brwy_rails 0.0.1

data/test/dummy/node_modules/buffer/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1711 @@
+/*!
+ * The buffer module from node.js, for the browser.
+ *
+ * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <feross@feross.org> <http://feross.org>
+ * @license  MIT
+ */
+/* eslint-disable no-proto */
+
+'use strict'
+
+var base64 = require('base64-js')
+var ieee754 = require('ieee754')
+var isArray = require('isarray')
+
+exports.Buffer = Buffer
+exports.SlowBuffer = SlowBuffer
+exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50
+
+/**
+ * If `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT`:
+ *   === true    Use Uint8Array implementation (fastest)
+ *   === false   Use Object implementation (most compatible, even IE6)
+ *
+ * Browsers that support typed arrays are IE 10+, Firefox 4+, Chrome 7+, Safari 5.1+,
+ * Opera 11.6+, iOS 4.2+.
+ *
+ * Due to various browser bugs, sometimes the Object implementation will be used even
+ * when the browser supports typed arrays.
+ *
+ * Note:
+ *
+ *   - Firefox 4-29 lacks support for adding new properties to `Uint8Array` instances,
+ *     See: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695438.
+ *
+ *   - Chrome 9-10 is missing the `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function.
+ *
+ *   - IE10 has a broken `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function which returns arrays of
+ *     incorrect length in some situations.
+
+ * We detect these buggy browsers and set `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT` to `false` so they
+ * get the Object implementation, which is slower but behaves correctly.
+ */
+Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT = global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT !== undefined
+  ? global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
+  : typedArraySupport()
+
+/*
+ * Export kMaxLength after typed array support is determined.
+ */
+exports.kMaxLength = kMaxLength()
+
+function typedArraySupport () {
+  try {
+    var arr = new Uint8Array(1)
+    arr.foo = function () { return 42 }
+    return arr.foo() === 42 && // typed array instances can be augmented
+        typeof arr.subarray === 'function' && // chrome 9-10 lack `subarray`
+        arr.subarray(1, 1).byteLength === 0 // ie10 has broken `subarray`
+  } catch (e) {
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+function kMaxLength () {
+  return Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
+    ? 0x7fffffff
+    : 0x3fffffff
+}
+
+function createBuffer (that, length) {
+  if (kMaxLength() < length) {
+    throw new RangeError('Invalid typed array length')
+  }
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
+    that = new Uint8Array(length)
+    that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+  } else {
+    // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
+    if (that === null) {
+      that = new Buffer(length)
+    }
+    that.length = length
+  }
+
+  return that
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that have their
+ * prototype changed to `Buffer.prototype`. Furthermore, `Buffer` is a subclass of
+ * `Uint8Array`, so the returned instances will have all the node `Buffer` methods
+ * and the `Uint8Array` methods. Square bracket notation works as expected -- it
+ * returns a single octet.
+ *
+ * The `Uint8Array` prototype remains unmodified.
+ */
+
+function Buffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && !(this instanceof Buffer)) {
+    return new Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+  }
+
+  // Common case.
+  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+    if (typeof encodingOrOffset === 'string') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'If encoding is specified then the first argument must be a string'
+      )
+    }
+    return allocUnsafe(this, arg)
+  }
+  return from(this, arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+Buffer.poolSize = 8192 // not used by this implementation
+
+// TODO: Legacy, not needed anymore. Remove in next major version.
+Buffer._augment = function (arr) {
+  arr.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+  return arr
+}
+
+function from (that, value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('"value" argument must not be a number')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && value instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+    return fromArrayBuffer(that, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return fromString(that, value, encodingOrOffset)
+  }
+
+  return fromObject(that, value)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Functionally equivalent to Buffer(arg, encoding) but throws a TypeError
+ * if value is a number.
+ * Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
+ * Buffer.from(array)
+ * Buffer.from(buffer)
+ * Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+ **/
+Buffer.from = function (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  return from(null, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+  Buffer.prototype.__proto__ = Uint8Array.prototype
+  Buffer.__proto__ = Uint8Array
+  if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.species &&
+      Buffer[Symbol.species] === Buffer) {
+    // Fix subarray() in ES2016. See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/97
+    Object.defineProperty(Buffer, Symbol.species, {
+      value: null,
+      configurable: true
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+function assertSize (size) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('"size" argument must be a number')
+  }
+}
+
+function alloc (that, size, fill, encoding) {
+  assertSize(size)
+  if (size <= 0) {
+    return createBuffer(that, size)
+  }
+  if (fill !== undefined) {
+    // Only pay attention to encoding if it's a string. This
+    // prevents accidentally sending in a number that would
+    // be interpretted as a start offset.
+    return typeof encoding === 'string'
+      ? createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill, encoding)
+      : createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill)
+  }
+  return createBuffer(that, size)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new filled Buffer instance.
+ * alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
+ **/
+Buffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
+  return alloc(null, size, fill, encoding)
+}
+
+function allocUnsafe (that, size) {
+  assertSize(size)
+  that = createBuffer(that, size < 0 ? 0 : checked(size) | 0)
+  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      that[i] = 0
+    }
+  }
+  return that
+}
+
+/**
+ * Equivalent to Buffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
+ * */
+Buffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
+  return allocUnsafe(null, size)
+}
+/**
+ * Equivalent to SlowBuffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
+ */
+Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
+  return allocUnsafe(null, size)
+}
+
+function fromString (that, string, encoding) {
+  if (typeof encoding !== 'string' || encoding === '') {
+    encoding = 'utf8'
+  }
+
+  if (!Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+    throw new TypeError('"encoding" must be a valid string encoding')
+  }
+
+  var length = byteLength(string, encoding) | 0
+  that = createBuffer(that, length)
+
+  that.write(string, encoding)
+  return that
+}
+
+function fromArrayLike (that, array) {
+  var length = checked(array.length) | 0
+  that = createBuffer(that, length)
+  for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+    that[i] = array[i] & 255
+  }
+  return that
+}
+
+function fromArrayBuffer (that, array, byteOffset, length) {
+  array.byteLength // this throws if `array` is not a valid ArrayBuffer
+
+  if (byteOffset < 0 || array.byteLength < byteOffset) {
+    throw new RangeError('\'offset\' is out of bounds')
+  }
+
+  if (array.byteLength < byteOffset + (length || 0)) {
+    throw new RangeError('\'length\' is out of bounds')
+  }
+
+  if (length === undefined) {
+    array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset)
+  } else {
+    array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset, length)
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
+    that = array
+    that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+  } else {
+    // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
+    that = fromArrayLike(that, array)
+  }
+  return that
+}
+
+function fromObject (that, obj) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
+    var len = checked(obj.length) | 0
+    that = createBuffer(that, len)
+
+    if (that.length === 0) {
+      return that
+    }
+
+    obj.copy(that, 0, 0, len)
+    return that
+  }
+
+  if (obj) {
+    if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' &&
+        obj.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) || 'length' in obj) {
+      if (typeof obj.length !== 'number' || isnan(obj.length)) {
+        return createBuffer(that, 0)
+      }
+      return fromArrayLike(that, obj)
+    }
+
+    if (obj.type === 'Buffer' && isArray(obj.data)) {
+      return fromArrayLike(that, obj.data)
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('First argument must be a string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or array-like object.')
+}
+
+function checked (length) {
+  // Note: cannot use `length < kMaxLength` here because that fails when
+  // length is NaN (which is otherwise coerced to zero.)
+  if (length >= kMaxLength()) {
+    throw new RangeError('Attempt to allocate Buffer larger than maximum ' +
+                         'size: 0x' + kMaxLength().toString(16) + ' bytes')
+  }
+  return length | 0
+}
+
+function SlowBuffer (length) {
+  if (+length != length) { // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq
+    length = 0
+  }
+  return Buffer.alloc(+length)
+}
+
+Buffer.isBuffer = function isBuffer (b) {
+  return !!(b != null && b._isBuffer)
+}
+
+Buffer.compare = function compare (a, b) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Arguments must be Buffers')
+  }
+
+  if (a === b) return 0
+
+  var x = a.length
+  var y = b.length
+
+  for (var i = 0, len = Math.min(x, y); i < len; ++i) {
+    if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
+      x = a[i]
+      y = b[i]
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x < y) return -1
+  if (y < x) return 1
+  return 0
+}
+
+Buffer.isEncoding = function isEncoding (encoding) {
+  switch (String(encoding).toLowerCase()) {
+    case 'hex':
+    case 'utf8':
+    case 'utf-8':
+    case 'ascii':
+    case 'binary':
+    case 'base64':
+    case 'raw':
+    case 'ucs2':
+    case 'ucs-2':
+    case 'utf16le':
+    case 'utf-16le':
+      return true
+    default:
+      return false
+  }
+}
+
+Buffer.concat = function concat (list, length) {
+  if (!isArray(list)) {
+    throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
+  }
+
+  if (list.length === 0) {
+    return Buffer.alloc(0)
+  }
+
+  var i
+  if (length === undefined) {
+    length = 0
+    for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+      length += list[i].length
+    }
+  }
+
+  var buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(length)
+  var pos = 0
+  for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    var buf = list[i]
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
+      throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
+    }
+    buf.copy(buffer, pos)
+    pos += buf.length
+  }
+  return buffer
+}
+
+function byteLength (string, encoding) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(string)) {
+    return string.length
+  }
+  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && typeof ArrayBuffer.isView === 'function' &&
+      (ArrayBuffer.isView(string) || string instanceof ArrayBuffer)) {
+    return string.byteLength
+  }
+  if (typeof string !== 'string') {
+    string = '' + string
+  }
+
+  var len = string.length
+  if (len === 0) return 0
+
+  // Use a for loop to avoid recursion
+  var loweredCase = false
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (encoding) {
+      case 'ascii':
+      case 'binary':
+      // Deprecated
+      case 'raw':
+      case 'raws':
+        return len
+      case 'utf8':
+      case 'utf-8':
+      case undefined:
+        return utf8ToBytes(string).length
+      case 'ucs2':
+      case 'ucs-2':
+      case 'utf16le':
+      case 'utf-16le':
+        return len * 2
+      case 'hex':
+        return len >>> 1
+      case 'base64':
+        return base64ToBytes(string).length
+      default:
+        if (loweredCase) return utf8ToBytes(string).length // assume utf8
+        encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
+        loweredCase = true
+    }
+  }
+}
+Buffer.byteLength = byteLength
+
+function slowToString (encoding, start, end) {
+  var loweredCase = false
+
+  // No need to verify that "this.length <= MAX_UINT32" since it's a read-only
+  // property of a typed array.
+
+  // This behaves neither like String nor Uint8Array in that we set start/end
+  // to their upper/lower bounds if the value passed is out of range.
+  // undefined is handled specially as per ECMA-262 6th Edition,
+  // Section 13.3.3.7 Runtime Semantics: KeyedBindingInitialization.
+  if (start === undefined || start < 0) {
+    start = 0
+  }
+  // Return early if start > this.length. Done here to prevent potential uint32
+  // coercion fail below.
+  if (start > this.length) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  if (end === undefined || end > this.length) {
+    end = this.length
+  }
+
+  if (end <= 0) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  // Force coersion to uint32. This will also coerce falsey/NaN values to 0.
+  end >>>= 0
+  start >>>= 0
+
+  if (end <= start) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
+
+  while (true) {
+    switch (encoding) {
+      case 'hex':
+        return hexSlice(this, start, end)
+
+      case 'utf8':
+      case 'utf-8':
+        return utf8Slice(this, start, end)
+
+      case 'ascii':
+        return asciiSlice(this, start, end)
+
+      case 'binary':
+        return binarySlice(this, start, end)
+
+      case 'base64':
+        return base64Slice(this, start, end)
+
+      case 'ucs2':
+      case 'ucs-2':
+      case 'utf16le':
+      case 'utf-16le':
+        return utf16leSlice(this, start, end)
+
+      default:
+        if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+        encoding = (encoding + '').toLowerCase()
+        loweredCase = true
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// The property is used by `Buffer.isBuffer` and `is-buffer` (in Safari 5-7) to detect
+// Buffer instances.
+Buffer.prototype._isBuffer = true
+
+function swap (b, n, m) {
+  var i = b[n]
+  b[n] = b[m]
+  b[m] = i
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.swap16 = function swap16 () {
+  var len = this.length
+  if (len % 2 !== 0) {
+    throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 16-bits')
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
+    swap(this, i, i + 1)
+  }
+  return this
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.swap32 = function swap32 () {
+  var len = this.length
+  if (len % 4 !== 0) {
+    throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 32-bits')
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
+    swap(this, i, i + 3)
+    swap(this, i + 1, i + 2)
+  }
+  return this
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.toString = function toString () {
+  var length = this.length | 0
+  if (length === 0) return ''
+  if (arguments.length === 0) return utf8Slice(this, 0, length)
+  return slowToString.apply(this, arguments)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.equals = function equals (b) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
+  if (this === b) return true
+  return Buffer.compare(this, b) === 0
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
+  var str = ''
+  var max = exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES
+  if (this.length > 0) {
+    str = this.toString('hex', 0, max).match(/.{2}/g).join(' ')
+    if (this.length > max) str += ' ... '
+  }
+  return '<Buffer ' + str + '>'
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.compare = function compare (target, start, end, thisStart, thisEnd) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(target)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
+  }
+
+  if (start === undefined) {
+    start = 0
+  }
+  if (end === undefined) {
+    end = target ? target.length : 0
+  }
+  if (thisStart === undefined) {
+    thisStart = 0
+  }
+  if (thisEnd === undefined) {
+    thisEnd = this.length
+  }
+
+  if (start < 0 || end > target.length || thisStart < 0 || thisEnd > this.length) {
+    throw new RangeError('out of range index')
+  }
+
+  if (thisStart >= thisEnd && start >= end) {
+    return 0
+  }
+  if (thisStart >= thisEnd) {
+    return -1
+  }
+  if (start >= end) {
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  start >>>= 0
+  end >>>= 0
+  thisStart >>>= 0
+  thisEnd >>>= 0
+
+  if (this === target) return 0
+
+  var x = thisEnd - thisStart
+  var y = end - start
+  var len = Math.min(x, y)
+
+  var thisCopy = this.slice(thisStart, thisEnd)
+  var targetCopy = target.slice(start, end)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (thisCopy[i] !== targetCopy[i]) {
+      x = thisCopy[i]
+      y = targetCopy[i]
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x < y) return -1
+  if (y < x) return 1
+  return 0
+}
+
+function arrayIndexOf (arr, val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+  var indexSize = 1
+  var arrLength = arr.length
+  var valLength = val.length
+
+  if (encoding !== undefined) {
+    encoding = String(encoding).toLowerCase()
+    if (encoding === 'ucs2' || encoding === 'ucs-2' ||
+        encoding === 'utf16le' || encoding === 'utf-16le') {
+      if (arr.length < 2 || val.length < 2) {
+        return -1
+      }
+      indexSize = 2
+      arrLength /= 2
+      valLength /= 2
+      byteOffset /= 2
+    }
+  }
+
+  function read (buf, i) {
+    if (indexSize === 1) {
+      return buf[i]
+    } else {
+      return buf.readUInt16BE(i * indexSize)
+    }
+  }
+
+  var foundIndex = -1
+  for (var i = 0; byteOffset + i < arrLength; i++) {
+    if (read(arr, byteOffset + i) === read(val, foundIndex === -1 ? 0 : i - foundIndex)) {
+      if (foundIndex === -1) foundIndex = i
+      if (i - foundIndex + 1 === valLength) return (byteOffset + foundIndex) * indexSize
+    } else {
+      if (foundIndex !== -1) i -= i - foundIndex
+      foundIndex = -1
+    }
+  }
+  return -1
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+  if (typeof byteOffset === 'string') {
+    encoding = byteOffset
+    byteOffset = 0
+  } else if (byteOffset > 0x7fffffff) {
+    byteOffset = 0x7fffffff
+  } else if (byteOffset < -0x80000000) {
+    byteOffset = -0x80000000
+  }
+  byteOffset >>= 0
+
+  if (this.length === 0) return -1
+  if (byteOffset >= this.length) return -1
+
+  // Negative offsets start from the end of the buffer
+  if (byteOffset < 0) byteOffset = Math.max(this.length + byteOffset, 0)
+
+  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+    val = Buffer.from(val, encoding)
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+    // special case: looking for empty string/buffer always fails
+    if (val.length === 0) {
+      return -1
+    }
+    return arrayIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding)
+  }
+  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf === 'function') {
+      return Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf.call(this, val, byteOffset)
+    }
+    return arrayIndexOf(this, [ val ], byteOffset, encoding)
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('val must be string, number or Buffer')
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.includes = function includes (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+  return this.indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) !== -1
+}
+
+function hexWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  offset = Number(offset) || 0
+  var remaining = buf.length - offset
+  if (!length) {
+    length = remaining
+  } else {
+    length = Number(length)
+    if (length > remaining) {
+      length = remaining
+    }
+  }
+
+  // must be an even number of digits
+  var strLen = string.length
+  if (strLen % 2 !== 0) throw new Error('Invalid hex string')
+
+  if (length > strLen / 2) {
+    length = strLen / 2
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    var parsed = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16)
+    if (isNaN(parsed)) return i
+    buf[offset + i] = parsed
+  }
+  return i
+}
+
+function utf8Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  return blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
+}
+
+function asciiWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  return blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
+}
+
+function binaryWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  return asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length)
+}
+
+function base64Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  return blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
+}
+
+function ucs2Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+  return blitBuffer(utf16leToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.write = function write (string, offset, length, encoding) {
+  // Buffer#write(string)
+  if (offset === undefined) {
+    encoding = 'utf8'
+    length = this.length
+    offset = 0
+  // Buffer#write(string, encoding)
+  } else if (length === undefined && typeof offset === 'string') {
+    encoding = offset
+    length = this.length
+    offset = 0
+  // Buffer#write(string, offset[, length][, encoding])
+  } else if (isFinite(offset)) {
+    offset = offset | 0
+    if (isFinite(length)) {
+      length = length | 0
+      if (encoding === undefined) encoding = 'utf8'
+    } else {
+      encoding = length
+      length = undefined
+    }
+  // legacy write(string, encoding, offset, length) - remove in v0.13
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Buffer.write(string, encoding, offset[, length]) is no longer supported'
+    )
+  }
+
+  var remaining = this.length - offset
+  if (length === undefined || length > remaining) length = remaining
+
+  if ((string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0)) || offset > this.length) {
+    throw new RangeError('Attempt to write outside buffer bounds')
+  }
+
+  if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
+
+  var loweredCase = false
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (encoding) {
+      case 'hex':
+        return hexWrite(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      case 'utf8':
+      case 'utf-8':
+        return utf8Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      case 'ascii':
+        return asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      case 'binary':
+        return binaryWrite(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      case 'base64':
+        // Warning: maxLength not taken into account in base64Write
+        return base64Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      case 'ucs2':
+      case 'ucs-2':
+      case 'utf16le':
+      case 'utf-16le':
+        return ucs2Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+      default:
+        if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+        encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
+        loweredCase = true
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
+  return {
+    type: 'Buffer',
+    data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
+  }
+}
+
+function base64Slice (buf, start, end) {
+  if (start === 0 && end === buf.length) {
+    return base64.fromByteArray(buf)
+  } else {
+    return base64.fromByteArray(buf.slice(start, end))
+  }
+}
+
+function utf8Slice (buf, start, end) {
+  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+  var res = []
+
+  var i = start
+  while (i < end) {
+    var firstByte = buf[i]
+    var codePoint = null
+    var bytesPerSequence = (firstByte > 0xEF) ? 4
+      : (firstByte > 0xDF) ? 3
+      : (firstByte > 0xBF) ? 2
+      : 1
+
+    if (i + bytesPerSequence <= end) {
+      var secondByte, thirdByte, fourthByte, tempCodePoint
+
+      switch (bytesPerSequence) {
+        case 1:
+          if (firstByte < 0x80) {
+            codePoint = firstByte
+          }
+          break
+        case 2:
+          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0x1F) << 0x6 | (secondByte & 0x3F)
+            if (tempCodePoint > 0x7F) {
+              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+            }
+          }
+          break
+        case 3:
+          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+          thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
+          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0xC | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (thirdByte & 0x3F)
+            if (tempCodePoint > 0x7FF && (tempCodePoint < 0xD800 || tempCodePoint > 0xDFFF)) {
+              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+            }
+          }
+          break
+        case 4:
+          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+          thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
+          fourthByte = buf[i + 3]
+          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (fourthByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0x12 | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0xC | (thirdByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (fourthByte & 0x3F)
+            if (tempCodePoint > 0xFFFF && tempCodePoint < 0x110000) {
+              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+            }
+          }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (codePoint === null) {
+      // we did not generate a valid codePoint so insert a
+      // replacement char (U+FFFD) and advance only 1 byte
+      codePoint = 0xFFFD
+      bytesPerSequence = 1
+    } else if (codePoint > 0xFFFF) {
+      // encode to utf16 (surrogate pair dance)
+      codePoint -= 0x10000
+      res.push(codePoint >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800)
+      codePoint = 0xDC00 | codePoint & 0x3FF
+    }
+
+    res.push(codePoint)
+    i += bytesPerSequence
+  }
+
+  return decodeCodePointsArray(res)
+}
+
+// Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/22747272/680742, the browser with
+// the lowest limit is Chrome, with 0x10000 args.
+// We go 1 magnitude less, for safety
+var MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH = 0x1000
+
+function decodeCodePointsArray (codePoints) {
+  var len = codePoints.length
+  if (len <= MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH) {
+    return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, codePoints) // avoid extra slice()
+  }
+
+  // Decode in chunks to avoid "call stack size exceeded".
+  var res = ''
+  var i = 0
+  while (i < len) {
+    res += String.fromCharCode.apply(
+      String,
+      codePoints.slice(i, i += MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH)
+    )
+  }
+  return res
+}
+
+function asciiSlice (buf, start, end) {
+  var ret = ''
+  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+
+  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i] & 0x7F)
+  }
+  return ret
+}
+
+function binarySlice (buf, start, end) {
+  var ret = ''
+  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+
+  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
+  }
+  return ret
+}
+
+function hexSlice (buf, start, end) {
+  var len = buf.length
+
+  if (!start || start < 0) start = 0
+  if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) end = len
+
+  var out = ''
+  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    out += toHex(buf[i])
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+function utf16leSlice (buf, start, end) {
+  var bytes = buf.slice(start, end)
+  var res = ''
+  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 2) {
+    res += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i] + bytes[i + 1] * 256)
+  }
+  return res
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.slice = function slice (start, end) {
+  var len = this.length
+  start = ~~start
+  end = end === undefined ? len : ~~end
+
+  if (start < 0) {
+    start += len
+    if (start < 0) start = 0
+  } else if (start > len) {
+    start = len
+  }
+
+  if (end < 0) {
+    end += len
+    if (end < 0) end = 0
+  } else if (end > len) {
+    end = len
+  }
+
+  if (end < start) end = start
+
+  var newBuf
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    newBuf = this.subarray(start, end)
+    newBuf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+  } else {
+    var sliceLen = end - start
+    newBuf = new Buffer(sliceLen, undefined)
+    for (var i = 0; i < sliceLen; i++) {
+      newBuf[i] = this[i + start]
+    }
+  }
+
+  return newBuf
+}
+
+/*
+ * Need to make sure that buffer isn't trying to write out of bounds.
+ */
+function checkOffset (offset, ext, length) {
+  if ((offset % 1) !== 0 || offset < 0) throw new RangeError('offset is not uint')
+  if (offset + ext > length) throw new RangeError('Trying to access beyond buffer length')
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUIntLE = function readUIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+  var val = this[offset]
+  var mul = 1
+  var i = 0
+  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    val += this[offset + i] * mul
+  }
+
+  return val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUIntBE = function readUIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+  }
+
+  var val = this[offset + --byteLength]
+  var mul = 1
+  while (byteLength > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    val += this[offset + --byteLength] * mul
+  }
+
+  return val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUInt8 = function readUInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
+  return this[offset]
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUInt16LE = function readUInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+  return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUInt16BE = function readUInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+  return (this[offset] << 8) | this[offset + 1]
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUInt32LE = function readUInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+  return ((this[offset]) |
+      (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
+      (this[offset + 2] << 16)) +
+      (this[offset + 3] * 0x1000000)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readUInt32BE = function readUInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+  return (this[offset] * 0x1000000) +
+    ((this[offset + 1] << 16) |
+    (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
+    this[offset + 3])
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readIntLE = function readIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+  var val = this[offset]
+  var mul = 1
+  var i = 0
+  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    val += this[offset + i] * mul
+  }
+  mul *= 0x80
+
+  if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
+
+  return val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readIntBE = function readIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+  var i = byteLength
+  var mul = 1
+  var val = this[offset + --i]
+  while (i > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    val += this[offset + --i] * mul
+  }
+  mul *= 0x80
+
+  if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
+
+  return val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readInt8 = function readInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
+  if (!(this[offset] & 0x80)) return (this[offset])
+  return ((0xff - this[offset] + 1) * -1)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readInt16LE = function readInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+  var val = this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
+  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readInt16BE = function readInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+  var val = this[offset + 1] | (this[offset] << 8)
+  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readInt32LE = function readInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+  return (this[offset]) |
+    (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
+    (this[offset + 2] << 16) |
+    (this[offset + 3] << 24)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readInt32BE = function readInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+  return (this[offset] << 24) |
+    (this[offset + 1] << 16) |
+    (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
+    (this[offset + 3])
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readFloatLE = function readFloatLE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 23, 4)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readFloatBE = function readFloatBE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 23, 4)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readDoubleLE = function readDoubleLE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
+  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 52, 8)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.readDoubleBE = function readDoubleBE (offset, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
+  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 52, 8)
+}
+
+function checkInt (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) throw new TypeError('"buffer" argument must be a Buffer instance')
+  if (value > max || value < min) throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds')
+  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUIntLE = function writeUIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
+    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
+  }
+
+  var mul = 1
+  var i = 0
+  this[offset] = value & 0xFF
+  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
+  }
+
+  return offset + byteLength
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUIntBE = function writeUIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
+    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
+  }
+
+  var i = byteLength - 1
+  var mul = 1
+  this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
+  while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
+  }
+
+  return offset + byteLength
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUInt8 = function writeUInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0xff, 0)
+  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
+  this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+  return offset + 1
+}
+
+function objectWriteUInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
+  if (value < 0) value = 0xffff + value + 1
+  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 2); i < j; i++) {
+    buf[offset + i] = (value & (0xff << (8 * (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i)))) >>>
+      (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i) * 8
+  }
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16LE = function writeUInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
+  }
+  return offset + 2
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16BE = function writeUInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
+  }
+  return offset + 2
+}
+
+function objectWriteUInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
+  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
+  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 4); i < j; i++) {
+    buf[offset + i] = (value >>> (littleEndian ? i : 3 - i) * 8) & 0xff
+  }
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32LE = function writeUInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
+    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
+  }
+  return offset + 4
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32BE = function writeUInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
+    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
+  }
+  return offset + 4
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeIntLE = function writeIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
+
+    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
+  }
+
+  var i = 0
+  var mul = 1
+  var sub = 0
+  this[offset] = value & 0xFF
+  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i - 1] !== 0) {
+      sub = 1
+    }
+    this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
+  }
+
+  return offset + byteLength
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeIntBE = function writeIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
+
+    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
+  }
+
+  var i = byteLength - 1
+  var mul = 1
+  var sub = 0
+  this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
+  while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+    if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i + 1] !== 0) {
+      sub = 1
+    }
+    this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
+  }
+
+  return offset + byteLength
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function writeInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0x7f, -0x80)
+  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
+  if (value < 0) value = 0xff + value + 1
+  this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+  return offset + 1
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeInt16LE = function writeInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
+  }
+  return offset + 2
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeInt16BE = function writeInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
+  }
+  return offset + 2
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeInt32LE = function writeInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
+    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
+  }
+  return offset + 4
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeInt32BE = function writeInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  value = +value
+  offset = offset | 0
+  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
+  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
+  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
+    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
+    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
+    this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
+  } else {
+    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
+  }
+  return offset + 4
+}
+
+function checkIEEE754 (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
+  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+  if (offset < 0) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+}
+
+function writeFloat (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 4, 3.4028234663852886e+38, -3.4028234663852886e+38)
+  }
+  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 23, 4)
+  return offset + 4
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeFloatLE = function writeFloatLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeFloatBE = function writeFloatBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
+}
+
+function writeDouble (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+  if (!noAssert) {
+    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 8, 1.7976931348623157E+308, -1.7976931348623157E+308)
+  }
+  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 52, 8)
+  return offset + 8
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleLE = function writeDoubleLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
+}
+
+Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleBE = function writeDoubleBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
+}
+
+// copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
+Buffer.prototype.copy = function copy (target, targetStart, start, end) {
+  if (!start) start = 0
+  if (!end && end !== 0) end = this.length
+  if (targetStart >= target.length) targetStart = target.length
+  if (!targetStart) targetStart = 0
+  if (end > 0 && end < start) end = start
+
+  // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
+  if (end === start) return 0
+  if (target.length === 0 || this.length === 0) return 0
+
+  // Fatal error conditions
+  if (targetStart < 0) {
+    throw new RangeError('targetStart out of bounds')
+  }
+  if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) throw new RangeError('sourceStart out of bounds')
+  if (end < 0) throw new RangeError('sourceEnd out of bounds')
+
+  // Are we oob?
+  if (end > this.length) end = this.length
+  if (target.length - targetStart < end - start) {
+    end = target.length - targetStart + start
+  }
+
+  var len = end - start
+  var i
+
+  if (this === target && start < targetStart && targetStart < end) {
+    // descending copy from end
+    for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
+    }
+  } else if (len < 1000 || !Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+    // ascending copy from start
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
+    }
+  } else {
+    Uint8Array.prototype.set.call(
+      target,
+      this.subarray(start, start + len),
+      targetStart
+    )
+  }
+
+  return len
+}
+
+// Usage:
+//    buffer.fill(number[, offset[, end]])
+//    buffer.fill(buffer[, offset[, end]])
+//    buffer.fill(string[, offset[, end]][, encoding])
+Buffer.prototype.fill = function fill (val, start, end, encoding) {
+  // Handle string cases:
+  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+    if (typeof start === 'string') {
+      encoding = start
+      start = 0
+      end = this.length
+    } else if (typeof end === 'string') {
+      encoding = end
+      end = this.length
+    }
+    if (val.length === 1) {
+      var code = val.charCodeAt(0)
+      if (code < 256) {
+        val = code
+      }
+    }
+    if (encoding !== undefined && typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+      throw new TypeError('encoding must be a string')
+    }
+    if (typeof encoding === 'string' && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+    }
+  } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    val = val & 255
+  }
+
+  // Invalid ranges are not set to a default, so can range check early.
+  if (start < 0 || this.length < start || this.length < end) {
+    throw new RangeError('Out of range index')
+  }
+
+  if (end <= start) {
+    return this
+  }
+
+  start = start >>> 0
+  end = end === undefined ? this.length : end >>> 0
+
+  if (!val) val = 0
+
+  var i
+  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
+      this[i] = val
+    }
+  } else {
+    var bytes = Buffer.isBuffer(val)
+      ? val
+      : utf8ToBytes(new Buffer(val, encoding).toString())
+    var len = bytes.length
+    for (i = 0; i < end - start; i++) {
+      this[i + start] = bytes[i % len]
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this
+}
+
+// HELPER FUNCTIONS
+// ================
+
+var INVALID_BASE64_RE = /[^+\/0-9A-Za-z-_]/g
+
+function base64clean (str) {
+  // Node strips out invalid characters like \n and \t from the string, base64-js does not
+  str = stringtrim(str).replace(INVALID_BASE64_RE, '')
+  // Node converts strings with length < 2 to ''
+  if (str.length < 2) return ''
+  // Node allows for non-padded base64 strings (missing trailing ===), base64-js does not
+  while (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
+    str = str + '='
+  }
+  return str
+}
+
+function stringtrim (str) {
+  if (str.trim) return str.trim()
+  return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')
+}
+
+function toHex (n) {
+  if (n < 16) return '0' + n.toString(16)
+  return n.toString(16)
+}
+
+function utf8ToBytes (string, units) {
+  units = units || Infinity
+  var codePoint
+  var length = string.length
+  var leadSurrogate = null
+  var bytes = []
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    codePoint = string.charCodeAt(i)
+
+    // is surrogate component
+    if (codePoint > 0xD7FF && codePoint < 0xE000) {
+      // last char was a lead
+      if (!leadSurrogate) {
+        // no lead yet
+        if (codePoint > 0xDBFF) {
+          // unexpected trail
+          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+          continue
+        } else if (i + 1 === length) {
+          // unpaired lead
+          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // valid lead
+        leadSurrogate = codePoint
+
+        continue
+      }
+
+      // 2 leads in a row
+      if (codePoint < 0xDC00) {
+        if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+        leadSurrogate = codePoint
+        continue
+      }
+
+      // valid surrogate pair
+      codePoint = (leadSurrogate - 0xD800 << 10 | codePoint - 0xDC00) + 0x10000
+    } else if (leadSurrogate) {
+      // valid bmp char, but last char was a lead
+      if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+    }
+
+    leadSurrogate = null
+
+    // encode utf8
+    if (codePoint < 0x80) {
+      if ((units -= 1) < 0) break
+      bytes.push(codePoint)
+    } else if (codePoint < 0x800) {
+      if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
+      bytes.push(
+        codePoint >> 0x6 | 0xC0,
+        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+      )
+    } else if (codePoint < 0x10000) {
+      if ((units -= 3) < 0) break
+      bytes.push(
+        codePoint >> 0xC | 0xE0,
+        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
+        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+      )
+    } else if (codePoint < 0x110000) {
+      if ((units -= 4) < 0) break
+      bytes.push(
+        codePoint >> 0x12 | 0xF0,
+        codePoint >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80,
+        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
+        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+      )
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Invalid code point')
+    }
+  }
+
+  return bytes
+}
+
+function asciiToBytes (str) {
+  var byteArray = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    // Node's code seems to be doing this and not & 0x7F..
+    byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF)
+  }
+  return byteArray
+}
+
+function utf16leToBytes (str, units) {
+  var c, hi, lo
+  var byteArray = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
+
+    c = str.charCodeAt(i)
+    hi = c >> 8
+    lo = c % 256
+    byteArray.push(lo)
+    byteArray.push(hi)
+  }
+
+  return byteArray
+}
+
+function base64ToBytes (str) {
+  return base64.toByteArray(base64clean(str))
+}
+
+function blitBuffer (src, dst, offset, length) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    if ((i + offset >= dst.length) || (i >= src.length)) break
+    dst[i + offset] = src[i]
+  }
+  return i
+}
+
+function isnan (val) {
+  return val !== val // eslint-disable-line no-self-compare
+}