activerecord 5.2.8 → 7.0.2

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "active_record/connection_adapters/determine_if_preparable_visitor"
-require "active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache"
+require "set"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sql_type_metadata"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_dumper"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_creation"
@@ -13,44 +12,6 @@ require "arel/collectors/substitute_binds"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
-    extend ActiveSupport::Autoload
-
-    autoload :Column
-    autoload :ConnectionSpecification
-
-    autoload_at "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions" do
-      autoload :IndexDefinition
-      autoload :ColumnDefinition
-      autoload :ChangeColumnDefinition
-      autoload :ForeignKeyDefinition
-      autoload :TableDefinition
-      autoload :Table
-      autoload :AlterTable
-      autoload :ReferenceDefinition
-    end
-
-    autoload_at "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool" do
-      autoload :ConnectionHandler
-    end
-
-    autoload_under "abstract" do
-      autoload :SchemaStatements
-      autoload :DatabaseStatements
-      autoload :DatabaseLimits
-      autoload :Quoting
-      autoload :ConnectionPool
-      autoload :QueryCache
-      autoload :Savepoints
-    end
-
-    autoload_at "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction" do
-      autoload :TransactionManager
-      autoload :NullTransaction
-      autoload :RealTransaction
-      autoload :SavepointTransaction
-      autoload :TransactionState
-    end
-
     # Active Record supports multiple database systems. AbstractAdapter and
     # related classes form the abstraction layer which makes this possible.
     # An AbstractAdapter represents a connection to a database, and provides an
@@ -65,7 +26,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Most of the methods in the adapter are useful during migrations. Most
     # notably, the instance methods provided by SchemaStatements are very useful.
     class AbstractAdapter
-      ADAPTER_NAME = "Abstract".freeze
+      ADAPTER_NAME = "Abstract"
       include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
       define_callbacks :checkout, :checkin
 
@@ -75,15 +36,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
       include Savepoints
 
       SIMPLE_INT = /\A\d+\z/
+      COMMENT_REGEX = %r{(?:--.*\n)*|/\*(?:[^*]|\*[^/])*\*/}m
 
-      attr_accessor :visitor, :pool
-      attr_reader :schema_cache, :owner, :logger, :prepared_statements, :lock
+      attr_accessor :pool
+      attr_reader :visitor, :owner, :logger, :lock
       alias :in_use? :owner
 
+      set_callback :checkin, :after, :enable_lazy_transactions!
+
       def self.type_cast_config_to_integer(config)
         if config.is_a?(Integer)
           config
-        elsif config =~ SIMPLE_INT
+        elsif SIMPLE_INT.match?(config)
           config.to_i
         else
           config
@@ -98,6 +62,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      DEFAULT_READ_QUERY = [:begin, :commit, :explain, :release, :rollback, :savepoint, :select, :with] # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :DEFAULT_READ_QUERY
+
+      def self.build_read_query_regexp(*parts) # :nodoc:
+        parts += DEFAULT_READ_QUERY
+        parts = parts.map { |part| /#{part}/i }
+        /\A(?:[(\s]|#{COMMENT_REGEX})*#{Regexp.union(*parts)}/
+      end
+
+      def self.quoted_column_names # :nodoc:
+        @quoted_column_names ||= {}
+      end
+
+      def self.quoted_table_names # :nodoc:
+        @quoted_table_names ||= {}
+      end
+
       def initialize(connection, logger = nil, config = {}) # :nodoc:
         super()
 
@@ -106,39 +87,117 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @instrumenter        = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
         @logger              = logger
         @config              = config
-        @pool                = nil
-        @idle_since          = Concurrent.monotonic_time
-        @schema_cache        = SchemaCache.new self
-        @quoted_column_names, @quoted_table_names = {}, {}
+        @pool                = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::NullPool.new
+        @idle_since          = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
         @visitor = arel_visitor
+        @statements = build_statement_pool
         @lock = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::LoadInterlockAwareMonitor.new
 
-        if self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(config.fetch(:prepared_statements) { true })
-          @prepared_statements = true
-          @visitor.extend(DetermineIfPreparableVisitor)
-        else
-          @prepared_statements = false
+        @prepared_statements = self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(
+          config.fetch(:prepared_statements, true)
+        )
+
+        @advisory_locks_enabled = self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(
+          config.fetch(:advisory_locks, true)
+        )
+      end
+
+      EXCEPTION_NEVER = { Exception => :never }.freeze # :nodoc:
+      EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE = { Exception => :immediate }.freeze # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :EXCEPTION_NEVER, :EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE
+      def with_instrumenter(instrumenter, &block) # :nodoc:
+        Thread.handle_interrupt(EXCEPTION_NEVER) do
+          previous_instrumenter = @instrumenter
+          @instrumenter = instrumenter
+          Thread.handle_interrupt(EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE, &block)
+        ensure
+          @instrumenter = previous_instrumenter
+        end
+      end
+
+      def check_if_write_query(sql) # :nodoc:
+        if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
         end
       end
 
+      def replica?
+        @config[:replica] || false
+      end
+
+      def use_metadata_table?
+        @config.fetch(:use_metadata_table, true)
+      end
+
+      # Determines whether writes are currently being prevented.
+      #
+      # Returns true if the connection is a replica.
+      #
+      # If the application is using legacy handling, returns
+      # true if +connection_handler.prevent_writes+ is set.
+      #
+      # If the application is using the new connection handling
+      # will return true based on +current_preventing_writes+.
+      def preventing_writes?
+        return true if replica?
+        return ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.prevent_writes if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
+        return false if connection_class.nil?
+
+        connection_class.current_preventing_writes
+      end
+
       def migrations_paths # :nodoc:
         @config[:migrations_paths] || Migrator.migrations_paths
       end
 
       def migration_context # :nodoc:
-        MigrationContext.new(migrations_paths)
+        MigrationContext.new(migrations_paths, schema_migration)
+      end
+
+      def schema_migration # :nodoc:
+        @schema_migration ||= begin
+                                conn = self
+                                spec_name = conn.pool.pool_config.connection_specification_name
+
+                                return ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration if spec_name == "ActiveRecord::Base"
+
+                                schema_migration_name = "#{spec_name}::SchemaMigration"
+
+                                Class.new(ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration) do
+                                  define_singleton_method(:name) { schema_migration_name }
+                                  define_singleton_method(:to_s) { schema_migration_name }
+
+                                  self.connection_specification_name = spec_name
+                                end
+                              end
+      end
+
+      def prepared_statements?
+        @prepared_statements && !prepared_statements_disabled_cache.include?(object_id)
+      end
+      alias :prepared_statements :prepared_statements?
+
+      def prepared_statements_disabled_cache # :nodoc:
+        ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prepared_statements_disabled_cache] ||= Set.new
       end
 
       class Version
         include Comparable
 
-        def initialize(version_string)
+        attr_reader :full_version_string
+
+        def initialize(version_string, full_version_string = nil)
           @version = version_string.split(".").map(&:to_i)
+          @full_version_string = full_version_string
         end
 
         def <=>(version_string)
           @version <=> version_string.split(".").map(&:to_i)
         end
+
+        def to_s
+          @version.join(".")
+        end
       end
 
       def valid_type?(type) # :nodoc:
@@ -148,7 +207,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # this method must only be called while holding connection pool's mutex
       def lease
         if in_use?
-          msg = "Cannot lease connection, ".dup
+          msg = +"Cannot lease connection, "
           if @owner == Thread.current
             msg << "it is already leased by the current thread."
           else
@@ -161,9 +220,29 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @owner = Thread.current
       end
 
+      def connection_class # :nodoc:
+        @pool.connection_class
+      end
+
+      # The role (ie :writing) for the current connection. In a
+      # non-multi role application, `:writing` is returned.
+      def role
+        @pool.role
+      end
+
+      # The shard (ie :default) for the current connection. In
+      # a non-sharded application, `:default` is returned.
+      def shard
+        @pool.shard
+      end
+
+      def schema_cache
+        @pool.get_schema_cache(self)
+      end
+
       def schema_cache=(cache)
         cache.connection = self
-        @schema_cache = cache
+        @pool.set_schema_cache(cache)
       end
 
       # this method must only be called while holding connection pool's mutex
@@ -175,7 +254,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               "Current thread: #{Thread.current}."
           end
 
-          @idle_since = Concurrent.monotonic_time
+          @idle_since = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
           @owner = nil
         else
           raise ActiveRecordError, "Cannot expire connection, it is not currently leased."
@@ -198,14 +277,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Seconds since this connection was returned to the pool
       def seconds_idle # :nodoc:
         return 0 if in_use?
-        Concurrent.monotonic_time - @idle_since
+        Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - @idle_since
       end
 
       def unprepared_statement
-        old_prepared_statements, @prepared_statements = @prepared_statements, false
+        cache = prepared_statements_disabled_cache.add?(object_id) if @prepared_statements
         yield
       ensure
-        @prepared_statements = old_prepared_statements
+        cache&.delete(object_id)
       end
 
       # Returns the human-readable name of the adapter. Use mixed case - one
@@ -214,6 +293,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         self.class::ADAPTER_NAME
       end
 
+      # Does the database for this adapter exist?
+      def self.database_exists?(config)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
       # Does this adapter support DDL rollbacks in transactions? That is, would
       # CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE get rolled back by a transaction?
       def supports_ddl_transactions?
@@ -241,6 +325,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         false
       end
 
+      def supports_partitioned_indexes?
+        false
+      end
+
       # Does this adapter support index sort order?
       def supports_index_sort_order?
         false
@@ -287,10 +375,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         false
       end
 
-      # Does this adapter support creating foreign key constraints
-      # in the same statement as creating the table?
-      def supports_foreign_keys_in_create?
-        supports_foreign_keys?
+      # Does this adapter support creating deferrable constraints?
+      def supports_deferrable_constraints?
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Does this adapter support creating check constraints?
+      def supports_check_constraints?
+        false
       end
 
       # Does this adapter support views?
@@ -298,6 +390,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         false
       end
 
+      # Does this adapter support materialized views?
+      def supports_materialized_views?
+        false
+      end
+
       # Does this adapter support datetime with precision?
       def supports_datetime_with_precision?
         false
@@ -318,11 +415,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         false
       end
 
-      # Does this adapter support multi-value insert?
-      def supports_multi_insert?
-        true
-      end
-
       # Does this adapter support virtual columns?
       def supports_virtual_columns?
         false
@@ -333,6 +425,44 @@ module ActiveRecord
         false
       end
 
+      # Does this adapter support optimizer hints?
+      def supports_optimizer_hints?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_common_table_expressions?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_lazy_transactions?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_returning?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_on_duplicate_skip?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_on_duplicate_update?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_conflict_target?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def supports_concurrent_connections?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def async_enabled? # :nodoc:
+        supports_concurrent_connections? &&
+          !ActiveRecord.async_query_executor.nil? && !pool.async_executor.nil?
+      end
+
       # This is meant to be implemented by the adapters that support extensions
       def disable_extension(name)
       end
@@ -341,6 +471,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def enable_extension(name)
       end
 
+      # This is meant to be implemented by the adapters that support custom enum types
+      def create_enum(*) # :nodoc:
+      end
+
+      def advisory_locks_enabled? # :nodoc:
+        supports_advisory_locks? && @advisory_locks_enabled
+      end
+
       # This is meant to be implemented by the adapters that support advisory
       # locks
       #
@@ -372,6 +510,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         yield
       end
 
+      # Override to check all foreign key constraints in a database.
+      def all_foreign_keys_valid?
+        true
+      end
+
       # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
 
       # Checks whether the connection to the database is still active. This includes
@@ -406,6 +549,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #
         # Prevent @connection's finalizer from touching the socket, or
         # otherwise communicating with its server, when it is collected.
+        if schema_cache.connection == self
+          schema_cache.connection = nil
+        end
       end
 
       # Reset the state of this connection, directing the DBMS to clear
@@ -418,11 +564,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         # this should be overridden by concrete adapters
       end
 
-      ###
-      # Clear any caching the database adapter may be doing, for example
-      # clearing the prepared statement cache. This is database specific.
+      # Removes the connection from the pool and disconnect it.
+      def throw_away!
+        pool.remove self
+        disconnect!
+      end
+
+      # Clear any caching the database adapter may be doing.
       def clear_cache!
-        # this should be overridden by concrete adapters
+        @lock.synchronize { @statements.clear } if @statements
       end
 
       # Returns true if its required to reload the connection between requests for development mode.
@@ -444,18 +594,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # This is useful for when you need to call a proprietary method such as
       # PostgreSQL's lo_* methods.
       def raw_connection
+        disable_lazy_transactions!
         @connection
       end
 
-      def case_sensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value) # :nodoc:
-        table[attribute].eq(value)
+      def default_uniqueness_comparison(attribute, value) # :nodoc:
+        attribute.eq(value)
       end
 
-      def case_insensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value) # :nodoc:
+      def case_sensitive_comparison(attribute, value) # :nodoc:
+        attribute.eq(value)
+      end
+
+      def case_insensitive_comparison(attribute, value) # :nodoc:
+        column = column_for_attribute(attribute)
+
         if can_perform_case_insensitive_comparison_for?(column)
-          table[attribute].lower.eq(table.lower(value))
+          attribute.lower.eq(attribute.relation.lower(value))
         else
-          table[attribute].eq(value)
+          attribute.eq(value)
         end
       end
 
@@ -469,105 +626,133 @@ module ActiveRecord
         pool.checkin self
       end
 
-      def column_name_for_operation(operation, node) # :nodoc:
-        column_name_from_arel_node(node)
+      def default_index_type?(index) # :nodoc:
+        index.using.nil?
       end
 
-      def column_name_from_arel_node(node) # :nodoc:
-        visitor.accept(node, Arel::Collectors::SQLString.new).value
+      # Called by ActiveRecord::InsertAll,
+      # Passed an instance of ActiveRecord::InsertAll::Builder,
+      # This method implements standard bulk inserts for all databases, but
+      # should be overridden by adapters to implement common features with
+      # non-standard syntax like handling duplicates or returning values.
+      def build_insert_sql(insert) # :nodoc:
+        if insert.skip_duplicates? || insert.update_duplicates?
+          raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class} should define `build_insert_sql` to implement adapter-specific logic for handling duplicates during INSERT"
+        end
+
+        "INSERT #{insert.into} #{insert.values_list}"
       end
 
-      def default_index_type?(index) # :nodoc:
-        index.using.nil?
+      def get_database_version # :nodoc:
       end
 
-      private
-        def type_map
-          @type_map ||= Type::TypeMap.new.tap do |mapping|
-            initialize_type_map(mapping)
-          end
+      def database_version # :nodoc:
+        schema_cache.database_version
+      end
+
+      def check_version # :nodoc:
+      end
+
+      # Returns the version identifier of the schema currently available in
+      # the database. This is generally equal to the number of the highest-
+      # numbered migration that has been executed, or 0 if no schema
+      # information is present / the database is empty.
+      def schema_version
+        migration_context.current_version
+      end
+
+      def field_ordered_value(column, values) # :nodoc:
+        node = Arel::Nodes::Case.new(column)
+        values.each.with_index(1) do |value, order|
+          node.when(value).then(order)
         end
 
-        def initialize_type_map(m = type_map)
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(boolean)i,       Type::Boolean
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(char)i,          Type::String
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(binary)i,        Type::Binary
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(text)i,          Type::Text
-          register_class_with_precision m, %r(date)i,      Type::Date
-          register_class_with_precision m, %r(time)i,      Type::Time
-          register_class_with_precision m, %r(datetime)i,  Type::DateTime
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(float)i,         Type::Float
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i,           Type::Integer
-
-          m.alias_type %r(blob)i,      "binary"
-          m.alias_type %r(clob)i,      "text"
-          m.alias_type %r(timestamp)i, "datetime"
-          m.alias_type %r(numeric)i,   "decimal"
-          m.alias_type %r(number)i,    "decimal"
-          m.alias_type %r(double)i,    "float"
-
-          m.register_type %r(^json)i, Type::Json.new
-
-          m.register_type(%r(decimal)i) do |sql_type|
-            scale = extract_scale(sql_type)
-            precision = extract_precision(sql_type)
-
-            if scale == 0
-              # FIXME: Remove this class as well
-              Type::DecimalWithoutScale.new(precision: precision)
-            else
-              Type::Decimal.new(precision: precision, scale: scale)
+        Arel::Nodes::Ascending.new(node.else(values.length + 1))
+      end
+
+      class << self
+        private
+          def initialize_type_map(m)
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(boolean)i,       Type::Boolean
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(char)i,          Type::String
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(binary)i,        Type::Binary
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(text)i,          Type::Text
+            register_class_with_precision m, %r(date)i,      Type::Date
+            register_class_with_precision m, %r(time)i,      Type::Time
+            register_class_with_precision m, %r(datetime)i,  Type::DateTime
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(float)i,         Type::Float
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i,           Type::Integer
+
+            m.alias_type %r(blob)i,      "binary"
+            m.alias_type %r(clob)i,      "text"
+            m.alias_type %r(timestamp)i, "datetime"
+            m.alias_type %r(numeric)i,   "decimal"
+            m.alias_type %r(number)i,    "decimal"
+            m.alias_type %r(double)i,    "float"
+
+            m.register_type %r(^json)i, Type::Json.new
+
+            m.register_type(%r(decimal)i) do |sql_type|
+              scale = extract_scale(sql_type)
+              precision = extract_precision(sql_type)
+
+              if scale == 0
+                # FIXME: Remove this class as well
+                Type::DecimalWithoutScale.new(precision: precision)
+              else
+                Type::Decimal.new(precision: precision, scale: scale)
+              end
             end
           end
-        end
 
-        def reload_type_map
-          type_map.clear
-          initialize_type_map
-        end
+          def register_class_with_limit(mapping, key, klass)
+            mapping.register_type(key) do |*args|
+              limit = extract_limit(args.last)
+              klass.new(limit: limit)
+            end
+          end
 
-        def register_class_with_limit(mapping, key, klass)
-          mapping.register_type(key) do |*args|
-            limit = extract_limit(args.last)
-            klass.new(limit: limit)
+          def register_class_with_precision(mapping, key, klass)
+            mapping.register_type(key) do |*args|
+              precision = extract_precision(args.last)
+              klass.new(precision: precision)
+            end
           end
-        end
 
-        def register_class_with_precision(mapping, key, klass)
-          mapping.register_type(key) do |*args|
-            precision = extract_precision(args.last)
-            klass.new(precision: precision)
+          def extract_scale(sql_type)
+            case sql_type
+            when /\((\d+)\)/ then 0
+            when /\((\d+)(,(\d+))\)/ then $3.to_i
+            end
           end
-        end
 
-        def extract_scale(sql_type)
-          case sql_type
-          when /\((\d+)\)/ then 0
-          when /\((\d+)(,(\d+))\)/ then $3.to_i
+          def extract_precision(sql_type)
+            $1.to_i if sql_type =~ /\((\d+)(,\d+)?\)/
           end
-        end
 
-        def extract_precision(sql_type)
-          $1.to_i if sql_type =~ /\((\d+)(,\d+)?\)/
-        end
+          def extract_limit(sql_type)
+            $1.to_i if sql_type =~ /\((.*)\)/
+          end
+      end
+
+      TYPE_MAP = Type::TypeMap.new.tap { |m| initialize_type_map(m) }
 
-        def extract_limit(sql_type)
-          $1.to_i if sql_type =~ /\((.*)\)/
+      private
+        def type_map
+          TYPE_MAP
         end
 
-        def translate_exception_class(e, sql)
-          begin
-            message = "#{e.class.name}: #{e.message}: #{sql}"
-          rescue Encoding::CompatibilityError
-            message = "#{e.class.name}: #{e.message.force_encoding sql.encoding}: #{sql}"
-          end
+        def translate_exception_class(e, sql, binds)
+          message = "#{e.class.name}: #{e.message}"
 
-          exception = translate_exception(e, message)
+          exception = translate_exception(
+            e, message: message, sql: sql, binds: binds
+          )
           exception.set_backtrace e.backtrace
           exception
         end
 
-        def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], type_casted_binds = [], statement_name = nil) # :doc:
+        def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], type_casted_binds = [], statement_name = nil, async: false, &block) # :doc:
           @instrumenter.instrument(
             "sql.active_record",
             sql:               sql,
@@ -575,24 +760,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
             binds:             binds,
             type_casted_binds: type_casted_binds,
             statement_name:    statement_name,
-            connection_id:     object_id) do
-            begin
-              @lock.synchronize do
-                yield
-              end
-            rescue => e
-              raise translate_exception_class(e, sql)
-            end
+            async:             async,
+            connection:        self) do
+            @lock.synchronize(&block)
+          rescue => e
+            raise translate_exception_class(e, sql, binds)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def transform_query(sql)
+          ActiveRecord.query_transformers.each do |transformer|
+            sql = transformer.call(sql)
           end
+          sql
         end
 
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
+        def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
           # override in derived class
           case exception
           when RuntimeError
             exception
           else
-            ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new(message)
+            ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           end
         end
 
@@ -606,6 +795,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
             raise(ActiveRecordError, "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}")
         end
 
+        def column_for_attribute(attribute)
+          table_name = attribute.relation.name
+          schema_cache.columns_hash(table_name)[attribute.name.to_s]
+        end
+
         def collector
           if prepared_statements
             Arel::Collectors::Composite.new(
@@ -623,6 +817,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def arel_visitor
           Arel::Visitors::ToSql.new(self)
         end
+
+        def build_statement_pool
+        end
+
+        # Builds the result object.
+        #
+        # This is an internal hook to make possible connection adapters to build
+        # custom result objects with connection-specific data.
+        def build_result(columns:, rows:, column_types: {})
+          ActiveRecord::Result.new(columns, rows, column_types)
+        end
     end
   end
 end