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-      string: '{"id":"4e4bf150-751f-4245-b4ca-fe69e3c3bb24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/hke8v-d1e66","url":"https://svpow.com/2023/06/09/new-paper-curtice-et-al-2023-on-the-first-haplocanthosaurus-from-dry-mesa","title":"New
-        paper: Curtice et al. (2023) on the first Haplocanthosaurus from Dry Mesa","summary":"<em>Haplocanthosaurus</em>
-        tibiae and dorsal vertebrae. Curtice et al. (2023: fig. 1).  Brian Curtice
-        and Colin Boisvert are presenting our talk on this project at 2:00 pm MDT
-        this afternoon, at the 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and
-        Biota (MTE14) in Salt Lake City, and the related paper is in the MTE14 volume
-        in The Anatomical Record.","content_html":"\n<div><a href=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg\"><img
-        src=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=480\"
-        width=\"480\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=480
-        480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=958
-        958w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=150
-        150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=300
-        300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=768
-        768w\" /></a><p><em>Haplocanthosaurus</em> tibiae and dorsal vertebrae. Curtice
-        et al. (2023: fig. 1).</p></div>\n<p>Brian Curtice and Colin Boisvert are
-        presenting our talk on this project at 2:00 pm MDT this afternoon, at the
-        14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE14) in Salt
-        Lake City, and the related paper is in the MTE14 volume in The Anatomical
-        Record. Here’s the citation and a direct link to the paper:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/curtice-et-al-2023-haplocanthosaurus-from-dry-mesa.pdf\">Curtice,
-        B., Wedel, M.J., Wilhite, D.R., and Boisvert, C. 2023. New material of <em>Haplocanthosaurus</em>
-        (Hatcher 1903) from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry and a comment on sauropod
-        diversity. In Hunt-Foster, R.K., Kirkland, J.I., and Loewen, M.A. (eds), 14th
-        Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record
-        306(S1):79-81.</a></p>\n<p>This one is exciting to me for several reasons,
-        both personal and scientific. I’ve been friends with Brian Curtice and Ray
-        Wilhite since the late 90s, but I’ve never published with them before now.
-        It’s nice to have Colin Boisvert on board as well — he’s working on his Master’s
-        at BYU, just like Brian and Ray did back when, and he’s a keen observer of
-        the sauropod scene.</p>\n<p>Turning to the science, the number of known <em>Haplo</em>
-        individuals in the entire Morrison is small, probably fewer than a dozen,
-        so any new <em>Haplo</em> material is nice to get. Also, Dry Mesa is a big,
-        famous, productive, diverse quarry, and having <em>Haplo</em> in that quarry
-        is interesting and important. </p>\n<p>But to me the most exciting thing about
-        this is that Dry Mesa now has the highest diversity of sauropod genera of
-        any locality in the world. At least six valid, impossible-to-confuse sauropod
-        genera are known from Dry Mesa (listed alphabetically here; we provide specimen
-        numbers of diagnostic elements for each genus in the paper):</p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Apatosaurus</em></li>\n<li><em>Brachiosaurus</em></li>\n<li><em>Camarasaurus</em></li>\n<li><em>Diplodocus</em></li>\n<li><em>Haplocanthosaurus</em></li>\n<li><em>Supersaurus</em></li>\n</ol>\n<div><a
-        href=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg\"><img
-        src=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=480\"
-        width=\"480\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=480
-        480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=960
-        960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=150
-        150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=300
-        300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=768
-        768w\" /></a><p>BYU 12613, a posterior cervical of a diplodocid, in dorsal
-        (top), left lateral (left), and posterior (right) views. The centrum length
-        is 270 mm, compared to 642 mm for C14 of <em>D. carnegii</em>. Wedel and Taylor
-        (2013), Figure 7.</p></div>\n<p>Alert readers may also recall BYU 12613, a
-        posterior cervical that Mike and I called <em>Diplodocus</em> in our 2013
-        neural spine bifurcation paper, but which may actually pertain to <em>Kaatedocus</em>.
-        All the <em>Diplodocus</em> material from Dry Mesa is small, and I’m not at
-        all confident that I could tell small <em>Diplodocus</em> vertebrae from <em>Kaatedocus</em>,
-        so out of an abundance of caution we’re calling it all <em>Diplodocus</em>
-        for the purposes of counting genera.</p>\n<div><a href=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg\"><img
-        src=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=480\"
-        width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=480
-        480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=960
-        960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=150
-        150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=300
-        300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=768
-        768w\" /></a><p>BYU 11617, which sure as heck looks like <em>Barosaurus</em>
-        to me, with a loooong swoopy centrum, big posterolateral flanges, and prezygs
-        that overhang the condyle.</p></div>\n<p>There are also vertebrae in the quarry
-        that I’ve always considered to belong to <em>Barosaurus</em>, like BYU 11617
-        from <a href=\"https://svpow.com/2016/05/17/whats-up-with-your-irregular-ventral-ridges-diplodocines/\">this
-        post</a>. If Brian Curtice is right about BYU 9024 (<a href=\"https://svpow.com/2016/09/16/how-horrifying-was-the-neck-of-barosaurus/\">this
-        monster</a>) belonging to <em>Supersaurus</em> rather than <em>Barosaurus</em>,
-        then I’m no longer certain that we can distinguish <em>Supes</em> and <em>Baro</em>
-        based on cervical vertebrae. So maybe those <em>Baro</em> verts actually belong
-        to <em>Supersaurus</em>. But if they don’t — or if BYU 9024 itself belong
-        to <em>Barosaurus</em>, as Mike and I have argued (in <a href=\"http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/pubs/svpca2016/TaylorWedel2016-how-big-did-barosaurus-get.pdf\">our
-        2016 SVPCA talk</a>, and <a href=\"https://svpow.com/2019/06/15/supersaurus-ultrasaurus-and-dystylosaurus-in-2019-part-2-what-we-found-in-utah/\">this
-        post</a> and <a href=\"https://svpow.com/2019/06/16/supersaurus-ultrasaurus-and-dystylosaurus-in-2019-part-2b-the-size-of-the-byu-9024-animal/\">this
-        post</a>) — then <em>Barosaurus</em> is a seventh sauropod genus from Dry
-        Mesa.</p>\n<p>The high sauropod diversity at Dry Mesa is exciting for a couple
-        of reasons. One, it emphasizes the ridiculous productivity of the Morrison
-        paleoenvironment. Yes, there were droughts and fires and landslides and whatnot
-        — at least periodically, even at Dry Mesa (Richmond and Morris 1998). But
-        there was also an environment — or rather, a series of environments — fecund
-        enough to support many coexisting genera of whale-sized herbivores. That’s
-        part of the Morrison story, too.</p>\n<p>And two, this is relevant to the
-        “problem” of Morrison sauropod diversity — the idea that there are just too
-        darned many sauropods in the Morrison, no environment could have supported
-        so many, and therefore Morrison sauropod taxonomy has to be messed up, buncha
-        dumb paleontologists oversplitting genera and species because they don’t know
-        any better. (For more on this idea, see Darren’s brilliant series of posts
-        at Tetrapod Zoology; the concluding post, with links to all the rest, is <a
-        href=\"https://tetzoo.com/blog/2020/5/20/stop-saying-that-there-are-too-many-sauropod-dinosaurs-part-8-the-last-part\">here</a>.)</p>\n<p>I
-        put “problem” in scare quotes because I think it’s illusory. In addition to
-        Dry Mesa with its six or seven sauropod genera, there are a handful of Morrison
-        localities with five sauropod genera, more with four, and gobs with three.
-        Not surprisingly, the diverse localities tend to be the big ones, which at
-        least hints that more quarries would have more sauropods if they were bigger
-        — maybe only the biggest quarries did a decent job of capturing the diversity
-        of sauropods on the landscape.</p>\n<div><a href=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg\"><img
-        src=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=480\"
-        width=\"480\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=480
-        480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=960
-        960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=150
-        150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=300
-        300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=768
-        768w\" /></a><p><a href=\"https://dontmesswithdinosaurs.com/?p=2397\">Brian
-        Engh’s</a> assemblage of large-bodied Brushy Basin dinos for <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC3aCs5f4-I\">Jurassic
-        Reimagined Part 1</a>. Coincidentally, though, if you swap in <em>Supersaurus</em>
-        for <em>Barosaurus</em> — or maybe just add <em>Supersaurus</em> alongside
-        <em>Barosaurus</em> — you’ll have the known sauropod diversity of the Dry
-        Mesa Dinosaur Quarry.</p></div>\n<p>One you have five or six sauropod genera
-        coexisting closely enough to get buried in the same hole, I think the “problem”
-        of Morrison sauropod diversity goes away. The Morrison Formation outcrops
-        from New Mexico to Canada, from the Oklahoma panhandle and the Black Hills
-        of South Dakota to central Utah, and spans probably 7 or 8 million years.
-        Even four or five distinct habitats or communities across all that space and
-        time (which might be unrealistically conservative — it could easily be several
-        communities at a time, turning over every 2 or 3 million years*), each with
-        four to six sauropod species, gets the species count waaay up there.</p>\n<p>*But
-        wait — doesn’t our figure up top show that <em>Haplocanthosaurus</em> persisted
-        from the lower part of the <a href=\"https://svpow.com/2020/01/29/a-haplocanthosaurus-in-the-salt-wash/\">Salt
-        Wash</a> to the upper part of the Brushy Basin? Sure, but not as the same
-        species right the way through. There were probably something like half a dozen
-        species of haplocanthosaurs in the Morrison — <em>H. priscus</em>, <em>H.
-        delfsi</em>, the as-yet-unnamed-but-definitely-distinct Bilbey <em>Haplo </em>(Bilbey
-        et al. 2000), the as-yet-unnamed-but-definitely-distinct Snowmass <em>Haplo</em>
-        (Foster and Wedel 2014, Wedel et al. 2021), plus I assume a couple more when
-        and if we get better material of the more fragmentary specimens. That would
-        be consistent with the multiple known species of <em>Apatosaurus</em>, <em>Brontosaurus</em>,
-        <em>Camarasaurus</em>, <em>Diplodocus</em>, etc. So sequential communities
-        of Morrison sauropods probably had a lot of the same genera — there’s nearly
-        always a <em>Cam</em> of some kind, some apatosaurine lurking around, etc.
-        — but with different species across time, space, and paleoenvironmental conditions.</p>\n<p>I
-        think a big part of the problem is that it’s (maybe too) easy to think of
-        the Morrison Formation as a single thing — like most formations — and to think
-        that we can hold all of it in our heads at once. But the Morrison is a monster,
-        more comparable to a group than to other formations, and not really comparable
-        to any other dinosaur-bearing formation in terms of extent, productivity,
-        and likely diversity of environments and habitats. (For an overview of Morrison
-        environments through time, see <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC3aCs5f4-I\">Jurassic
-        Reimagined Part 1</a>.)</p>\n<p>So, yeah. Morrison sauropod diversity was
-        high, and we just have to deal with that. Plus, hey, now we have more <em>Haplo</em>
-        to play with. Happy days all around!</p>\n<h2>References</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilbey,
-        S.A., Hall, J.E., and Hall, D.A. 2000. Preliminary results on a new haplocanthosaurid
-        sauropod dinosaur from the lower Morrison Formation of northeastern Utah.
-        Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(supp. to no. 3): 30A.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/foster-and-wedel-2014-haplocanthosaurus-from-snowmass-colorado.pdf\">Foster,
-        J.R., and Wedel, M.J. 2014. <i>Haplocanthosaurus </i>(Saurischia: Sauropoda)
-        from the lower Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near Snowmass, Colorado. Volumina
-        Jurassica 12(2): 197–210. DOI: 10.5604/17313708 .1130144</a></li>\n<li>Richmond,
-        D.R., and Morris, T.H. 1998. Stratigraphy and cataclysmic deposition of the
-        Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado. Modern Geology 22:121-143.</li>\n<li><a
-        href=\"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-taylor-2013-neural-spine-bifurcation-in-sauropods.pdf\">Wedel,
-        Mathew J., and Michael P. Taylor. 2013. Neural spine bifurcation in sauropod
-        dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation: ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications. <em>Palarch’s
-        Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology</em> <strong>10(1)</strong>:1-34. ISSN
-        1567-2158.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2022/03/wedel-et-al-2021-expanded-neural-canals-in-caudal-vertebrae-of-haplocanthosaurus.pdf\">Wedel,
-        Mathew; Atterholt, Jessie; Dooley, Jr., Alton C.; Farooq, Saad; Macalino,
-        Jeff; Nalley, Thierra K.; Wisser, Gary; and Yasmer, John. 2021. Expanded neural
-        canals in the caudal vertebrae of a specimen of <em>Haplocanthosaurus</em>.
-        Academia Letters, Article 911, 10pp. DOI: 10.20935/AL911</a></li>\n</ul>\n","published_at":1686340463,"updated_at":1686340463,"indexed_at":1688982864,"authors":[{"url":null,"name":"Matt
-        Wedel"}],"image":"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=480","tags":["MTE14","Barosaurus","Cervical","Conferences","Diplodocids"],"language":"en","reference":[{"key":"ref1","url":"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/foster-and-wedel-2014-haplocanthosaurus-from-snowmass-colorado.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","url":"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-taylor-2013-neural-spine-bifurcation-in-sauropods.pdf"},{"key":"ref3","url":"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2022/03/wedel-et-al-2021-expanded-neural-canals-in-caudal-vertebrae-of-haplocanthosaurus.pdf"}],"relationships":[],"blog_id":"dkvra02","blog_name":"Sauropod
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+        Vertebra Picture of the Week","use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"04d03585-c8bb-40f2-9619-5076a5e0aed2","version":"https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1"},"blog_name":"Sauropod
+        Vertebra Picture of the Week","blog_slug":"svpow","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/hke8v-d1e66","id":"4e4bf150-751f-4245-b4ca-fe69e3c3bb24","image":"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=480","indexed_at":1688982864,"language":"en","published_at":1686340463,"reference":[{"key":"ref1","url":"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/foster-and-wedel-2014-haplocanthosaurus-from-snowmass-colorado.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","url":"https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-taylor-2013-neural-spine-bifurcation-in-sauropods.pdf"},{"key":"ref3","url":"https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2022/03/wedel-et-al-2021-expanded-neural-canals-in-caudal-vertebrae-of-haplocanthosaurus.pdf"}],"relationships":[],"summary":"Brian
+        Curtice and Colin Boisvert are presenting our talk on this project at 2:00
+        pm MDT this afternoon, at the 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems
+        and Biota (MTE14) in Salt Lake City, and the related paper is in the MTE14
+        volume in The Anatomical Record.","tags":["MTE14","Barosaurus","Cervical","Conferences","Diplodocids"],"title":"New
+        paper: Curtice et al. (2023) on the first <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> from Dry
+        Mesa","updated_at":1686340463,"url":"https://svpow.com/2023/06/09/new-paper-curtice-et-al-2023-on-the-first-haplocanthosaurus-from-dry-mesa"}
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-        to cultivate good closures: ‘scaling small’ and the limits of openness","summary":"<em>Text
-        of a talk given to the COPIM end-of-project conference: <strong>“Scaling Small:
-        Community-Owned Futures for Open Access Books”,</strong> April 20th 2023</em>  Open
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-        and scale.","content_html":"\n<p><em>Text of a talk given to the COPIM end-of-project
-        conference: <strong><a href=\"https://scalingsmall.pubpub.org/\">“Scaling
-        Small: Community-Owned Futures for Open Access Books”</a>,</strong> April
-        20th 2023</em></p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open access publishing has always had a difficult
-        relationship with smoothness and scale. Openness implies seamlessness, limitlessness
-        or structureless-ness – or the idea that the removal of price and permission
-        barriers is what’s needed to allow research to reach its full potential. The
-        drive for seamlessness is on display in much of the push for <a href=\"https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2023/04/06/guest-post-why-interoperability-matters-for-open-research-and-more-than-ever/\">interoperability</a>
-        of standards and persistent identifiers that shape the infrastructures of
-        openness. Throughout the evolution of open access, many ideas have been propagated
-        around, for example, the necessity of CC BY as the one and only licence that
-        facilitates this interoperability and smoothness of access and possible reuse.
-        Similarly, failed projects such as <a href=\"https://blog.onerepo.net/\">One
-        Repo</a> sought to create a single open access repository to rule them all,
-        in response to the perceived messy and stratified institutional and subject
-        repository landscape.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet this relationship between openness
-        and scale also leads to new kinds of closure, particularly the commercial
-        closures of walled gardens that stretch across proprietary services and make
-        researcher data available for increasing user surveillance. The economies
-        of scale of commercial publishers require cookie-cutter production processes
-        that remove all traces of care from publishing, in exchange for APCs and BPCs,
-        thus ensuring that more publications can be processed cheaply with as little
-        recourse to paid human labour as possible. Smoothness and scale are simply
-        market enclosures by another name.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Janneke and I were writing
-        our <a href=\"https://www.westminsterpapers.org/article/id/918/\">‘scaling
-        small’</a> article, we were particularly interested in exploring alternative
-        understandings of scale that preserve and facilitate difference and messiness
-        for open access book publishing. How can we nurture careful and bibliodiverse
-        publishing through open access infrastructures when it is exactly this difference
-        and complexity that commercial forms of sustainability want to standardise
-        at every turn? In outlining ‘scaling small’, we looked to the commons as a
-        way of thinking through these issues.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a mode of production
-        based on collaboration and self-organisation of labour, the commons was a
-        natural fit for the kinds of projects we were involved in. We charted the
-        informal mutual reliance – what we referred to as the latent commons, borrowing
-        from Anna Tsing (2017) – within the Radical Open Access Collective right through
-        to the expansive formality of the COPIM project. In doing so, we illustrated
-        the different forms of organisation that facilitate alternative publishing
-        projects that stand in opposition to the market as the dominant mode of production.
-        Scaling small is primarily about how open access can be sustained if we embed
-        ourselves in each other’s projects and infrastructures in a way that has ‘global
-        reach but preserves local contexts’ (Adema and Moore 2021). It is a reminder
-        that the commons is an active social process rather than a fixed set of open
-        resources available to all.  </p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their posthumously released
-        book <em>On the Inconvenience of Other People</em>, Lauren Berlant writes
-        against a fixed understanding of the commons that ‘merely needs the world
-        to create infrastructures to catch up with it’ (Berlant 2022). Instead, for
-        Berlant, the ‘better power’ of the commons is to ‘point to a way to view what’s
-        broken in sociality, the difficulty of convening a world conjointly’. From
-        our perspective, the commons is about revealing how hard it is to scale small
-        in a world dominated by the need for big, homogenising platforms. It is not,
-        then, about having a fixed understanding of the infrastructures necessary
-        for open access publishing but more about experimenting with the different
-        kinds of socialities that may allow experimental infrastructures of different
-        scales and formalities to flourish.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why scaling small
-        reveals the limits of openness and forces us to instead cultivate good closures
-        (echoing the ‘good cuts’ of Sarah Kember and Joanna Zylinska’s (2012) reading
-        of Karen Barad) based on what we want to value ethically and politically.
-        So rather than leaving everything to the structureless-ness of market-centric
-        openness, through COPIM we learn how to deal with the fact that things like
-        governance, careful publishing and labour-intensive processes do not scale
-        well according to economic logic. In my time on the COPIM project, for example,
-        I learned how community governance requires pragmatic decision-making and
-        norms of trust within the community; it is not something that can be completely
-        organised through rules and board structures. Yet we still proceed to build
-        these structures to see what works and what doesn’t, relying on the fact that
-        we all share a broad horizon of better, more ethical futures for book publishing.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet
-        of course, antagonism still exists within and outside the COPIM project. Is
-        it OK that the models and infrastructures being developed within this community
-        are being extracted from it by commercial publishers? Bloomsbury, for example,
-        has just proudly announced it is the first commercial book publisher to utilise
-        the kind of collective funding model being developed by COPIM, Open Library
-        of Humanities, and other scholar-led publishers. How is it possible to scale
-        small when a big commercial actor is waiting to take what you have developed
-        and piggyback on it for commercial gain? Do we engage with commercial publishers
-        or keep them at arms’ length?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, part of the answer to this
-        question lies in sociality, or the fact that COPIM has managed to carve out
-        a pretty unique situation in neoliberal higher education that has brought
-        together a vast array of likeminded people and organisations with an explicit
-        goal of undermining the monopolisation of commercial publishers in place of
-        community-led approaches. Coupled with the move to diamond open access journals
-        that is gaining traction particularly in continental Europe, we have an important
-        counter-hegemonic project being formed around communities cross-pollinating
-        with one another rather than competing. Commercial publishers may treat COPIM’s
-        work as free R&amp;D but it cannot extract the social glue that keeps it together
-        and sets it apart from marketised models. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why I am
-        so excited about the recent announcement of <a href=\"https://copim.pubpub.org/pub/open-book-futures-announcement/release/1\">Open
-        Book Futures</a> and its potential to further reach out to and engage libraries,
-        infrastructure providers and communities outside the Global North, increasing
-        the messiness that allows us to scale small. As someone now working in one,
-        I am especially pleased to see libraries treated as partners rather than a
-        chequebook – as is too often the case with new open access initiatives – and
-        given meaningful governance over the future of the Open Book Collective. Scaling
-        small will only work if libraries are understood as part of the community
-        and part of the cross-pollination at work. Without this, there is a danger
-        that the additional labour of collections librarians is undervalued or objectified
-        as a tool for the provision of open access, even though it is a crucial and
-        active facilitator of the smallness we desire.  </p>\n\n\n\n<p>As an interdisciplinary,
-        multi-practitioner group of advocates for better publishing futures, I hope
-        we can also consider how scaling small may help transform our professional
-        networks away from the commercially driven conservatism of learned societies
-        and towards expansive forms of mutual reliance and care within and between
-        them. In doing so, it can help build the necessary chains of equivalence between
-        previously disparate learned societies and member organisations, allowing
-        us to turn our attention to the brutally individuating structures of marketised
-        academia (which, at bottom, is the bigger issue at hand).</p>\n\n\n\n<p>So
-        in conclusion, I hope to have conveyed in these short remarks that scaling
-        small is, above all, a project of sociality, building new connections and
-        getting together in different ways, and not simply or even primarily about
-        the publications and resources being produced and shared. The point is to
-        continue learning how to hold onto this social and biblio-diversity through
-        the decisions we take and the institutional closures we enact, particularly
-        as more and more actors become involved. Viewed in this light, scaling small
-        reveals the limits of openness and the necessity of cultivating good closures
-        with other (inconvenient) people.</p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Work cited:</strong></p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adema,
-        Janneke, and Samuel A. Moore. 2021. ‘Scaling Small; Or How to Envision New
-        Relationalities for Knowledge Production’. <em>Westminster Papers in Communication
-        and Culture</em> 16 (1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.918\">https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.918</a>.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berlant,
-        Lauren. 2022. <em>On the Inconvenience of Other People</em>. Writing Matters!
-        Durham: Duke University Press.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kember, Sarah, and Joanna Zylinska.
-        2012. <em>Life after New Media: Mediation as a Vital Process</em>. Cambridge,
-        Mass: MIT Press.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2017. <em>The Mushroom
-        at the End of the World On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins</em>.
-        Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</p>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https://www.samuelmoore.org/2023/04/20/how-to-cultivate-good-closures-scaling-small-and-the-limits-of-openness/\">How
-        to cultivate good closures: ‘scaling small’ and the limits of openness</a>
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