activerecord 5.2.8 → 7.0.2

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       module SchemaStatements
         # Drops the database specified on the +name+ attribute
         # and creates it again using the provided +options+.
-        def recreate_database(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def recreate_database(name, options = {}) # :nodoc:
           drop_database(name)
           create_database(name, options)
         end
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def create_database(name, options = {})
           options = { encoding: "utf8" }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)
 
-          option_string = options.inject("") do |memo, (key, value)|
-            memo += case key
+          option_string = options.each_with_object(+"") do |(key, value), memo|
+            memo << case key
                     when :owner
                       " OWNER = \"#{value}\""
                     when :template
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #
         # Example:
         #   drop_database 'matt_development'
-        def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
+        def drop_database(name) # :nodoc:
           execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS #{quote_table_name(name)}"
         end
 
-        def drop_table(table_name, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        def drop_table(table_name, **options) # :nodoc:
+          schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
           execute "DROP TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_table_name(table_name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:force] == :cascade}"
         end
 
@@ -68,13 +69,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
           table = quoted_scope(table_name)
           index = quoted_scope(index_name)
 
-          query_value(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA").to_i > 0
+          query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA").to_i > 0
             SELECT COUNT(*)
             FROM pg_class t
             INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
             INNER JOIN pg_class i ON d.indexrelid = i.oid
             LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = i.relnamespace
-            WHERE i.relkind = 'i'
+            WHERE i.relkind IN ('i', 'I')
               AND i.relname = #{index[:name]}
               AND t.relname = #{table[:name]}
               AND n.nspname = #{index[:schema]}
@@ -85,14 +86,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def indexes(table_name) # :nodoc:
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
 
-          result = query(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+          result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT distinct i.relname, d.indisunique, d.indkey, pg_get_indexdef(d.indexrelid), t.oid,
                             pg_catalog.obj_description(i.oid, 'pg_class') AS comment
             FROM pg_class t
             INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
             INNER JOIN pg_class i ON d.indexrelid = i.oid
             LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = i.relnamespace
-            WHERE i.relkind = 'i'
+            WHERE i.relkind IN ('i', 'I')
               AND d.indisprimary = 'f'
               AND t.relname = #{scope[:name]}
               AND n.nspname = #{scope[:schema]}
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             if indkey.include?(0)
               columns = expressions
             else
-              columns = Hash[query(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")].values_at(*indkey).compact
+              columns = Hash[query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")].values_at(*indkey).compact
                 SELECT a.attnum, a.attname
                 FROM pg_attribute a
                 WHERE a.attrelid = #{oid}
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def table_comment(table_name) # :nodoc:
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name, type: "BASE TABLE")
           if scope[:name]
-            query_value(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
+            query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
               SELECT pg_catalog.obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class')
               FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
                 LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Returns an array of schema names.
         def schema_names
-          query_values(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+          query_values(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT nspname
               FROM pg_namespace
              WHERE nspname !~ '^pg_.*'
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Drops the schema for the given schema name.
-        def drop_schema(schema_name, options = {})
+        def drop_schema(schema_name, **options)
           execute "DROP SCHEMA#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_name(schema_name)} CASCADE"
         end
 
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Returns the sequence name for a table's primary key or some other specified key.
-        def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = "id") #:nodoc:
+        def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = "id") # :nodoc:
           result = serial_sequence(table_name, pk)
           return nil unless result
           Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(result).to_s
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Sets the sequence of a table's primary key to the specified value.
-        def set_pk_sequence!(table, value) #:nodoc:
+        def set_pk_sequence!(table, value) # :nodoc:
           pk, sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
 
           if pk
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Resets the sequence of a table's primary key to the maximum value.
-        def reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) #:nodoc:
+        def reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) # :nodoc:
           unless pk && sequence
             default_pk, default_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
 
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             quoted_sequence = quote_table_name(sequence)
             max_pk = query_value("SELECT MAX(#{quote_column_name pk}) FROM #{quote_table_name(table)}", "SCHEMA")
             if max_pk.nil?
-              if postgresql_version >= 100000
+              if database_version >= 100000
                 minvalue = query_value("SELECT seqmin FROM pg_sequence WHERE seqrelid = #{quote(quoted_sequence)}::regclass", "SCHEMA")
               else
                 minvalue = query_value("SELECT min_value FROM #{quoted_sequence}", "SCHEMA")
@@ -299,10 +300,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Returns a table's primary key and belonging sequence.
-        def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
+        def pk_and_sequence_for(table) # :nodoc:
           # First try looking for a sequence with a dependency on the
           # given table's primary key.
-          result = query(<<-end_sql, "SCHEMA")[0]
+          result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")[0]
             SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname, seq.relname
             FROM pg_class      seq,
                  pg_attribute  attr,
@@ -319,10 +320,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
               AND cons.contype      = 'p'
               AND dep.classid       = 'pg_class'::regclass
               AND dep.refobjid      = #{quote(quote_table_name(table))}::regclass
-          end_sql
+          SQL
 
           if result.nil? || result.empty?
-            result = query(<<-end_sql, "SCHEMA")[0]
+            result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")[0]
               SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname,
                 CASE
                   WHEN pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) !~* 'nextval' THEN NULL
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               WHERE t.oid = #{quote(quote_table_name(table))}::regclass
                 AND cons.contype = 'p'
                 AND pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) ~* 'nextval|uuid_generate'
-            end_sql
+            SQL
           end
 
           pk = result.shift
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
-          query_values(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
+          query_values(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT a.attname
               FROM (
                      SELECT indrelid, indkey, generate_subscripts(indkey, 1) idx
@@ -368,31 +369,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           SQL
         end
 
-        def bulk_change_table(table_name, operations)
-          sql_fragments = []
-          non_combinable_operations = []
-
-          operations.each do |command, args|
-            table, arguments = args.shift, args
-            method = :"#{command}_for_alter"
-
-            if respond_to?(method, true)
-              sqls, procs = Array(send(method, table, *arguments)).partition { |v| v.is_a?(String) }
-              sql_fragments << sqls
-              non_combinable_operations.concat(procs)
-            else
-              execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{sql_fragments.join(", ")}" unless sql_fragments.empty?
-              non_combinable_operations.each(&:call)
-              sql_fragments = []
-              non_combinable_operations = []
-              send(command, table, *arguments)
-            end
-          end
-
-          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{sql_fragments.join(", ")}" unless sql_fragments.empty?
-          non_combinable_operations.each(&:call)
-        end
-
         # Renames a table.
         # Also renames a table's primary key sequence if the sequence name exists and
         # matches the Active Record default.
@@ -401,6 +377,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
         def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
           clear_cache!
+          schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
+          schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(new_name.to_s)
           execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
           pk, seq = pk_and_sequence_for(new_name)
           if pk
@@ -415,15 +393,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
           rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
         end
 
-        def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
           super
           change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) if options.key?(:comment)
         end
 
-        def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
-          sqls, procs = Array(change_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, options)).partition { |v| v.is_a?(String) }
+          sqls, procs = Array(change_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, **options)).partition { |v| v.is_a?(String) }
           execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{sqls.join(", ")}"
           procs.each(&:call)
         end
@@ -433,7 +411,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{change_column_default_for_alter(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes)}"
         end
 
-        def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) #:nodoc:
+        def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
           unless null || default.nil?
             column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
@@ -443,35 +421,40 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Adds comment for given table column or drops it if +comment+ is a +nil+
-        def change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, comment) # :nodoc:
+        def change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, comment_or_changes) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
+          comment = extract_new_comment_value(comment_or_changes)
           execute "COMMENT ON COLUMN #{quote_table_name(table_name)}.#{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}"
         end
 
         # Adds comment for given table or drops it if +comment+ is a +nil+
-        def change_table_comment(table_name, comment) # :nodoc:
+        def change_table_comment(table_name, comment_or_changes) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
+          comment = extract_new_comment_value(comment_or_changes)
           execute "COMMENT ON TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}"
         end
 
         # Renames a column in a table.
-        def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+        def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) # :nodoc:
           clear_cache!
-          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
+          execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{rename_column_sql(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)}")
           rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
         end
 
-        def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-          index_name, index_type, index_columns_and_opclasses, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using, comment = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
-          execute("CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{index_algorithm} #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{index_using} (#{index_columns_and_opclasses})#{index_options}").tap do
-            execute "COMMENT ON INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}" if comment
-          end
+        def add_index(table_name, column_name, **options) # :nodoc:
+          index, algorithm, if_not_exists = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, **options)
+
+          create_index = CreateIndexDefinition.new(index, algorithm, if_not_exists)
+          result = execute schema_creation.accept(create_index)
+
+          execute "COMMENT ON INDEX #{quote_column_name(index.name)} IS #{quote(index.comment)}" if index.comment
+          result
         end
 
-        def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def remove_index(table_name, column_name = nil, **options) # :nodoc:
           table = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(table_name.to_s)
 
-          if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?(:name)
+          if options.key?(:name)
             provided_index = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(options[:name].to_s)
 
             options[:name] = provided_index.identifier
@@ -482,14 +465,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
           end
 
-          index_to_remove = PostgreSQL::Name.new(table.schema, index_name_for_remove(table.to_s, options))
-          algorithm =
-            if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?(:algorithm)
-              index_algorithms.fetch(options[:algorithm]) do
-                raise ArgumentError.new("Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}")
-              end
-            end
-          execute "DROP INDEX #{algorithm} #{quote_table_name(index_to_remove)}"
+          return if options[:if_exists] && !index_exists?(table_name, column_name, **options)
+
+          index_to_remove = PostgreSQL::Name.new(table.schema, index_name_for_remove(table.to_s, column_name, options))
+
+          execute "DROP INDEX #{index_algorithm(options[:algorithm])} #{quote_table_name(index_to_remove)}"
         end
 
         # Renames an index of a table. Raises error if length of new
@@ -502,8 +482,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def foreign_keys(table_name)
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
-          fk_info = exec_query(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
-            SELECT t2.oid::regclass::text AS to_table, a1.attname AS column, a2.attname AS primary_key, c.conname AS name, c.confupdtype AS on_update, c.confdeltype AS on_delete, c.convalidated AS valid
+          fk_info = exec_query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
+            SELECT t2.oid::regclass::text AS to_table, a1.attname AS column, a2.attname AS primary_key, c.conname AS name, c.confupdtype AS on_update, c.confdeltype AS on_delete, c.convalidated AS valid, c.condeferrable AS deferrable, c.condeferred AS deferred
             FROM pg_constraint c
             JOIN pg_class t1 ON c.conrelid = t1.oid
             JOIN pg_class t2 ON c.confrelid = t2.oid
@@ -525,6 +505,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
             options[:on_delete] = extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_delete"])
             options[:on_update] = extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_update"])
+            options[:deferrable] = extract_foreign_key_deferrable(row["deferrable"], row["deferred"])
+
             options[:validate] = row["valid"]
 
             ForeignKeyDefinition.new(table_name, row["to_table"], options)
@@ -539,8 +521,30 @@ module ActiveRecord
           query_values(data_source_sql(table_name, type: "FOREIGN TABLE"), "SCHEMA").any? if table_name.present?
         end
 
+        def check_constraints(table_name) # :nodoc:
+          scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
+
+          check_info = exec_query(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+            SELECT conname, pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid, true) AS constraintdef, c.convalidated AS valid
+            FROM pg_constraint c
+            JOIN pg_class t ON c.conrelid = t.oid
+            WHERE c.contype = 'c'
+              AND t.relname = #{scope[:name]}
+          SQL
+
+          check_info.map do |row|
+            options = {
+              name: row["conname"],
+              validate: row["valid"]
+            }
+            expression = row["constraintdef"][/CHECK \((.+)\)/m, 1]
+
+            CheckConstraintDefinition.new(table_name, expression, options)
+          end
+        end
+
         # Maps logical Rails types to PostgreSQL-specific data types.
-        def type_to_sql(type, limit: nil, precision: nil, scale: nil, array: nil, **) # :nodoc:
+        def type_to_sql(type, limit: nil, precision: nil, scale: nil, array: nil, enum_type: nil, **) # :nodoc:
           sql = \
             case type.to_s
             when "binary"
@@ -548,22 +552,26 @@ module ActiveRecord
               # The hard limit is 1GB, because of a 32-bit size field, and TOAST.
               case limit
               when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
-              else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}.")
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on binary can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
               end
             when "text"
               # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on text columns.
               # The hard limit is 1GB, according to section 8.3 in the manual.
               case limit
               when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
-              else raise(ActiveRecordError, "The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte.")
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No text type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
               end
             when "integer"
               case limit
               when 1, 2; "smallint"
               when nil, 3, 4; "integer"
               when 5..8; "bigint"
-              else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with scale 0 instead.")
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with scale 0 instead."
               end
+            when "enum"
+              raise ArgumentError, "enum_type is required for enums" if enum_type.nil?
+
+              enum_type
             else
               super
             end
@@ -574,14 +582,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # PostgreSQL requires the ORDER BY columns in the select list for distinct queries, and
         # requires that the ORDER BY include the distinct column.
-        def columns_for_distinct(columns, orders) #:nodoc:
-          order_columns = orders.reject(&:blank?).map { |s|
-              # Convert Arel node to string
-              s = s.to_sql unless s.is_a?(String)
-              # Remove any ASC/DESC modifiers
-              s.gsub(/\s+(?:ASC|DESC)\b/i, "")
-               .gsub(/\s+NULLS\s+(?:FIRST|LAST)\b/i, "")
-            }.reject(&:blank?).map.with_index { |column, i| "#{column} AS alias_#{i}" }
+        def columns_for_distinct(columns, orders) # :nodoc:
+          order_columns = orders.compact_blank.map { |s|
+            # Convert Arel node to string
+            s = visitor.compile(s) unless s.is_a?(String)
+            # Remove any ASC/DESC modifiers
+            s.gsub(/\s+(?:ASC|DESC)\b/i, "")
+             .gsub(/\s+NULLS\s+(?:FIRST|LAST)\b/i, "")
+          }.compact_blank.map.with_index { |column, i| "#{column} AS alias_#{i}" }
 
           (order_columns << super).join(", ")
         end
@@ -600,8 +608,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #
         #   validate_constraint :accounts, :constraint_name
         def validate_constraint(table_name, constraint_name)
-          return unless supports_validate_constraints?
-
           at = create_alter_table table_name
           at.validate_constraint constraint_name
 
@@ -623,21 +629,30 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   validate_foreign_key :accounts, name: :special_fk_name
         #
         # The +options+ hash accepts the same keys as SchemaStatements#add_foreign_key.
-        def validate_foreign_key(from_table, options_or_to_table = {})
-          return unless supports_validate_constraints?
-
-          fk_name_to_validate = foreign_key_for!(from_table, options_or_to_table).name
+        def validate_foreign_key(from_table, to_table = nil, **options)
+          fk_name_to_validate = foreign_key_for!(from_table, to_table: to_table, **options).name
 
           validate_constraint from_table, fk_name_to_validate
         end
 
+        # Validates the given check constraint.
+        #
+        #   validate_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+        #
+        # The +options+ hash accepts the same keys as add_check_constraint[rdoc-ref:ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#add_check_constraint].
+        def validate_check_constraint(table_name, **options)
+          chk_name_to_validate = check_constraint_for!(table_name, **options).name
+
+          validate_constraint table_name, chk_name_to_validate
+        end
+
         private
           def schema_creation
             PostgreSQL::SchemaCreation.new(self)
           end
 
-          def create_table_definition(*args)
-            PostgreSQL::TableDefinition.new(*args)
+          def create_table_definition(name, **options)
+            PostgreSQL::TableDefinition.new(self, name, **options)
           end
 
           def create_alter_table(name)
@@ -645,21 +660,30 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def new_column_from_field(table_name, field)
-            column_name, type, default, notnull, oid, fmod, collation, comment = field
+            column_name, type, default, notnull, oid, fmod, collation, comment, attgenerated = field
             type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(column_name, type, oid.to_i, fmod.to_i)
             default_value = extract_value_from_default(default)
-            default_function = extract_default_function(default_value, default)
 
-            PostgreSQLColumn.new(
+            if attgenerated.present?
+              default_function = default
+            else
+              default_function = extract_default_function(default_value, default)
+            end
+
+            if match = default_function&.match(/\Anextval\('"?(?<sequence_name>.+_(?<suffix>seq\d*))"?'::regclass\)\z/)
+              serial = sequence_name_from_parts(table_name, column_name, match[:suffix]) == match[:sequence_name]
+            end
+
+            PostgreSQL::Column.new(
               column_name,
               default_value,
               type_metadata,
               !notnull,
-              table_name,
               default_function,
-              collation,
+              collation: collation,
               comment: comment.presence,
-              max_identifier_length: max_identifier_length
+              serial: serial,
+              generated: attgenerated
             )
           end
 
@@ -672,7 +696,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
               precision: cast_type.precision,
               scale: cast_type.scale,
             )
-            PostgreSQLTypeMetadata.new(simple_type, oid: oid, fmod: fmod)
+            PostgreSQL::TypeMetadata.new(simple_type, oid: oid, fmod: fmod)
+          end
+
+          def sequence_name_from_parts(table_name, column_name, suffix)
+            over_length = [table_name, column_name, suffix].sum(&:length) + 2 - max_identifier_length
+
+            if over_length > 0
+              column_name_length = [(max_identifier_length - suffix.length - 2) / 2, column_name.length].min
+              over_length -= column_name.length - column_name_length
+              column_name = column_name[0, column_name_length - [over_length, 0].min]
+            end
+
+            if over_length > 0
+              table_name = table_name[0, table_name.length - over_length]
+            end
+
+            "#{table_name}_#{column_name}_#{suffix}"
           end
 
           def extract_foreign_key_action(specifier)
@@ -683,14 +723,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
           end
 
-          def add_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+          def extract_foreign_key_deferrable(deferrable, deferred)
+            deferrable && (deferred ? :deferred : true)
+          end
+
+          def add_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
             return super unless options.key?(:comment)
             [super, Proc.new { change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) }]
           end
 
-          def change_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+          def change_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
             td = create_table_definition(table_name)
-            cd = td.new_column_definition(column_name, type, options)
+            cd = td.new_column_definition(column_name, type, **options)
             sqls = [schema_creation.accept(ChangeColumnDefinition.new(cd, column_name))]
             sqls << Proc.new { change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) } if options.key?(:comment)
             sqls
@@ -715,14 +759,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
             "ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL"
           end
 
-          def add_timestamps_for_alter(table_name, options = {})
-            [add_column_for_alter(table_name, :created_at, :datetime, options), add_column_for_alter(table_name, :updated_at, :datetime, options)]
-          end
-
-          def remove_timestamps_for_alter(table_name, options = {})
-            [remove_column_for_alter(table_name, :updated_at), remove_column_for_alter(table_name, :created_at)]
-          end
-
           def add_index_opclass(quoted_columns, **options)
             opclasses = options_for_index_columns(options[:opclass])
             quoted_columns.each do |name, column|
@@ -731,7 +767,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def add_options_for_index_columns(quoted_columns, **options)
-            quoted_columns = add_index_opclass(quoted_columns, options)
+            quoted_columns = add_index_opclass(quoted_columns, **options)
             super
           end
 
@@ -739,7 +775,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             scope = quoted_scope(name, type: type)
             scope[:type] ||= "'r','v','m','p','f'" # (r)elation/table, (v)iew, (m)aterialized view, (p)artitioned table, (f)oreign table
 
-            sql = "SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace".dup
+            sql = +"SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace"
             sql << " WHERE n.nspname = #{scope[:schema]}"
             sql << " AND c.relname = #{scope[:name]}" if scope[:name]
             sql << " AND c.relkind IN (#{scope[:type]})"

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/type_metadata.rb

@@ -1,39 +1,44 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module ActiveRecord
+  # :stopdoc:
   module ConnectionAdapters
-    class PostgreSQLTypeMetadata < DelegateClass(SqlTypeMetadata)
-      undef to_yaml if method_defined?(:to_yaml)
+    module PostgreSQL
+      class TypeMetadata < DelegateClass(SqlTypeMetadata)
+        undef to_yaml if method_defined?(:to_yaml)
 
-      attr_reader :oid, :fmod, :array
+        include Deduplicable
 
-      def initialize(type_metadata, oid: nil, fmod: nil)
-        super(type_metadata)
-        @type_metadata = type_metadata
-        @oid = oid
-        @fmod = fmod
-        @array = /\[\]$/.match?(type_metadata.sql_type)
-      end
-
-      def sql_type
-        super.gsub(/\[\]$/, "".freeze)
-      end
-
-      def ==(other)
-        other.is_a?(PostgreSQLTypeMetadata) &&
-          attributes_for_hash == other.attributes_for_hash
-      end
-      alias eql? ==
+        attr_reader :oid, :fmod
 
-      def hash
-        attributes_for_hash.hash
-      end
+        def initialize(type_metadata, oid: nil, fmod: nil)
+          super(type_metadata)
+          @oid = oid
+          @fmod = fmod
+        end
 
-      protected
+        def ==(other)
+          other.is_a?(TypeMetadata) &&
+            __getobj__ == other.__getobj__ &&
+            oid == other.oid &&
+            fmod == other.fmod
+        end
+        alias eql? ==
 
-        def attributes_for_hash
-          [self.class, @type_metadata, oid, fmod]
+        def hash
+          TypeMetadata.hash ^
+            __getobj__.hash ^
+            oid.hash ^
+            fmod.hash
         end
+
+        private
+          def deduplicated
+            __setobj__(__getobj__.deduplicate)
+            super
+          end
+      end
     end
+    PostgreSQLTypeMetadata = PostgreSQL::TypeMetadata
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/utils.rb

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         protected
-
           def parts
             @parts ||= [@schema, @identifier].compact
           end