activerecord 3.0.0

data/lib/active_record/observer.rb

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+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Observer
+  #
+  # Observer classes respond to life cycle callbacks to implement trigger-like
+  # behavior outside the original class. This is a great way to reduce the
+  # clutter that normally comes when the model class is burdened with
+  # functionality that doesn't pertain to the core responsibility of the
+  # class. Example:
+  #
+  #   class CommentObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+  #     def after_save(comment)
+  #       Notifications.deliver_comment("admin@do.com", "New comment was posted", comment)
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This Observer sends an email when a Comment#save is finished.
+  #
+  #   class ContactObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+  #     def after_create(contact)
+  #       contact.logger.info('New contact added!')
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def after_destroy(contact)
+  #       contact.logger.warn("Contact with an id of #{contact.id} was destroyed!")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This Observer uses logger to log when specific callbacks are triggered.
+  #
+  # == Observing a class that can't be inferred
+  #
+  # Observers will by default be mapped to the class with which they share a name. So CommentObserver will
+  # be tied to observing Comment, ProductManagerObserver to ProductManager, and so on. If you want to name your observer
+  # differently than the class you're interested in observing, you can use the Observer.observe class method which takes
+  # either the concrete class (Product) or a symbol for that class (:product):
+  #
+  #   class AuditObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+  #     observe :account
+  #
+  #     def after_update(account)
+  #       AuditTrail.new(account, "UPDATED")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # If the audit observer needs to watch more than one kind of object, this can be specified with multiple arguments:
+  #
+  #   class AuditObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+  #     observe :account, :balance
+  #
+  #     def after_update(record)
+  #       AuditTrail.new(record, "UPDATED")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The AuditObserver will now act on both updates to Account and Balance by treating them both as records.
+  #
+  # == Available callback methods
+  #
+  # The observer can implement callback methods for each of the methods described in the Callbacks module.
+  #
+  # == Storing Observers in Rails
+  #
+  # If you're using Active Record within Rails, observer classes are usually stored in app/models with the
+  # naming convention of app/models/audit_observer.rb.
+  #
+  # == Configuration
+  #
+  # In order to activate an observer, list it in the <tt>config.active_record.observers</tt> configuration
+  # setting in your <tt>config/application.rb</tt> file.
+  #
+  #   config.active_record.observers = :comment_observer, :signup_observer
+  #
+  # Observers will not be invoked unless you define these in your application configuration.
+  #
+  # == Loading
+  #
+  # Observers register themselves in the model class they observe, since it is the class that
+  # notifies them of events when they occur. As a side-effect, when an observer is loaded its
+  # corresponding model class is loaded.
+  #
+  # Up to (and including) Rails 2.0.2 observers were instantiated between plugins and
+  # application initializers. Now observers are loaded after application initializers,
+  # so observed models can make use of extensions.
+  #
+  # If by any chance you are using observed models in the initialization you can still
+  # load their observers by calling <tt>ModelObserver.instance</tt> before. Observers are
+  # singletons and that call instantiates and registers them.
+  #
+  class Observer < ActiveModel::Observer
+    class_attribute :observed_methods
+    self.observed_methods = [].freeze
+
+    def initialize
+      super
+      observed_descendants.each { |klass| add_observer!(klass) }
+    end
+
+    def self.method_added(method)
+      method = method.to_sym
+
+      if ActiveRecord::Callbacks::CALLBACKS.include?(method)
+        self.observed_methods += [method]
+        self.observed_methods.freeze
+      end
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+      def observed_descendants
+        observed_classes.sum([]) { |klass| klass.descendants }
+      end
+
+      def observe_callbacks?
+        self.class.observed_methods.any?
+      end
+
+      def add_observer!(klass)
+        super
+        define_callbacks klass if observe_callbacks?
+      end
+
+      def define_callbacks(klass)
+        existing_methods = klass.instance_methods.map { |m| m.to_sym }
+        observer = self
+        observer_name = observer.class.name.underscore.gsub('/', '__')
+
+        self.class.observed_methods.each do |method|
+          callback = :"_notify_#{observer_name}_for_#{method}"
+          unless existing_methods.include? callback
+            klass.send(:define_method, callback) do  # def _notify_user_observer_for_before_save
+              observer.update(method, self)          #   observer.update(:before_save, self)
+            end                                      # end
+            klass.send(method, callback)             # before_save :_notify_user_observer_for_before_save
+          end
+        end
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/persistence.rb

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+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Persistence
+  module Persistence
+    # Returns true if this object hasn't been saved yet -- that is, a record
+    # for the object doesn't exist in the data store yet; otherwise, returns false.
+    def new_record?
+      @new_record
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if this object has been destroyed, otherwise returns false.
+    def destroyed?
+      @destroyed
+    end
+
+    # Returns if the record is persisted, i.e. it's not a new record and it was
+    # not destroyed.
+    def persisted?
+      !(new_record? || destroyed?)
+    end
+
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   save(options)
+    #
+    # Saves the model.
+    #
+    # If the model is new a record gets created in the database, otherwise
+    # the existing record gets updated.
+    #
+    # By default, save always run validations. If any of them fail the action
+    # is cancelled and +save+ returns +false+. However, if you supply
+    # :validate => false, validations are bypassed altogether. See
+    # ActiveRecord::Validations for more information.
+    #
+    # There's a series of callbacks associated with +save+. If any of the
+    # <tt>before_*</tt> callbacks return +false+ the action is cancelled and
+    # +save+ returns +false+. See ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further
+    # details.
+    def save(*)
+      create_or_update
+    end
+
+    # Saves the model.
+    #
+    # If the model is new a record gets created in the database, otherwise
+    # the existing record gets updated.
+    #
+    # With <tt>save!</tt> validations always run. If any of them fail
+    # ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid gets raised. See ActiveRecord::Validations
+    # for more information.
+    #
+    # There's a series of callbacks associated with <tt>save!</tt>. If any of
+    # the <tt>before_*</tt> callbacks return +false+ the action is cancelled
+    # and <tt>save!</tt> raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved. See
+    # ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further details.
+    def save!(*)
+      create_or_update || raise(RecordNotSaved)
+    end
+
+    # Deletes the record in the database and freezes this instance to
+    # reflect that no changes should be made (since they can't be
+    # persisted). Returns the frozen instance.
+    #
+    # The row is simply removed with an SQL +DELETE+ statement on the
+    # record's primary key, and no callbacks are executed.
+    #
+    # To enforce the object's +before_destroy+ and +after_destroy+
+    # callbacks, Observer methods, or any <tt>:dependent</tt> association
+    # options, use <tt>#destroy</tt>.
+    def delete
+      self.class.delete(id) if persisted?
+      @destroyed = true
+      freeze
+    end
+
+    # Deletes the record in the database and freezes this instance to reflect
+    # that no changes should be made (since they can't be persisted).
+    def destroy
+      if persisted?
+        self.class.unscoped.where(self.class.arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id)).delete_all
+      end
+
+      @destroyed = true
+      freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns an instance of the specified +klass+ with the attributes of the
+    # current record. This is mostly useful in relation to single-table
+    # inheritance structures where you want a subclass to appear as the
+    # superclass. This can be used along with record identification in
+    # Action Pack to allow, say, <tt>Client < Company</tt> to do something
+    # like render <tt>:partial => @client.becomes(Company)</tt> to render that
+    # instance using the companies/company partial instead of clients/client.
+    #
+    # Note: The new instance will share a link to the same attributes as the original class.
+    # So any change to the attributes in either instance will affect the other.
+    def becomes(klass)
+      became = klass.new
+      became.instance_variable_set("@attributes", @attributes)
+      became.instance_variable_set("@attributes_cache", @attributes_cache)
+      became.instance_variable_set("@new_record", new_record?)
+      became.instance_variable_set("@destroyed", destroyed?)
+      became
+    end
+
+    # Updates a single attribute and saves the record.
+    # This is especially useful for boolean flags on existing records. Also note that
+    #
+    # * Validation is skipped.
+    # * Callbacks are invoked.
+    # * updated_at/updated_on column is updated if that column is available.
+    # * Updates all the attributes that are dirty in this object.
+    #
+    def update_attribute(name, value)
+      name = name.to_s
+      raise ActiveRecordError, "#{name} is marked as readonly" if self.class.readonly_attributes.include?(name)
+      send("#{name}=", value)
+      save(:validate => false)
+    end
+
+    # Updates the attributes of the model from the passed-in hash and saves the
+    # record, all wrapped in a transaction. If the object is invalid, the saving
+    # will fail and false will be returned.
+    def update_attributes(attributes)
+      # The following transaction covers any possible database side-effects of the
+      # attributes assignment. For example, setting the IDs of a child collection.
+      with_transaction_returning_status do
+        self.attributes = attributes
+        save
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Updates its receiver just like +update_attributes+ but calls <tt>save!</tt> instead
+    # of +save+, so an exception is raised if the record is invalid.
+    def update_attributes!(attributes)
+      # The following transaction covers any possible database side-effects of the
+      # attributes assignment. For example, setting the IDs of a child collection.
+      with_transaction_returning_status do
+        self.attributes = attributes
+        save!
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Initializes +attribute+ to zero if +nil+ and adds the value passed as +by+ (default is 1).
+    # The increment is performed directly on the underlying attribute, no setter is invoked.
+    # Only makes sense for number-based attributes. Returns +self+.
+    def increment(attribute, by = 1)
+      self[attribute] ||= 0
+      self[attribute] += by
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Wrapper around +increment+ that saves the record. This method differs from
+    # its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
+    # Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
+    # record could be saved.
+    def increment!(attribute, by = 1)
+      increment(attribute, by).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
+    end
+
+    # Initializes +attribute+ to zero if +nil+ and subtracts the value passed as +by+ (default is 1).
+    # The decrement is performed directly on the underlying attribute, no setter is invoked.
+    # Only makes sense for number-based attributes. Returns +self+.
+    def decrement(attribute, by = 1)
+      self[attribute] ||= 0
+      self[attribute] -= by
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Wrapper around +decrement+ that saves the record. This method differs from
+    # its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
+    # Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
+    # record could be saved.
+    def decrement!(attribute, by = 1)
+      decrement(attribute, by).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
+    end
+
+    # Assigns to +attribute+ the boolean opposite of <tt>attribute?</tt>. So
+    # if the predicate returns +true+ the attribute will become +false+. This
+    # method toggles directly the underlying value without calling any setter.
+    # Returns +self+.
+    def toggle(attribute)
+      self[attribute] = !send("#{attribute}?")
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Wrapper around +toggle+ that saves the record. This method differs from
+    # its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
+    # Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
+    # record could be saved.
+    def toggle!(attribute)
+      toggle(attribute).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
+    end
+
+    # Reloads the attributes of this object from the database.
+    # The optional options argument is passed to find when reloading so you
+    # may do e.g. record.reload(:lock => true) to reload the same record with
+    # an exclusive row lock.
+    def reload(options = nil)
+      clear_aggregation_cache
+      clear_association_cache
+      @attributes.update(self.class.unscoped { self.class.find(self.id, options) }.instance_variable_get('@attributes'))
+      @attributes_cache = {}
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Saves the record with the updated_at/on attributes set to the current time.
+    # Please note that no validation is performed and no callbacks are executed.
+    # If an attribute name is passed, that attribute is updated along with
+    # updated_at/on attributes.
+    #
+    #   product.touch               # updates updated_at/on
+    #   product.touch(:designed_at) # updates the designed_at attribute and updated_at/on
+    #
+    # If used along with +belongs_to+ then +touch+ will invoke +touch+ method on associated object.
+    #
+    #   class Brake < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     belongs_to :car, :touch => true
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   class Car < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     belongs_to :corporation, :touch => true
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   # triggers @brake.car.touch and @brake.car.corporation.touch
+    #   @brake.touch
+    def touch(name = nil)
+      attributes = timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model
+      unless attributes.blank?
+        attributes << name if name
+
+        current_time = current_time_from_proper_timezone
+        changes = {}
+
+        attributes.each do |column|
+          changes[column.to_s] = write_attribute(column.to_s, current_time)
+        end
+
+        @changed_attributes.except!(*changes.keys)
+        primary_key = self.class.primary_key
+        self.class.update_all(changes, { primary_key => self[primary_key] }) == 1
+      end
+    end
+
+  private
+    def create_or_update
+      raise ReadOnlyRecord if readonly?
+      result = new_record? ? create : update
+      result != false
+    end
+
+    # Updates the associated record with values matching those of the instance attributes.
+    # Returns the number of affected rows.
+    def update(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
+      attributes_with_values = arel_attributes_values(false, false, attribute_names)
+      return 0 if attributes_with_values.empty?
+      self.class.unscoped.where(self.class.arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id)).arel.update(attributes_with_values)
+    end
+
+    # Creates a record with values matching those of the instance attributes
+    # and returns its id.
+    def create
+      if self.id.nil? && connection.prefetch_primary_key?(self.class.table_name)
+        self.id = connection.next_sequence_value(self.class.sequence_name)
+      end
+
+      attributes_values = arel_attributes_values
+
+      new_id = if attributes_values.empty?
+        self.class.unscoped.insert connection.empty_insert_statement_value
+      else
+        self.class.unscoped.insert attributes_values
+      end
+
+      self.id ||= new_id
+
+      @new_record = false
+      id
+    end
+
+    # Initializes the attributes array with keys matching the columns from the linked table and
+    # the values matching the corresponding default value of that column, so
+    # that a new instance, or one populated from a passed-in Hash, still has all the attributes
+    # that instances loaded from the database would.
+    def attributes_from_column_definition
+      self.class.columns.inject({}) do |attributes, column|
+        attributes[column.name] = column.default unless column.name == self.class.primary_key
+        attributes
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Query Cache
+  class QueryCache
+    module ClassMethods
+      # Enable the query cache within the block if Active Record is configured.
+      def cache(&block)
+        if ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.blank?
+          yield
+        else
+          connection.cache(&block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Disable the query cache within the block if Active Record is configured.
+      def uncached(&block)
+        if ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.blank?
+          yield
+        else
+          connection.uncached(&block)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      ActiveRecord::Base.cache do
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end