snappy 3.1__cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl → 3.2__cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl
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- snappy/CyOpenGL.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
- snappy/SnapPy.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
- snappy/SnapPyHP.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
- snappy/__init__.py +299 -402
- snappy/app.py +70 -20
- snappy/browser.py +18 -17
- snappy/canonical.py +249 -0
- snappy/{verify/cusp_shapes.py → cusps/__init__.py} +8 -18
- snappy/cusps/cusp_area_matrix.py +101 -0
- snappy/{verify/cusp_areas.py → cusps/cusp_areas_from_matrix.py} +23 -39
- snappy/cusps/maximal_cusp_area_matrix.py +136 -0
- snappy/cusps/test.py +21 -0
- snappy/cusps/trig_cusp_area_matrix.py +63 -0
- snappy/database.py +10 -9
- snappy/decorated_isosig.py +337 -114
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/complexVolumesClosed.py +40 -7
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/extended.py +3 -3
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/phc_wrapper.py +10 -10
- snappy/dev/vericlosed/oneVertexTruncatedComplex.py +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_images/m004_paper_plane_on_systole.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/m125_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane_closer.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_sources/additional_classes.rst.txt +40 -40
- snappy/doc/_sources/bugs.rst.txt +14 -14
- snappy/doc/_sources/censuses.rst.txt +51 -51
- snappy/doc/_sources/credits.rst.txt +75 -70
- snappy/doc/_sources/development.rst.txt +259 -239
- snappy/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt +182 -115
- snappy/doc/_sources/installing.rst.txt +247 -264
- snappy/doc/_sources/manifold.rst.txt +6 -6
- snappy/doc/_sources/manifoldhp.rst.txt +46 -46
- snappy/doc/_sources/news.rst.txt +355 -283
- snappy/doc/_sources/other.rst.txt +25 -25
- snappy/doc/_sources/platonic_census.rst.txt +20 -20
- snappy/doc/_sources/plink.rst.txt +102 -102
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy.rst.txt +66 -66
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_classes.rst.txt +42 -42
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples1.rst.txt +298 -297
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples2.rst.txt +363 -363
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples3.rst.txt +301 -301
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples4.rst.txt +61 -61
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_prelim.rst.txt +105 -105
- snappy/doc/_sources/screenshots.rst.txt +21 -21
- snappy/doc/_sources/snap.rst.txt +87 -87
- snappy/doc/_sources/snappy.rst.txt +28 -28
- snappy/doc/_sources/spherogram.rst.txt +103 -103
- snappy/doc/_sources/todo.rst.txt +47 -47
- snappy/doc/_sources/triangulation.rst.txt +11 -11
- snappy/doc/_sources/tutorial.rst.txt +49 -49
- snappy/doc/_sources/verify.rst.txt +210 -150
- snappy/doc/_sources/verify_internals.rst.txt +79 -90
- snappy/doc/_static/basic.css +924 -902
- snappy/doc/_static/css/badge_only.css +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/css/theme.css +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/doctools.js +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/documentation_options.js +12 -13
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/js/versions.js +228 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/language_data.js +199 -199
- snappy/doc/_static/pygments.css +74 -73
- snappy/doc/_static/searchtools.js +125 -71
- snappy/doc/_static/snappy_furo.css +33 -33
- snappy/doc/_static/snappy_sphinx_rtd_theme.css +42 -42
- snappy/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js +13 -3
- snappy/doc/additional_classes.html +1499 -1330
- snappy/doc/bugs.html +131 -134
- snappy/doc/censuses.html +426 -445
- snappy/doc/credits.html +180 -180
- snappy/doc/development.html +383 -363
- snappy/doc/genindex.html +1330 -1409
- snappy/doc/index.html +261 -206
- snappy/doc/installing.html +345 -363
- snappy/doc/manifold.html +3451 -2839
- snappy/doc/manifoldhp.html +179 -182
- snappy/doc/news.html +387 -329
- snappy/doc/objects.inv +0 -0
- snappy/doc/other.html +160 -162
- snappy/doc/platonic_census.html +374 -377
- snappy/doc/plink.html +209 -212
- snappy/doc/ptolemy.html +253 -255
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_classes.html +1143 -1146
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples1.html +408 -410
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples2.html +470 -473
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples3.html +413 -416
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples4.html +194 -197
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_prelim.html +247 -250
- snappy/doc/py-modindex.html +164 -167
- snappy/doc/screenshots.html +140 -142
- snappy/doc/search.html +134 -137
- snappy/doc/searchindex.js +1 -1
- snappy/doc/snap.html +201 -204
- snappy/doc/snappy.html +180 -182
- snappy/doc/spherogram.html +1210 -1213
- snappy/doc/todo.html +165 -168
- snappy/doc/triangulation.html +1583 -1474
- snappy/doc/tutorial.html +158 -161
- snappy/doc/verify.html +329 -275
- snappy/doc/verify_internals.html +1234 -1691
- snappy/drilling/__init__.py +153 -235
- snappy/drilling/barycentric.py +103 -0
- snappy/drilling/constants.py +0 -2
- snappy/drilling/crush.py +56 -130
- snappy/drilling/cusps.py +12 -6
- snappy/drilling/debug.py +2 -1
- snappy/drilling/exceptions.py +7 -40
- snappy/drilling/moves.py +302 -243
- snappy/drilling/perturb.py +63 -37
- snappy/drilling/shorten.py +36 -0
- snappy/drilling/subdivide.py +0 -5
- snappy/drilling/test.py +23 -0
- snappy/drilling/test_cases.py +126 -0
- snappy/drilling/tracing.py +9 -37
- snappy/exceptions.py +18 -5
- snappy/exterior_to_link/barycentric_geometry.py +2 -4
- snappy/exterior_to_link/main.py +8 -7
- snappy/exterior_to_link/mcomplex_with_link.py +2 -2
- snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra.py +1 -1
- snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra_wrapped.py +1 -1
- snappy/exterior_to_link/test.py +21 -33
- snappy/geometric_structure/__init__.py +212 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/__init__.py +3 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/complex_cusp_cross_section.py +697 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/cusp_cross_section_base.py +484 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/exceptions.py +42 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/real_cusp_cross_section.py +298 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/tiles_for_cusp_neighborhood.py +159 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/vertices.py +32 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/__init__.py +0 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/add_core_curves.py +152 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/avoid_core_curves.py +369 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/canonical_keys.py +52 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/check_away_from_core_curve.py +60 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/constants.py +6 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/exceptions.py +22 -0
- snappy/{drilling → geometric_structure/geodesic}/fixed_points.py +34 -9
- snappy/{drilling/geodesic_info.py → geometric_structure/geodesic/geodesic_start_point_info.py} +139 -180
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/graph_trace_helper.py +67 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/line.py +30 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/multiplicity.py +127 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/tiles_for_geodesic.py +101 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/test.py +22 -0
- snappy/gui.py +23 -13
- snappy/horoviewer.py +7 -7
- snappy/hyperboloid/__init__.py +96 -31
- snappy/hyperboloid/distances.py +245 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/horoball.py +19 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/line.py +35 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/point.py +9 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/triangle.py +29 -0
- snappy/isometry_signature.py +382 -0
- snappy/len_spec/__init__.py +596 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_info.py +110 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_key_info_dict.py +117 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_piece.py +143 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geometric_structure.py +182 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geometry.py +80 -0
- snappy/len_spec/length_spectrum_geodesic_info.py +170 -0
- snappy/len_spec/spine.py +206 -0
- snappy/len_spec/test.py +24 -0
- snappy/len_spec/test_cases.py +69 -0
- snappy/len_spec/tile.py +275 -0
- snappy/len_spec/word.py +86 -0
- snappy/math_basics.py +39 -13
- snappy/matrix.py +52 -9
- snappy/number.py +12 -6
- snappy/numeric_output_checker.py +2 -3
- snappy/pari.py +8 -4
- snappy/phone_home.py +2 -1
- snappy/polyviewer.py +8 -8
- snappy/ptolemy/__init__.py +1 -1
- snappy/ptolemy/component.py +2 -2
- snappy/ptolemy/coordinates.py +25 -25
- snappy/ptolemy/findLoops.py +9 -9
- snappy/ptolemy/manifoldMethods.py +27 -29
- snappy/ptolemy/polynomial.py +50 -57
- snappy/ptolemy/processFileBase.py +60 -0
- snappy/ptolemy/ptolemyVariety.py +109 -41
- snappy/ptolemy/reginaWrapper.py +4 -4
- snappy/ptolemy/rur.py +1 -1
- snappy/ptolemy/solutionsToPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.py +9 -9
- snappy/ptolemy/test.py +99 -54
- snappy/ptolemy/utilities.py +1 -1
- snappy/raytracing/__init__.py +64 -0
- snappy/raytracing/additional_horospheres.py +64 -0
- snappy/raytracing/additional_len_spec_choices.py +63 -0
- snappy/raytracing/cohomology_fractal.py +0 -3
- snappy/raytracing/eyeball.py +123 -0
- snappy/raytracing/finite_raytracing_data.py +17 -17
- snappy/raytracing/finite_viewer.py +15 -15
- snappy/raytracing/geodesic_tube_info.py +93 -63
- snappy/raytracing/geodesics.py +94 -64
- snappy/raytracing/geodesics_window.py +56 -34
- snappy/raytracing/gui_utilities.py +21 -6
- snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_navigation.py +29 -4
- snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_utilities.py +73 -73
- snappy/raytracing/ideal_raytracing_data.py +121 -91
- snappy/raytracing/inside_viewer.py +199 -66
- snappy/raytracing/pack.py +22 -0
- snappy/raytracing/raytracing_data.py +37 -25
- snappy/raytracing/raytracing_view.py +70 -65
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/Eye.png +0 -0
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/NonGeometric.png +0 -0
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/__init__.py +39 -3
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/fragment.glsl +451 -133
- snappy/raytracing/test.py +29 -0
- snappy/raytracing/tooltip.py +146 -0
- snappy/raytracing/upper_halfspace_utilities.py +42 -9
- snappy/sage_helper.py +67 -134
- snappy/settings.py +90 -77
- snappy/shell.py +2 -0
- snappy/snap/character_varieties.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/find_field.py +4 -3
- snappy/snap/fundamental_polyhedron.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/kernel_structures.py +5 -1
- snappy/snap/nsagetools.py +9 -8
- snappy/snap/peripheral/dual_cellulation.py +4 -3
- snappy/snap/peripheral/peripheral.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/peripheral/surface.py +5 -5
- snappy/snap/peripheral/test.py +1 -1
- snappy/snap/polished_reps.py +8 -8
- snappy/snap/slice_obs_HKL.py +16 -14
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/arrow.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/edge.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/homology.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/mcomplex.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/simplex.py +12 -0
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/spun.py +18 -17
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/test_vs_regina.py +4 -4
- snappy/snap/test.py +37 -53
- snappy/snap/utilities.py +4 -5
- snappy/test.py +121 -138
- snappy/test_cases.py +263 -0
- snappy/testing.py +131 -0
- snappy/tiling/__init__.py +2 -0
- snappy/tiling/canonical_key_dict.py +59 -0
- snappy/tiling/dict_based_set.py +79 -0
- snappy/tiling/floor.py +49 -0
- snappy/tiling/hyperboloid_dict.py +54 -0
- snappy/tiling/iter_utils.py +78 -0
- snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron.py +22 -0
- snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron_set.py +54 -0
- snappy/tiling/real_hash_dict.py +164 -0
- snappy/tiling/test.py +23 -0
- snappy/tiling/tile.py +215 -0
- snappy/tiling/triangle.py +33 -0
- snappy/tkterminal.py +116 -86
- snappy/twister/main.py +1 -7
- snappy/twister/twister_core.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
- snappy/upper_halfspace/__init__.py +78 -17
- snappy/verify/__init__.py +3 -7
- snappy/verify/{verifyCanonical.py → canonical.py} +78 -70
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/adjust_torsion.py +1 -2
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/closed.py +13 -13
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/cusped.py +6 -6
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/extended_bloch.py +5 -8
- snappy/verify/{cuspTranslations.py → cusp_translations.py} +1 -1
- snappy/verify/edge_equations.py +80 -0
- snappy/verify/exceptions.py +0 -55
- snappy/verify/{verifyHyperbolicity.py → hyperbolicity.py} +3 -3
- snappy/verify/interval_newton_shapes_engine.py +7 -5
- snappy/verify/interval_tree.py +5 -5
- snappy/verify/krawczyk_shapes_engine.py +17 -18
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__init__.py +7 -74
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_tiling_engine.py +3 -4
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_translate_engine.py +1 -1
- snappy/verify/{realAlgebra.py → real_algebra.py} +1 -1
- snappy/verify/shapes.py +5 -3
- snappy/verify/short_slopes.py +39 -41
- snappy/verify/{squareExtensions.py → square_extensions.py} +14 -11
- snappy/verify/test.py +57 -60
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/extended_matrix.py +1 -1
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/finite_point.py +3 -4
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/ideal_point.py +9 -9
- snappy/verify/volume.py +2 -2
- snappy/version.py +2 -2
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/METADATA +14 -10
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/RECORD +503 -0
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/WHEEL +1 -1
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/top_level.txt +6 -1
- snappy/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
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sage: C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec =
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|
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True
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sage: C.certified_shapes # doctest: +
|
|
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|
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(0.
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|
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">
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<span class="
|
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">
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<span class="
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">
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|
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|
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">
|
|
563
|
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<span class="kc">
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</dd></dl>
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|
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<dl class="py method">
|
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|
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.
|
|
652
|
-
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">
|
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653
|
-
<dd><p>
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654
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-
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<
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</
|
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<p>
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|
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<p>
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|
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<
|
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|
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sage:
|
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|
-
sage: LHSs = C.log_gluing_LHSs(shapes)
|
|
689
|
-
sage: LHSs # doctest: +
|
|
690
|
-
(0.
|
|
691
|
-
sage: zero in LHSs[0]
|
|
692
|
-
|
|
693
|
-
</pre></div>
|
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|
-
</div>
|
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|
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(
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</
|
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</dd></dl>
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<
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</
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-
|
|
720
|
-
|
|
721
|
-
<
|
|
722
|
-
|
|
723
|
-
|
|
724
|
-
|
|
725
|
-
|
|
726
|
-
|
|
727
|
-
|
|
728
|
-
|
|
729
|
-
|
|
730
|
-
<p>
|
|
731
|
-
|
|
732
|
-
|
|
733
|
-
|
|
734
|
-
|
|
735
|
-
|
|
736
|
-
|
|
737
|
-
|
|
738
|
-
|
|
739
|
-
|
|
740
|
-
|
|
741
|
-
</div>
|
|
742
|
-
|
|
743
|
-
|
|
744
|
-
|
|
745
|
-
|
|
746
|
-
|
|
747
|
-
|
|
748
|
-
|
|
749
|
-
|
|
750
|
-
</pre></
|
|
751
|
-
|
|
752
|
-
|
|
753
|
-
|
|
754
|
-
|
|
755
|
-
<
|
|
756
|
-
|
|
757
|
-
<
|
|
758
|
-
|
|
759
|
-
|
|
760
|
-
|
|
761
|
-
|
|
762
|
-
|
|
763
|
-
|
|
764
|
-
|
|
765
|
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|
|
766
|
-
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|
|
767
|
-
|
|
768
|
-
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|
|
769
|
-
|
|
770
|
-
|
|
771
|
-
|
|
772
|
-
|
|
773
|
-
|
|
774
|
-
|
|
775
|
-
|
|
776
|
-
|
|
777
|
-
|
|
778
|
-
|
|
779
|
-
|
|
780
|
-
|
|
781
|
-
|
|
782
|
-
|
|
783
|
-
|
|
784
|
-
|
|
785
|
-
|
|
786
|
-
|
|
787
|
-
|
|
788
|
-
</
|
|
789
|
-
|
|
790
|
-
|
|
791
|
-
|
|
792
|
-
<
|
|
793
|
-
<
|
|
794
|
-
|
|
795
|
-
|
|
796
|
-
|
|
797
|
-
|
|
798
|
-
|
|
799
|
-
|
|
800
|
-
<
|
|
801
|
-
<
|
|
802
|
-
|
|
803
|
-
<p>
|
|
804
|
-
|
|
805
|
-
</
|
|
806
|
-
|
|
807
|
-
<
|
|
808
|
-
<
|
|
809
|
-
|
|
810
|
-
|
|
811
|
-
<p>
|
|
812
|
-
|
|
813
|
-
|
|
814
|
-
|
|
815
|
-
|
|
816
|
-
<
|
|
817
|
-
|
|
818
|
-
|
|
819
|
-
|
|
820
|
-
|
|
821
|
-
|
|
822
|
-
|
|
823
|
-
|
|
824
|
-
|
|
825
|
-
|
|
826
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
827
|
-
|
|
828
|
-
|
|
829
|
-
<
|
|
830
|
-
<span
|
|
831
|
-
<
|
|
832
|
-
|
|
833
|
-
|
|
834
|
-
|
|
835
|
-
|
|
836
|
-
|
|
837
|
-
|
|
838
|
-
<p>
|
|
839
|
-
|
|
840
|
-
|
|
841
|
-
|
|
842
|
-
|
|
843
|
-
|
|
844
|
-
|
|
845
|
-
|
|
846
|
-
|
|
847
|
-
|
|
848
|
-
|
|
849
|
-
|
|
850
|
-
|
|
851
|
-
|
|
852
|
-
<p>
|
|
853
|
-
|
|
854
|
-
|
|
855
|
-
<p><
|
|
856
|
-
|
|
857
|
-
|
|
858
|
-
|
|
859
|
-
|
|
860
|
-
|
|
861
|
-
|
|
862
|
-
</
|
|
863
|
-
|
|
864
|
-
<
|
|
865
|
-
<
|
|
866
|
-
|
|
867
|
-
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|
|
868
|
-
|
|
869
|
-
|
|
870
|
-
|
|
871
|
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|
|
872
|
-
|
|
873
|
-
<
|
|
874
|
-
|
|
875
|
-
|
|
876
|
-
|
|
877
|
-
|
|
878
|
-
|
|
879
|
-
<
|
|
880
|
-
|
|
881
|
-
|
|
882
|
-
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|
|
883
|
-
<span class="
|
|
884
|
-
<span class="
|
|
885
|
-
<span class="
|
|
886
|
-
|
|
887
|
-
|
|
888
|
-
<
|
|
889
|
-
<
|
|
890
|
-
|
|
891
|
-
|
|
892
|
-
|
|
893
|
-
<
|
|
894
|
-
|
|
895
|
-
|
|
896
|
-
|
|
897
|
-
|
|
898
|
-
<p>
|
|
899
|
-
<p>
|
|
900
|
-
|
|
901
|
-
|
|
902
|
-
|
|
903
|
-
|
|
904
|
-
<p>
|
|
905
|
-
|
|
906
|
-
|
|
907
|
-
|
|
908
|
-
<p>
|
|
909
|
-
|
|
910
|
-
|
|
911
|
-
|
|
912
|
-
<p>
|
|
913
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.
|
|
914
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.
|
|
915
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.
|
|
916
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.
|
|
917
|
-
sage:
|
|
918
|
-
sage:
|
|
919
|
-
sage:
|
|
920
|
-
|
|
921
|
-
sage:
|
|
922
|
-
|
|
923
|
-
|
|
924
|
-
|
|
925
|
-
sage:
|
|
926
|
-
sage:
|
|
927
|
-
sage:
|
|
928
|
-
|
|
929
|
-
|
|
930
|
-
|
|
931
|
-
sage:
|
|
932
|
-
|
|
933
|
-
|
|
934
|
-
|
|
935
|
-
|
|
936
|
-
|
|
937
|
-
|
|
938
|
-
|
|
939
|
-
|
|
940
|
-
|
|
941
|
-
|
|
942
|
-
|
|
943
|
-
sage:
|
|
944
|
-
|
|
945
|
-
|
|
946
|
-
|
|
947
|
-
|
|
948
|
-
sage:
|
|
949
|
-
|
|
950
|
-
|
|
951
|
-
|
|
952
|
-
|
|
953
|
-
|
|
954
|
-
|
|
955
|
-
|
|
956
|
-
|
|
957
|
-
|
|
958
|
-
|
|
959
|
-
|
|
960
|
-
|
|
961
|
-
|
|
962
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
964
|
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|
|
965
|
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|
|
966
|
-
|
|
967
|
-
|
|
968
|
-
|
|
969
|
-
|
|
970
|
-
|
|
971
|
-
|
|
972
|
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|
|
973
|
-
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|
|
974
|
-
|
|
975
|
-
|
|
976
|
-
|
|
977
|
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|
|
978
|
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|
|
979
|
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|
|
980
|
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|
|
981
|
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|
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982
|
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|
|
983
|
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|
|
984
|
-
|
|
985
|
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|
|
986
|
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|
|
987
|
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|
|
988
|
-
|
|
989
|
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|
|
990
|
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|
|
991
|
-
|
|
992
|
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|
|
993
|
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|
|
994
|
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|
|
995
|
-
<span
|
|
996
|
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|
|
997
|
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|
|
998
|
-
|
|
999
|
-
|
|
1000
|
-
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|
|
1001
|
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|
|
1002
|
-
|
|
1003
|
-
|
|
1004
|
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|
|
1005
|
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|
|
1006
|
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|
|
1007
|
-
|
|
1008
|
-
|
|
1009
|
-
|
|
1010
|
-
|
|
1011
|
-
|
|
1012
|
-
<p>
|
|
1013
|
-
|
|
1014
|
-
</
|
|
1015
|
-
|
|
1016
|
-
<
|
|
1017
|
-
<
|
|
1018
|
-
|
|
1019
|
-
|
|
1020
|
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|
|
1021
|
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</
|
|
1022
|
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|
|
1023
|
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<
|
|
1024
|
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<
|
|
1025
|
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|
|
1026
|
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|
|
1027
|
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|
|
1028
|
-
|
|
1029
|
-
</
|
|
1030
|
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|
|
1031
|
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<
|
|
1032
|
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<
|
|
1033
|
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<
|
|
1034
|
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<
|
|
1035
|
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|
|
1036
|
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|
|
1037
|
-
|
|
1038
|
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</
|
|
1039
|
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|
|
1040
|
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|
|
1041
|
-
<
|
|
1042
|
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|
|
1043
|
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|
|
1044
|
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<p>
|
|
1045
|
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</
|
|
1046
|
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|
|
1047
|
-
<
|
|
1048
|
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|
|
1049
|
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|
|
1050
|
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|
|
1051
|
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|
|
1052
|
-
|
|
1053
|
-
|
|
1054
|
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|
|
1055
|
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|
|
1056
|
-
|
|
1057
|
-
|
|
1058
|
-
|
|
1059
|
-
|
|
1060
|
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|
|
1061
|
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|
|
1062
|
-
|
|
1063
|
-
|
|
1064
|
-
|
|
1065
|
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|
|
1066
|
-
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|
|
1067
|
-
|
|
1068
|
-
|
|
1069
|
-
|
|
1070
|
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|
|
1071
|
-
|
|
1072
|
-
|
|
1073
|
-
|
|
1074
|
-
|
|
1075
|
-
|
|
1076
|
-
|
|
1077
|
-
|
|
1078
|
-
|
|
1079
|
-
|
|
1080
|
-
|
|
1081
|
-
|
|
1082
|
-
<p>
|
|
1083
|
-
|
|
1084
|
-
|
|
1085
|
-
|
|
1086
|
-
|
|
1087
|
-
|
|
1088
|
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<
|
|
1089
|
-
|
|
1090
|
-
|
|
1091
|
-
|
|
1092
|
-
|
|
1093
|
-
|
|
1094
|
-
|
|
1095
|
-
</
|
|
1096
|
-
|
|
1097
|
-
|
|
1098
|
-
|
|
1099
|
-
|
|
1100
|
-
<
|
|
1101
|
-
|
|
1102
|
-
</
|
|
1103
|
-
|
|
1104
|
-
|
|
1105
|
-
|
|
1106
|
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<
|
|
1107
|
-
<
|
|
1108
|
-
|
|
1109
|
-
|
|
1110
|
-
|
|
1111
|
-
|
|
1112
|
-
|
|
1113
|
-
|
|
1114
|
-
<
|
|
1115
|
-
|
|
1116
|
-
<p>The
|
|
1117
|
-
|
|
1118
|
-
|
|
1119
|
-
|
|
1120
|
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|
|
1121
|
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|
|
1122
|
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<
|
|
1123
|
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|
|
1124
|
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|
|
1125
|
-
|
|
1126
|
-
|
|
1127
|
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|
|
1128
|
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<
|
|
1129
|
-
|
|
1130
|
-
|
|
1131
|
-
|
|
1132
|
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|
|
1133
|
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|
|
1134
|
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<
|
|
1135
|
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<
|
|
1136
|
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|
|
1137
|
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|
|
1138
|
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|
|
1139
|
-
|
|
1140
|
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|
|
1141
|
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|
|
1142
|
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|
|
1143
|
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|
|
1144
|
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|
|
1145
|
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|
|
1146
|
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|
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|
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|
|
1148
|
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|
|
1149
|
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|
|
1150
|
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|
|
1151
|
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|
|
1152
|
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|
|
1153
|
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|
|
1154
|
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|
|
1155
|
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|
|
1156
|
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|
|
1157
|
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|
|
1158
|
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|
|
1159
|
-
|
|
1160
|
-
|
|
1161
|
-
|
|
1162
|
-
|
|
1163
|
-
<dl class="py
|
|
1164
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.
|
|
1165
|
-
<
|
|
1166
|
-
<dd><p>
|
|
1167
|
-
|
|
1168
|
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|
|
1169
|
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|
|
1170
|
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<
|
|
1171
|
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|
|
1172
|
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|
|
1173
|
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|
|
1174
|
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|
|
1175
|
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|
|
1176
|
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|
|
1177
|
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|
|
1178
|
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|
|
1179
|
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</
|
|
1180
|
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|
|
1181
|
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|
|
1182
|
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|
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|
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<span class="
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
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1187
|
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|
|
1188
|
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|
|
1189
|
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|
|
1190
|
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|
|
1191
|
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|
|
1192
|
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|
|
1193
|
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|
|
1194
|
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|
|
1195
|
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|
|
1196
|
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|
|
1197
|
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|
|
1198
|
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|
|
1199
|
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|
|
1200
|
-
|
|
1201
|
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|
|
1202
|
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|
|
1203
|
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|
|
1204
|
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|
|
1205
|
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</
|
|
1206
|
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|
|
1207
|
-
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|
|
1208
|
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<
|
|
1209
|
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|
|
1210
|
-
|
|
1211
|
-
|
|
1212
|
-
|
|
1213
|
-
|
|
1214
|
-
|
|
1215
|
-
<
|
|
1216
|
-
|
|
1217
|
-
|
|
1218
|
-
|
|
1219
|
-
</
|
|
1220
|
-
</
|
|
1221
|
-
|
|
1222
|
-
|
|
1223
|
-
|
|
1224
|
-
</
|
|
1225
|
-
</div>
|
|
1226
|
-
|
|
1227
|
-
|
|
1228
|
-
<
|
|
1229
|
-
|
|
1230
|
-
|
|
1231
|
-
|
|
1232
|
-
|
|
1233
|
-
|
|
1234
|
-
|
|
1235
|
-
sage: exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation(M, 500, 6) # doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
1236
|
-
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
1237
|
-
...
|
|
1238
|
-
TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that tilt is negative has failed, tilt is actually positive. This is provably not the proto-canonical triangulation: 0.1645421638874662848910671879? <= 0
|
|
1239
|
-
</pre></div>
|
|
1240
|
-
</div>
|
|
1241
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1242
|
-
|
|
1243
|
-
</section>
|
|
1244
|
-
<section id="module-snappy.verify.squareExtensions">
|
|
1245
|
-
<span id="exact-computations-for-cusp-cross-sections"></span><h2>Exact computations for cusp cross sections<a class="headerlink" href="#module-snappy.verify.squareExtensions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
1246
|
-
<p>The squareExtensions module provides
|
|
1247
|
-
two special classes to give exact representations of the values
|
|
1248
|
-
involved when computing a cusp cross section.</p>
|
|
1249
|
-
<p>The method find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations returns a list of
|
|
1250
|
-
shapes as ComplexSqrtLinCombination’s. This can be used as input to
|
|
1251
|
-
CuspCrossSection. The outputs of CuspCrossSection, including the tilts, will
|
|
1252
|
-
then be of type SqrtLinCombination.</p>
|
|
1253
|
-
<p>Consider the real number field N generated by the real and imaginary part of
|
|
1254
|
-
the shapes. The edge lengths and the factors used to normalize the cusp areas
|
|
1255
|
-
will be square roots in N and thus the tilts will be N-linear combinations of
|
|
1256
|
-
square roots in N. To avoid computing in a massive tower of square extensions
|
|
1257
|
-
of N, we implement SqrtLinCombination here that provides a special
|
|
1258
|
-
implementation of the == operator.</p>
|
|
1259
|
-
<dl class="py function">
|
|
1260
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations">
|
|
1261
|
-
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.squareExtensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prec</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">degree</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1262
|
-
<dd><p>Given a manifold M, use snap (which uses LLL-algorithm) with the given
|
|
1263
|
-
decimal precision and maximal degree to find exact values for the shapes’
|
|
1264
|
-
real and imaginary part. Return the shapes as list of
|
|
1265
|
-
ComplexSqrtLinCombination’s. Return None on failure.</p>
|
|
1266
|
-
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
1267
|
-
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
1268
|
-
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m412"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
1269
|
-
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
1270
|
-
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))]</span>
|
|
1271
|
-
</pre></div>
|
|
1272
|
-
</div>
|
|
1273
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1274
|
-
|
|
1275
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1276
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination">
|
|
1277
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.squareExtensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SqrtLinCombination</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">embed_cache</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1278
|
-
<dd><p>A class representing a linear combination</p>
|
|
1279
|
-
<blockquote>
|
|
1280
|
-
<div><p>c_1 * sqrt(r_1) + c_2 * sqrt(r_2) + … + c_n * sqrt(r_n)</p>
|
|
1281
|
-
</div></blockquote>
|
|
1282
|
-
<p>where c_i and r_i have to be of type Integer, Rational or elements
|
|
1283
|
-
of the same Sage NumberField with a real embedding (Caution: this is
|
|
1284
|
-
assumed but not checked!) such that all r_i are positive (Caution: this is
|
|
1285
|
-
not checked during construction!).</p>
|
|
1286
|
-
<p>It implements +, -, * where one of the operators is allowed to be an
|
|
1287
|
-
integer or rational.</p>
|
|
1288
|
-
<p>/ is only implemented when the denominator has only one term c_1 * sqrt(1).
|
|
1289
|
-
sqrt is only implemented for c_1 * sqrt(1) and it is not checked that
|
|
1290
|
-
c_1 is positive.</p>
|
|
1291
|
-
<p>== is implemented, but the other comparison operators are not: casting to
|
|
1292
|
-
a RealIntervalField is implemented instead and the user can compare the
|
|
1293
|
-
intervals.</p>
|
|
1294
|
-
<p>The == operator is implemented by first reducing A == B to D == 0 and then
|
|
1295
|
-
converting to a different data type (_FactorizedSqrtLinCombination) that can
|
|
1296
|
-
represent linear combinations:</p>
|
|
1297
|
-
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">D</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c_1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_1</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
1298
|
-
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c_2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_2</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
1299
|
-
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">...</span>
|
|
1300
|
-
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c_n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_n</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
1301
|
-
</pre></div>
|
|
1302
|
-
</div>
|
|
1303
|
-
<dl class="simple">
|
|
1304
|
-
<dt>by just trivially setting</dt><dd><p>k_i = 0 when r_i = 1 and
|
|
1305
|
-
r_{i,1} = r_i and k_1 = 1 otherwise.</p>
|
|
1306
|
-
</dd>
|
|
1307
|
-
</dl>
|
|
1308
|
-
<p>For this data type, multiplying two sqrt(r_{i,j}) with equal r_{i,j} will
|
|
1309
|
-
cancel the two sqrt’s and apply the common r_{i,j} to the c_i of the result
|
|
1310
|
-
instead. Thus, the following procedure for determining whether D == 0 will
|
|
1311
|
-
eventually terminate:</p>
|
|
1312
|
-
<ul class="simple">
|
|
1313
|
-
<li><p>if the number of terms n is 0, return True</p></li>
|
|
1314
|
-
<li><p>if the number of terms n is 1, return c_1 == 0</p></li>
|
|
1315
|
-
<li><p>if there is a r_{i,j} common to each summand, factor it out</p></li>
|
|
1316
|
-
<li><p>pick one of the r_{i,j}, split the sum into two parts “left”,
|
|
1317
|
-
respectively, “right” of all the terms containing sqrt(r_{i,j}),
|
|
1318
|
-
respectively, not containing sqrt(r_{i,j}).</p></li>
|
|
1319
|
-
<li><p>If left^2 - right^2 == 0 is False, return False.
|
|
1320
|
-
(sqrt(r_{i,j})^2 simplifies to r_{i,j} and disappears, so the resulting
|
|
1321
|
-
expression is easier and this recursion terminates eventually.)</p></li>
|
|
1322
|
-
<li><p>If left == 0 (some comment applies), return True</p></li>
|
|
1323
|
-
<li><p>Use interval arithmetic of increasing precision until it is high enough
|
|
1324
|
-
to determine the signs of left and right.
|
|
1325
|
-
Return True if and only if the signs differ, otherwise False.</p></li>
|
|
1326
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1327
|
-
<p>Examples:</p>
|
|
1328
|
-
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from sage.rings.number_field.number_field import NumberField
|
|
1329
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.integer import Integer
|
|
1330
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.rational import Rational
|
|
1331
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RealLiteral, RealField
|
|
1332
|
-
sage: from sage.rings.real_mpfi import RealIntervalField
|
|
1333
|
-
sage: from sage.calculus.var import var
|
|
1334
|
-
sage: from sage.functions.other import sqrt
|
|
1335
|
-
sage: x = var('x')
|
|
1336
|
-
sage: poly = x ** 6 + Rational((3,2))*x**4 + Rational((9,16))*x**2 - Rational((23,64))
|
|
1337
|
-
sage: nf = NumberField(poly, 'z', embedding = RealField()(0.56227951206))
|
|
1338
|
-
sage: z = nf.gen()
|
|
1339
|
-
|
|
1340
|
-
sage: A = SqrtLinCombination(z)
|
|
1341
|
-
sage: B = SqrtLinCombination(Rational((8,9))*z**4 + Rational((10,9))*z**2 + Rational((2,9)))
|
|
1342
|
-
sage: C = SqrtLinCombination(3)
|
|
1343
|
-
sage: D = SqrtLinCombination(Integer(5))
|
|
1344
|
-
sage: E = SqrtLinCombination(Rational((6,7)))
|
|
1345
|
-
|
|
1346
|
-
sage: A + B
|
|
1347
|
-
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9) * sqrt(1)
|
|
1348
|
-
sage: B - E
|
|
1349
|
-
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 - 40/63) * sqrt(1)
|
|
1350
|
-
sage: A + sqrt(B) * sqrt(B)
|
|
1351
|
-
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9) * sqrt(1)
|
|
1352
|
-
sage: A + sqrt(B) * sqrt(B) + C == A + B + C
|
|
1353
|
-
True
|
|
1354
|
-
sage: A / E
|
|
1355
|
-
(7/6*z) * sqrt(1)
|
|
1356
|
-
sage: B / A.sqrt()
|
|
1357
|
-
(128/207*z^5 + 376/207*z^3 + 302/207*z) * sqrt(z)
|
|
1358
|
-
sage: B / (D * A.sqrt())
|
|
1359
|
-
(128/1035*z^5 + 376/1035*z^3 + 302/1035*z) * sqrt(z)
|
|
1360
|
-
sage: RIF = RealIntervalField(100)
|
|
1361
|
-
sage: RIF(B.sqrt() + E.sqrt())
|
|
1362
|
-
1.73967449622339881238507307209?
|
|
1363
|
-
sage: A - B == 0
|
|
1364
|
-
False
|
|
1365
|
-
sage: (A + B).sqrt()
|
|
1366
|
-
(1) * sqrt(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9)
|
|
1367
|
-
sage: 3 * A.sqrt() + (4 * B).sqrt() + C + 8 == (9 * A).sqrt() + 2 * B.sqrt() + (C * C).sqrt() + 11 - 3
|
|
1368
|
-
True
|
|
1369
|
-
</pre></div>
|
|
1370
|
-
</div>
|
|
1371
|
-
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1372
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign">
|
|
1373
|
-
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sign</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1374
|
-
<dd><p>Returns the +1, 0, -1 depending on whether the value is positive,
|
|
1375
|
-
zero or negative. For the zero case, exact arithmetic is used to
|
|
1376
|
-
certify. Otherwise, interval arithmetic is used.</p>
|
|
1377
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1378
|
-
|
|
1379
|
-
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1380
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign_with_interval">
|
|
1381
|
-
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sign_with_interval</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign_with_interval" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1382
|
-
<dd><p>Similar to sign, but for the non-zero case, also return the interval
|
|
1383
|
-
certifying the sign - useful for debugging.</p>
|
|
1384
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1385
|
-
|
|
1386
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1387
|
-
|
|
1388
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1389
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination">
|
|
1390
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.squareExtensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">real</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">imag</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">embed_cache</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1391
|
-
<dd><p>A pair (real, imag) of SqrtLinCombinations representing the complex number
|
|
1392
|
-
real + imag * I. Supports <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">real()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imag()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>,
|
|
1393
|
-
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abs</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">conjugate()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">==</span></code>.</p>
|
|
1394
|
-
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1395
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.imag">
|
|
1396
|
-
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">imag</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.imag" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1397
|
-
<dd><p>Imaginary part.</p>
|
|
1398
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1399
|
-
|
|
1400
|
-
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1401
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.real">
|
|
1402
|
-
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">real</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.squareExtensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.real" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1403
|
-
<dd><p>Real part.</p>
|
|
1404
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1405
|
-
|
|
1406
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1407
|
-
|
|
1408
|
-
</section>
|
|
1409
|
-
<section id="module-snappy.verify.exceptions">
|
|
1410
|
-
<span id="exceptions"></span><h2>Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#module-snappy.verify.exceptions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
1411
|
-
<p>All final exceptions are deriving from two base classes:</p>
|
|
1412
|
-
<ul class="simple">
|
|
1413
|
-
<li><p>a subclass of VerifyErrorBase to indicate whether a numerical or exact
|
|
1414
|
-
verification failed</p></li>
|
|
1415
|
-
<li><p>a subclass of EquationType to indicate the type of equation of
|
|
1416
|
-
inequality for which the verification failed.</p></li>
|
|
1417
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1418
|
-
<p>Intermediate subclasses (those without __init__) are not supposed to be
|
|
1419
|
-
raised.</p>
|
|
1420
|
-
<p>The hierarchy is as follows:</p>
|
|
1421
|
-
<ul class="simple">
|
|
1422
|
-
<li><p>VerifyErrorBase(RuntimeError)</p>
|
|
1423
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1424
|
-
<li><p>NumericalVerifyError</p>
|
|
1425
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1426
|
-
<li><p>InequalityNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1427
|
-
<li><p>LogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1428
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1429
|
-
</li>
|
|
1430
|
-
<li><p>ExactVerifyError</p>
|
|
1431
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1432
|
-
<li><p>IsZeroExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1433
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1434
|
-
</li>
|
|
1435
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1436
|
-
</li>
|
|
1437
|
-
<li><p>EquationType</p>
|
|
1438
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1439
|
-
<li><p>EdgeEquationType</p>
|
|
1440
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1441
|
-
<li><p>EdgeEquationExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1442
|
-
<li><p>EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1443
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1444
|
-
</li>
|
|
1445
|
-
<li><p>CuspConsistencyType</p>
|
|
1446
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1447
|
-
<li><p>CuspEquationType</p>
|
|
1448
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1449
|
-
<li><p>CuspEquationExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1450
|
-
<li><p>CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1451
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1452
|
-
</li>
|
|
1453
|
-
<li><p>CuspDevelopmentType</p>
|
|
1454
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1455
|
-
<li><p>CuspDevelopmentTypeExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1456
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1457
|
-
</li>
|
|
1458
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1459
|
-
</li>
|
|
1460
|
-
<li><p>TiltType</p>
|
|
1461
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1462
|
-
<li><p>TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError</p>
|
|
1463
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1464
|
-
<li><p>TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1465
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1466
|
-
</li>
|
|
1467
|
-
<li><p>TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1468
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1469
|
-
</li>
|
|
1470
|
-
<li><p>ShapeType</p>
|
|
1471
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1472
|
-
<li><p>ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1473
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1474
|
-
</li>
|
|
1475
|
-
<li><p>ConsistencyWithSnapPeaType</p>
|
|
1476
|
-
<ul>
|
|
1477
|
-
<li><p>ConsistencyWithSnapPeaNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1478
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1479
|
-
</li>
|
|
1480
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1481
|
-
</li>
|
|
1482
|
-
</ul>
|
|
1483
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1484
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ConsistencyWithSnapPeaNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1485
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ConsistencyWithSnapPeaNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">snappea_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ConsistencyWithSnapPeaNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1486
|
-
<dd><p>Exception raised when there is a significant numerical difference
|
|
1487
|
-
between the values computed by the SnapPea kernel and by this module
|
|
1488
|
-
for a given quantity.</p>
|
|
1489
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1490
|
-
|
|
1491
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1492
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ConsistencyWithSnapPeaType">
|
|
1493
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ConsistencyWithSnapPeaType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ConsistencyWithSnapPeaType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1494
|
-
<dd><p>A base class for exceptions raised when there is a difference
|
|
1495
|
-
between the values computed by the SnapPea kernel and by this module
|
|
1496
|
-
for a given quantity.</p>
|
|
1497
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1498
|
-
|
|
1499
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1500
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspConsistencyType">
|
|
1501
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspConsistencyType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspConsistencyType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1502
|
-
<dd><p>A base class indicating that verificatin of an equation involving a cusp
|
|
1503
|
-
failed.</p>
|
|
1504
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1505
|
-
|
|
1506
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1507
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspDevelopmentExactVerifyError">
|
|
1508
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspDevelopmentExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspDevelopmentExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1509
|
-
<dd><p>Raised when finding a consistent assignment of side lengths to the
|
|
1510
|
-
Euclidean Horotriangles to form a Euclidean Horotorus for a cusp failed
|
|
1511
|
-
using exact arithmetic.</p>
|
|
1512
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1513
|
-
|
|
1514
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1515
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspDevelopmentType">
|
|
1516
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspDevelopmentType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspDevelopmentType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1517
|
-
<dd><p>A base class indicating that there was a failure to find a consistent
|
|
1518
|
-
assignment of side lengths to the Euclidean Horotriangles to form a
|
|
1519
|
-
Euclidean Horotorus for a cusp.</p>
|
|
1520
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1521
|
-
|
|
1522
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1523
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationExactVerifyError">
|
|
1524
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expected_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1525
|
-
<dd><p>Exception for failed verification of a polynomial cusp gluing equation
|
|
1526
|
-
using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1527
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1528
|
-
|
|
1529
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1530
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1531
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expected_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1532
|
-
<dd><p>Exception for failed numerical verification that a logarithmic cusp
|
|
1533
|
-
equation has error bound by epsilon.</p>
|
|
1534
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1535
|
-
|
|
1536
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1537
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationType">
|
|
1538
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1539
|
-
<dd><p>A base class indicating that a cusp gluing equation (involving the
|
|
1540
|
-
shapes) failed.</p>
|
|
1541
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1542
|
-
|
|
1543
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1544
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationExactVerifyError">
|
|
1545
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1546
|
-
<dd><p>Exception for failed verification of a polynomial edge equation
|
|
1547
|
-
using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1548
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1549
|
-
|
|
1550
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1551
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1552
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1553
|
-
<dd><p>Exception for failed numerical verification that a logarithmic edge
|
|
1554
|
-
equation has error bound by epsilon.</p>
|
|
1555
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1556
|
-
|
|
1557
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1558
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationType">
|
|
1559
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1560
|
-
<dd><p>A base class indicating that an edge equation could not be verified.</p>
|
|
1561
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1562
|
-
|
|
1563
|
-
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1564
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EquationType">
|
|
1565
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EquationType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1566
|
-
<dd><p>A base class to derive subclasses which indicate what kind of
|
|
1567
|
-
equation failed to be verified.</p>
|
|
1568
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1569
|
-
|
|
1570
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1571
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ExactVerifyError">
|
|
1572
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ExactVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1573
|
-
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed verification of an
|
|
1574
|
-
equation using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1575
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1576
|
-
|
|
1577
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1578
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.InequalityNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1579
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InequalityNumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.InequalityNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1580
|
-
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed numerical
|
|
1581
|
-
verification of an inequality (typically by interval arithmetics).</p>
|
|
1582
|
-
</dd></dl>
|
|
1583
|
-
|
|
1584
|
-
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1585
|
-
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.IsZeroExactVerifyError">
|
|
1586
|
-
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IsZeroExactVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.IsZeroExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1587
|
-
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from verifying that a desired
|
|
1588
|
-
quantity is zero using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
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1589
|
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</dd></dl>
|
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<dl class="py exception">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.LogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
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|
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.LogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1594
|
-
<dd><p>To verify a logarithmic gluing equation, the verify module will usually
|
|
1595
|
-
first verify the corresponding polynomial gluing equation.
|
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|
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This means that the logarithmic gluing equation will be fulfilled up
|
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1597
|
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to a multiple of 2 Pi I.
|
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|
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It then computes the logarithms and numerically checks that the result
|
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|
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is close (by some epsilon) to the right value. Because we already know
|
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|
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that the difference is a multiple of 2 Pi I, checking closeness is enough.</p>
|
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|
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<p>This exception is supposed to be raised if the polynomial gluing equations
|
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|
-
have passed but checking the logarithmic equation is epsilon-close has
|
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|
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failed.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py exception">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.NumericalVerifyError">
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|
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.NumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1609
|
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<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed numerical
|
|
1610
|
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verification of an equality (using some epsilon) or inequality
|
|
1611
|
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(typically by interval arithmetics).</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Failed numerical verification of a shape having positive imaginary part.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapeType">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ShapeType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapeType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
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|
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<dd><p>Base class for failed verification of legal shapes.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py exception">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError">
|
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1628
|
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
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|
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<dd><p>Numerically verifying that a tilt is negative has failed.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
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|
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1632
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<dl class="py exception">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
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1635
|
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<dd><p>Verifying that a tilt is zero has failed using exact arithmetic.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1641
|
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<dd><p>Numerically verifying that a tilt is negative has not only failed, we
|
|
1642
|
-
proved that the tilt is positive and thus that this cannot be a
|
|
1643
|
-
proto-canonical triangulation.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py class">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltType">
|
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1648
|
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltType" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
|
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|
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<dd><p>A base class relating to tilts.</p>
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1650
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</dd></dl>
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.VerifyErrorBase">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VerifyErrorBase</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.VerifyErrorBase" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>The base for all exceptions related to verification.</p>
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|
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</dd></dl>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installing.html">Installing SnapPy</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="screenshots.html">Screenshots: SnapPy in action</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="plink.html">Using SnapPy’s link editor</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="spherogram.html">Links: planar diagrams and invariants</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snap.html">Number theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html">Verified computations</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html#verified-computation-topics">Verified computation topics</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Internals of verified computations</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#naming">Naming</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-certified-shape-intervals">Generating certified shape intervals</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.CertifiedShapesEngine"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CertifiedShapesEngine</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KrawczykShapesEngine</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#verification-of-hyperbolicity">Verification of hyperbolicity</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.hyperbolicity.check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#verified-canonical-cell-decompositions">Verified canonical cell decompositions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.canonical.interval_checked_canonical_triangulation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interval_checked_canonical_triangulation()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.canonical.exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation()</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#module-snappy.verify.square_extensions">Exact computations for cusp cross sections</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="verify.html">Verified computations</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item active">Internals of verified computations</li>
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<h1>Internals of verified computations<a class="headerlink" href="#internals-of-verified-computations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<section id="naming">
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<h2>Naming<a class="headerlink" href="#naming" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The names of methods containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check</span></code> will raise an exception if
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the desired property cannot be certified. There are different types of
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Exceptions to indicate how the certification failed. This type can be
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used by other methods to perform some action such as changing the
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triangulation or increasing precision or to give up.</p>
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<p>The user-facing methods have names starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verify</span></code> or
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verified</span></code> and will fail more gracefully returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> in such a case.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="generating-certified-shape-intervals">
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<h2>Generating certified shape intervals<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-certified-shape-intervals" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The recommended way to obtain certified intervals for the shapes is via
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">manifold.tetrahedra_shapes(intervals=True)</span></code> as <a class="reference internal" href="verify.html"><span class="doc">described
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earlier</span></a>. Here we document the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KrawczykShapesEngine</span></code> and
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span></code> which is implemented internally to
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generate the intervals. It is of interest for those users who want to
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understand the underlying interval math and experiment with the Newton
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interval method or the Krawczyk test. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CertifiedShapesEngine</span></code> is an
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alias of either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KrawczykShapesEngine</span></code> or
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span></code> to determine the default method used by
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verify.</p>
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<dl class="py attribute" id="module-snappy.verify">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.CertifiedShapesEngine">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CertifiedShapesEngine</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.CertifiedShapesEngine" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>alias of <a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine" title="snappy.verify.krawczyk_shapes_engine.KrawczykShapesEngine"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KrawczykShapesEngine</span></code></a></p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py class">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">initial_shapes</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dec_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>An engine that is initialized with an approximated candidate solution to
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the rectangular gluing equations and produces intervals certified to
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contain a true solution. After the engine is successfully run, the
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resulting intervals are stored in certified_shapes which is a vector of
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elements in a Sage’s ComplexIntervalField.</p>
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<p>A simple example to obtain certified shape intervals that uses
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KrawczykShapesEngine or IntervalNewtonShapesEngine under the hood:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
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sage: M = Manifold("m015")
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sage: M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', bits_prec = 80, intervals = True) # doctest: +NUMERIC15 +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
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[0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I,
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0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I,
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0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I]
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Its objective is thus the same as HIKMOT and it is certainly HIKMOT
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inspired. However, it conceptually differs in that:</p>
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<ol class="arabic">
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<li><p>It uses the Newton interval method instead of the Krawczyk
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test (we implement Gaussian elimination in interval arithmetic to
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compute the inverse of an interval matrix having interval arithmetic
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semantics, see mat_solve).</p></li>
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<li><p>It uses complex numbers in it’s Newton interval method.
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We simply use Sage’s complex interval type avoiding the need of
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converting n x n complex matrices into 2n x 2n real matrices as
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described Section 3.4 of the HIKMOT paper.</p></li>
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<li><p>We avoid automatic differentiation. We pick an independent set of
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equations of the following form and try to solve them:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><p>log(LHS) = 0</p>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>where</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><p>LHS = c * z0^a0 * (1-z0)^b0 * z1^a1 * (1-z1)^b1 * …</p>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>with a, b and c’s as returned by Manifold.gluing_equations(‘rect’).</p>
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<p>The derivative of log (LHS) with respect to zj is simply given by</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><p>aj/zj - bj/(1-zj)</p>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>and thus no need for automatic differentiation.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>In contrast to HIKMOT, we use and return Sage’s native implementation of
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(complex) interval arithmetic here, which allows for increased interoperability.
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Another advantage is that Sage supports arbitrary precision. Unfortunately,
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performance suffers and this implementation is 5-10 times slower than HIKMOT.</p>
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<p>Here is an example how to explicitly invoke the IntervalNewtonShapesEngine:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', bits_prec = 80)
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sage: C = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec = 80)
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sage: C.expand_until_certified()
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True
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sage: C.certified_shapes # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
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(0.662358978622373012981? + 0.562279512062301243...?*I, 0.66235897862237301298...? + 0.562279512062301243...?*I, 0.66235897862237301298...? + 0.562279512062301243...?*I)
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.certified_newton_iteration">
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">certified_newton_iteration</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">equations</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape_intervals</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">point_in_intervals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">interval_value_at_point</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.certified_newton_iteration" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Given shape intervals z, performs a Newton interval iteration N(z)
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as described in newton_iteration. Returns a pair (boolean, N(z)) where
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the boolean is True if N(z) is contained in z.</p>
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<p>If the boolean is True, it is certified that N(z) contains a true
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solution, e.g., a point for which f is truly zero.</p>
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<p>See newton_iteration for the other parameters.</p>
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<p>This follows from Theorem 1 of <a class="reference external" href="http://ww2.ii.uj.edu.pl/~zgliczyn/cap07/krawczyk.pdf">Zgliczynski’s notes</a>.</p>
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<p>Some examples:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m019"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tetrahedra_shapes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">),</span>
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<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">bits_prec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Intervals containing the true solution:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from sage.all import vector
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sage: good_shapes = vector([
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... C.CIF(C.RIF(0.78055, 0.78056), C.RIF(0.91447, 0.91448)),
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... C.CIF(C.RIF(0.78055, 0.78056), C.RIF(0.91447, 0.91448)),
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... C.CIF(C.RIF(0.46002, 0.46003), C.RIF(0.63262, 0.63263))])
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sage: is_certified, shapes = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.certified_newton_iteration(C.equations, good_shapes)
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sage: is_certified
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True
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sage: shapes # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
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(0.78055253? + 0.91447366...?*I, 0.7805525...? + 0.9144736...?*I, 0.4600211...? + 0.632624...?*I)
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>This means that a true solution to the rectangular gluing equations is
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contained in both the given intervals (good_shapes) and the returned
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intervals (shapes) which are a refinement of the given intervals.</p>
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<p>Intervals not containing a true solution:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sage.all</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">vector</span>
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<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">bad_shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vector</span><span class="p">([</span>
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<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.78054</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.78055</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.91447</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.91448</span><span class="p">)),</span>
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|
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<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.78055</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.78056</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.91447</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.91448</span><span class="p">)),</span>
|
|
273
|
+
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.46002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.46003</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.63262</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.63263</span><span class="p">))])</span>
|
|
274
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">is_certified</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">certified_newton_iteration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">equations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bad_shapes</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
275
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">is_certified</span>
|
|
276
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
277
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
278
|
+
</div>
|
|
279
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
280
|
+
|
|
281
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
282
|
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.expand_until_certified">
|
|
283
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expand_until_certified</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.expand_until_certified" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
284
|
+
<dd><p>Try Newton interval iterations, expanding the shape intervals
|
|
285
|
+
until we can certify they contain a true solution.
|
|
286
|
+
If succeeded, return True and write certified shapes to
|
|
287
|
+
certified_shapes.
|
|
288
|
+
Set verbose = True for printing additional information.</p>
|
|
289
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
290
|
+
|
|
291
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
292
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_is_contained_in">
|
|
293
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecA</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecB</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_is_contained_in" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
294
|
+
<dd><p>Given two vectors of intervals, return whether the first one
|
|
295
|
+
is contained in the second one. Examples:</p>
|
|
296
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">RIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RealIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
297
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">CIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComplexIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
298
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
299
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
300
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">box</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
301
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
302
|
+
|
|
303
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
304
|
+
<span class="kc">True</span>
|
|
305
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
306
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
307
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
308
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
309
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
310
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
311
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
312
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
313
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">IntervalNewtonShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
314
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
315
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
316
|
+
</div>
|
|
317
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
318
|
+
|
|
319
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
320
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_mid_points">
|
|
321
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_mid_points</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vec</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_mid_points" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
322
|
+
<dd><p>Given a vector of complex intervals, return the midpoints (as 0-length
|
|
323
|
+
complex intervals) of them.</p>
|
|
324
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
325
|
+
|
|
326
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
327
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_union">
|
|
328
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_union</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecA</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecB</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.interval_vector_union" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
329
|
+
<dd><p>Given two vectors of intervals, return the vector of their unions,
|
|
330
|
+
i.e., the smallest interval containing both intervals.</p>
|
|
331
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
332
|
+
|
|
333
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
334
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives">
|
|
335
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log_gluing_LHS_derivatives</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">equations</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shapes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
336
|
+
<dd><p>Compute the Jacobian of the vector-valued function f
|
|
337
|
+
described in the above log_gluing_LHSs:</p>
|
|
338
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
|
|
339
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m019")
|
|
340
|
+
sage: equations = M.gluing_equations('rect')
|
|
341
|
+
sage: RIF = RealIntervalField(80)
|
|
342
|
+
sage: CIF = ComplexIntervalField(80)
|
|
343
|
+
sage: shape1 = CIF(RIF(0.78055,0.78056), RIF(0.9144, 0.9145))
|
|
344
|
+
sage: shape2 = CIF(RIF(0.46002,0.46003), RIF(0.6326, 0.6327))
|
|
345
|
+
sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape2]
|
|
346
|
+
sage: IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives(equations, shapes) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
|
|
347
|
+
[ 0.292? - 1.66...?*I 0.292? - 1.66...?*I 0.752? - 1.034...?*I]
|
|
348
|
+
[-0.5400? + 0.63...?*I -0.5400? + 0.63...?*I 1.561? + 1.829...?*I]
|
|
349
|
+
[ 0.2482? + 1.034...?*I 0.2482? + 1.034...?*I -2.313? - 0.795...?*I]
|
|
350
|
+
[ 0.5400? - 0.63...?*I -0.5400? + 0.63...?*I 0]
|
|
351
|
+
[...-0.4963? - 2.068?*I 1.0800? - 1.26...?*I 0.752? - 1.034...?*I]
|
|
352
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
353
|
+
</div>
|
|
354
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
355
|
+
|
|
356
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
357
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs">
|
|
358
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log_gluing_LHSs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">equations</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shapes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
359
|
+
<dd><p>Given the result of M.gluing_equations(‘rect’) or a
|
|
360
|
+
subset of rows of it and shapes, return a vector of
|
|
361
|
+
log(LHS) where</p>
|
|
362
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
363
|
+
<div><p>LHS = c * z0 ** a0 * (1-z0) ** b0 * z1 ** a1 * …</p>
|
|
364
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
365
|
+
<p>Let f: C^n -> C^n denote the function which takes
|
|
366
|
+
shapes and returns the vector of log(LHS).</p>
|
|
367
|
+
<p>The reason we take the logarithm of the rectangular
|
|
368
|
+
gluing equations is because the logarithmic derivative
|
|
369
|
+
is of a particular nice form:</p>
|
|
370
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
371
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m019"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
372
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">equations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluing_equations</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
373
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">RIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RealIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
374
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">CIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComplexIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
375
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">zero</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">center</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
376
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">shape1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.78055</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.78056</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.9144</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.9145</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
377
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">shape2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.46002</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.46003</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.6326</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.6327</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
378
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
379
|
+
</div>
|
|
380
|
+
<p>An interval solution containing the true solution. The log of each
|
|
381
|
+
rectangular equation should be 0 for the true solution, hence the interval
|
|
382
|
+
should contain zero:</p>
|
|
383
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape2]
|
|
384
|
+
sage: LHSs = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs(equations, shapes)
|
|
385
|
+
sage: LHSs # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
|
|
386
|
+
(0.000? + 0.000?*I, 0.000? + 0.000?*I, 0.000? + 0.000?*I, 0.000...? + 0.000...?*I, 0.000? + 0.000?*I)
|
|
387
|
+
sage: zero in LHSs[0]
|
|
388
|
+
True
|
|
389
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
390
|
+
</div>
|
|
391
|
+
<p>An interval not containing the true solution:</p>
|
|
392
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape1]
|
|
393
|
+
sage: LHSs = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs(equations, shapes)
|
|
394
|
+
sage: LHSs # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
|
|
395
|
+
(0.430? - 0.078?*I, -0.2...? + 0.942?*I, -0.1...? - 0.8...?*I, 0.000...? + 0.000...?*I, 0.430? - 0.078?*I)
|
|
396
|
+
sage: zero in LHSs[0]
|
|
397
|
+
False
|
|
398
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
399
|
+
</div>
|
|
400
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
401
|
+
|
|
402
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
403
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.newton_iteration">
|
|
404
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">newton_iteration</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">equations</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape_intervals</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">point_in_intervals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">interval_value_at_point</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.newton_iteration" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
405
|
+
<dd><p>Perform a Newton interval method of iteration for
|
|
406
|
+
the function f described in log_gluing_LHSs.</p>
|
|
407
|
+
<p>Let z denote the shape intervals.
|
|
408
|
+
Let z_center be a point close to the center point of the shape
|
|
409
|
+
intervals (in the implementation, z_center is an interval of
|
|
410
|
+
again, of length zero).</p>
|
|
411
|
+
<p>The result returned will be</p>
|
|
412
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
413
|
+
<div><p>N(z) = z_center - ((Df)(z))^-1 f(z_center)</p>
|
|
414
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
415
|
+
<p>The user can overwrite the z_center to be used by providing
|
|
416
|
+
point_in_intervals (which have to be 0-length complex intervals).
|
|
417
|
+
The user can also give the interval value of f(z_center) by providing
|
|
418
|
+
interval_value_at_point to avoid re-evaluation of f(z_center).</p>
|
|
419
|
+
<p>A very approximate solution:</p>
|
|
420
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
421
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m019"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
422
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="n">j</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
423
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
424
|
+
</div>
|
|
425
|
+
<p>Get the equations and initialize zero-length intervals from it:</p>
|
|
426
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: C = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec = 80)
|
|
427
|
+
sage: C.initial_shapes
|
|
428
|
+
(0.69999999999999995559107902? + 1*I, 0.69999999999999995559107902? + 1*I, 0.50000000000000000000000000? + 0.50000000000000000000000000?*I)
|
|
429
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
430
|
+
</div>
|
|
431
|
+
<p>Do several Newton interval operations to get a better solution:</p>
|
|
432
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shape_intervals = C.initial_shapes
|
|
433
|
+
sage: for i in range(4): # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
|
|
434
|
+
... shape_intervals = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.newton_iteration(C.equations, shape_intervals)
|
|
435
|
+
... print(shape_intervals)
|
|
436
|
+
(0.78674683118381457770...? + 0.9208680745160821379529?*I, 0.786746831183814577703...? + 0.9208680745160821379529?*I, 0.459868058287098030934...? + 0.61940871855835167317...?*I)
|
|
437
|
+
(0.78056102517632648594...? + 0.9144962118446750482...?*I, 0.78056102517632648594...? + 0.9144962118446750482...?*I, 0.4599773577869384936554? + 0.63251940718694538695...?*I)
|
|
438
|
+
(0.78055253104531610049...? + 0.9144736621585220345231?*I, 0.780552531045316100497...? + 0.9144736621585220345231?*I, 0.460021167103732494700...? + 0.6326241909236695020810...?*I)
|
|
439
|
+
(0.78055252785072483256...? + 0.91447366296772644033...?*I, 0.7805525278507248325678? + 0.914473662967726440333...?*I, 0.4600211755737178641204...? + 0.6326241936052562241142...?*I)
|
|
440
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
441
|
+
</div>
|
|
442
|
+
<p>For comparison:</p>
|
|
443
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tetrahedra_shapes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
444
|
+
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0.780552527850725</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.914473662967726</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.780552527850725</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.914473662967726</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.460021175573718</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.632624193605256</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
445
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
446
|
+
</div>
|
|
447
|
+
<p>Start with a rather big interval, note that the Newton interval method is
|
|
448
|
+
stable in the sense that the interval size decreases:</p>
|
|
449
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: box = C.CIF(C.RIF(-0.0001,0.0001),C.RIF(-0.0001,0.0001))
|
|
450
|
+
sage: shape_intervals = C.initial_shapes.apply_map(lambda shape: shape + box)
|
|
451
|
+
sage: shape_intervals
|
|
452
|
+
(0.700? + 1.000?*I, 0.700? + 1.000?*I, 0.500? + 0.500?*I)
|
|
453
|
+
sage: for i in range(7):
|
|
454
|
+
... shape_intervals = IntervalNewtonShapesEngine.newton_iteration(C.equations, shape_intervals)
|
|
455
|
+
sage: print(shape_intervals) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
|
|
456
|
+
(0.78055252785072483798...? + 0.91447366296772645593...?*I, 0.7805525278507248379869? + 0.914473662967726455938...?*I, 0.460021175573717872891...? + 0.632624193605256171637...?*I)
|
|
457
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
458
|
+
</div>
|
|
459
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
460
|
+
|
|
461
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
462
|
+
|
|
463
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
464
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine">
|
|
465
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">KrawczykShapesEngine</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">initial_shapes</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dec_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
466
|
+
<dd><p>An engine that is initialized with an approximated candidate solution to
|
|
467
|
+
the rectangular gluing equations and produces intervals certified to
|
|
468
|
+
contain a true solution. After the engine is successfully run, the
|
|
469
|
+
resulting intervals are stored in certified_shapes which is a vector of
|
|
470
|
+
elements in a Sage’s ComplexIntervalField.</p>
|
|
471
|
+
<p>A simple example to obtain certified shape intervals that uses the
|
|
472
|
+
KrawczykShapesEngine or IntervalNewtonShapesEngine under the hood:</p>
|
|
473
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
|
|
474
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m015")
|
|
475
|
+
sage: M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', bits_prec = 80, intervals = True) # doctest: +NUMERIC15 +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
|
|
476
|
+
[0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I,
|
|
477
|
+
0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I,
|
|
478
|
+
0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I]
|
|
479
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
480
|
+
</div>
|
|
481
|
+
<p>Its objective is thus the same as HIKMOT and it is certainly HIKMOT
|
|
482
|
+
inspired. However, it conceptually differs in that:</p>
|
|
483
|
+
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
484
|
+
<li><p>It uses complex numbers in it’s computations.
|
|
485
|
+
We simply use Sage’s complex interval type avoiding the need of
|
|
486
|
+
converting n x n complex matrices into 2n x 2n real matrices as
|
|
487
|
+
described Section 3.4 of the HIKMOT paper.</p></li>
|
|
488
|
+
<li><p>We avoid automatic differentiation. We pick an independent set of
|
|
489
|
+
equations of the following form and try to solve them:</p>
|
|
490
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
491
|
+
<div><p>log(LHS) = 0</p>
|
|
492
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
493
|
+
<p>where</p>
|
|
494
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
495
|
+
<div><p>LHS = c * z0^a0 * (1-z0)^b0 * z1^a1 * (1-z1)^b1 * …</p>
|
|
496
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
497
|
+
<p>with a, b and c’s as returned by Manifold.gluing_equations(‘rect’).</p>
|
|
498
|
+
<p>The derivative of log (LHS) with respect to zj is simply given by</p>
|
|
499
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
500
|
+
<div><p>aj/zj - bj/(1-zj)</p>
|
|
501
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
502
|
+
<p>and thus no need for automatic differentiation.</p>
|
|
503
|
+
</li>
|
|
504
|
+
<li><p>For speed-up, the approximate inverse is always computed with
|
|
505
|
+
double’s. Some intermediate matrix computations are performed sparsely.</p></li>
|
|
506
|
+
</ol>
|
|
507
|
+
<p>In contrast to HIKMOT, we use and return Sage’s native implementation of
|
|
508
|
+
(complex) interval arithmetic here, which allows for increased interoperability.
|
|
509
|
+
Another advantage is that Sage supports arbitrary precision.</p>
|
|
510
|
+
<p>Here is an example how to explicitly invoke the KrawczykShapesEngine:</p>
|
|
511
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', bits_prec = 80)
|
|
512
|
+
sage: C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec = 80)
|
|
513
|
+
sage: C.expand_until_certified()
|
|
514
|
+
True
|
|
515
|
+
sage: C.certified_shapes # doctest: +NUMERIC12
|
|
516
|
+
(0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I, 0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I, 0.6623589786223730129805? + 0.5622795120623012438992?*I)
|
|
517
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
518
|
+
</div>
|
|
519
|
+
<p>And here an example where the initial solution is somewhat off:</p>
|
|
520
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: M = Manifold("m019")
|
|
521
|
+
sage: shapes = [0.780559+0.91449j, 0.780559+0.9144j, 0.46009+0.639j]
|
|
522
|
+
sage: C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec = 100)
|
|
523
|
+
sage: C.expand_until_certified()
|
|
524
|
+
True
|
|
525
|
+
sage: C.certified_shapes # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
|
|
526
|
+
(0.7806? + 0.9145?*I, 0.7806? + 0.9145?*I, 0.460...? + 0.6326?*I)
|
|
527
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
528
|
+
</div>
|
|
529
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
530
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.expand_until_certified">
|
|
531
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expand_until_certified</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.expand_until_certified" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
532
|
+
<dd><p>Try Krawczyk iterations (i.e., expanding the shape intervals [z]
|
|
533
|
+
by the Krawczyk interval K(z0, [z], f)) until we can certify they
|
|
534
|
+
contain a true solution.</p>
|
|
535
|
+
<p>If succeeded, return True and write certified shapes to
|
|
536
|
+
certified_shapes.
|
|
537
|
+
Set verbose = True for printing additional information.</p>
|
|
538
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
539
|
+
|
|
540
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
541
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_is_contained_in">
|
|
542
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecA</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecB</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_is_contained_in" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
543
|
+
<dd><p>Given two vectors of intervals, return whether the first one
|
|
544
|
+
is contained in the second one. Examples:</p>
|
|
545
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">RIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RealIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
546
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">CIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComplexIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
547
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
548
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
549
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">box</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
550
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">box</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
551
|
+
|
|
552
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
553
|
+
<span class="kc">True</span>
|
|
554
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
555
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
556
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
557
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
558
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
559
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
560
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
561
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
562
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KrawczykShapesEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_vector_is_contained_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
563
|
+
<span class="kc">False</span>
|
|
564
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
565
|
+
</div>
|
|
566
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
567
|
+
|
|
568
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
569
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_mid_points">
|
|
570
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_mid_points</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vec</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_mid_points" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
571
|
+
<dd><p>Given a vector of complex intervals, return the midpoints (as 0-length
|
|
572
|
+
complex intervals) of them.</p>
|
|
573
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
574
|
+
|
|
575
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
576
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_union">
|
|
577
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_vector_union</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecA</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vecB</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.interval_vector_union" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
578
|
+
<dd><p>Given two vectors of intervals, return the vector of their unions,
|
|
579
|
+
i.e., the smallest interval containing both intervals.</p>
|
|
580
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
581
|
+
|
|
582
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
583
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.krawczyk_interval">
|
|
584
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">krawczyk_interval</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape_intervals</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.krawczyk_interval" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
585
|
+
<dd><p>Compute the interval in the Krawczyk test.</p>
|
|
586
|
+
<p>It is given as</p>
|
|
587
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
588
|
+
<div><p>K(z0, [z], f) := z0 - c * f(z0) + (Id - c * df([z])) * ([z] - z0)</p>
|
|
589
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
590
|
+
<dl class="simple">
|
|
591
|
+
<dt>where</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
|
|
592
|
+
<li><p>z0 is the approximate candidate solution,</p></li>
|
|
593
|
+
<li><p>[z] are the shape_intervals we try to verify,</p></li>
|
|
594
|
+
<li><p>f is the function taking the shapes to the errors of the logarithmic gluing equations</p></li>
|
|
595
|
+
<li><p>c is an approximate inverse of df</p></li>
|
|
596
|
+
<li><p>df([z]) is the derivative of f (interval-)evaluated for [z]</p></li>
|
|
597
|
+
</ul>
|
|
598
|
+
</dd>
|
|
599
|
+
</dl>
|
|
600
|
+
<p>Note that z0 in self.initial_shapes which are complex intervals
|
|
601
|
+
containing only one value (the candidate solution given initially).</p>
|
|
602
|
+
<p>If K is contained in [z], then we have proven that [z] contains a solution
|
|
603
|
+
to the gluing equations.</p>
|
|
604
|
+
<p>Do several Krawczyk operations to get a better solution:</p>
|
|
605
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from sage.all import vector
|
|
606
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m019")
|
|
607
|
+
sage: shapes = vector(ComplexIntervalField(53), [ 0.5+0.8j, 0.5+0.8j, 0.5+0.8j])
|
|
608
|
+
sage: for i in range(15):
|
|
609
|
+
... penultimateShapes = shapes
|
|
610
|
+
... centers = [ shape.center() for shape in shapes ]
|
|
611
|
+
... C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, centers, bits_prec = 53)
|
|
612
|
+
... shapes = C.krawczyk_interval(shapes)
|
|
613
|
+
sage: shapes # doctest: +NUMERIC12
|
|
614
|
+
(0.78055252785073? + 0.91447366296773?*I, 0.780552527850725? + 0.91447366296773?*I, 0.460021175573718? + 0.632624193605256?*I)
|
|
615
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
616
|
+
</div>
|
|
617
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
618
|
+
|
|
619
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
620
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives">
|
|
621
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log_gluing_LHS_derivatives</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shapes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
622
|
+
<dd><p>Compute the Jacobian of the vector-valued function f
|
|
623
|
+
described in the above log_gluing_LHSs:</p>
|
|
624
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
|
|
625
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m019")
|
|
626
|
+
sage: shapes = M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', bits_prec = 80)
|
|
627
|
+
sage: C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, shapes, bits_prec = 80)
|
|
628
|
+
sage: RIF = RealIntervalField(80)
|
|
629
|
+
sage: CIF = ComplexIntervalField(80)
|
|
630
|
+
sage: shape1 = CIF(RIF(0.78055,0.78056), RIF(0.9144, 0.9145))
|
|
631
|
+
sage: shape2 = CIF(RIF(0.46002,0.46003), RIF(0.6326, 0.6327))
|
|
632
|
+
sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape2]
|
|
633
|
+
sage: C.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives(shapes) # doctest: +NUMERIC3
|
|
634
|
+
[ 0.292? - 1.6666?*I 0.292? - 1.6666?*I 0.752? - 1.0340?*I]
|
|
635
|
+
[ 0.5400? - 0.6327?*I 0.5400? - 0.6327?*I -1.561? - 1.8290?*I]
|
|
636
|
+
[ 0.5400? - 0.6327?*I -0.5400? + 0.6327?*I 0]
|
|
637
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
638
|
+
</div>
|
|
639
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
640
|
+
|
|
641
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
642
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives_sparse">
|
|
643
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log_gluing_LHS_derivatives_sparse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shapes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHS_derivatives_sparse" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
644
|
+
<dd><p>A column-sparse matrix version of log_gluing_LHS_derivatives_sparse.
|
|
645
|
+
The result is a list of list of pairs. Each list of pairs corresponds
|
|
646
|
+
to a column, a pair being (index of row, value) where the index is
|
|
647
|
+
increasing.</p>
|
|
648
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
649
|
+
|
|
650
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
651
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs">
|
|
652
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log_gluing_LHSs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shapes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.log_gluing_LHSs" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
653
|
+
<dd><p>Given the result of M.gluing_equations(‘rect’) or a
|
|
654
|
+
subset of rows of it and shapes, return a vector of
|
|
655
|
+
log(LHS) where</p>
|
|
656
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
657
|
+
<div><p>LHS = c * z0 ** a0 * (1-z0) ** b0 * z1 ** a1 * …</p>
|
|
658
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
659
|
+
<p>Let f: C^n -> C^n denote the function which takes
|
|
660
|
+
shapes and returns the vector of log(LHS).</p>
|
|
661
|
+
<p>The reason we take the logarithm of the rectangular
|
|
662
|
+
gluing equations is because the logarithmic derivative
|
|
663
|
+
is of a particular nice form:</p>
|
|
664
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
665
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m019"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
666
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">equations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gluing_equations</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
667
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">RIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RealIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
668
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">CIF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComplexIntervalField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
669
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">zero</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">center</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
670
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">shape1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.78055</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.78056</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.9144</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.9145</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
671
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">shape2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.46002</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.46003</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">RIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.6326</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.6327</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
672
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
673
|
+
</div>
|
|
674
|
+
<p>An interval solution containing the true solution. The log of each
|
|
675
|
+
rectangular equation should be 0 for the true solution, hence the interval
|
|
676
|
+
should contain zero:</p>
|
|
677
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape2]
|
|
678
|
+
sage: C = KrawczykShapesEngine(M, [shape.center() for shape in shapes], bits_prec = 53)
|
|
679
|
+
sage: LHSs = C.log_gluing_LHSs(shapes)
|
|
680
|
+
sage: LHSs # doctest: +NUMERIC6
|
|
681
|
+
(0.000? + 0.000?*I, 0.000? + 0.000?*I, 0.0000? + 0.0000?*I)
|
|
682
|
+
sage: zero in LHSs[0]
|
|
683
|
+
True
|
|
684
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
685
|
+
</div>
|
|
686
|
+
<p>An interval not containing the true solution:</p>
|
|
687
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: shapes = [shape1, shape1, shape1]
|
|
688
|
+
sage: LHSs = C.log_gluing_LHSs(shapes)
|
|
689
|
+
sage: LHSs # doctest: +NUMERIC3
|
|
690
|
+
(0.430? - 0.078?*I, 0.246? - 0.942?*I, 0.0000? + 0.0000?*I)
|
|
691
|
+
sage: zero in LHSs[0]
|
|
692
|
+
False
|
|
693
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
694
|
+
</div>
|
|
695
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
696
|
+
|
|
697
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
698
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.matrix_times_sparse">
|
|
699
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">matrix_times_sparse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">m</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sparse_m</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.KrawczykShapesEngine.matrix_times_sparse" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
700
|
+
<dd><p>Multiply a (dense) Sage matrix with a column-sparse matrix
|
|
701
|
+
(in the format described in log_gluing_LHS_derivatives_sparse).</p>
|
|
702
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
703
|
+
|
|
704
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
705
|
+
|
|
706
|
+
</section>
|
|
707
|
+
<section id="verification-of-hyperbolicity">
|
|
708
|
+
<h2>Verification of hyperbolicity<a class="headerlink" href="#verification-of-hyperbolicity" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
709
|
+
<p>Methods containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check</span></code> will raise an exception if the desired property
|
|
710
|
+
cannot be certified. Methods containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verify</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verified</span></code> will fail
|
|
711
|
+
more gracefully returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> in such a case.</p>
|
|
712
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
|
713
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.hyperbolicity.check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets">
|
|
714
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.hyperbolicity.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape_intervals</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.hyperbolicity.check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
715
|
+
<dd><p>Given a SnapPy manifold manifold and complex intervals for the shapes
|
|
716
|
+
shape_intervals that are certified to contain a solution to the
|
|
717
|
+
rectangular gluing equations, verify that the logarithmic gluing equations
|
|
718
|
+
are also fulfilled and that all shapes have positive imaginary part.
|
|
719
|
+
It will raise an exception if the verification fails.
|
|
720
|
+
This is sufficient to prove that the manifold is indeed hyperbolic.</p>
|
|
721
|
+
<p>Since the given interval are supposed to contain a true solution of
|
|
722
|
+
the rectangular gluing equations, the logarithmic gluing equations
|
|
723
|
+
are known to be fulfilled up to a multiple of 2 pi i. Thus it is enough
|
|
724
|
+
to certify that the absolute error of the logarithmic gluing
|
|
725
|
+
equations is < 0.1. Using interval arithmetic, this function certifies
|
|
726
|
+
this and positivity of the imaginary parts of the shapes:</p>
|
|
727
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
728
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m019"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
729
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
|
730
|
+
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tetrahedra_shapes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intervals</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
731
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
732
|
+
</div>
|
|
733
|
+
<p>The SnapPy triangulation of the following hyperbolic manifold contains
|
|
734
|
+
actually negatively oriented tetrahedra:</p>
|
|
735
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: M = Manifold("t02774")
|
|
736
|
+
sage: check_logarithmic_gluing_equations_and_positively_oriented_tets(
|
|
737
|
+
... M, M.tetrahedra_shapes('rect', intervals=True)) # doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
738
|
+
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
739
|
+
...
|
|
740
|
+
ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that shape has positive imaginary part has failed: Im(0.4800996900657? - 0.0019533695046?*I) > 0
|
|
741
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
742
|
+
</div>
|
|
743
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
744
|
+
|
|
745
|
+
</section>
|
|
746
|
+
<section id="verified-canonical-cell-decompositions">
|
|
747
|
+
<h2>Verified canonical cell decompositions<a class="headerlink" href="#verified-canonical-cell-decompositions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
748
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
|
749
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.canonical.interval_checked_canonical_triangulation">
|
|
750
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.canonical.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interval_checked_canonical_triangulation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.canonical.interval_checked_canonical_triangulation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
751
|
+
<dd><p>Given a canonical triangulation of a cusped (possibly non-orientable)
|
|
752
|
+
manifold M, return this triangulation if it has tetrahedral cells and can
|
|
753
|
+
be verified using interval arithmetics with the optional, given precision.
|
|
754
|
+
Otherwise, raises an Exception.</p>
|
|
755
|
+
<p>It fails when we call it on something which is not the canonical
|
|
756
|
+
triangulation:</p>
|
|
757
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
|
|
758
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m015")
|
|
759
|
+
sage: interval_checked_canonical_triangulation(M) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
760
|
+
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
761
|
+
...
|
|
762
|
+
TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that tilt is negative has failed, tilt is actually positive. This is provably not the proto-canonical triangulation: 0.164542163...? <= 0
|
|
763
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
764
|
+
</div>
|
|
765
|
+
<p>It verifies the canonical triangulation:</p>
|
|
766
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonize</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
767
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interval_checked_canonical_triangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
768
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span>
|
|
769
|
+
<span class="n">m015</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
770
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
771
|
+
</div>
|
|
772
|
+
<p>Has a non-tetrahedral canonical cell:</p>
|
|
773
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: M = Manifold("m137")
|
|
774
|
+
sage: M.canonize()
|
|
775
|
+
sage: interval_checked_canonical_triangulation(M) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
776
|
+
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
777
|
+
...
|
|
778
|
+
TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that tilt is negative has failed: 0.?e-1... < 0
|
|
779
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
780
|
+
</div>
|
|
781
|
+
<p>Has a cubical canonical cell:</p>
|
|
782
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: M = Manifold("m412")
|
|
783
|
+
sage: M.canonize()
|
|
784
|
+
sage: interval_checked_canonical_triangulation(M) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
785
|
+
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
786
|
+
...
|
|
787
|
+
TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that tilt is negative has failed: 0.?e-1... < 0
|
|
788
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
789
|
+
</div>
|
|
790
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
791
|
+
|
|
792
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
|
793
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.canonical.exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation">
|
|
794
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.canonical.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">degree</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.canonical.exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
795
|
+
<dd><p>Given a proto-canonical triangulation of a cusped (possibly non-orientable)
|
|
796
|
+
manifold M, return its canonical retriangulation which is computed from
|
|
797
|
+
exact shapes. The exact shapes are computed using snap (which uses the
|
|
798
|
+
LLL-algorithm). The precision (in bits) and the maximal degree need to be
|
|
799
|
+
specified (here 300 bits precision and polynomials of degree less than 4):</p>
|
|
800
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
801
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m412"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
802
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonize</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
803
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
804
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
805
|
+
</div>
|
|
806
|
+
<p>M’s canonical cell decomposition has a cube, so non-tetrahedral:</p>
|
|
807
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
808
|
+
<span class="kc">True</span>
|
|
809
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
810
|
+
</div>
|
|
811
|
+
<p>Has 12 tetrahedra after the retrianglation:</p>
|
|
812
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">num_tetrahedra</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
813
|
+
<span class="mi">12</span>
|
|
814
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
815
|
+
</div>
|
|
816
|
+
<p>Check that it fails on something which is not a proto-canonical
|
|
817
|
+
triangulation:</p>
|
|
818
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from snappy import Manifold
|
|
819
|
+
sage: M = Manifold("m015")
|
|
820
|
+
sage: exactly_checked_canonical_retriangulation(M, 500, 6) # doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
|
|
821
|
+
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
822
|
+
...
|
|
823
|
+
TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError: Numerical verification that tilt is negative has failed, tilt is actually positive. This is provably not the proto-canonical triangulation: 0.1645421638874662848910671879? <= 0
|
|
824
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
825
|
+
</div>
|
|
826
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
827
|
+
|
|
828
|
+
</section>
|
|
829
|
+
<section id="module-snappy.verify.square_extensions">
|
|
830
|
+
<span id="exact-computations-for-cusp-cross-sections"></span><h2>Exact computations for cusp cross sections<a class="headerlink" href="#module-snappy.verify.square_extensions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
831
|
+
<p>The square_extensions module provides
|
|
832
|
+
two special classes to give exact representations of the values
|
|
833
|
+
involved when computing a cusp cross section.</p>
|
|
834
|
+
<p>The method find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations returns a list of
|
|
835
|
+
shapes as ComplexSqrtLinCombination’s. This can be used as input to
|
|
836
|
+
CuspCrossSection. The outputs of CuspCrossSection, including the tilts, will
|
|
837
|
+
then be of type SqrtLinCombination.</p>
|
|
838
|
+
<p>Consider the real number field N generated by the real and imaginary part of
|
|
839
|
+
the shapes. The edge lengths and the factors used to normalize the cusp areas
|
|
840
|
+
will be square roots in N and thus the tilts will be N-linear combinations of
|
|
841
|
+
square roots in N. To avoid computing in a massive tower of square extensions
|
|
842
|
+
of N, we implement SqrtLinCombination here that provides a special
|
|
843
|
+
implementation of the == operator.</p>
|
|
844
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
|
845
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations">
|
|
846
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.square_extensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prec</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">degree</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
847
|
+
<dd><p>Given a manifold M, use snap (which uses LLL-algorithm) with the given
|
|
848
|
+
decimal precision and maximal degree to find exact values for the shapes’
|
|
849
|
+
real and imaginary part. Return the shapes as list of
|
|
850
|
+
ComplexSqrtLinCombination’s. Return None on failure.</p>
|
|
851
|
+
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
852
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
853
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m412"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
854
|
+
<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">find_shapes_as_complex_sqrt_lin_combinations</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
855
|
+
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))]</span>
|
|
856
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
857
|
+
</div>
|
|
858
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
859
|
+
|
|
860
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
861
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination">
|
|
862
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.square_extensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SqrtLinCombination</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">embed_cache</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
863
|
+
<dd><p>A class representing a linear combination</p>
|
|
864
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
865
|
+
<div><p>c_1 * sqrt(r_1) + c_2 * sqrt(r_2) + … + c_n * sqrt(r_n)</p>
|
|
866
|
+
</div></blockquote>
|
|
867
|
+
<p>where c_i and r_i have to be of type Integer, Rational or elements
|
|
868
|
+
of the same Sage NumberField with a real embedding (Caution: this is
|
|
869
|
+
assumed but not checked!) such that all r_i are positive (Caution: this is
|
|
870
|
+
not checked during construction!).</p>
|
|
871
|
+
<p>It implements +, -, * where one of the operators is allowed to be an
|
|
872
|
+
integer or rational.</p>
|
|
873
|
+
<p>/ is only implemented when the denominator has only one term c_1 * sqrt(1).
|
|
874
|
+
sqrt is only implemented for c_1 * sqrt(1) and it is not checked that
|
|
875
|
+
c_1 is positive.</p>
|
|
876
|
+
<p>== is implemented, but the other comparison operators are not: casting to
|
|
877
|
+
a RealIntervalField is implemented instead and the user can compare the
|
|
878
|
+
intervals.</p>
|
|
879
|
+
<p>The == operator is implemented by first reducing A == B to D == 0 and then
|
|
880
|
+
converting to a different data type (_FactorizedSqrtLinCombination) that can
|
|
881
|
+
represent linear combinations:</p>
|
|
882
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">D</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c_1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_1</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
883
|
+
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c_2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_2</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
884
|
+
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">...</span>
|
|
885
|
+
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c_n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k_n</span><span class="p">})</span>
|
|
886
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
887
|
+
</div>
|
|
888
|
+
<dl class="simple">
|
|
889
|
+
<dt>by just trivially setting</dt><dd><p>k_i = 0 when r_i = 1 and
|
|
890
|
+
r_{i,1} = r_i and k_1 = 1 otherwise.</p>
|
|
891
|
+
</dd>
|
|
892
|
+
</dl>
|
|
893
|
+
<p>For this data type, multiplying two sqrt(r_{i,j}) with equal r_{i,j} will
|
|
894
|
+
cancel the two sqrt’s and apply the common r_{i,j} to the c_i of the result
|
|
895
|
+
instead. Thus, the following procedure for determining whether D == 0 will
|
|
896
|
+
eventually terminate:</p>
|
|
897
|
+
<ul class="simple">
|
|
898
|
+
<li><p>if the number of terms n is 0, return True</p></li>
|
|
899
|
+
<li><p>if the number of terms n is 1, return c_1 == 0</p></li>
|
|
900
|
+
<li><p>if there is a r_{i,j} common to each summand, factor it out</p></li>
|
|
901
|
+
<li><p>pick one of the r_{i,j}, split the sum into two parts “left”,
|
|
902
|
+
respectively, “right” of all the terms containing sqrt(r_{i,j}),
|
|
903
|
+
respectively, not containing sqrt(r_{i,j}).</p></li>
|
|
904
|
+
<li><p>If left^2 - right^2 == 0 is False, return False.
|
|
905
|
+
(sqrt(r_{i,j})^2 simplifies to r_{i,j} and disappears, so the resulting
|
|
906
|
+
expression is easier and this recursion terminates eventually.)</p></li>
|
|
907
|
+
<li><p>If left == 0 (some comment applies), return True</p></li>
|
|
908
|
+
<li><p>Use interval arithmetic of increasing precision until it is high enough
|
|
909
|
+
to determine the signs of left and right.
|
|
910
|
+
Return True if and only if the signs differ, otherwise False.</p></li>
|
|
911
|
+
</ul>
|
|
912
|
+
<p>Examples:</p>
|
|
913
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sage: from sage.rings.number_field.number_field import NumberField
|
|
914
|
+
sage: from sage.rings.integer import Integer
|
|
915
|
+
sage: from sage.rings.rational import Rational
|
|
916
|
+
sage: from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RealLiteral, RealField
|
|
917
|
+
sage: from sage.rings.real_mpfi import RealIntervalField
|
|
918
|
+
sage: from sage.calculus.var import var
|
|
919
|
+
sage: from sage.functions.other import sqrt
|
|
920
|
+
sage: x = var('x')
|
|
921
|
+
sage: poly = x ** 6 + Rational((3,2))*x**4 + Rational((9,16))*x**2 - Rational((23,64))
|
|
922
|
+
sage: nf = NumberField(poly, 'z', embedding = RealField()(0.56227951206))
|
|
923
|
+
sage: z = nf.gen()
|
|
924
|
+
|
|
925
|
+
sage: A = SqrtLinCombination(z)
|
|
926
|
+
sage: B = SqrtLinCombination(Rational((8,9))*z**4 + Rational((10,9))*z**2 + Rational((2,9)))
|
|
927
|
+
sage: C = SqrtLinCombination(3)
|
|
928
|
+
sage: D = SqrtLinCombination(Integer(5))
|
|
929
|
+
sage: E = SqrtLinCombination(Rational((6,7)))
|
|
930
|
+
|
|
931
|
+
sage: A + B
|
|
932
|
+
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9) * sqrt(1)
|
|
933
|
+
sage: B - E
|
|
934
|
+
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 - 40/63) * sqrt(1)
|
|
935
|
+
sage: A + sqrt(B) * sqrt(B)
|
|
936
|
+
(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9) * sqrt(1)
|
|
937
|
+
sage: A + sqrt(B) * sqrt(B) + C == A + B + C
|
|
938
|
+
True
|
|
939
|
+
sage: A / E
|
|
940
|
+
(7/6*z) * sqrt(1)
|
|
941
|
+
sage: B / A.sqrt()
|
|
942
|
+
(128/207*z^5 + 376/207*z^3 + 302/207*z) * sqrt(z)
|
|
943
|
+
sage: B / (D * A.sqrt())
|
|
944
|
+
(128/1035*z^5 + 376/1035*z^3 + 302/1035*z) * sqrt(z)
|
|
945
|
+
sage: RIF = RealIntervalField(100)
|
|
946
|
+
sage: RIF(B.sqrt() + E.sqrt())
|
|
947
|
+
1.73967449622339881238507307209?
|
|
948
|
+
sage: A - B == 0
|
|
949
|
+
False
|
|
950
|
+
sage: (A + B).sqrt()
|
|
951
|
+
(1) * sqrt(8/9*z^4 + 10/9*z^2 + z + 2/9)
|
|
952
|
+
sage: 3 * A.sqrt() + (4 * B).sqrt() + C + 8 == (9 * A).sqrt() + 2 * B.sqrt() + (C * C).sqrt() + 11 - 3
|
|
953
|
+
True
|
|
954
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
955
|
+
</div>
|
|
956
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
957
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign">
|
|
958
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sign</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
959
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the +1, 0, -1 depending on whether the value is positive,
|
|
960
|
+
zero or negative. For the zero case, exact arithmetic is used to
|
|
961
|
+
certify. Otherwise, interval arithmetic is used.</p>
|
|
962
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
963
|
+
|
|
964
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
965
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign_with_interval">
|
|
966
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sign_with_interval</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.SqrtLinCombination.sign_with_interval" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
967
|
+
<dd><p>Similar to sign, but for the non-zero case, also return the interval
|
|
968
|
+
certifying the sign - useful for debugging.</p>
|
|
969
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
970
|
+
|
|
971
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
972
|
+
|
|
973
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
974
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination">
|
|
975
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.square_extensions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ComplexSqrtLinCombination</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">real</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">imag</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">embed_cache</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
976
|
+
<dd><p>A pair (real, imag) of SqrtLinCombinations representing the complex number
|
|
977
|
+
real + imag * I. Supports <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">real()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imag()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>,
|
|
978
|
+
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abs</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">conjugate()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">==</span></code>.</p>
|
|
979
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
980
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.imag">
|
|
981
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">imag</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.imag" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
982
|
+
<dd><p>Imaginary part.</p>
|
|
983
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
984
|
+
|
|
985
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
986
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.real">
|
|
987
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">real</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.square_extensions.ComplexSqrtLinCombination.real" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
988
|
+
<dd><p>Real part.</p>
|
|
989
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
990
|
+
|
|
991
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
992
|
+
|
|
993
|
+
</section>
|
|
994
|
+
<section id="module-snappy.verify.exceptions">
|
|
995
|
+
<span id="exceptions"></span><h2>Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#module-snappy.verify.exceptions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
996
|
+
<p>All final exceptions are deriving from two base classes:</p>
|
|
997
|
+
<ul class="simple">
|
|
998
|
+
<li><p>a subclass of VerifyErrorBase to indicate whether a numerical or exact
|
|
999
|
+
verification failed</p></li>
|
|
1000
|
+
<li><p>a subclass of EquationType to indicate the type of equation of
|
|
1001
|
+
inequality for which the verification failed.</p></li>
|
|
1002
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1003
|
+
<p>Intermediate subclasses (those without __init__) are not supposed to be
|
|
1004
|
+
raised.</p>
|
|
1005
|
+
<p>The hierarchy is as follows:</p>
|
|
1006
|
+
<ul class="simple">
|
|
1007
|
+
<li><p>VerifyErrorBase(RuntimeError)</p>
|
|
1008
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1009
|
+
<li><p>NumericalVerifyError</p>
|
|
1010
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1011
|
+
<li><p>InequalityNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1012
|
+
<li><p>LogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1013
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1014
|
+
</li>
|
|
1015
|
+
<li><p>ExactVerifyError</p>
|
|
1016
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1017
|
+
<li><p>IsZeroExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1018
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1019
|
+
</li>
|
|
1020
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1021
|
+
</li>
|
|
1022
|
+
<li><p>EquationType</p>
|
|
1023
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1024
|
+
<li><p>EdgeEquationType</p>
|
|
1025
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1026
|
+
<li><p>EdgeEquationExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1027
|
+
<li><p>EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1028
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1029
|
+
</li>
|
|
1030
|
+
<li><p>CuspConsistencyType</p>
|
|
1031
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1032
|
+
<li><p>CuspEquationType</p>
|
|
1033
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1034
|
+
<li><p>CuspEquationExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1035
|
+
<li><p>CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1036
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1037
|
+
</li>
|
|
1038
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1039
|
+
</li>
|
|
1040
|
+
<li><p>TiltType</p>
|
|
1041
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1042
|
+
<li><p>TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError</p>
|
|
1043
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1044
|
+
<li><p>TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1045
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1046
|
+
</li>
|
|
1047
|
+
<li><p>TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1048
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1049
|
+
</li>
|
|
1050
|
+
<li><p>ShapeType</p>
|
|
1051
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1052
|
+
<li><p>ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError</p></li>
|
|
1053
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1054
|
+
</li>
|
|
1055
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1056
|
+
</li>
|
|
1057
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1058
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1059
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspConsistencyType">
|
|
1060
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspConsistencyType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspConsistencyType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1061
|
+
<dd><p>A base class indicating that verificatin of an equation involving a cusp
|
|
1062
|
+
failed.</p>
|
|
1063
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1064
|
+
|
|
1065
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1066
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationExactVerifyError">
|
|
1067
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expected_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationExactVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1068
|
+
<dd><p>Exception for failed verification of a polynomial cusp gluing equation
|
|
1069
|
+
using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1070
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1071
|
+
|
|
1072
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1073
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1074
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expected_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1075
|
+
<dd><p>Exception for failed numerical verification that a logarithmic cusp
|
|
1076
|
+
equation has error bound by epsilon.</p>
|
|
1077
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1078
|
+
|
|
1079
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1080
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationType">
|
|
1081
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CuspEquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.CuspEquationType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1082
|
+
<dd><p>A base class indicating that a cusp gluing equation (involving the
|
|
1083
|
+
shapes) failed.</p>
|
|
1084
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1085
|
+
|
|
1086
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1087
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationExactVerifyError">
|
|
1088
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationExactVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1089
|
+
<dd><p>Exception for failed verification of a polynomial edge equation
|
|
1090
|
+
using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1091
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1092
|
+
|
|
1093
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1094
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1095
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationLogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1096
|
+
<dd><p>Exception for failed numerical verification that a logarithmic edge
|
|
1097
|
+
equation has error bound by epsilon.</p>
|
|
1098
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1099
|
+
|
|
1100
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1101
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationType">
|
|
1102
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EdgeEquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EdgeEquationType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1103
|
+
<dd><p>A base class indicating that an edge equation could not be verified.</p>
|
|
1104
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1105
|
+
|
|
1106
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1107
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.EquationType">
|
|
1108
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EquationType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.EquationType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1109
|
+
<dd><p>A base class to derive subclasses which indicate what kind of
|
|
1110
|
+
equation failed to be verified.</p>
|
|
1111
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1112
|
+
|
|
1113
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1114
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ExactVerifyError">
|
|
1115
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ExactVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ExactVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1116
|
+
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed verification of an
|
|
1117
|
+
equation using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1118
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1119
|
+
|
|
1120
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1121
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.InequalityNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1122
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InequalityNumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.InequalityNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1123
|
+
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed numerical
|
|
1124
|
+
verification of an inequality (typically by interval arithmetics).</p>
|
|
1125
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1126
|
+
|
|
1127
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1128
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.IsZeroExactVerifyError">
|
|
1129
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IsZeroExactVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.IsZeroExactVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1130
|
+
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from verifying that a desired
|
|
1131
|
+
quantity is zero using exact arithmetics.</p>
|
|
1132
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1133
|
+
|
|
1134
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1135
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.LogLiftNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1136
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LogLiftNumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.LogLiftNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1137
|
+
<dd><p>To verify a logarithmic gluing equation, the verify module will usually
|
|
1138
|
+
first verify the corresponding polynomial gluing equation.
|
|
1139
|
+
This means that the logarithmic gluing equation will be fulfilled up
|
|
1140
|
+
to a multiple of 2 Pi I.
|
|
1141
|
+
It then computes the logarithms and numerically checks that the result
|
|
1142
|
+
is close (by some epsilon) to the right value. Because we already know
|
|
1143
|
+
that the difference is a multiple of 2 Pi I, checking closeness is enough.</p>
|
|
1144
|
+
<p>This exception is supposed to be raised if the polynomial gluing equations
|
|
1145
|
+
have passed but checking the logarithmic equation is epsilon-close has
|
|
1146
|
+
failed.</p>
|
|
1147
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1148
|
+
|
|
1149
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1150
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.NumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1151
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NumericalVerifyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.NumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1152
|
+
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions resulting from a failed numerical
|
|
1153
|
+
verification of an equality (using some epsilon) or inequality
|
|
1154
|
+
(typically by interval arithmetics).</p>
|
|
1155
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1156
|
+
|
|
1157
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1158
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1159
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapePositiveImaginaryPartNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1160
|
+
<dd><p>Failed numerical verification of a shape having positive imaginary part.</p>
|
|
1161
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1162
|
+
|
|
1163
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1164
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapeType">
|
|
1165
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ShapeType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.ShapeType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1166
|
+
<dd><p>Base class for failed verification of legal shapes.</p>
|
|
1167
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1168
|
+
|
|
1169
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1170
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1171
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltInequalityNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1172
|
+
<dd><p>Numerically verifying that a tilt is negative has failed.</p>
|
|
1173
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1174
|
+
|
|
1175
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1176
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError">
|
|
1177
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltIsZeroExactVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1178
|
+
<dd><p>Verifying that a tilt is zero has failed using exact arithmetic.</p>
|
|
1179
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1180
|
+
|
|
1181
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1182
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError">
|
|
1183
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltProvenPositiveNumericalVerifyError" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1184
|
+
<dd><p>Numerically verifying that a tilt is negative has not only failed, we
|
|
1185
|
+
proved that the tilt is positive and thus that this cannot be a
|
|
1186
|
+
proto-canonical triangulation.</p>
|
|
1187
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1188
|
+
|
|
1189
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1190
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltType">
|
|
1191
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TiltType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.TiltType" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1192
|
+
<dd><p>A base class relating to tilts.</p>
|
|
1193
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1194
|
+
|
|
1195
|
+
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
1196
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.exceptions.VerifyErrorBase">
|
|
1197
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.exceptions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VerifyErrorBase</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.exceptions.VerifyErrorBase" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1198
|
+
<dd><p>The base for all exceptions related to verification.</p>
|
|
1199
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1200
|
+
|
|
1201
|
+
</section>
|
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+
</section>
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</div>
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</div>
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|
+
<footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer">
|
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|
+
<a href="verify.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Verified computations" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
|
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<a href="other.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Other components" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
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</div>
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<hr/>
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<div role="contentinfo">
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<p>© Copyright 2009-2025, by Marc Culler, Nathan Dunfield, Matthias Goerner, Jeffrey Weeks and others.</p>
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provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
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