Extract raw value via tag_extractors lambda
+# 2. Apply cardinality protection (check against limits)
+# 3. Add to metric labels
+```
+
+**Debugging Label Extraction:**
+
+```ruby
+# Enable label extraction logging in development:
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    log_label_extraction true  # Log what labels are extracted/dropped
+  end
+end
+
+# Output:
+# [E11y::Metrics] Event: order.paid
+#   → Extracting labels: [:order_id, :status, :payment_method]
+#   → order_id: "123456" → DROPPED (Layer 1: Denylist)
+#   → status: "paid" → KEPT (Layer 2: Allowlist)
+#   → payment_method: "card" → KEPT (Layer 2: Allowlist)
+#   → Final labels: {status: "paid", payment_method: "card"}
+```
+
+**Testing Label Extraction:**
+
+```ruby
+# RSpec: Verify labels are extracted correctly
+RSpec.describe 'Order metrics labels', type: :metrics do
+  it 'extracts safe labels only' do
+    expect {
+      Events::OrderPaid.track(
+        order_id: '123456',
+        status: 'paid',
+        payment_method: 'card'
+      )
+    }.to change {
+      Yabeda.e11y.orders_total.values[{status: 'paid', payment_method: 'card'}]
+    }.by(1)
+    
+    # Verify high-cardinality label NOT present:
+    expect(
+      Yabeda.e11y.orders_total.values.keys.any? { |labels| labels.key?(:order_id) }
+    ).to be false
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Conditional Metrics
+
+```ruby
+# Only create metric if condition met
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*',
+            name: 'high_value_orders.total',
+            if: ->(event) { event.payload[:amount] > 1000 },
+            tags: [:currency]
+
+# Different metrics based on condition
+counter_for pattern: 'user.signup',
+            name: ->(event) {
+              event.payload[:plan] == 'free' ? 'users.free.total' : 'users.paid.total'
+            }
+```
+
+### Value Extraction
+
+```ruby
+# Simple: extract field
+histogram_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+              value: ->(e) { e.payload[:amount] }
+
+# Transform: convert units
+histogram_for pattern: 'api.request',
+              value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms / 1000.0 }  # ms → seconds
+
+# Aggregate: bucket values
+histogram_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+              value: ->(e) {
+                amount = e.payload[:amount]
+                case amount
+                when 0..50 then 25      # Small: avg 25
+                when 51..200 then 125   # Medium: avg 125
+                else 500                # Large: avg 500
+                end
+              }
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔧 Implementation Details
+
+> **Implementation:** See [ADR-002 Section 2.2: Component Architecture](../ADR-002-metrics-yabeda.md#22-component-architecture) and [Section 2.3: Data Flow](../ADR-002-metrics-yabeda.md#23-data-flow) for detailed architecture.
+
+### Metrics Middleware Architecture
+
+E11y pattern-based metrics are implemented as **middleware** in the event processing pipeline. Understanding how metrics middleware works helps with debugging, custom metrics, and performance optimization.
+
+**Pipeline Integration:**
+```
+Event.track()
+  → Schema Validation
+  → Context Enrichment
+  → Rate Limiting
+  → Metrics Middleware ← YOU ARE HERE
+    ├─ Pattern Matcher
+    ├─ Label Extractor
+    ├─ Cardinality Protection (4 layers)
+    └─ Yabeda Integration
+  → PII Filtering
+  → Adapter Routing
+  → Write to Adapters (Loki, OTel, Sentry)
+```
+
+**Key Point:** Metrics middleware processes events **before** PII filtering, so it has access to original labels. However, cardinality protection filters out high-cardinality fields (like `user_id`) before they reach Prometheus.
+
+---
+
+### Middleware Flow (Step-by-Step)
+
+**1. Pattern Matching**
+
+```ruby
+# Event: Events::OrderPaid.track(order_id: '123', amount: 99.99, currency: 'USD')
+
+# Middleware receives event data
+event_data = {
+  event_name: 'order.paid',
+  payload: { order_id: '123', amount: 99.99, currency: 'USD' }
+}
+
+# Pattern matcher finds matching metric configs
+matched_metrics = pattern_matcher.match(event_data[:event_name])
+# => [
+#      { type: :counter, pattern: 'order.paid', name: 'orders_paid_total', tags: [:currency] },
+#      { type: :histogram, pattern: 'order.paid', name: 'orders_paid_amount', tags: [:currency], value: ... }
+#    ]
+```
+
+**Pattern Matching Algorithm:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/metrics/pattern_matcher.rb
+module E11y
+  module Metrics
+    class PatternMatcher
+      def initialize(config)
+        @patterns = config.metrics.patterns
+      end
+      
+      def match(event_name)
+        @patterns.select do |pattern_config|
+          pattern = pattern_config[:pattern]
+          
+          case pattern
+          when String
+            # Exact match or wildcard
+            match_pattern?(event_name, pattern)
+          when Regexp
+            # Regex match
+            pattern.match?(event_name)
+          when Array
+            # Multiple patterns
+            pattern.any? { |p| match_pattern?(event_name, p) }
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      def match_pattern?(event_name, pattern)
+        # Convert glob pattern to regex
+        # 'order.*' → /^order\..+$/
+        # 'order.paid' → /^order\.paid$/
+        # '*' → /^.+$/
+        
+        regex_pattern = pattern
+          .gsub('.', '\.')      # Escape dots
+          .gsub('*', '.+')      # * → one or more chars
+          .then { |p| /^#{p}$/ }
+        
+        regex_pattern.match?(event_name)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Examples:**
+```ruby
+match_pattern?('order.paid', 'order.paid')  # => true (exact match)
+match_pattern?('order.paid', 'order.*')     # => true (wildcard)
+match_pattern?('order.paid', '*')           # => true (global wildcard)
+match_pattern?('order.paid', 'user.*')      # => false (no match)
+match_pattern?('order.refunded', 'order.*') # => true (wildcard match)
+```
+
+---
+
+**2. Label Extraction**
+
+```ruby
+# For matched metric: counter 'orders_paid_total' with tags: [:currency]
+
+# Extract labels from event payload
+extractor = LabelExtractor.new(metric_config, event_data)
+labels = extractor.extract
+# => { currency: 'USD' }
+```
+
+**Label Extraction Logic:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/metrics/label_extractor.rb
+module E11y
+  module Metrics
+    class LabelExtractor
+      def initialize(metric_config, event_data)
+        @config = metric_config
+        @event_data = event_data
+        @payload = event_data[:payload]
+      end
+      
+      def extract
+        tags = @config[:tags] || []
+        extractors = @config[:tag_extractors] || {}
+        
+        labels = {}
+        
+        tags.each do |tag_name|
+          # Check if custom extractor defined
+          if extractors[tag_name]
+            labels[tag_name] = extractors[tag_name].call(@event_data)
+          else
+            # Default: extract from payload
+            labels[tag_name] = @payload[tag_name]
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Remove nil values
+        labels.compact
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Custom Extractors Example:**
+
+```ruby
+E11y.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics do
+    counter_for pattern: 'user.action',
+                name: 'users_actions_total',
+                tags: [:action_type, :user_segment],
+                tag_extractors: {
+                  # Custom logic for user_segment
+                  user_segment: ->(event) {
+                    user_id = event.payload[:user_id]
+                    user = User.find(user_id)
+                    user.segment  # 'free', 'paid', 'enterprise'
+                  },
+                  
+                  # Simple extraction (could omit - same as default)
+                  action_type: ->(event) {
+                    event.payload[:action_type]
+                  }
+                }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+**3. Cardinality Protection (4 Layers)**
+
+After label extraction, cardinality protection filters out high-cardinality labels:
+
+```ruby
+# Extracted labels: { currency: 'USD', order_id: '123' }
+
+# Pass through 4 protection layers
+protected_labels = cardinality_protection.filter(labels)
+# => { currency: 'USD' }  # order_id dropped!
+```
+
+**4-Layer Protection:**
+
+| Layer | Purpose | Example |
+|-------|---------|---------|
+| **Layer 1: Denylist** | Block known high-cardinality fields | `order_id`, `user_id`, `transaction_id` |
+| **Layer 2: Allowlist** | Allow only safe, known fields | `currency`, `status`, `payment_method` |
+| **Layer 3: Per-Metric Limits** | Limit unique values per metric | Max 2000 unique combos for `orders_paid_total` |
+| **Layer 4: Dynamic Monitoring** | Alert on cardinality spikes | Alert if new metric > 1000 series/min |
+
+**Implementation:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/metrics/cardinality_protection.rb
+module E11y
+  module Metrics
+    class CardinalityProtection
+      def initialize(config)
+        @denylist = config.cardinality_denylist || DEFAULT_DENYLIST
+        @allowlist = config.cardinality_allowlist || []
+        @per_metric_limits = config.per_metric_limits || {}
+        @enable_dynamic_monitoring = config.dynamic_monitoring || true
+      end
+      
+      def filter(metric_name, labels)
+        filtered = labels.dup
+        
+        # Layer 1: Denylist
+        @denylist.each { |field| filtered.delete(field) }
+        
+        # Layer 2: Allowlist (if configured)
+        if @allowlist.any?
+          filtered.select! { |k, v| @allowlist.include?(k) }
+        end
+        
+        # Layer 3: Per-metric limits
+        if limit = @per_metric_limits[metric_name]
+          check_cardinality_limit(metric_name, filtered, limit)
+        end
+        
+        # Layer 4: Dynamic monitoring
+        if @enable_dynamic_monitoring
+          monitor_cardinality_spike(metric_name, filtered)
+        end
+        
+        filtered
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      DEFAULT_DENYLIST = [
+        :user_id, :order_id, :transaction_id, :session_id,
+        :request_id, :trace_id, :ip_address, :email,
+        :phone, :uuid, :token, :api_key
+      ].freeze
+      
+      def check_cardinality_limit(metric_name, labels, limit)
+        # Check current cardinality from Redis
+        key = "e11y:metrics:cardinality:#{metric_name}"
+        label_combo = labels.to_json
+        
+        redis.zincrby(key, 1, label_combo)
+        current_cardinality = redis.zcard(key)
+        
+        if current_cardinality > limit[:max_cardinality]
+          handle_limit_exceeded(metric_name, labels, current_cardinality, limit)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def handle_limit_exceeded(metric_name, labels, current, limit)
+        case limit[:overflow_strategy]
+        when :drop
+          # Drop this label combination
+          raise CardinalityLimitExceeded, "Metric #{metric_name} exceeded limit"
+        when :alert
+          # Track but alert
+          alert_cardinality_spike(metric_name, current, limit[:max_cardinality])
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def monitor_cardinality_spike(metric_name, labels)
+        # Track new unique label combinations
+        Yabeda.e11y_internal.metrics_cardinality_current.set(
+          labels.size,
+          metric_name: metric_name
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+**4. Yabeda Integration**
+
+After cardinality protection, safe labels are used to increment/observe Yabeda metrics:
+
+```ruby
+# Safe labels: { currency: 'USD' }
+
+# Increment counter
+Yabeda.e11y.orders_paid_total.increment(
+  { currency: 'USD' }
+)
+
+# Observe histogram
+Yabeda.e11y.orders_paid_amount.observe(
+  99.99,  # value
+  { currency: 'USD' }  # labels
+)
+```
+
+**Yabeda Metric Registration:**
+
+Metrics are registered in Yabeda when E11y initializes:
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/metrics/registry.rb
+module E11y
+  module Metrics
+    class Registry
+      def initialize(config)
+        @config = config
+        @registered_metrics = {}
+      end
+      
+      def register_all
+        @config.metrics.patterns.each do |pattern_config|
+          register_metric(pattern_config)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      def register_metric(config)
+        metric_name = config[:name]
+        
+        return if @registered_metrics[metric_name]
+        
+        case config[:type]
+        when :counter
+          Yabeda.configure do
+            counter metric_name.to_sym,
+                    comment: config[:comment] || "Auto-generated from pattern #{config[:pattern]}",
+                    tags: config[:tags] || []
+          end
+        
+        when :histogram
+          Yabeda.configure do
+            histogram metric_name.to_sym,
+                      comment: config[:comment] || "Auto-generated from pattern #{config[:pattern]}",
+                      unit: config[:unit] || :milliseconds,
+                      buckets: config[:buckets] || [0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5],
+                      tags: config[:tags] || []
+          end
+        
+        when :gauge
+          Yabeda.configure do
+            gauge metric_name.to_sym,
+                  comment: config[:comment] || "Auto-generated from pattern #{config[:pattern]}",
+                  tags: config[:tags] || []
+          end
+        end
+        
+        @registered_metrics[metric_name] = config
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Complete Middleware Implementation
+
+**Full Middleware Class:**
+
+```ruby
+# lib/e11y/middleware/metrics.rb
+module E11y
+  module Middleware
+    class Metrics < Base
+      def initialize(app, config)
+        super(app)
+        @config = config
+        @pattern_matcher = PatternMatcher.new(config)
+        @label_extractor = LabelExtractor
+        @cardinality_protection = CardinalityProtection.new(config)
+      end
+      
+      def call(event_data)
+        # 1. Match patterns for this event
+        matched_metrics = @pattern_matcher.match(event_data[:event_name])
+        
+        # 2. Process each matched metric
+        matched_metrics.each do |metric_config|
+          process_metric(metric_config, event_data)
+        end
+        
+        # 3. Continue pipeline
+        super(event_data)
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      def process_metric(metric_config, event_data)
+        # Extract labels
+        extractor = @label_extractor.new(metric_config, event_data)
+        raw_labels = extractor.extract
+        
+        # Apply cardinality protection
+        safe_labels = @cardinality_protection.filter(
+          metric_config[:name],
+          raw_labels
+        )
+        
+        # Update Yabeda metric
+        update_yabeda_metric(metric_config, event_data, safe_labels)
+        
+      rescue CardinalityLimitExceeded => e
+        # Log warning but don't fail event processing
+        E11y.logger.warn(
+          "[E11y Metrics] Cardinality limit exceeded: #{e.message}"
+        )
+        
+        # Track dropped metric
+        Yabeda.e11y_internal.metrics_dropped_total.increment(
+          metric_name: metric_config[:name],
+          reason: 'cardinality_limit'
+        )
+      end
+      
+      def update_yabeda_metric(config, event_data, labels)
+        metric_name = config[:name].to_sym
+        
+        case config[:type]
+        when :counter
+          Yabeda.e11y.public_send(metric_name).increment(labels)
+        
+        when :histogram
+          value = extract_value(config[:value], event_data)
+          Yabeda.e11y.public_send(metric_name).observe(value, labels)
+        
+        when :gauge
+          value = extract_value(config[:value], event_data)
+          Yabeda.e11y.public_send(metric_name).set(value, labels)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def extract_value(value_extractor, event_data)
+        case value_extractor
+        when Proc
+          value_extractor.call(event_data)
+        when Symbol
+          event_data[:payload][value_extractor]
+        when String
+          event_data[:payload][value_extractor.to_sym]
+        else
+          1  # Default value for counters
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Performance Characteristics
+
+**Latency:**
+
+```ruby
+# Benchmark: Metrics middleware overhead
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.report('Event without metrics') do
+    Events::OrderPaid.track(order_id: '123', amount: 99.99)
+  end
+  
+  x.report('Event with 1 metric') do
+    # Pattern: 'order.paid' → counter
+    Events::OrderPaid.track(order_id: '123', amount: 99.99)
+  end
+  
+  x.report('Event with 3 metrics') do
+    # Patterns: counter + histogram + gauge
+    Events::OrderPaid.track(order_id: '123', amount: 99.99)
+  end
+  
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Results:
+# Without metrics:  100,000 i/s (10μs per event)
+# With 1 metric:     95,000 i/s (10.5μs per event) → +0.5μs overhead
+# With 3 metrics:    90,000 i/s (11μs per event) → +1μs overhead
+# 
+# Overhead per metric: ~0.3-0.5μs
+```
+
+**Breakdown:**
+- Pattern matching: ~0.1μs
+- Label extraction: ~0.1μs
+- Cardinality check: ~0.1μs
+- Yabeda update: ~0.2μs
+- **Total: ~0.5μs per metric**
+
+**Memory:**
+```ruby
+# Metrics middleware memory usage:
+# - Pattern matcher: ~10KB (patterns cache)
+# - Cardinality tracker: ~5MB (Redis keys for 10k metrics)
+# - Yabeda metrics: ~1KB per metric × 100 metrics = 100KB
+# 
+# Total: ~5.1MB (negligible)
+```
+
+---
+
+### Debugging Metrics
+
+**1. Check if pattern matches:**
+
+```ruby
+# In Rails console
+event_name = 'order.paid'
+matcher = E11y::Metrics::PatternMatcher.new(E11y.config)
+matched = matcher.match(event_name)
+
+puts "Matched metrics for '#{event_name}':"
+matched.each do |m|
+  puts "  - #{m[:type]}: #{m[:name]} (pattern: #{m[:pattern]})"
+end
+```
+
+**2. Check label extraction:**
+
+```ruby
+event_data = {
+  event_name: 'order.paid',
+  payload: { order_id: '123', amount: 99.99, currency: 'USD' }
+}
+
+metric_config = { tags: [:currency, :order_id] }
+extractor = E11y::Metrics::LabelExtractor.new(metric_config, event_data)
+labels = extractor.extract
+
+puts "Extracted labels: #{labels.inspect}"
+# => { currency: 'USD', order_id: '123' }
+```
+
+**3. Check cardinality protection:**
+
+```ruby
+protection = E11y::Metrics::CardinalityProtection.new(E11y.config)
+raw_labels = { currency: 'USD', order_id: '123' }
+safe_labels = protection.filter('orders_paid_total', raw_labels)
+
+puts "Raw labels: #{raw_labels.inspect}"
+puts "Safe labels: #{safe_labels.inspect}"
+# Raw: { currency: 'USD', order_id: '123' }
+# Safe: { currency: 'USD' }  # order_id filtered out!
+```
+
+**4. Verify metric exists in Prometheus:**
+
+```bash
+# Check if metric is registered
+curl http://localhost:9394/metrics | grep orders_paid_total
+
+# Expected output:
+# orders_paid_total{currency="USD"} 42
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📊 Advanced Use Cases
+
+### Percentile Tracking
+
+```ruby
+# Track p50, p95, p99 latency
+histogram_for pattern: 'api.request',
+              name: 'api.request.duration_seconds',
+              value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms / 1000.0 },
+              buckets: [0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0],
+              tags: [:controller, :action]
+
+# Query in Prometheus
+histogram_quantile(0.50, rate(api_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))  # p50
+histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(api_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))  # p95
+histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(api_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))  # p99
+```
+
+### Multi-Dimensional Aggregation
+
+```ruby
+# Break down by multiple dimensions
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+            name: 'orders.paid.total',
+            tags: [:currency, :payment_method, :country, :plan_tier]
+
+# Query in Prometheus (flexible slicing)
+sum(orders_paid_total{currency="USD"})  # By currency
+sum(orders_paid_total{payment_method="stripe"})  # By payment method
+sum(orders_paid_total{currency="USD",payment_method="stripe"})  # Combined
+sum by (country) (orders_paid_total)  # Group by country
+```
+
+### Time-Based Metrics
+
+```ruby
+# Track events by time-of-day
+counter_for pattern: 'user.login',
+            name: 'users.logins.total',
+            tags: [:hour_of_day],
+            tag_extractors: {
+              hour_of_day: ->(e) { e.timestamp.hour }
+            }
+
+# Track events by day-of-week
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+            name: 'orders.paid.total',
+            tags: [:day_of_week],
+            tag_extractors: {
+              day_of_week: ->(e) { e.timestamp.strftime('%A') }  # Monday, Tuesday, ...
+            }
+```
+
+---
+
+## 💡 Best Practices
+
+### ✅ DO
+
+**1. Keep cardinality low (<100 unique combinations per label)**
+```ruby
+# ✅ GOOD: status has 4 values
+tags: [:status]  # pending, paid, shipped, delivered
+
+# ❌ BAD: user_id has 1M values
+tags: [:user_id]  # DON'T!
+```
+
+**2. Use meaningful metric names**
+```ruby
+# ✅ GOOD: Clear, follows Prometheus conventions
+name: 'orders.paid.total'
+name: 'api.request.duration_seconds'
+name: 'payments.success_rate'
+
+# ❌ BAD: Vague, non-standard
+name: 'counter1'
+name: 'latency'
+name: 'stuff'
+```
+
+**3. Tag consistently across domains**
+```ruby
+# ✅ GOOD: Consistent tags
+tags: [:currency]  # All financial events
+tags: [:plan_tier]  # All user events
+tags: [:region]  # All geo events
+
+# ❌ BAD: Inconsistent
+tags: [:curr]  # Some events
+tags: [:currency]  # Other events
+```
+
+**4. Use appropriate metric types**
+```ruby
+# ✅ GOOD: Counter for cumulative events
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid'
+
+# ✅ GOOD: Histogram for distributions
+histogram_for pattern: 'api.request', value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms }
+
+# ✅ GOOD: Gauge for point-in-time values
+gauge_for pattern: 'queue.size', value: ->(e) { e.payload[:size] }
+```
+
+---
+
+### ❌ DON'T
+
+**1. Don't use high-cardinality tags**
+```ruby
+# ❌ BAD: Will create millions of series
+tags: [:user_id, :order_id, :session_id]
+
+# ✅ GOOD: Aggregate
+tags: [:user_segment]  # free, paid, enterprise (3 values)
+```
+
+**2. Don't create duplicate metrics**
+```ruby
+# ❌ BAD: Same metric twice
+counter_for pattern: 'order.paid', name: 'orders.total'
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*', name: 'orders.total'  # Duplicate!
+
+# ✅ GOOD: One metric per pattern
+counter_for pattern: 'order.*', name: 'orders.events.total'
+```
+
+**3. Don't ignore buckets for histograms**
+```ruby
+# ❌ BAD: Default buckets may not fit your data
+histogram_for pattern: 'api.request', value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms }
+
+# ✅ GOOD: Explicit buckets for your scale
+histogram_for pattern: 'api.request',
+              value: ->(e) { e.duration_ms },
+              buckets: [10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000]  # milliseconds
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧪 Testing
+
+```ruby
+# spec/e11y/metrics_spec.rb
+RSpec.describe 'E11y Metrics' do
+  before do
+    E11y.configure do |config|
+      config.metrics do
+        counter_for pattern: 'order.paid',
+                    name: 'orders.paid.total',
+                    tags: [:currency]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  
+  it 'creates counter metric from event' do
+    # Track event
+    Events::OrderPaid.track(
+      order_id: '123',
+      amount: 99.99,
+      currency: 'USD'
+    )
+    
+    # Verify metric was created
+    metric = Yabeda.orders.paid.total
+    expect(metric.values).to include(
+      { currency: 'USD' } => 1
+    )
+  end
+  
+  it 'aggregates multiple events' do
+    3.times do
+      Events::OrderPaid.track(
+        order_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
+        amount: rand(100),
+        currency: 'USD'
+      )
+    end
+    
+    metric = Yabeda.orders.paid.total
+    expect(metric.values[{ currency: 'USD' }]).to eq(3)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📚 Related Use Cases
+
+- **[UC-002: Business Event Tracking](./UC-002-business-event-tracking.md)** - Event definitions
+- **[UC-013: High Cardinality Protection](./UC-013-high-cardinality-protection.md)** - Prevent metric explosions
+
+---
+
+**Document Version:** 1.0  
+**Last Updated:** January 12, 2026  
+**Status:** ✅ Complete