activerecord 3.0.0 → 4.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql_adapter.rb

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/requires'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'set'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
+
+gem 'mysql', '~> 2.9'
+require 'mysql'
+
+class Mysql
+  class Time
+    def to_date
+      Date.new(year, month, day)
+    end
+  end
+  class Stmt; include Enumerable end
+  class Result; include Enumerable end
+end
 
 module ActiveRecord
-  class Base
+  module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
     # Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects.
-    def self.mysql_connection(config) # :nodoc:
+    def mysql_connection(config)
       config = config.symbolize_keys
       host     = config[:host]
       port     = config[:port]
@@ -15,18 +27,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       password = config[:password].to_s
       database = config[:database]
 
-      unless defined? Mysql
-        begin
-          require 'mysql'
-        rescue LoadError
-          raise "!!! Missing the mysql gem. Add it to your Gemfile: gem 'mysql', '2.8.1'"
-        end
-
-        unless defined?(Mysql::Result) && Mysql::Result.method_defined?(:each_hash)
-          raise "!!! Outdated mysql gem. Upgrade to 2.8.1 or later. In your Gemfile: gem 'mysql', '2.8.1'"
-        end
-      end
-
       mysql = Mysql.init
       mysql.ssl_set(config[:sslkey], config[:sslcert], config[:sslca], config[:sslcapath], config[:sslcipher]) if config[:sslca] || config[:sslkey]
 
@@ -38,68 +38,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
   end
 
   module ConnectionAdapters
-    class MysqlColumn < Column #:nodoc:
-      def extract_default(default)
-        if sql_type =~ /blob/i || type == :text
-          if default.blank?
-            return null ? nil : ''
-          else
-            raise ArgumentError, "#{type} columns cannot have a default value: #{default.inspect}"
-          end
-        elsif missing_default_forged_as_empty_string?(default)
-          nil
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      def has_default?
-        return false if sql_type =~ /blob/i || type == :text #mysql forbids defaults on blob and text columns
-        super
-      end
-
-      private
-        def simplified_type(field_type)
-          return :boolean if MysqlAdapter.emulate_booleans && field_type.downcase.index("tinyint(1)")
-          return :string  if field_type =~ /enum/i
-          super
-        end
-
-        def extract_limit(sql_type)
-          case sql_type
-          when /blob|text/i
-            case sql_type
-            when /tiny/i
-              255
-            when /medium/i
-              16777215
-            when /long/i
-              2147483647 # mysql only allows 2^31-1, not 2^32-1, somewhat inconsistently with the tiny/medium/normal cases
-            else
-              super # we could return 65535 here, but we leave it undecorated by default
-            end
-          when /^bigint/i;    8
-          when /^int/i;       4
-          when /^mediumint/i; 3
-          when /^smallint/i;  2
-          when /^tinyint/i;   1
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        end
-
-        # MySQL misreports NOT NULL column default when none is given.
-        # We can't detect this for columns which may have a legitimate ''
-        # default (string) but we can for others (integer, datetime, boolean,
-        # and the rest).
-        #
-        # Test whether the column has default '', is not null, and is not
-        # a type allowing default ''.
-        def missing_default_forged_as_empty_string?(default)
-          type != :string && !null && default == ''
-        end
-    end
-
     # The MySQL adapter will work with both Ruby/MySQL, which is a Ruby-based MySQL adapter that comes bundled with Active Record, and with
     # the faster C-based MySQL/Ruby adapter (available both as a gem and from http://www.tmtm.org/en/mysql/ruby/).
     #
@@ -113,122 +51,123 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # * <tt>:database</tt> - The name of the database. No default, must be provided.
     # * <tt>:encoding</tt> - (Optional) Sets the client encoding by executing "SET NAMES <encoding>" after connection.
     # * <tt>:reconnect</tt> - Defaults to false (See MySQL documentation: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/auto-reconnect.html).
+    # * <tt>:strict</tt> - Defaults to true. Enable STRICT_ALL_TABLES. (See MySQL documentation: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-sql-mode.html)
+    # * <tt>:variables</tt> - (Optional) A hash session variables to send as `SET @@SESSION.key = value` on each database connection. Use the value `:default` to set a variable to its DEFAULT value. (See MySQL documentation: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/set-statement.html).
     # * <tt>:sslca</tt> - Necessary to use MySQL with an SSL connection.
     # * <tt>:sslkey</tt> - Necessary to use MySQL with an SSL connection.
     # * <tt>:sslcert</tt> - Necessary to use MySQL with an SSL connection.
     # * <tt>:sslcapath</tt> - Necessary to use MySQL with an SSL connection.
     # * <tt>:sslcipher</tt> - Necessary to use MySQL with an SSL connection.
     #
-    class MysqlAdapter < AbstractAdapter
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # By default, the MysqlAdapter will consider all columns of type <tt>tinyint(1)</tt>
-      # as boolean. If you wish to disable this emulation (which was the default
-      # behavior in versions 0.13.1 and earlier) you can add the following line
-      # to your application.rb file:
-      #
-      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::MysqlAdapter.emulate_booleans = false
-      cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans
-      self.emulate_booleans = true
-
-      ADAPTER_NAME = 'MySQL'.freeze
-
-      LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_MESSAGES = [
-        "Server shutdown in progress",
-        "Broken pipe",
-        "Lost connection to MySQL server during query",
-        "MySQL server has gone away" ]
-
-      QUOTED_TRUE, QUOTED_FALSE = '1'.freeze, '0'.freeze
-
-      NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
-        :primary_key => "int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY".freeze,
-        :string      => { :name => "varchar", :limit => 255 },
-        :text        => { :name => "text" },
-        :integer     => { :name => "int", :limit => 4 },
-        :float       => { :name => "float" },
-        :decimal     => { :name => "decimal" },
-        :datetime    => { :name => "datetime" },
-        :timestamp   => { :name => "datetime" },
-        :time        => { :name => "time" },
-        :date        => { :name => "date" },
-        :binary      => { :name => "blob" },
-        :boolean     => { :name => "tinyint", :limit => 1 }
-      }
+    class MysqlAdapter < AbstractMysqlAdapter
 
-      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
-        super(connection, logger)
-        @connection_options, @config = connection_options, config
-        @quoted_column_names, @quoted_table_names = {}, {}
-        connect
-      end
+      class Column < AbstractMysqlAdapter::Column #:nodoc:
+        def self.string_to_time(value)
+          return super unless Mysql::Time === value
+          new_time(
+            value.year,
+            value.month,
+            value.day,
+            value.hour,
+            value.minute,
+            value.second,
+            value.second_part)
+        end
 
-      def adapter_name #:nodoc:
-        ADAPTER_NAME
-      end
+        def self.string_to_dummy_time(v)
+          return super unless Mysql::Time === v
+          new_time(2000, 01, 01, v.hour, v.minute, v.second, v.second_part)
+        end
 
-      def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
-        true
-      end
+        def self.string_to_date(v)
+          return super unless Mysql::Time === v
+          new_date(v.year, v.month, v.day)
+        end
 
-      def supports_primary_key? #:nodoc:
-        true
+        def adapter
+          MysqlAdapter
+        end
       end
 
-      def supports_savepoints? #:nodoc:
-        true
-      end
+      ADAPTER_NAME = 'MySQL'
 
-      def native_database_types #:nodoc:
-        NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
-      end
+      class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool
+        def initialize(connection, max = 1000)
+          super
+          @cache = Hash.new { |h,pid| h[pid] = {} }
+        end
 
+        def each(&block); cache.each(&block); end
+        def key?(key);    cache.key?(key); end
+        def [](key);      cache[key]; end
+        def length;       cache.length; end
+        def delete(key);  cache.delete(key); end
 
-      # QUOTING ==================================================
+        def []=(sql, key)
+          while @max <= cache.size
+            cache.shift.last[:stmt].close
+          end
+          cache[sql] = key
+        end
 
-      def quote(value, column = nil)
-        if value.kind_of?(String) && column && column.type == :binary && column.class.respond_to?(:string_to_binary)
-          s = column.class.string_to_binary(value).unpack("H*")[0]
-          "x'#{s}'"
-        elsif value.kind_of?(BigDecimal)
-          value.to_s("F")
-        else
-          super
+        def clear
+          cache.values.each do |hash|
+            hash[:stmt].close
+          end
+          cache.clear
+        end
+
+        private
+        def cache
+          @cache[Process.pid]
         end
       end
 
-      def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
-        @quoted_column_names[name] ||= "`#{name}`"
+      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
+        super
+        @statements = StatementPool.new(@connection,
+                                        self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config.fetch(:statement_limit) { 1000 }))
+        @client_encoding = nil
+        connect
       end
 
-      def quote_table_name(name) #:nodoc:
-        @quoted_table_names[name] ||= quote_column_name(name).gsub('.', '`.`')
+      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports prepared statement
+      # caching.
+      def supports_statement_cache?
+        true
       end
 
-      def quote_string(string) #:nodoc:
-        @connection.quote(string)
+      # HELPER METHODS ===========================================
+
+      def each_hash(result) # :nodoc:
+        if block_given?
+          result.each_hash do |row|
+            row.symbolize_keys!
+            yield row
+          end
+        else
+          to_enum(:each_hash, result)
+        end
       end
 
-      def quoted_true
-        QUOTED_TRUE
+      def new_column(field, default, type, null, collation, extra = "") # :nodoc:
+        Column.new(field, default, type, null, collation, strict_mode?, extra)
       end
 
-      def quoted_false
-        QUOTED_FALSE
+      def error_number(exception) # :nodoc:
+        exception.errno if exception.respond_to?(:errno)
       end
 
-      # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
+      # QUOTING ==================================================
 
-      def disable_referential_integrity #:nodoc:
-        old = select_value("SELECT @@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS")
+      def type_cast(value, column)
+        return super unless value == true || value == false
 
-        begin
-          update("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0")
-          yield
-        ensure
-          update("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = #{old}")
-        end
+        value ? 1 : 0
+      end
+
+      def quote_string(string) #:nodoc:
+        @connection.quote(string)
       end
 
       # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
@@ -251,11 +190,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def reconnect!
+        super
         disconnect!
         connect
       end
 
+      # Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this
+      # method does nothing.
       def disconnect!
+        super
         @connection.close rescue nil
       end
 
@@ -272,372 +215,344 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
         @connection.query_with_result = true
-        result = execute(sql, name)
-        rows = []
-        result.each { |row| rows << row }
-        result.free
-        @connection.more_results && @connection.next_result    # invoking stored procedures with CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS requires this to tidy up else connection will be dropped 
+        rows = exec_query(sql, name).rows
+        @connection.more_results && @connection.next_result    # invoking stored procedures with CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS requires this to tidy up else connection will be dropped
         rows
       end
 
-      # Executes an SQL query and returns a MySQL::Result object. Note that you have to free
-      # the Result object after you're done using it.
-      def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        if name == :skip_logging
-          @connection.query(sql)
-        else
-          log(sql, name) { @connection.query(sql) }
-        end
-      rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => exception
-        if exception.message.split(":").first =~ /Packets out of order/
-          raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid, "'Packets out of order' error was received from the database. Please update your mysql bindings (gem install mysql) and read http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/password-hashing.html for more information.  If you're on Windows, use the Instant Rails installer to get the updated mysql bindings."
-        else
-          raise
-        end
-      end
+      # Clears the prepared statements cache.
+      def clear_cache!
+        @statements.clear
+      end
+
+      # Taken from here:
+      #   https://github.com/tmtm/ruby-mysql/blob/master/lib/mysql/charset.rb
+      # Author: TOMITA Masahiro <tommy@tmtm.org>
+      ENCODINGS = {
+        "armscii8" => nil,
+        "ascii"    => Encoding::US_ASCII,
+        "big5"     => Encoding::Big5,
+        "binary"   => Encoding::ASCII_8BIT,
+        "cp1250"   => Encoding::Windows_1250,
+        "cp1251"   => Encoding::Windows_1251,
+        "cp1256"   => Encoding::Windows_1256,
+        "cp1257"   => Encoding::Windows_1257,
+        "cp850"    => Encoding::CP850,
+        "cp852"    => Encoding::CP852,
+        "cp866"    => Encoding::IBM866,
+        "cp932"    => Encoding::Windows_31J,
+        "dec8"     => nil,
+        "eucjpms"  => Encoding::EucJP_ms,
+        "euckr"    => Encoding::EUC_KR,
+        "gb2312"   => Encoding::EUC_CN,
+        "gbk"      => Encoding::GBK,
+        "geostd8"  => nil,
+        "greek"    => Encoding::ISO_8859_7,
+        "hebrew"   => Encoding::ISO_8859_8,
+        "hp8"      => nil,
+        "keybcs2"  => nil,
+        "koi8r"    => Encoding::KOI8_R,
+        "koi8u"    => Encoding::KOI8_U,
+        "latin1"   => Encoding::ISO_8859_1,
+        "latin2"   => Encoding::ISO_8859_2,
+        "latin5"   => Encoding::ISO_8859_9,
+        "latin7"   => Encoding::ISO_8859_13,
+        "macce"    => Encoding::MacCentEuro,
+        "macroman" => Encoding::MacRoman,
+        "sjis"     => Encoding::SHIFT_JIS,
+        "swe7"     => nil,
+        "tis620"   => Encoding::TIS_620,
+        "ucs2"     => Encoding::UTF_16BE,
+        "ujis"     => Encoding::EucJP_ms,
+        "utf8"     => Encoding::UTF_8,
+        "utf8mb4"  => Encoding::UTF_8,
+      }
 
-      def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        super sql, name
-        id_value || @connection.insert_id
-      end
-      alias :create :insert_sql
+      # Get the client encoding for this database
+      def client_encoding
+        return @client_encoding if @client_encoding
 
-      def update_sql(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        super
-        @connection.affected_rows
+        result = exec_query(
+          "SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name = 'character_set_client'",
+          'SCHEMA')
+        @client_encoding = ENCODINGS[result.rows.last.last]
       end
 
-      def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        execute "BEGIN"
-      rescue Exception
-        # Transactions aren't supported
-      end
+      def exec_query(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = [])
+        # If the configuration sets prepared_statements:false, binds will
+        # always be empty, since the bind variables will have been already
+        # substituted and removed from binds by BindVisitor, so this will
+        # effectively disable prepared statement usage completely.
+        if binds.empty?
+          result_set, affected_rows = exec_without_stmt(sql, name)
+        else
+          result_set, affected_rows = exec_stmt(sql, name, binds)
+        end
 
-      def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        execute "COMMIT"
-      rescue Exception
-        # Transactions aren't supported
-      end
+        yield affected_rows if block_given?
 
-      def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        execute "ROLLBACK"
-      rescue Exception
-        # Transactions aren't supported
+        result_set
       end
 
-      def create_savepoint
-        execute("SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
+      def last_inserted_id(result)
+        @connection.insert_id
       end
 
-      def rollback_to_savepoint
-        execute("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
-      end
+      module Fields
+        class Type
+          def type; end
 
-      def release_savepoint
-        execute("RELEASE SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
-      end
+          def type_cast_for_write(value)
+            value
+          end
+        end
 
-      def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
-        limit, offset = options[:limit], options[:offset]
-        if limit && offset
-          sql << " LIMIT #{offset.to_i}, #{sanitize_limit(limit)}"
-        elsif limit
-          sql << " LIMIT #{sanitize_limit(limit)}"
-        elsif offset
-          sql << " OFFSET #{offset.to_i}"
+        class Identity < Type
+          def type_cast(value); value; end
         end
-        sql
-      end
 
-      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
+        class Integer < Type
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      def structure_dump #:nodoc:
-        if supports_views?
-          sql = "SHOW FULL TABLES WHERE Table_type = 'BASE TABLE'"
-        else
-          sql = "SHOW TABLES"
+            value.to_i rescue value ? 1 : 0
+          end
         end
 
-        select_all(sql).inject("") do |structure, table|
-          table.delete('Table_type')
-          structure += select_one("SHOW CREATE TABLE #{quote_table_name(table.to_a.first.last)}")["Create Table"] + ";\n\n"
-        end
-      end
+        class Date < Type
+          def type; :date; end
 
-      def recreate_database(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        drop_database(name)
-        create_database(name, options)
-      end
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      # Create a new MySQL database with optional <tt>:charset</tt> and <tt>:collation</tt>.
-      # Charset defaults to utf8.
-      #
-      # Example:
-      #   create_database 'charset_test', :charset => 'latin1', :collation => 'latin1_bin'
-      #   create_database 'matt_development'
-      #   create_database 'matt_development', :charset => :big5
-      def create_database(name, options = {})
-        if options[:collation]
-          execute "CREATE DATABASE `#{name}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `#{options[:charset] || 'utf8'}` COLLATE `#{options[:collation]}`"
-        else
-          execute "CREATE DATABASE `#{name}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `#{options[:charset] || 'utf8'}`"
+            # FIXME: probably we can improve this since we know it is mysql
+            # specific
+            ConnectionAdapters::Column.value_to_date value
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
-        execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `#{name}`"
-      end
+        class DateTime < Type
+          def type; :datetime; end
 
-      def current_database
-        select_value 'SELECT DATABASE() as db'
-      end
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      # Returns the database character set.
-      def charset
-        show_variable 'character_set_database'
-      end
-
-      # Returns the database collation strategy.
-      def collation
-        show_variable 'collation_database'
-      end
+            # FIXME: probably we can improve this since we know it is mysql
+            # specific
+            ConnectionAdapters::Column.string_to_time value
+          end
+        end
 
-      def tables(name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        tables = []
-        result = execute("SHOW TABLES", name)
-        result.each { |field| tables << field[0] }
-        result.free
-        tables
-      end
+        class Time < Type
+          def type; :time; end
 
-      def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
-        super(table_name, options)
-      end
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      def indexes(table_name, name = nil)#:nodoc:
-        indexes = []
-        current_index = nil
-        result = execute("SHOW KEYS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", name)
-        result.each do |row|
-          if current_index != row[2]
-            next if row[2] == "PRIMARY" # skip the primary key
-            current_index = row[2]
-            indexes << IndexDefinition.new(row[0], row[2], row[1] == "0", [], [])
+            # FIXME: probably we can improve this since we know it is mysql
+            # specific
+            ConnectionAdapters::Column.string_to_dummy_time value
           end
-
-          indexes.last.columns << row[4]
-          indexes.last.lengths << row[7]
         end
-        result.free
-        indexes
-      end
 
-      def columns(table_name, name = nil)#:nodoc:
-        sql = "SHOW FIELDS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
-        columns = []
-        result = execute(sql, :skip_logging)
-        result.each { |field| columns << MysqlColumn.new(field[0], field[4], field[1], field[2] == "YES") }
-        result.free
-        columns
-      end
+        class Float < Type
+          def type; :float; end
 
-      def create_table(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        super(table_name, options.reverse_merge(:options => "ENGINE=InnoDB"))
-      end
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
-        execute "RENAME TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
-      end
+            value.to_f
+          end
+        end
 
-      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-        add_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
-        add_column_options!(add_column_sql, options)
-        add_column_position!(add_column_sql, options)
-        execute(add_column_sql)
-      end
+        class Decimal < Type
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
-        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
-        change_column table_name, column_name, column.sql_type, :default => default
-      end
+            ConnectionAdapters::Column.value_to_decimal value
+          end
+        end
 
-      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
-        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+        class Boolean < Type
+          def type_cast(value)
+            return if value.nil?
 
-        unless null || default.nil?
-          execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+            ConnectionAdapters::Column.value_to_boolean value
+          end
         end
 
-        change_column table_name, column_name, column.sql_type, :null => null
-      end
-
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+        TYPES = {}
 
-        unless options_include_default?(options)
-          options[:default] = column.default
+        # Register an MySQL +type_id+ with a typecasting object in
+        # +type+.
+        def self.register_type(type_id, type)
+          TYPES[type_id] = type
         end
 
-        unless options.has_key?(:null)
-          options[:null] = column.null
+        def self.alias_type(new, old)
+          TYPES[new] = TYPES[old]
         end
 
-        change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} CHANGE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
-        add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options)
-        add_column_position!(change_column_sql, options)
-        execute(change_column_sql)
-      end
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_TINY,    Fields::Boolean.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_LONG,    Fields::Integer.new
+        alias_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_LONGLONG,   Mysql::Field::TYPE_LONG
+        alias_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_NEWDECIMAL, Mysql::Field::TYPE_LONG
 
-      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
-        options = {}
-        if column = columns(table_name).find { |c| c.name == column_name.to_s }
-          options[:default] = column.default
-          options[:null] = column.null
-        else
-          raise ActiveRecordError, "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}"
-        end
-        current_type = select_one("SHOW COLUMNS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)} LIKE '#{column_name}'")["Type"]
-        rename_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} CHANGE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)} #{current_type}"
-        add_column_options!(rename_column_sql, options)
-        execute(rename_column_sql)
-      end
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_VAR_STRING, Fields::Identity.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_BLOB, Fields::Identity.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_DATE, Fields::Date.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_DATETIME, Fields::DateTime.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_TIME, Fields::Time.new
+        register_type Mysql::Field::TYPE_FLOAT, Fields::Float.new
 
-      # Maps logical Rails types to MySQL-specific data types.
-      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
-        return super unless type.to_s == 'integer'
-
-        case limit
-        when 1; 'tinyint'
-        when 2; 'smallint'
-        when 3; 'mediumint'
-        when nil, 4, 11; 'int(11)'  # compatibility with MySQL default
-        when 5..8; 'bigint'
-        else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}")
+        Mysql::Field.constants.grep(/TYPE/).map { |class_name|
+          Mysql::Field.const_get class_name
+        }.reject { |const| TYPES.key? const }.each do |const|
+          register_type const, Fields::Identity.new
         end
       end
 
-      def add_column_position!(sql, options)
-        if options[:first]
-          sql << " FIRST"
-        elsif options[:after]
-          sql << " AFTER #{quote_column_name(options[:after])}"
-        end
-      end
+      def exec_without_stmt(sql, name = 'SQL') # :nodoc:
+        # Some queries, like SHOW CREATE TABLE don't work through the prepared
+        # statement API. For those queries, we need to use this method. :'(
+        log(sql, name) do
+          result = @connection.query(sql)
+          affected_rows = @connection.affected_rows
 
-      # SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'name'
-      def show_variable(name)
-        variables = select_all("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '#{name}'")
-        variables.first['Value'] unless variables.empty?
-      end
+          if result
+            types = {}
+            result.fetch_fields.each { |field|
+              if field.decimals > 0
+                types[field.name] = Fields::Decimal.new
+              else
+                types[field.name] = Fields::TYPES.fetch(field.type) {
+                  Fields::Identity.new
+                }
+              end
+            }
+            result_set = ActiveRecord::Result.new(types.keys, result.to_a, types)
+            result.free
+          else
+            result_set = ActiveRecord::Result.new([], [])
+          end
 
-      # Returns a table's primary key and belonging sequence.
-      def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
-        keys = []
-        result = execute("describe #{quote_table_name(table)}")
-        result.each_hash do |h|
-          keys << h["Field"]if h["Key"] == "PRI"
+          [result_set, affected_rows]
         end
+      end
+
+      def execute_and_free(sql, name = nil)
+        result = execute(sql, name)
+        ret = yield result
         result.free
-        keys.length == 1 ? [keys.first, nil] : nil
+        ret
       end
 
-      # Returns just a table's primary key
-      def primary_key(table)
-        pk_and_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
-        pk_and_sequence && pk_and_sequence.first
+      def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        super sql, name
+        id_value || @connection.insert_id
       end
+      alias :create :insert_sql
+
+      def exec_delete(sql, name, binds)
+        affected_rows = 0
 
-      def case_sensitive_equality_operator
-        "= BINARY"
+        exec_query(sql, name, binds) do |n|
+          affected_rows = n
+        end
+
+        affected_rows
       end
+      alias :exec_update :exec_delete
 
-      def limited_update_conditions(where_sql, quoted_table_name, quoted_primary_key)
-        where_sql
+      def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        exec_query "BEGIN"
+      rescue Mysql::Error
+        # Transactions aren't supported
       end
 
-      protected
-        def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options = {})
-          length = options[:length] if options.is_a?(Hash)
+      private
 
-          quoted_column_names = case length
-          when Hash
-            column_names.map {|name| length[name] ? "#{quote_column_name(name)}(#{length[name]})" : quote_column_name(name) }
-          when Fixnum
-            column_names.map {|name| "#{quote_column_name(name)}(#{length})"}
+      def exec_stmt(sql, name, binds)
+        cache = {}
+        log(sql, name, binds) do
+          if binds.empty?
+            stmt = @connection.prepare(sql)
           else
-            column_names.map {|name| quote_column_name(name) }
+            cache = @statements[sql] ||= {
+              :stmt => @connection.prepare(sql)
+            }
+            stmt = cache[:stmt]
           end
-        end
-
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
-          return super unless exception.respond_to?(:errno)
 
-          case exception.errno
-          when 1062
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message, exception)
-          when 1452
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, exception)
-          else
-            super
+          begin
+            stmt.execute(*binds.map { |col, val| type_cast(val, col) })
+          rescue Mysql::Error => e
+            # Older versions of MySQL leave the prepared statement in a bad
+            # place when an error occurs. To support older mysql versions, we
+            # need to close the statement and delete the statement from the
+            # cache.
+            stmt.close
+            @statements.delete sql
+            raise e
           end
-        end
 
-      private
-        def connect
-          encoding = @config[:encoding]
-          if encoding
-            @connection.options(Mysql::SET_CHARSET_NAME, encoding) rescue nil
+          cols = nil
+          if metadata = stmt.result_metadata
+            cols = cache[:cols] ||= metadata.fetch_fields.map { |field|
+              field.name
+            }
           end
 
-          if @config[:sslca] || @config[:sslkey]
-            @connection.ssl_set(@config[:sslkey], @config[:sslcert], @config[:sslca], @config[:sslcapath], @config[:sslcipher])
-          end
+          result_set = ActiveRecord::Result.new(cols, stmt.to_a) if cols
+          affected_rows = stmt.affected_rows
 
-          @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, @config[:connect_timeout]) if @config[:connect_timeout]
-          @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_READ_TIMEOUT, @config[:read_timeout]) if @config[:read_timeout]
-          @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_WRITE_TIMEOUT, @config[:write_timeout]) if @config[:write_timeout]
+          stmt.result_metadata.free if cols
+          stmt.free_result
+          stmt.close if binds.empty?
 
-          @connection.real_connect(*@connection_options)
+          [result_set, affected_rows]
+        end
+      end
 
-          # reconnect must be set after real_connect is called, because real_connect sets it to false internally
-          @connection.reconnect = !!@config[:reconnect] if @connection.respond_to?(:reconnect=)
+      def connect
+        encoding = @config[:encoding]
+        if encoding
+          @connection.options(Mysql::SET_CHARSET_NAME, encoding) rescue nil
+        end
 
-          configure_connection
+        if @config[:sslca] || @config[:sslkey]
+          @connection.ssl_set(@config[:sslkey], @config[:sslcert], @config[:sslca], @config[:sslcapath], @config[:sslcipher])
         end
 
-        def configure_connection
-          encoding = @config[:encoding]
-          execute("SET NAMES '#{encoding}'", :skip_logging) if encoding
+        @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, @config[:connect_timeout]) if @config[:connect_timeout]
+        @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_READ_TIMEOUT, @config[:read_timeout]) if @config[:read_timeout]
+        @connection.options(Mysql::OPT_WRITE_TIMEOUT, @config[:write_timeout]) if @config[:write_timeout]
 
-          # By default, MySQL 'where id is null' selects the last inserted id.
-          # Turn this off. http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/6778
-          execute("SET SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL=0", :skip_logging)
-        end
+        @connection.real_connect(*@connection_options)
 
-        def select(sql, name = nil)
-          @connection.query_with_result = true
-          result = execute(sql, name)
-          rows = []
-          result.each_hash { |row| rows << row }
-          result.free
-          @connection.more_results && @connection.next_result    # invoking stored procedures with CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS requires this to tidy up else connection will be dropped 
-          rows
-        end
+        # reconnect must be set after real_connect is called, because real_connect sets it to false internally
+        @connection.reconnect = !!@config[:reconnect] if @connection.respond_to?(:reconnect=)
 
-        def supports_views?
-          version[0] >= 5
-        end
+        configure_connection
+      end
 
-        def version
-          @version ||= @connection.server_info.scan(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/).flatten.map { |v| v.to_i }
-        end
+      # Many Rails applications monkey-patch a replacement of the configure_connection method
+      # and don't call 'super', so leave this here even though it looks superfluous.
+      def configure_connection
+        super
+      end
 
-        def column_for(table_name, column_name)
-          unless column = columns(table_name).find { |c| c.name == column_name.to_s }
-            raise "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}"
-          end
-          column
-        end
+      def select(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
+        @connection.query_with_result = true
+        rows = exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+        @connection.more_results && @connection.next_result    # invoking stored procedures with CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS requires this to tidy up else connection will be dropped
+        rows
+      end
+
+      # Returns the version of the connected MySQL server.
+      def version
+        @version ||= @connection.server_info.scan(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/).flatten.map { |v| v.to_i }
+      end
     end
   end
 end