crmf 0.1.1 → 0.1.3

data/ext/crlibm-1.0beta5/log_accurate.h

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#include "crlibm.h"
+#include "crlibm_private.h"
+/*
+ * Constant to compute the natural logarithm. 
+ */
+
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+static const db_number 
+  norm_number = {{0x3FD60000, 0x00000000}}; /* 11*2^(-5) */
+#else
+static const db_number 
+  norm_number = {{0x00000000, 0x3FD60000}}; /* 11*2^(-5) */
+#endif
+
+#define SQRT_2 1.4142135623730950489e0 
+
+static const scs 
+   sc_ln2={{0x2c5c85fd, 0x3d1cf79a, 0x2f278ece, 0x1803f2f6, 
+	     0x2bd03cd0, 0x3267298b, 0x18b62834, 0x175b8baa},
+	    DB_ONE,  -1,   1 };
+#define sc_ln2_ptr (scs_ptr)(&sc_ln2)
+
+
+static const scs table_ti[13]=
+/* ~-3.746934e-01 */ 
+{{{0x17fafa3b, 0x360546fb, 0x1e6fdb53, 0x0b1225e6, 
+0x15f38987, 0x26664702, 0x3cb1bf6d, 0x118a64f9},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/* ~-2.876821e-01 */ 
+{{0x12696211, 0x0d36e49e, 0x03beb767, 0x1b02aa70, 
+0x2a30f490, 0x3732bb37, 0x2425c6da, 0x1fc53d0e},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/* ~-2.076394e-01 */ 
+{{0x0d49f69e, 0x115b3c6d, 0x395f53bd, 0x0b901b99, 
+0x2e77188a, 0x3e3d1ab5, 0x1147dede, 0x05483ae4},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/* ~-1.335314e-01 */ 
+{{0x088bc741, 0x04fc8f7b, 0x319c5a0f, 0x38e5bd03, 
+0x31dda8fe, 0x30f08645, 0x2fa1d5c5, 0x02c6529d},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/* ~-6.453852e-02 */ 
+{{0x0421662d, 0x19e3a068, 0x228ff66f, 0x3503372c, 
+0x04bf1b16, 0x0ff1b85c, 0x006c21b2, 0x21a9efd6},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/* ZERO         */
+{{0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
+0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000},
+{{0, 0}},  0,   1 }
+,
+/* ~6.062462e-02 */ 
+{{0x03e14618, 0x008b1533, 0x02f992e2, 0x37759978, 
+0x2634d1d3, 0x13375edb, 0x2e4634ea, 0x1dcf0aef},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.177830e-01 */ 
+{{0x0789c1db, 0x22af2e5e, 0x27aa1fff, 0x21fe9e15, 
+0x176e53af, 0x04015c6b, 0x021a0541, 0x006df1d7},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.718503e-01 */ 
+{{0x0aff9838, 0x14f27a79, 0x039f1050, 0x0e424775, 
+0x3f35571c, 0x355ff008, 0x1ca13efc, 0x3c2c8490},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~2.231436e-01 */ 
+{{0x0e47fbe3, 0x33534435, 0x212ec0f7, 0x25ff7344, 
+0x2571d97a, 0x274129e2, 0x12b111db, 0x2c051568},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~2.719337e-01 */ 
+{{0x11675cab, 0x2ae98380, 0x39cc7d57, 0x041b8b82, 
+0x0fc19f41, 0x0a43c91d, 0x1523ef69, 0x164b69f6},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~3.184537e-01 */ 
+{{0x14618bc2, 0x0717b09f, 0x10b7b37b, 0x0cf1cd10, 
+0x15dcb349, 0x0c00c397, 0x2c39cc9b, 0x274c94a8},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+{{0x1739d7f6, 0x2ef401a7, 0x0e24c53f, 0x2b4fbde5, 
+0x2ab77843, 0x1cea5975, 0x1eeef249, 0x384d2344},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+};
+#define table_ti_ptr      (scs_ptr)&table_ti
+
+static const scs table_inv_wi[13]=
+/* ~1.454545e+00 */ 
+{{{0x00000001, 0x1d1745d1, 0x1d1745d1, 0x1d1745d1, 
+0x1d1745d1, 0x1d1745d1, 0x1d183e2a, 0x36835582},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.333333e+00 */ 
+{{0x00000001, 0x15555555, 0x15555555, 0x15555555, 
+0x15555555, 0x15555555, 0x15549b7e, 0x1a416c6b},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.230769e+00 */ 
+{{0x00000001, 0x0ec4ec4e, 0x313b13b1, 0x0ec4ec4e, 
+0x313b13b1, 0x0ec4ec4e, 0x313a6825, 0x3ab28b77},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.142857e+00 */ 
+{{0x00000001, 0x09249249, 0x09249249, 0x09249249, 
+0x09249249, 0x09249249, 0x09238b74, 0x26f620a6},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.066667e+00 */ 
+{{0x00000001, 0x04444444, 0x11111111, 0x04444444, 
+0x11111111, 0x04444444, 0x1111d60e, 0x1f0c9d58},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~1.000000e+00 */ 
+{{0x00000001, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 
+0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000},
+DB_ONE,   0,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~9.411765e-01 */ 
+{{0x3c3c3c3c, 0x0f0f0f0f, 0x03c3c3c3, 0x30f0f0f0, 
+0x3c3c3c3c, 0x0f0f923d, 0x16e0e0a4, 0x3a84202f},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~8.888889e-01 */ 
+{{0x38e38e38, 0x38e38e38, 0x38e38e38, 0x38e38e38, 
+0x38e38e38, 0x38e3946a, 0x2e0ee2c9, 0x0d6e0fbd},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~8.421053e-01 */ 
+{{0x35e50d79, 0x10d79435, 0x39435e50, 0x35e50d79, 
+0x10d79435, 0x3943324d, 0x0637ea85, 0x131a67ba},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~8.000000e-01 */ 
+{{0x33333333, 0x0ccccccc, 0x33333333, 0x0ccccccc, 
+0x33333333, 0x0ccccccc, 0x33333333, 0x0ccccccc},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~7.619048e-01 */ 
+{{0x30c30c30, 0x30c30c30, 0x30c30c30, 0x30c30c30, 
+0x30c30c30, 0x30c2f1a4, 0x160958a1, 0x2b03bc88},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~7.272727e-01 */ 
+{{0x2e8ba2e8, 0x2e8ba2e8, 0x2e8ba2e8, 0x2e8ba2e8, 
+0x2e8ba2e8, 0x2e8bcb74, 0x2d78b525, 0x00a1db67},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/* ~6.956522e-01 */ 
+{{0x2c8590b2, 0x0590b216, 0x10b21642, 0x321642c8, 
+0x1642c859, 0x02c8590b, 0x08590b21, 0x190b2164},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+};
+#define table_inv_wi_ptr  (scs_ptr)&table_inv_wi
+
+
+static const scs constant_poly[20]=
+/*0 ~-5.023367e-02 */ 
+{{{0x0337074b, 0x275aac5c, 0x2cf4a893, 0x38013cc3, 
+0x149a3416, 0x0e067307, 0x12745608, 0x1658e0d5},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*1 ~5.286469e-02 */ 
+{{0x03622298, 0x252ff65c, 0x03001550, 0x2f457908, 
+0x32f78ecc, 0x17442a4e, 0x1d806366, 0x2c50350e},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*2 ~-5.555504e-02 */ 
+{{0x038e36bb, 0x30665a9c, 0x119434c7, 0x3fdec8cb, 
+0x37dd3adb, 0x2663cd45, 0x230e43e9, 0x32b9663c},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*3 ~5.882305e-02 */ 
+{{0x03c3c1bb, 0x38c473ae, 0x192b9c18, 0x242b7c4e, 
+0x3da8edc8, 0x04454ffe, 0x2cf133c6, 0x0c926fd0},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*4 ~-6.250000e-02 */ 
+{{0x04000000, 0x2b72bb0a, 0x038f5efc, 0x34665092, 
+0x2461b6c9, 0x172f7050, 0x1218b5c1, 0x104862d7},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*5 ~6.666667e-02 */ 
+{{0x04444444, 0x374f3324, 0x1531bcf1, 0x1d7d23fc, 
+0x26ff9670, 0x38fc33ae, 0x15bf1cfb, 0x2c9f1c2d},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*6 ~-7.142857e-02 */ 
+{{0x04924924, 0x2489e5b6, 0x288b19c5, 0x2893519b, 
+0x2c3f35c0, 0x0b8bfdce, 0x3541ab49, 0x1de415bc},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*7 ~7.692308e-02 */ 
+{{0x04ec4ec4, 0x3b0ce4bd, 0x14d14046, 0x0243ade9, 
+0x083cc34f, 0x393e6a5a, 0x2c1855f2, 0x259d599f},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*8 ~-8.333333e-02 */ 
+{{0x05555555, 0x1555565b, 0x064b42af, 0x13bc7961, 
+0x1396754b, 0x33d85415, 0x2ba548d4, 0x039c4ff6},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*9 ~9.090909e-02 */ 
+{{0x05d1745d, 0x05d1751c, 0x24facd05, 0x07540f86, 
+0x014f2ec1, 0x3bb3fa8b, 0x02e1da4c, 0x3304817c},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*10 ~-1.000000e-01 */ 
+{{0x06666666, 0x19999999, 0x21667ee1, 0x0f5f75ea, 
+0x353af37f, 0x2578daa1, 0x07c76f47, 0x16541534},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*11 ~1.111111e-01 */ 
+{{0x071c71c7, 0x071c71c7, 0x03e7af88, 0x2fca5d74, 
+0x0bb43f38, 0x050edb70, 0x3631b696, 0x1fc3e0d3},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*12 ~-1.250000e-01 */ 
+{{0x08000000, 0x00000000, 0x00003ac6, 0x36c11384, 
+0x2d596ab4, 0x09257878, 0x0597dc26, 0x2d60813a},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*13 ~1.428571e-01 */ 
+{{0x09249249, 0x09249249, 0x0924b1db, 0x0d002ac1, 
+0x0eafd708, 0x2b4df21d, 0x0458da93, 0x2d11460c},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*14 ~-1.666667e-01 */ 
+{{0x0aaaaaaa, 0x2aaaaaaa, 0x2aaaaaa9, 0x0bb6630e, 
+0x2e44a5cf, 0x39f32e04, 0x105732b9, 0x01a76208},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*15 ~2.000000e-01 */ 
+{{0x0ccccccc, 0x33333333, 0x0ccccccc, 0x0bbbe6e8, 
+0x253269ea, 0x0ec2a630, 0x10defc5c, 0x238aef3b},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*16 ~-2.500000e-01 */ 
+{{0x10000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x0001195c, 
+0x3654cd5a, 0x16ca3471, 0x343d2da0, 0x235273f2},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*17 ~3.333333e-01 */ 
+{{0x15555555, 0x15555555, 0x15555555, 0x1555a1e0, 
+0x2eb2094a, 0x07dde891, 0x230e2bfa, 0x28aae6ab},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+,
+/*18 ~-5.000000e-01 */ 
+{{0x1fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 
+0x029bd81b, 0x360f63df, 0x28d28bd3, 0x3c15f394},
+DB_ONE,  -1,  -1 } 
+,
+/*19 ~1.000000e+00 */ 
+{{0x3fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 0x3fffffff, 
+0x39e04b7e, 0x08e4e337, 0x1a1e2ed3, 0x23e85705},
+DB_ONE,  -1,   1 } 
+};
+#define constant_poly_ptr (scs_ptr)&constant_poly

data/ext/crlibm-1.0beta5/log_fast.c

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+/*
+ * Correctly rounded logarithm
+ *
+ * Author : Daramy Catherine, Florent de Dinechin
+ *
+ * This file is part of the crlibm library developed by the Arenaire
+ * project at Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
+*/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "crlibm.h"
+#include "crlibm_private.h"
+#include "log_fast.h"
+
+
+/* switches on various printfs. Default 0 */
+#define DEBUG 0
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ *  1) First reduction: exponent extraction      
+ *         E  
+ *  x = 2^   .(y)    with  1 <= y < 2
+ *
+ *  log(x) = E.log(2) + log(y) where:
+ *     - log(2)   is tabulated
+ *     - log(y) need to be evaluated 
+ *  
+ *
+ *  2) Avoiding accuracy problem when E=-1 by testing
+ *   
+ *    if (ny >= sqrt(2)) then 
+ *        y = z/2;  E = E+1; 
+ *    and,
+ *        log(x) = (E+1).log(2) + log(y/2)
+ *
+ *    so now:    11/16 <= sqrt(2)/2 <= y < sqrt(2) <= 23/16
+ *
+ *
+ *  3) Second reduction: tabular reduction
+ *                    
+ *     The interval 1/sqrt(2) .. sqrt(2) is divided in 8 intervals.                                 
+ *     So, find the interval X_i where y is.
+ *     And compute z = y - middle(X_i);
+ *                                    
+ *  4) Computation:
+ *   
+ *     Polynomial evaluation of:
+ *        - P(z) ~ log(z+middle(X_i))
+ *
+ *                   -4      -5
+ *   with  |z| < 2^   or 2^   depending the considered interval.
+ *
+ *
+ *  5) Reconstruction:
+ *   log(x) = E.log(2) + P(z)
+ *
+ */
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Function used to evaluate log and pow functions
+ */
+void log_quick(double *pres_hi, double *pres_lo, int* prndcstindex, db_number * py, int E) {
+   double ln2_times_E_HI, ln2_times_E_LO, res_hi, res_lo;
+   double z, res, P_hi, P_lo;
+   int k, i;
+   
+    res=(double)E;
+    if(E<0) E=-E;
+
+    /* find the interval including y.d */
+    i = ((((*py).i[HI] & 0x001F0000)>>16)-6) ;
+    if (i < 10)
+      i = i>>1;
+    else
+      i = ((i-1)>>1);
+    
+    z = (*py).d - (middle[i]).d;  /* (exact thanks to Sterbenz Lemma) */
+    
+
+    /* Compute ln2_times_E = E*log(2)   in double-double */
+    Add12( ln2_times_E_HI, ln2_times_E_LO, res*ln2hi.d, res*ln2lo.d); 
+
+    /* Now begin the polynomial evaluation of log(1 + z)      */
+
+    res = (Poly_h[i][DEGREE]).d;
+
+    for(k=DEGREE-1; k>1; k--){
+      res *= z;
+      res += (Poly_h[i][k]).d;
+    }
+
+    if(E <=  EMIN_FASTPATH) {
+      /* Slow path */
+      if(E==0) {
+	*prndcstindex = 0 ;
+	/* In this case we start with a double-double multiplication to get enough relative accuracy */ 
+	Mul12(&P_hi, &P_lo, res, z); 
+	Add22(&res_hi, &res_lo, (Poly_h[i][1]).d,  (Poly_l[i][1]).d, P_hi, P_lo);
+	Mul22(&P_hi, &P_lo, res_hi, res_lo, z, 0.); 
+	Add22(pres_hi, pres_lo, (Poly_h[i][0]).d, (Poly_l[i][0]).d, P_hi, P_lo);
+      } 
+      else
+	{
+	  if(E >  EMIN_MEDIUMPATH)
+	    *prndcstindex = 2; 
+	  else 
+	    *prndcstindex =1;
+	  P_hi=res*z;
+	  Add12(res_hi, res_lo, (Poly_h[i][1]).d,  (Poly_l[i][1]).d + P_hi);
+	  Mul22(&P_hi, &P_lo, res_hi, res_lo, z, 0.); 
+	  Add22(&res_hi, &res_lo, (Poly_h[i][0]).d, (Poly_l[i][0]).d, P_hi, P_lo);
+
+	/* Add E*log(2)  */
+	  Add22(pres_hi, pres_lo, ln2_times_E_HI, ln2_times_E_LO, res_hi, res_lo);
+	}
+    }
+    else { /* Fast path */
+      
+      *prndcstindex = 3 ;
+      res =   z*((Poly_h[i][1]).d + z*res);
+#if 1
+      Add12(P_hi,P_lo,  ln2_times_E_HI, (Poly_h[i][0]).d );
+      Add12(*pres_hi, *pres_lo, P_hi, (res + ((Poly_l[i][0]).d + (ln2_times_E_LO + P_lo))));
+#else
+      Add12(*pres_hi, *pres_lo, 
+	    ln2_times_E_HI,  
+	    (Poly_h[i][0]).d + (res + ((Poly_l[i][0]).d + ln2_times_E_LO)));
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+/*************************************************************
+ *************************************************************
+ *               ROUNDED  TO NEAREST			     *
+ *************************************************************
+ *************************************************************/
+ double log_rn(double x){ 
+   db_number y;
+   double res_hi,res_lo,roundcst;
+   int E,rndcstindex;
+
+   E=0;
+   y.d=x;
+
+   /* Filter cases */
+   if (y.i[HI] < 0x00100000){        /* x < 2^(-1022)    */
+     if (((y.i[HI] & 0x7fffffff)|y.i[LO])==0){
+       return -1.0/0.0;     
+     }                    		   /* log(+/-0) = -Inf */
+     if (y.i[HI] < 0){ 
+       return (x-x)/0;                      /* log(-x) = Nan    */
+     }
+     /* Subnormal number */
+     E = -52; 		
+     y.d *= two52.d; 	  /* make x a normal number    */ 
+   }
+    
+   if (y.i[HI] >= 0x7ff00000){
+     return  x+x;				 /* Inf or Nan       */
+   }
+   
+   /* reduce to  y.d such that sqrt(2)/2 < y.d < sqrt(2) */
+   E += (y.i[HI]>>20)-1023;				/* extract the exponent */
+   y.i[HI] =  (y.i[HI] & 0x000fffff) | 0x3ff00000;	/* do exponent = 0 */
+   if (y.d > SQRT_2){
+     y.d *= 0.5;
+     E++;
+   }
+
+   /* Call the actual computation */
+   log_quick(&res_hi, &res_lo, &rndcstindex, &y, E);
+   roundcst = rncst[rndcstindex];
+
+  /* Test for rounding to the nearest */
+  if(res_hi == (res_hi + (res_lo * roundcst)))
+    return res_hi;
+  else {
+    scs_t res;
+#if DEBUG
+    printf("Going for Accurate Phase for x=%1.50e\n",x);
+#endif
+    scs_log(res, y, E);
+    scs_get_d(&res_hi, res);
+    return res_hi;
+  }
+ }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+/*************************************************************
+ *************************************************************
+ *               ROUNDED  TOWARD  -INFINITY		     *
+ *************************************************************
+ *************************************************************/
+ double log_rd(double x){ 
+   db_number y;
+   double res_hi,res_lo,roundcst;
+   int E,rndcstindex;
+   scs_t res;
+
+   E=0;
+   y.d=x;
+
+ /* Filter cases */
+   if (y.i[HI] < 0x00100000){        /* x < 2^(-1022)    */
+     if (((y.i[HI] & 0x7fffffff)|y.i[LO])==0){
+       return -1.0/0.0;     
+     }                    		   /* log(+/-0) = -Inf */
+     if (y.i[HI] < 0){ 
+      return (x-x)/0;                      /* log(-x) = Nan    */
+     }
+     /* Subnormal number */
+     E = -52; 		
+     y.d *= two52.d; 	  /* make x as normal number = x's mantissa    */ 
+   }
+    
+   if (y.i[HI] >= 0x7ff00000){
+     return  x+x;				    /* Inf or Nan       */
+   }
+
+   /* The only double whose log is exactly a double */
+   if(x==1.0) return 0.0; 
+ 
+   E += (y.i[HI]>>20)-1023;				/* extract the exponent */
+   y.i[HI] =  (y.i[HI] & 0x000fffff) | 0x3ff00000;	/* do exponent = 0 */
+   if (y.d > SQRT_2){
+     y.d *= 0.5;
+     E++;
+   }
+
+   log_quick(&res_hi, &res_lo, &rndcstindex, &y, E);
+   roundcst = epsilon[rndcstindex];
+   
+   TEST_AND_RETURN_RD(res_hi, res_lo, roundcst);
+
+   /* if the previous block didn't return a value, launch accurate phase */
+#if DEBUG
+   printf("Going for Accurate Phase");
+#endif
+   scs_log(res, y, E);
+   scs_get_d_minf(&res_hi, res);
+   return res_hi;
+ 
+ }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+/*************************************************************
+ *************************************************************
+ *               ROUNDED  TOWARD  +INFINITY		     *
+ *************************************************************
+ *************************************************************/
+double log_ru(double x){ 
+   db_number y;
+   double res_hi,res_lo,roundcst;
+   int E,rndcstindex;
+   scs_t res;
+
+   E=0;
+   y.d=x;
+
+ /* Filter cases */
+   if (y.i[HI] < 0x00100000){        /* x < 2^(-1022)    */
+     if (((y.i[HI] & 0x7fffffff)|y.i[LO])==0){
+       return -1.0/0.0;     
+     }                    		   /* log(+/-0) = -Inf */
+     if (y.i[HI] < 0){ 
+      return (x-x)/0;                      /* log(-x) = Nan    */
+     }
+     /* Subnormal number */
+     E = -52; 		
+     y.d *= two52.d; 	  /* make x as normal number = x's mantissa    */ 
+   }
+    
+   if (y.i[HI] >= 0x7ff00000){
+     return  x+x;				    /* Inf or Nan       */
+   }
+
+   /* The only double whose log is exactly a double */
+   if(x==1.0) return 0.0;   
+
+   E += (y.i[HI]>>20)-1023;				/* extract the exponent */
+   y.i[HI] =  (y.i[HI] & 0x000fffff) | 0x3ff00000;	/* do exponent = 0 */
+   if (y.d > SQRT_2){
+     y.d *= 0.5;
+     E++;
+   }
+
+   log_quick(&res_hi, &res_lo, &rndcstindex, &y, E);
+   roundcst = epsilon[rndcstindex];
+
+
+   TEST_AND_RETURN_RU(res_hi, res_lo, roundcst);
+
+   /* if the previous block didn't return a value, launch accurate phase */
+#if DEBUG
+   printf("Going for Accurate Phase");
+#endif
+   scs_log(res, y, E);
+   scs_get_d_pinf(&res_hi, res);
+   return res_hi;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+/*************************************************************
+ *************************************************************
+ *               ROUNDED  TOWARD  ZERO		     *
+ *************************************************************
+ *************************************************************/
+double log_rz(double x){ 
+  if(x>1)
+    return log_rd(x);
+  else
+    return log_ru(x);
+}