snappy 3.3__cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_24_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

snappy/ptolemy/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@
+# Tests the ptolemy module
+###
+# Test in sage with precomputed results in testing_files_directory:
+# sage -python test.py
+###
+# Test in python with precomputed results:
+# python test.py
+###
+# Test in sage computing the results:
+# sage -python test.py --compute
+###
+# Test in python computing the results using magma:
+# python test.py --compute
+
+from snappy import Manifold, pari, ptolemy
+from snappy import ptolemy
+from snappy.ptolemy import solutions_from_magma, Flattenings, parse_solutions
+from snappy.ptolemy.processFileBase import get_manifold
+from snappy.ptolemy import __path__ as ptolemy_paths
+from snappy.ptolemy.coordinates import PtolemyCannotBeCheckedError
+from snappy.sage_helper import _within_sage
+from snappy.testing import doctest_modules
+from snappy.pari import pari
+import bz2
+import os
+import sys
+import doctest
+import traceback
+
+if _within_sage:
+    from sage.misc.sage_eval import sage_eval
+
+test_regina = '--regina' in sys.argv
+compute_solutions = '--compute' in sys.argv
+
+base_path = ptolemy_paths[0]
+if test_regina:
+    base_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'regina_')
+
+testing_files_directory = os.path.join(base_path,'testing_files')
+testing_files_generalized_directory = os.path.join(base_path,
+                                                   'testing_files_generalized')
+testing_files_rur_directory = os.path.join(base_path, 'testing_files_rur')
+
+if test_regina:
+    from regina import NTriangulation
+    from snappy.ptolemy.reginaWrapper import *
+
+    def ManifoldGetter(name):
+        return NTriangulationForPtolemy(
+            NTriangulation(Manifold(name)._to_string()))
+else:
+    def ManifoldGetter(name):
+        return Manifold(name)
+
+vol_tet = pari('1.014941606409653625021202554274520285941689307530299792017489106776597476258244022136470354228256695')
+
+
+def check_volumes(complex_volumes, baseline_complex_volumes,
+                  check_real_part_only=False,
+                  torsion_imaginary_part=6, epsilon=1e-80):
+
+    # add complex volumes from complex conjugation to baseline
+
+    conjugates = [ -cvol.conj() for cvol in baseline_complex_volumes ]
+
+    baseline_complex_volumes = baseline_complex_volumes + conjugates
+
+    # real parts need to be equal
+    # imaginary parts need to be equal up to pi^2/torstion
+    p = pari('Pi * Pi') / torsion_imaginary_part
+
+    def is_close(cvol1, cvol2):
+        diff = cvol1 - cvol2
+
+        if diff.real().abs() > epsilon:
+            return False
+
+        if check_real_part_only:
+            return True
+
+        return ((( diff.imag()) % p) < epsilon or
+                ((-diff.imag()) % p) < epsilon)
+
+    # check that every base line volume appears in computed volumes
+    for cvol1 in baseline_complex_volumes:
+
+        if not any(is_close(cvol1, cvol2) for cvol2 in complex_volumes):
+            print("Missing base line volume:", cvol1)
+
+            print("Volumes:")
+            for i in complex_volumes:
+                print("     ", i)
+
+            raise Exception
+
+    # check that every computed volume is a base line volume
+    for cvol2 in complex_volumes:
+        if not any(is_close(cvol1, cvol2)
+                   for cvol1 in baseline_complex_volumes):
+            print("Extra volume:", cvol2)
+
+            print("Volumes:")
+            for i in complex_volumes:
+                print("     ", i)
+
+            raise Exception
+
+
+def testSolutionsForManifold(M, N, solutions, baseline_cvolumes=None,
+                             expect_non_zero_dimensional=None,
+                             against_geometric=True):
+
+    old_precision = pari.set_real_precision(100)
+
+    # check solutions exactly
+
+    found_non_zero_dimensional = False
+
+    numerical_solutions = [ ]
+    numerical_cross_ratios = [ ]
+
+    numerical_cross_ratios_alt = [ ]
+
+    for solution in solutions:
+
+        if isinstance(solution,
+                      ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent):
+            # encountered non-zero dimensional component
+
+            found_non_zero_dimensional = True
+        else:
+
+            assert solution.N() == N
+            assert solution.num_tetrahedra() == M.num_tetrahedra()
+
+            # check exact solutions
+            solution.check_against_manifold(M)
+
+            # compute numerical solutions and cross ratios
+            for numerical_solution in solution.numerical():
+                numerical_solutions.append(numerical_solution)
+                numerical_cross_ratios.append(numerical_solution.cross_ratios())
+
+            # check exact cross ratios
+            cross_ratios = solution.cross_ratios()
+            if not test_regina:
+                cross_ratios.check_against_manifold(M)
+
+            assert cross_ratios.N() == N
+
+            # compute numerical cross ratios alternatively
+            # (above we converted exact Ptolemy's to numerical and then
+            # converted to cross ratio, here we first compute cross ratios
+            # exactly and then convert to numerical)
+            numerical_cross_ratios_alt += cross_ratios.numerical()
+
+    # check we encountered non-zero dimensional component if that's
+    # expected
+    if expect_non_zero_dimensional is not None:
+        assert expect_non_zero_dimensional == found_non_zero_dimensional
+
+    # check the numerical solutions against the manifold
+    for s in numerical_solutions:
+        s.check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+        # check that they make a flattening
+        if not test_regina:
+            s.flattenings_numerical().check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+    if not test_regina:
+        for s in numerical_cross_ratios:
+            s.check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+        for s in numerical_cross_ratios_alt:
+            s.check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+    # compute complex volumes and volumes
+    complex_volumes = [s.complex_volume_numerical() for s in numerical_solutions]
+    volumes = [s.volume_numerical() for s in numerical_cross_ratios]
+
+    # there should be equally many
+    assert len(complex_volumes) == len(volumes)
+
+    # and real part of cvol should be equal to vol
+    for vol, cvol in zip(volumes, complex_volumes):
+        diff = vol - cvol.real()
+        assert diff.abs() < 1e-80
+
+    # volumes from cross ratios computed the different way
+    volumes_alt = [s.volume_numerical() for s in numerical_cross_ratios_alt]
+
+    # volumes should be equal
+    assert len(volumes) == len(volumes_alt)
+    volumes.sort(key=float)
+    volumes_alt.sort(key=float)
+    for vol1, vol2 in zip(volumes, volumes_alt):
+        assert (vol1 - vol2).abs() < 1e-80
+
+    if against_geometric and not test_regina:
+        if M.solution_type() == 'all tetrahedra positively oriented':
+            geom_vol = M.volume() * (N-1) * N * (N+1) / 6
+            assert True in [
+                abs(geom_vol - vol) < 1e-11 for vol in volumes]
+
+    # check that complex volumes match baseline volumes
+    if baseline_cvolumes is not None:
+        check_volumes(complex_volumes, baseline_cvolumes)
+
+    pari.set_real_precision(old_precision)
+
+
+def testComputeSolutionsForManifold(manifold, N,
+                                    compute_solutions=False,
+                                    baseline_cvolumes=None,
+                                    expect_non_zero_dimensional=None,
+                                    print_info=True):
+
+    varieties = manifold.ptolemy_variety(N, obstruction_class="all_original")
+
+    if compute_solutions:
+        def compute(variety):
+            return variety.compute_solutions()
+
+    else:
+        def compute(variety):
+            return compute_using_precomputed_magma(variety)
+
+    solutions = sum([compute(variety) for variety in varieties], [])
+
+    testSolutionsForManifold(manifold, N, solutions,
+                             baseline_cvolumes, expect_non_zero_dimensional)
+
+    if manifold.name() == 't00000':
+        testMatrixMethods(manifold, solutions, print_info=print_info)
+
+
+def testMatrixMethods(manifold, solutions, print_info=True):
+
+    def matrix_is_diagonal(m):
+        return (
+            m[0][0] - m[1][1] == 0 and
+            m[0][1] == 0 and
+            m[1][0] == 0)
+
+    def matrix_is_pm_identity(m):
+        return matrix_is_diagonal(m) and (
+            m[0][0] + 1 == 0 or m[0][0] - 1 == 0)
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing matrix methods...")
+
+    G = manifold.fundamental_group(simplify_presentation=True)
+    Graw = manifold.fundamental_group(simplify_presentation=False)
+
+    for solution in solutions:
+        if solution.dimension == 0:
+
+            solution._testing_check_cocycles()
+
+            cross_ratios = solution.cross_ratios()
+
+            for gen in G.generators():
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(gen, G))
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    cross_ratios.evaluate_word(gen, G))
+
+            for gen in Graw.generators():
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(gen, Graw))
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    cross_ratios.evaluate_word(gen, Graw))
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(gen))
+                assert not matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    cross_ratios.evaluate_word(gen))
+
+            for rel in G.relators():
+                assert matrix_is_pm_identity(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel, G))
+                assert matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel, G))
+
+            for rel in Graw.relators():
+                assert matrix_is_pm_identity(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel, Graw))
+                assert matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel, Graw))
+                assert matrix_is_pm_identity(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel))
+                assert matrix_is_diagonal(
+                    solution.evaluate_word(rel))
+
+
+def test_flattenings_from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold():
+
+    old_precision = pari.set_real_precision(100)
+
+    # real parts need to be equal
+    # imaginary parts need to be equal up to pi^2/6
+    p = pari('Pi * Pi / 6')
+
+    def is_close(cvol1, cvol2, epsilon):
+        diff = cvol1 - cvol2
+        return diff.real().abs() < epsilon and (
+            ( diff.imag() % p) < epsilon or
+            (-diff.imag() % p) < epsilon)
+
+    from snappy import OrientableCuspedCensus
+
+    for M_database in (list(OrientableCuspedCensus()[0:10]) +
+                       list(OrientableCuspedCensus()[10000:10010])):
+
+        # The manifold returned by OrientableCuspedCensus is
+        # a SnapPy.Manifold, not a snappy.Manifold (as is overridden
+        # in python/test.py).
+        M = Manifold(M_database)
+        
+        flattening = Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold(M)
+        flattening.check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+        if not is_close(flattening.complex_volume(),
+                        M.complex_volume(), # returns only double precision
+                        epsilon=1e-13):
+            raise Exception("Wrong volume")
+
+    # test high precision
+
+    M = ManifoldGetter("5_2")
+    flattening = Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold(M)
+    flattening.check_against_manifold(M, epsilon=1e-80)
+
+    if not is_close(flattening.complex_volume(),
+                    pari('2.828122088330783162763898809276634942770981317300649477043520327258802548322471630936947017929999108 - 3.024128376509301659719951221694600993984450242270735312503300643508917708286193746506469158300472966*I'),
+                    epsilon=1e-80):
+        raise Exception("Wrong volume")
+
+    pari.set_real_precision(old_precision)
+
+
+def checkSolutionsForManifoldGeneralizedObstructionClass(
+    solutions_trivial, solutions_non_trivial,
+    manifold, N, baseline_volumes, baseline_dimensions):
+
+    torsionTrivial = pari('Pi^2/6 * I')
+    torsionNonTrivial = pari('Pi^2/18 * I')
+
+    solutions = (
+        [ (s, False) for s in solutions_trivial ] +
+        [ (s, True) for s in solutions_non_trivial ])
+
+    # Dimensions and volumes encountered
+    dimensions = set()
+    volumes = []
+    volumes_2 = []
+
+    for solution, sol_is_non_trivial in solutions:
+        # Add the dimension
+        dimensions.add(solution.dimension)
+        if solution.dimension == 0:
+
+            if sol_is_non_trivial:
+                got_exception = False
+                try:
+                    solution.check_against_manifold(manifold)
+                except PtolemyCannotBeCheckedError:
+                    got_exception = True
+
+                    assert got_exception, (
+                        "check_against_manifold should not have passed")
+            else:
+                solution.check_against_manifold(manifold)
+
+            fl = solution.flattenings_numerical()
+            for f in fl:
+                if not test_regina:
+                    # Not supported yet in regina
+                    f.check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-80)
+
+                cvol, modulo = f.complex_volume(with_modulo=True)
+
+                if sol_is_non_trivial and N == 3:
+                    assert (modulo - torsionNonTrivial).abs() < 1e-80, (
+                        "Wrong modulo returned non-trivial case")
+                else:
+                    assert (modulo - torsionTrivial).abs() < 1e-80, (
+                        "Wrong modulo returned trivial case")
+
+                volumes_2.append(cvol.real())
+
+            # Add the volumes
+            volumes += solution.volume_numerical()
+
+            # Check that the resulting cross ratios full fill
+            # the gluing equations
+            cross_ratios = solution.cross_ratios()
+            if not test_regina:
+                cross_ratios.check_against_manifold(manifold)
+
+    def is_close(a, b):
+        return (a - b).abs() < 1e-80
+
+    def make_unique(L):
+        L.sort()
+        result = L[:1]
+
+        for i in L:
+            if not is_close(result[-1], i):
+                result.append(i)
+        return result
+
+    volumes = make_unique(volumes)
+    volumes_2 = make_unique(volumes_2)
+    all_expected_volumes = make_unique(baseline_volumes +
+                                       [-vol for vol in baseline_volumes])
+
+    assert len(all_expected_volumes) >= 2 * len(baseline_volumes) - 1
+
+    for volume, expected_volume in zip(volumes, all_expected_volumes):
+        assert is_close(volume, expected_volume)
+
+    for volume, expected_volume in zip(volumes_2,all_expected_volumes):
+        assert is_close(volume, expected_volume)
+
+    assert dimensions == set(baseline_dimensions)
+
+
+def testComputeSolutionsForManifoldGeneralizedObstructionClass(
+    manifold, N, compute_solutions, baseline_volumes, baseline_dimensions):
+
+    varieties = manifold.ptolemy_variety(N,
+                                        obstruction_class="all_generalized"
+                                        # , simplify = False
+                                        # , eliminate_fixed_ptolemys = True
+                                        )
+
+    assert len(varieties) == 2
+
+    if compute_solutions:
+        def compute(variety):
+            return variety.compute_solutions()
+
+    else:
+        def compute(variety):
+            return compute_using_precomputed_magma(
+                variety, dir=testing_files_generalized_directory)
+
+    # Solutions for the trivial obstruction class
+    solutions_trivial = compute(varieties[0])
+
+    # Solutions for the non-trivial obstruction class
+    solutions_non_trivial = sum([compute(variety)
+                                 for variety in varieties[1:]],
+                                [])
+
+    checkSolutionsForManifoldGeneralizedObstructionClass(
+        solutions_trivial, solutions_non_trivial,
+        manifold, N, baseline_volumes, baseline_dimensions)
+
+
+def testGeneralizedObstructionClass(compute_solutions, print_info = True):
+
+    vols = [
+        pari('0'),
+        2 * vol_tet
+        ]
+    test__m003__2 = (ManifoldGetter("m003"), # Manifold
+                     2,                # N = 2
+                     vols,             # expected volumes
+                     [0])              # expected dimensions
+
+    vols = [
+        2 * vol_tet
+        ]
+    test__m004__2 = (ManifoldGetter("m004"), # Manifold
+                     2,                # N = 2
+                     vols,             # expected volumes
+                     [0])              # expected dimensions
+
+    vols = [
+        pari('0'),
+        pari('2.595387593686742138301993834077989475956329764530314161212797242812715071384508096863829303251915501'),
+        2 * 4 * vol_tet,
+        ]
+    test__m003__3 = (ManifoldGetter("m003"), # Manifold
+                     3,                # N = 3
+                     vols,             # expected volumes
+                     [0,1])            # expected dimensions
+
+    test_cases = [ test__m003__2,
+                   test__m004__2]
+
+    if (not _within_sage) or (not compute_solutions):
+        test_cases += [test__m003__3]
+
+    for manifold, N, vols, dims in test_cases:
+
+        if print_info:
+            print("Checking for", manifold.name(), "N = %d" % N)
+
+        testComputeSolutionsForManifoldGeneralizedObstructionClass(
+            manifold, N, compute_solutions, vols, dims)
+
+
+def testMapleLikeRur():
+
+    M = ManifoldGetter("m052")
+    p = M.ptolemy_variety(3, 0)
+
+    sols = parse_solutions(
+        bz2.BZ2File(os.path.join(testing_files_rur_directory,
+                         p.filename_base() + '.rur.bz2'),
+                    'r').read().decode('ascii'))
+    assert len(sols) == 4
+    assert [sol.dimension for sol in sols] == [0, 0, 0, 1]
+
+    sols.check_against_manifold()
+    cross_ratios = sols.cross_ratios()
+    cross_ratios.check_against_manifold()
+
+    assert sols.number_field()[0:3] == [
+        pari('3*x^5 - 3*x^4 + 7*x^3 - 11*x^2 + 6*x - 1'),
+        pari('x^5 - 3*x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 2*x - 1'),
+        pari('29987478321*x^50 + 79088110854*x^49 + 146016538609*x^48 + 168029123283*x^47 + 195292402206*x^46 + 249251168329*x^45 + 342446347782*x^44 + 342999865332*x^43 + 169423424001*x^42 - 273623428749*x^41 - 913797131672*x^40 - 1673817412888*x^39 - 2346916788229*x^38 - 2864053668977*x^37 - 3089416575581*x^36 - 3067233025932*x^35 - 2754270808082*x^34 - 2290714735763*x^33 - 1691408820544*x^32 - 1128722560267*x^31 - 616892765351*x^30 - 264545491200*x^29 - 28918206196*x^28 + 65364520067*x^27 + 95427288700*x^26 + 68490651548*x^25 + 40427041992*x^24 + 8765319150*x^23 - 5368633716*x^22 - 14060382008*x^21 - 12638294169*x^20 - 10728252922*x^19 - 6615567685*x^18 - 4275928015*x^17 - 2168416333*x^16 - 1279131210*x^15 - 627103252*x^14 - 403508975*x^13 - 222568645*x^12 - 147840406*x^11 - 81185759*x^10 - 46353128*x^9 - 21481295*x^8 - 9738710*x^7 - 3418080*x^6 - 1145883*x^5 - 254870*x^4 - 44273*x^3 - 565*x^2 + 2925*x + 487')]
+
+    sols[0].multiply_terms_in_RUR().check_against_manifold()
+    sols[0].multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR().check_against_manifold()
+    sol_pur = sols[0].to_PUR()
+    sol_pur.check_against_manifold()
+
+    cross_ratios[0].multiply_terms_in_RUR().check_against_manifold()
+    cross_ratios[0].multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR().check_against_manifold()
+    cross_ratio_pur = cross_ratios[0].to_PUR()
+
+    old_precision = pari.set_real_precision(60)
+
+    sols.numerical().check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-50)
+    sols.numerical().cross_ratios().check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-50)
+    cross_ratios.numerical().check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-50)
+    sol_pur.numerical().check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-50)
+    cross_ratio_pur.numerical().check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-50)
+
+    expected_cvols = [
+        pari('-0.78247122081308825152609555186377860994691907952043*I'),
+        pari('-0.72702516069067618470921136741414357709195254197557*I'),
+        pari('-0.68391161907531103571619313072177855528960855942240*I'),
+        pari('-0.56931748709124386099667356226108260894423337722116*I'),
+        pari('-0.51896820855866930434990357344936169357239176536016*I'),
+        pari('-0.51572066892431201326839038002795162651553325964817*I'),
+        pari('-0.43203716183360487568405407399314603426109522825732*I'),
+        pari('-0.36010613661069069469455670342059458401551240819467*I'),
+        pari('-0.30859303742385031407330927444373574273739067157054*I'),
+        pari('-0.026277944917886842767978680898127354858352285383691*I'),
+        pari('0.0248303748672046904847696634069363554930433748091423*I'),
+        pari('0.099321499468818761939078653627745421972173499236569*I'),
+        pari('0.10014328074298669302370298811922885078531513167037*I'),
+        pari('0.26650486587884614841887735378855648561147071193673*I'),
+        pari('0.28149146457238928303062789829916587391163953396165*I'),
+        pari('0.31647148942727816629296211895022802382665885673450*I'),
+        pari('0.43039483620012844786769013182478937263427654168349*I'),
+        pari('0.69353686619303521491910998831602468798059163569136*I'),
+        pari('0.54467996179900207437301145027949601489757288486931 - 0.63094967104322016076042058145264363658770535751782*I'),
+        pari('2.01433658377684250427882647709079550884158567943161 - 0.49992935281631459421725377501106345869263727223108*I'),
+        pari('2.5032821968844998826603550693091792509880846739036 - 0.26075155111137757913541371074811175755130345738250*I'),
+        pari('2.9278315480495821855974883510454022661942898386197 + 0.19505171376983273645226251276721729342140990274561*I'),
+        pari('3.3588310807753976907039310005151876035685073404636 - 0.59541514146929793136574297969820009572263815053647*I'),
+        pari('3.5588560966663108341691237279801529977950803397723 - 0.65837426652607617086885854703688633418948363301344*I'),
+        pari('4.3805052030906555151826572095707468309691641904106 - 0.53144574794454652850763996164828079301339638663719*I'),
+        pari('5.2749826604398957699736902920967737019972675833349 + 0.72096167973012423863761073630614422902154219296456*I'),
+        pari('5.5615522795375430947143486065492921841179004148132 - 0.28072986489486989042244876551205538542949560983728*I'),
+        pari('8.0573463351073700171153059083631820353663427177264 - 0.35478334441703194039659993339822864555159918771765*I'),
+        pari('13.232966218921677854715244009824382732164844146922 + 0.13989736389653471530824083989755826875684215156147*I')
+        ]
+
+    expected_cvols = expected_cvols + [ -a.conj() for a in expected_cvols ]
+
+    cvols = sols.complex_volume_numerical().flatten(2) # Include witnesses
+
+    check_volumes(cvols, expected_cvols, epsilon=1e-40)
+
+    vols = sols.volume_numerical().flatten(2) # Include witnesses
+
+    check_volumes(vols, expected_cvols, check_real_part_only=True, epsilon=1e-40)
+
+    pari.set_real_precision(old_precision)
+
+
+def testNumericalSolutions():
+
+    M = ManifoldGetter("m003")
+    N = 3
+
+    varieties = M.ptolemy_variety(N, obstruction_class='all')
+
+    solutions = [
+        solutions_from_magma(
+            get_precomputed_magma(variety,
+                                  dir=testing_files_generalized_directory),
+            numerical=True)
+        for variety in varieties ]
+
+    for obstruction_index, obstruction in enumerate(solutions):
+        for component in obstruction:
+            for solution in component:
+                flattenings = solution.flattenings_numerical()
+                if not test_regina:
+                    flattenings.check_against_manifold(epsilon=1e-80)
+                order = flattenings.get_order()
+
+                if obstruction_index:
+                    assert order == 6
+                else:
+                    assert order == 2
+
+                cross_ratios = solution.cross_ratios()
+                is_cr = cross_ratios.is_pu_2_1_representation(epsilon=1e-80,
+                                                              epsilon2=1e-10)
+
+                if cross_ratios.volume_numerical().abs() < 1e-10:
+                    # Every volume 0 representation of m003 happens to be
+                    # cr
+                    assert is_cr
+                else:
+                    assert not is_cr
+
+    number_one_dimensional = 0
+
+    allComponents = sum(solutions, [])
+
+    dimension_dict = {}
+    degree_dict = {}
+
+    for component in allComponents:
+
+        dim = component.dimension
+        deg = len(component)
+
+        dimension_dict[dim] = 1 + dimension_dict.get(dim, 0)
+        degree_dict[deg] = 1 + degree_dict.get(deg, 0)
+
+        assert (dim == 0) ^ (deg == 0)
+
+    assert dimension_dict == {0: 4, 1: 2}
+    assert degree_dict == {0 :2, 2: 2, 8: 2}
+
+    allSolutions = sum(allComponents, [])
+
+    allCVolumes = [s.complex_volume_numerical() for s in allSolutions]
+
+    expected_cvolume = pari('2.595387593686742138301993834077989475956329764530314161212797242812715071384508096863829303251915501 + 0.1020524924166561605528051801006522147774827678324290664524996742369032819581086580383974219370194645*I')
+
+    expected_cvolumes = [
+        pari(0),
+        expected_cvolume,
+        expected_cvolume.conj(),
+        2 * 4 * vol_tet
+        ]
+
+    check_volumes(allCVolumes, expected_cvolumes)
+
+
+def testGeometricRep(compute_solutions, print_info=False):
+
+    from snappy.ptolemy import geometricRep
+
+    M = Manifold("m019")
+    if compute_solutions:
+        sol = geometricRep.compute_geometric_solution(M)
+    else:
+        from pathlib import Path
+        url = Path(os.path.abspath(testing_files_directory)).as_uri()
+        sol = geometricRep.retrieve_geometric_solution(
+            M, data_url=url, verbose = print_info)
+
+    # Make sure this is of type Ptolemy
+    sol['c_0011_2']
+
+    assert any(
+        abs(vol - 2.9441064867) < 1e-9 for vol in sol.volume_numerical())
+
+
+def testSageCommandLine():
+
+    sage_eval('Manifold("m004").ptolemy_variety(3,0).compute_solutions().check_against_manifold()',
+              { 'Manifold' : ManifoldGetter })
+
+
+def get_precomputed_magma(variety, dir):
+    magma_file_name = os.path.join(dir,
+                        variety.filename_base() + '.magma_out.bz2')
+    return bz2.BZ2File(magma_file_name,'r').read().decode('ascii')
+
+
+def compute_using_precomputed_magma(variety, dir=testing_files_directory):
+    return solutions_from_magma(get_precomputed_magma(variety, dir))
+
+
+def test_induced_representation():
+
+    M = ManifoldGetter("m015")
+    variety__sl2_c1 = M.ptolemy_variety(2, obstruction_class=1)
+    variety__sl3_c0 = M.ptolemy_variety(3, obstruction_class=0)
+
+    solutions__sl2_c1 = compute_using_precomputed_magma(
+        variety__sl2_c1, dir=testing_files_generalized_directory)
+    solutions__sl3_c0 = compute_using_precomputed_magma(
+        variety__sl3_c0, dir=testing_files_generalized_directory)
+
+    # Check that is_real
+
+    got_exception = False
+    try:
+        solutions__sl3_c0[0].cross_ratios().is_real(epsilon=1e-80)
+    except:
+        got_exception = True
+    assert got_exception, (
+        "Expected error when calling is_real on exact solution")
+
+    # For each component of sl3 c0, determine the number
+    # of solutions which are real vs number of all solutions
+
+    numbers_all_and_real = []
+    for component in solutions__sl3_c0:
+        number_real = 0
+        number_all = 0
+        for z in component.cross_ratios_numerical():
+            if z.is_real(epsilon=1e-80):
+                number_real += 1
+            number_all += 1
+        numbers_all_and_real.append((number_all, number_real))
+
+    # Bring into canonical form
+    numbers_all_and_real.sort()
+
+    expected_numbers = [
+        (3, 1), # component has 3 solutions, 1 of them has real cross ratios
+        (4, 2),
+        (6, 0) ]
+
+    assert numbers_all_and_real == expected_numbers, (
+        "Order of components and number of real solutions is off")
+
+    # Check is_induced_from_psl2
+
+    number_psl2 = 0
+
+    for component in solutions__sl3_c0:
+        if component.cross_ratios().is_induced_from_psl2():
+            number_psl2 += 1
+
+    assert number_psl2 == 1, "Only one component can come from psl2"
+
+    number_psl2 = 0
+
+    for component in solutions__sl3_c0:
+        is_induced_from_psl2 = [z.is_induced_from_psl2(epsilon=1e-80)
+                                for z in component.cross_ratios_numerical()]
+        if any(is_induced_from_psl2):
+            number_psl2 += 1
+            assert all(is_induced_from_psl2), "Mixed up is_induced_from_psl2"
+
+    assert number_psl2 == 1, (
+        "Only one component can come from psl2 (numerically)")
+
+    # Check that induced_representation for sl3 throws error
+    got_exception = False
+    try:
+        solutions__sl3_c0[0].cross_ratios().induced_representation(3)
+    except:
+        got_exception = True
+    assert got_exception, (
+        "Expected error when calling induced_representation on sl3")
+
+    # Check that induced_representation(3) works for m015
+
+    m015_volume = pari("2.828122088330783162763898809276634942770981317300649477043520327258802548322471630936947017929999108")
+
+    z = solutions__sl2_c1[0].cross_ratios().induced_representation(3)
+    assert z.is_induced_from_psl2(), (
+        "induced_representation failed to be detected as being induced")
+
+    assert z.check_against_manifold, (
+        "induced_representation fails to be valid")
+
+    for v in z.volume_numerical():
+        assert v.abs() < 1e-80 or (v.abs() - 4 * m015_volume).abs() < 1e-80, (
+            "Did not get expected voluem for induced representation")
+
+    for z in solutions__sl2_c1[0].cross_ratios_numerical():
+        v = z.induced_representation(3).volume_numerical()
+        assert v.abs() < 1e-80 or (v.abs() - 4 * m015_volume).abs() < 1e-80, (
+            "Did not get expected voluem for induced representation")
+
+
+def test_induced_sl4_representation():
+    M = Manifold("m004")
+
+    z_gl2 = ptolemy.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold(M)
+    z_gl4 = z_gl2.induced_representation(4)
+
+    G = M.fundamental_group()
+
+    mat = z_gl4.evaluate_word(G.relators()[0], G)
+
+    for i, row in enumerate(mat):
+        for j, entry in enumerate(row):
+            if i == j:
+                assert abs(entry - 1) < 1e-9
+            else:
+                assert abs(entry) < 1e-9
+
+
+def test_num_obstruction_class_match():
+    from snappy import OrientableCuspedCensus
+
+    for M in (list(OrientableCuspedCensus()[0:5]) +
+              list(OrientableCuspedCensus()[10000:10005])):
+        N = NTriangulationForPtolemy(M._to_string())
+
+        assert len(M.ptolemy_obstruction_classes()) == len(N.ptolemy_obstruction_classes())
+
+        for i in range(2,6):
+            assert len(M.ptolemy_generalized_obstruction_classes(i)) == len(N.ptolemy_generalized_obstruction_classes(i))
+
+def run_ptolemy_tests_raising_exceptions(print_info=True):
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing in sage:", _within_sage)
+
+        print("Testing in regina:", test_regina)
+
+    if test_regina:
+        if print_info:
+            print("Testing that regina agrees with snappy obstruction classes")
+        test_num_obstruction_class_match()
+
+    if not test_regina:
+        if print_info:
+            print("Testing Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold...")
+
+        test_flattenings_from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold()
+
+    if test_regina and not compute_solutions:
+        print("regina testing requires --compute")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    old_precision = pari.set_real_precision(100)
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing induced representation...")
+
+    test_induced_representation()
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing induced SL(4,C) representation...")
+
+    test_induced_sl4_representation()
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Running manifold tests for generalized obstruction class...")
+
+    testGeneralizedObstructionClass(compute_solutions, print_info=print_info)
+
+    if not test_regina:
+        if print_info:
+            print("Testing RUR for m052__sl3_c0.rur")
+
+        testMapleLikeRur()
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing numerical solution retrieval method...")
+
+    testNumericalSolutions()
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Testing geometricRep...")
+    testGeometricRep(compute_solutions, print_info=print_info)
+
+    if _within_sage:
+        if print_info:
+            print("Testing in sage command line...")
+        testSageCommandLine()
+
+    if print_info:
+        print("Running manifold tests...")
+
+    # Test for a non-hyperbolic manifold
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('0') ]
+    test__3_1__2 = (ManifoldGetter("3_1"),  # Manifold
+                    2,      # N = 2
+                    cvols,  # expected complex volumes
+                    False)  # No non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Test for 4_1, amphichiral, expect zero CS
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        2 * vol_tet
+        ]
+    test__4_1__2 = (ManifoldGetter("4_1"),  # Manifold
+                    2,      # N = 2
+                    cvols,  # expected complex volumes
+                    False)   # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # N = 3
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari(0),
+        2 * 4 * vol_tet
+        ]
+    test__4_1__3 = (ManifoldGetter("4_1"),  # Manifold
+                    3,      # N = 3
+                    cvols,  # expected complex volumes
+                    False)   # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # N = 4
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        2 * 10 * vol_tet,
+        pari('8.355502146379565994303773768814775354386025704336131822255670190659042090899812770381061831431114740 - 0.7836375483069721973241186952472609466029570462055317453592429525294418326815666413123016980810744089*I'),
+        pari('7.327724753417752120436828119459072886193194994253377074131984956974104158210038155834852103408920850'),
+        pari('4.260549384199988638895626360783795200167603461491438308495654794999595513880915593832371886868625127 + 0.1361281655780504266700965891301086052404492485996004213292764928775628027210816440355745847599247091*I'),
+        pari('3.276320849776062968038680855240250653840691843746753028019901828179320044237305241434903501877259688 + 0.03882948511714102091208888807575164800651790439786747350853616215556190252003379560451275222880494392*I'),
+        pari('3.230859569867059515989136707781810556962637199799080875515780771251800351524537196576706995730457048')
+        ]
+
+    # amphicheiral, so complex volumes should appear in pairs
+
+    cvols = cvols + [cvol.conj() for cvol in cvols]
+
+    test__4_1__4 = (ManifoldGetter("4_1"),  # Manifold
+                    4,      # N = 2
+                    cvols,  # expected complex volumes
+                    True)   # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Test for 5_2, expect non-trivial CS
+    # Number field has one real embedding with non-trival CS
+    # And one pair of complex embeddings with non-trivial CS
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('+ 1.113454552473924010022656943451126420312050780921075311799926598907813005362784871512051614741669817*I'),
+        pari('2.828122088330783162763898809276634942770981317300649477043520327258802548322471630936947017929999108 - 3.024128376509301659719951221694600993984450242270735312503300643508917708286193746506469158300472966*I')
+        ]
+    test__5_2__2 = (ManifoldGetter("5_2"),  # Manifold
+                    2,      # N = 2
+                    cvols,  # expected complex volumes
+                    False)   # expect no non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # m015 which is isometric to 5_2
+    # This example is also appearing on the website
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('+ 0.4033353624187061319128390413376061001062613536896471642214173008084760853375773296525240139108027276*I'),
+        pari('- 0.4809839906489832693266177261335698864086465799360940660069682924787703897584631354526802428925968492*I'),
+        pari('+ 0.6579736267392905745889660666584100756875799604827193750942232917480029881612803495334515602479034826*I'),
+        pari('- 0.6579736267392905745889660666584100756875799604827193750942232917480029881612803495334515602479034826*I'),
+        pari('6.332666642499251344664115407516762513592210378740462564820401485540596854320653136703448734707430999 + 0.6207993522147601522797880626542095445563442737585756367570704642807656925328117720905524433544779886*I'),
+        pari('11.31248835332313265105559523710653977108392526920259790817408130903521019328988652374778807171999643 - 0.5819750380996215835728987202562276514051516606353521858642949684456185403223688691904743288635809278*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__m015__3 = (ManifoldGetter("m015"),   # Manifold
+                     3,     # N = 3
+                     cvols, # expected volumes
+                     False)   # expect no non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Test for m135
+    # Ptolemy Variety has one non-zero dimensional component
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('3.66386237670887606021841405972953644309659749712668853706599247848705207910501907791742605170446042499429769047678479831614359521330343623772637894992 + 4.93480220054467930941724549993807556765684970362039531320667468811002241120960262150088670185927611591201295688701157203888617406101502336380530883900*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__m135__2 = (ManifoldGetter("m135"),   # Manifold
+                     2,           # N = 2
+                     cvols,       # expected volumes
+                     True)        # expect a non-zero dimensional component
+
+    # Test for s000
+    # Number field has one real embedding with non-trival CS
+    # And two complex embeddings with non-trivial CS
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('3.296902414326637335562593088559162089146991699269941951875989849869324250860299302482577730785960256 + 0.4908671850777469648812718224097607532197026477625119178645010117072332396428578681905186509136879130*I'),
+        pari('2.270424126345803402614201085375714538056567876339790536089272218685353247084791707534069624462050547 - 0.4107712000441024931074403997367404299427214514732528671142771778838924102954454212055598588991237349*I'),
+        pari('0.8061270618942289713279174295562193428686541442399728535727328789432842090598108984711933183445551654 - 0.08009598503364447177383142267302032327698119628925905075022383382334082934741244698495879201456417902*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__s000__2 = (ManifoldGetter("s000"),  # Manifold
+                     2,       # N = 2
+                     cvols,   # expected complex volumes
+                     False)   # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Test for v0000
+    # This also tests the case of having more than one (here two)
+    # cusps
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('3.377597408231442496961257171798882829176020069714519460350380851901055794392493960110119513942153791 + 0.3441889979504813554136570264352067044809511501367282461849580661783699588789118851518262199077361427*I'),
+        pari('1.380586178282342062845519278761524817753278777803238623999221385504661588501960339341800843520223671 + 0.06704451876157525370444676522629959282378632516497136324893149116413190872188833330658100524720353406*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__v0000__2 = (ManifoldGetter("v0000"),  # Manifold
+                      2,       # N = 2
+                      cvols,   # expected complex volumes
+                      False)   # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Test for t00000
+    # This also tests the case of having more than one (here two)
+    # cusps
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected Complex volumes
+        pari('1.801231981344929412976326011175173926741195258454700704383597306674496002389749200442131507334117933 - 0.5490336239273931479260463113980794374780078424892352183284248305887346671477869107359071072271699046*I'),
+        pari('3.434540885902563701250335473165274495380101665474171663779718033441916041515556280543077990039279103 - 0.2258335622748003900958464044389939976977579115267501160859900439335840118881246299028850924706341411*I'),
+        pari('2.781430316400743786576311128801205534982324055570742403430395886754122643539081915302290955978507418 - 0.1135489194824466736456241002458946823709871812077727407261274931826622024508518397031626436088171650*I'),
+        pari('0.6223401945262803853426860070209275705147832620602921139947907237662088851273537136119288228151713940 + 0.06594907226052699343130923275995552293727798462035885627276325301997714628516294342514039299674185799*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__t00000__2 = (ManifoldGetter("t00000"),  # Manifold
+                      2,          # N = 2
+                      cvols,      # expected complex volumes
+                      False)      # expect non-zero dimensional components
+
+    # Check a big link
+    # Also an example from the website
+
+    magma_file_name = os.path.join(testing_files_directory,
+                       'DT_mcbbiceaibjklmdfgh__sl2_c0.magma_out.bz2')
+    magma_file = bz2.BZ2File(magma_file_name, 'r').read().decode('ascii')
+    M = get_manifold(magma_file)
+
+    cvols = [ # Expected complex volumes
+        pari('+ 0.7322614121694386973039290771667413108310290182470824825342304051284154933661673470336385959164416421*I'),
+        pari('+ 0.6559698855197901194421542799077526971594537987318704612418448259078988296037785866985260815280619566*I'),
+        pari('+ 0.2247361398283578756297647616373802721002644994163825408181485469244129408530290519698535075998585820*I'),
+        pari('- 0.2027422644881176424634704044404281277501368039784045126270573672316679046996639567741375438621581585*I'),
+        pari('- 0.5165804080147074827389022895582362309867052040022748905555220755792330887283843134684241943604049933*I'),
+        pari('- 0.6947370811282851128538476965898593866158843479399924653138487625940910866865914821776342801425993440*I'),
+        pari('0.5540930202692745891960825388466975825977590423995169588735760161940190344506116205300980253997539517 + 0.4068295289298811130481298436200768517194764143946539028521976313233755795250413907401491036923026977*I'),
+        pari('1.107573735539315638081527574351339252286206152514359620788778723352858972530297840033883810630372795 - 0.5969698437345460065934215233692845699554045087887375026603956452869723823599605032061849791769108861*I'),
+        pari('2.930037687027569312623189945781681052278144410906236798293622026086427321638842320557907595726492995 + 0.3289208659101980133472847400704889056725461985759517831954390384444124055329869355087545294359968288*I'),
+        pari('3.125178220789358723184584053682215536632004045535766511323850625359539915401419555941250425818672532 - 0.3045460696329709194663539414577718771554887499547088593863438059068830455709928110292357447645590516*I'),
+        pari('4.421889017241566419690868074785716366646707154662264036268588279252613543336245268108457201245088608 + 0.6139898590804745843458673335891956572719167936270349811550161917334120397060146434004694625036091183*I'),
+        pari('5.114841460302400721438106628468470523914735245629326811523719108779649554034504844499930511307337652 - 0.05922105399342951023220969900445652084832276940306885833938997476066822991673855494231393721309130829*I'),
+        pari('6.222431566185758097679258799420253341029081314309961806975091338751806200485840320374430035873760649 - 0.4263260019368806638768168211894976779995931712761356294379973306148491137274105197747275282097587014*I'),
+        pari('9.266495487232495996324305783134684559241087943387258046228284813849170601366096263130956023317432143 + 0.03172800820055749085258729263585301130211316529809616828980203075096987437740390637996179595789268661*I'),
+        pari('11.33736073062520808632824769184286601589152410942391317127856679767752551409389094871647937428783709 - 0.5767482750608833159526763068340021498631801513808564565980389960163842898485087439099502988183940450*I'),
+        pari('12.48005937399413830153052941177305767103579608241815594942757035041902652992672347868089986739774396 + 0.4828891402943609873677952178777231024869262986704386628808130740557195704279966401921665132533128189*I')
+        ]
+
+    test__morwen_link__2 = (M , # Manifold
+                            2,       # N = 2
+                            cvols,   # expected complex volumes
+                            False)   # expect no non-zero dimensional components
+
+    test_cases = [ test__3_1__2,
+                   test__4_1__2,
+                   test__5_2__2,
+                   test__m135__2,
+                   test__s000__2,
+                   test__v0000__2,
+                   test__t00000__2,
+                   test__morwen_link__2,
+                   test__4_1__3,
+                   test__m015__3,
+                   test__4_1__4]
+
+    pari.set_real_precision(old_precision)
+
+    for manifold, N, cvols, expect_non_zero_dim in test_cases:
+
+        if print_info:
+            print("Checking for", manifold.name(), "N = %d" % N)
+
+        testComputeSolutionsForManifold(
+            manifold, N,
+            compute_solutions=compute_solutions,
+            baseline_cvolumes=cvols,
+            expect_non_zero_dimensional=expect_non_zero_dim,
+            print_info=print_info)
+
+def run_ptolemy_tests(verbose=False, print_info=True):
+    try:
+        run_ptolemy_tests_raising_exceptions(
+            print_info=print_info)
+        return doctest.TestResults(failed=0, attempted=1)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print()
+        print("FAILED TEST in Ptolemy. Exception is:")
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        print()
+        return doctest.TestResults(failed=1, attempted=1)
+
+run_ptolemy_tests.__name__ = ptolemy.__name__ + ' (non-doc tests)'
+
+modules = [ptolemy.component,
+           ptolemy.coordinates,
+           ptolemy.manifoldMethods,
+           ptolemy.matrix,
+           ptolemy.polynomial,
+           ptolemy.processFileBase,
+           ptolemy.processMagmaFile,
+           ptolemy.processRurFile,
+           ptolemy.ptolemyObstructionClass,
+           ptolemy.ptolemyVariety,
+           ptolemy.rur,
+           ptolemy.utilities]
+if test_regina:
+    modules.append(ptolemy.reginaWrapper)
+
+def run_doctests(verbose=False, print_info=True):
+    return doctest_modules(
+        modules,
+        verbose=verbose, print_info=print_info)
+
+run_doctests.__name__ = ptolemy.__name__
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    verbose = '-v' in sys.argv[1:] or '--verbose' in sys.argv[1:]
+
+    result = run_doctests(verbose=verbose, print_info=True)
+    if result.failed:
+        sys.exit(result.failed)
+
+    result = run_ptolemy_tests(verbose=verbose, print_info=True)
+    sys.exit(result.failed)