sglang 0.5.3rc0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.5.3rc2__py3-none-any.whl

sglang/srt/layers/attention/mamba/ops/ssd_chunk_scan.py

@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+# Adapted from: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/tree/main/vllm/model_executor/layers/mamba/ops/ssd_chunk_scan.py
+
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+
+# Copyright (c) 2024, Tri Dao, Albert Gu.
+# Adapted from https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/v2.2.4/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/ssd_chunk_scan.py
+
+# ruff: noqa: E501,SIM102
+
+import torch
+import triton
+import triton.language as tl
+from packaging import version
+
+TRITON_22 = version.parse(triton.__version__) >= version.parse("2.2.0")
+
+
+# @triton.autotune(
+#     configs=[
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 256, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 64},
+#             num_stages=3,
+#             num_warps=8,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 256, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 64},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 64},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 128, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 32, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=4,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 32, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=5,
+#             num_warps=2,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 32, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=5,
+#             num_warps=2,
+#         ),
+#         triton.Config(
+#             {"BLOCK_SIZE_M": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_N": 64, "BLOCK_SIZE_K": 32},
+#             num_stages=4,
+#             num_warps=2,
+#         ),
+#     ],
+#     key=["chunk_size", "hdim", "dstate", "IS_CAUSAL"],
+# )
+@triton.jit
+def _chunk_scan_fwd_kernel(
+    # Pointers to matrices
+    cb_ptr,
+    x_ptr,
+    z_ptr,
+    out_ptr,
+    out_x_ptr,
+    dt_ptr,
+    dA_cumsum_ptr,
+    seq_idx_ptr,
+    C_ptr,
+    states_ptr,
+    D_ptr,
+    initstates_ptr,
+    chunk_indices_ptr,
+    chunk_offsets_ptr,
+    chunk_meta_num,
+    # Matrix dimensions
+    chunk_size,
+    hdim,
+    dstate,
+    batch,
+    seqlen,
+    nheads_ngroups_ratio,
+    # Strides
+    stride_cb_batch,
+    stride_cb_chunk,
+    stride_cb_head,
+    stride_cb_csize_m,
+    stride_cb_csize_k,
+    stride_x_batch,
+    stride_x_seqlen,
+    stride_x_head,
+    stride_x_hdim,
+    stride_z_batch,
+    stride_z_seqlen,
+    stride_z_head,
+    stride_z_hdim,
+    stride_out_batch,
+    stride_out_seqlen,
+    stride_out_head,
+    stride_out_hdim,
+    stride_dt_batch,
+    stride_dt_chunk,
+    stride_dt_head,
+    stride_dt_csize,
+    stride_dA_cs_batch,
+    stride_dA_cs_chunk,
+    stride_dA_cs_head,
+    stride_dA_cs_csize,
+    stride_seq_idx_batch,
+    stride_seq_idx_seqlen,
+    stride_C_batch,
+    stride_C_seqlen,
+    stride_C_head,
+    stride_C_dstate,
+    stride_states_batch,
+    stride_states_chunk,
+    stride_states_head,
+    stride_states_hdim,
+    stride_states_dstate,
+    stride_init_states_batch,
+    stride_init_states_head,
+    stride_init_states_hdim,
+    stride_init_states_dstate,
+    stride_D_head,
+    # Meta-parameters
+    IS_CAUSAL: tl.constexpr,
+    HAS_D: tl.constexpr,
+    D_HAS_HDIM: tl.constexpr,
+    HAS_Z: tl.constexpr,
+    HAS_SEQ_IDX: tl.constexpr,
+    BLOCK_SIZE_DSTATE: tl.constexpr,
+    IS_TRITON_22: tl.constexpr,
+    HAS_INITSTATES: tl.constexpr,
+    BLOCK_SIZE_M: tl.constexpr = 16,
+    BLOCK_SIZE_N: tl.constexpr = 16,
+    BLOCK_SIZE_K: tl.constexpr = 16,
+):
+    pid_bc = tl.program_id(axis=1).to(tl.int64)
+    pid_c = pid_bc // batch
+    pid_b = pid_bc - pid_c * batch
+    if not HAS_INITSTATES:
+        c_idx = pid_c
+        c_off = 0
+    else:
+        c_idx = tl.load(chunk_indices_ptr + pid_c, mask=pid_c > -1, other=0)
+        c_off = tl.load(chunk_offsets_ptr + pid_c, mask=pid_c > -1, other=0)
+
+    pid_h = tl.program_id(axis=2)
+    num_pid_n = tl.cdiv(hdim, BLOCK_SIZE_N)
+    pid_m = tl.program_id(axis=0) // num_pid_n
+    pid_n = tl.program_id(axis=0) % num_pid_n
+    cb_ptr += (
+        pid_b * stride_cb_batch
+        + c_idx * stride_cb_chunk
+        + (pid_h // nheads_ngroups_ratio) * stride_cb_head
+    )
+    x_ptr += (
+        pid_b * stride_x_batch
+        + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_x_seqlen
+        + pid_h * stride_x_head
+    )
+    dt_ptr += pid_b * stride_dt_batch + c_idx * stride_dt_chunk + pid_h * stride_dt_head
+    dA_cumsum_ptr += (
+        pid_b * stride_dA_cs_batch
+        + c_idx * stride_dA_cs_chunk
+        + pid_h * stride_dA_cs_head
+    )
+    C_ptr += (
+        pid_b * stride_C_batch
+        + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_C_seqlen
+        + (pid_h // nheads_ngroups_ratio) * stride_C_head
+    )
+
+    # M-block offsets and prev states
+    #  - logic in next block may override these if there is an active offset
+    offs_m = pid_m * BLOCK_SIZE_M + c_off + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE_M)
+    prev_states_ptr = (
+        states_ptr
+        + pid_b * stride_states_batch
+        + c_idx * stride_states_chunk
+        + pid_h * stride_states_head
+    )
+    prev_states_hdim = stride_states_hdim
+    prev_states_dstate = stride_states_dstate
+
+    chunk_size_limit = min(chunk_size, seqlen - c_idx * chunk_size)
+    if HAS_SEQ_IDX:
+        seq_idx_ptr += (
+            pid_b * stride_seq_idx_batch + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_seq_idx_seqlen
+        )
+
+        # - we only need seq_idx_prev to be aligned to chunk boundary
+        seq_idx_prev = tl.load(
+            seq_idx_ptr - stride_seq_idx_seqlen, mask=c_idx >= 1, other=0
+        )
+
+        if HAS_INITSTATES:
+            # if there are init states, we only need seq_idx_m to point
+            # what is the current seq_idx
+
+            # get current seq idx
+            if (pid_m * BLOCK_SIZE_M + c_off) < chunk_size_limit:
+                seq_idx_m = tl.load(
+                    seq_idx_ptr
+                    + (pid_m * BLOCK_SIZE_M + c_off) * stride_seq_idx_seqlen,
+                )
+
+                # - recall that in ssd_state_passing, for the case c_off == 0
+                # i.e., the very first sequence, we made states_ptr hold its initial state
+                # so this edge case is taken care of
+                if (
+                    (c_off == 0)
+                    and (
+                        seq_idx_prev != seq_idx_m
+                    )  # if a seq is changed exactly on boundary
+                    or (c_off > 0)  # implies a new example (pseudo chunk)
+                ):
+
+                    # - replace prev_states_ptr with init_states
+                    prev_states_ptr = (
+                        initstates_ptr
+                        + seq_idx_m * stride_init_states_batch
+                        + pid_h * stride_init_states_head
+                    )
+                    prev_states_hdim = stride_init_states_hdim  # override strides
+                    prev_states_dstate = stride_init_states_dstate
+
+    offs_n = pid_n * BLOCK_SIZE_N + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE_N)
+    dA_cs_m = tl.load(
+        dA_cumsum_ptr + offs_m * stride_dA_cs_csize, mask=offs_m < chunk_size, other=0.0
+    ).to(tl.float32)
+
+    # - handle chunk state limit
+    if HAS_INITSTATES:
+
+        # have to split this if otherwise compilation will have problems
+        dA_cs_m_boundary = 0.0
+
+        # get the c_idx for the next (logica) chunk
+        c_idx_n = tl.load(
+            chunk_indices_ptr + (pid_c + 1),
+            mask=pid_c > -1 and (pid_c + 1) < chunk_meta_num,
+            other=-1,  # to trigger different chunk
+        )
+
+        # - there are things to consider
+        # A. if c_off > 0 then we need to move the dA_cs boundary to ensure correct
+        #    contribution of past states
+        # B. if c_off_n < chunk_size_limit, then we need to adjust this so as not to
+        #    encroach into the next sequence, where c_off_n is the offset of the next
+        #    (logical) chunk.
+        # An equivalent check for B is c_idx == c_idx_n, where there is repetition in
+        # (logical) chunk indices.
+
+        if (c_idx == c_idx_n) or c_off > 0:
+
+            # get the next offset
+            c_off_n = tl.load(
+                chunk_offsets_ptr + (pid_c + 1),
+                mask=pid_c > -1 and (pid_c + 1) < chunk_meta_num,
+                other=chunk_size,
+            )
+
+            # in this case, adjust down the chunk_size_limit
+            if c_idx == c_idx_n:
+                chunk_size_limit = min(c_off_n, chunk_size_limit)
+
+            # get the cs at the offset boundary
+            # - c_off == 0 is a passthrough
+            # - We need dA_cs at the boundary, defined by c_off - no need
+            #   to increase pointer by pid_m (it is a constant offset,
+            #   i.e. the same for all blocks)
+            dA_cs_m_boundary = tl.load(
+                dA_cumsum_ptr + (c_off - 1) * stride_dA_cs_csize,
+                mask=(((c_off - 1) > -1) and ((c_off) < chunk_size)),
+                other=0.0,
+            ).to(tl.float32)
+
+    if HAS_SEQ_IDX:
+        # - handle seq idx when HAS_INITSTATES==False
+        if not HAS_INITSTATES:
+            seq_idx_m = tl.load(
+                seq_idx_ptr + offs_m * stride_seq_idx_seqlen,
+                mask=offs_m < chunk_size_limit,
+                other=-1,
+            )
+
+    acc = tl.zeros((BLOCK_SIZE_M, BLOCK_SIZE_N), dtype=tl.float32)
+
+    # Without the if (pid_c > -1), with Triton 2.1.0, I get
+    # Assertion `!(srcMmaLayout && dstMmaLayout) && "Unexpected mma -> mm a layout conversion"' failed.
+    # With Triton 2.2.0, this works
+    if IS_TRITON_22 or c_idx > -1:
+        # Faster to just do 1 iteration with larger BLOCK_SIZE_K, up to block size 128
+        offs_k_dstate = tl.arange(
+            0, BLOCK_SIZE_DSTATE if BLOCK_SIZE_DSTATE <= 128 else BLOCK_SIZE_K
+        )
+        C_ptrs = C_ptr + (
+            offs_m[:, None] * stride_C_seqlen + offs_k_dstate[None, :] * stride_C_dstate
+        )
+
+        prev_states_ptrs = prev_states_ptr + (
+            offs_n[None, :] * prev_states_hdim
+            + offs_k_dstate[:, None] * prev_states_dstate
+        )
+        if HAS_SEQ_IDX:
+
+            if not HAS_INITSTATES:
+                # - this is for continuous batching where there is no init states
+                scale_m = tl.where(seq_idx_m == seq_idx_prev, tl.exp(dA_cs_m), 0.0)
+            else:
+                # - if there is initstates, we will rely on prev_states, no zeroing
+                #   required.
+                scale_m = tl.exp(dA_cs_m - dA_cs_m_boundary)
+        else:
+            scale_m = tl.exp(dA_cs_m)
+        if BLOCK_SIZE_DSTATE <= 128:
+            C = tl.load(
+                C_ptrs,
+                mask=(offs_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit)
+                & (offs_k_dstate[None, :] < dstate),
+                other=0.0,
+            )
+
+            prev_states = tl.load(
+                prev_states_ptrs,
+                mask=(offs_k_dstate[:, None] < dstate) & (offs_n[None, :] < hdim),
+                other=0.0,
+            )
+            prev_states = prev_states.to(C_ptr.dtype.element_ty)
+            acc = tl.dot(C, prev_states) * scale_m[:, None]
+        else:
+            for k in range(0, dstate, BLOCK_SIZE_K):
+                C = tl.load(
+                    C_ptrs,
+                    mask=(offs_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit)
+                    & (offs_k_dstate[None, :] < dstate - k),
+                    other=0.0,
+                )
+                # C = (C * scale_m[:, None]).to(C_ptr.dtype.element_ty)
+                prev_states = tl.load(
+                    prev_states_ptrs,
+                    mask=(offs_k_dstate[:, None] < dstate - k)
+                    & (offs_n[None, :] < hdim),
+                    other=0.0,
+                )
+                prev_states = prev_states.to(C_ptr.dtype.element_ty)
+                acc += tl.dot(C, prev_states)
+                C_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K
+                prev_states_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K
+            acc *= scale_m[:, None]
+
+    offs_k = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE_K) + c_off
+    cb_ptrs = cb_ptr + (
+        offs_m[:, None] * stride_cb_csize_m + offs_k[None, :] * stride_cb_csize_k
+    )
+    x_ptrs = x_ptr + (
+        offs_k[:, None] * stride_x_seqlen + offs_n[None, :] * stride_x_hdim
+    )
+    dt_ptrs = dt_ptr + offs_k * stride_dt_csize
+    dA_cumsum_ptrs = dA_cumsum_ptr + offs_k * stride_dA_cs_csize
+    K_MAX = (
+        chunk_size_limit
+        if not IS_CAUSAL
+        else min((pid_m + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_M, chunk_size_limit)
+    )
+    for k in range(0, K_MAX, BLOCK_SIZE_K):
+        cb = tl.load(
+            cb_ptrs,
+            mask=(offs_m[:, None] < chunk_size) & (offs_k[None, :] < chunk_size - k),
+            other=0.0,
+        ).to(tl.float32)
+        dA_cs_k = tl.load(dA_cumsum_ptrs, mask=offs_k < chunk_size - k, other=0.0).to(
+            tl.float32
+        )
+        # If there's seq_idx, we already set cb[i, j] = 0 for seq_idx[i] != seq_idx[j].
+        # So we don't need masking wrt seq_idx here.
+        cb *= tl.exp(dA_cs_m[:, None] - dA_cs_k[None, :])
+        dt_k = tl.load(dt_ptrs, mask=offs_k < chunk_size - k, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)
+        cb *= dt_k
+        if IS_CAUSAL:
+            mask = offs_m[:, None] >= k + offs_k[None, :]
+            cb = tl.where(mask, cb, 0.0)
+        cb = cb.to(x_ptr.dtype.element_ty)
+        x = tl.load(
+            x_ptrs,
+            mask=(offs_k[:, None] < chunk_size_limit - k) & (offs_n[None, :] < hdim),
+            other=0.0,
+        )
+        acc += tl.dot(cb, x)
+        cb_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K * stride_cb_csize_k
+        x_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K * stride_x_seqlen
+        dt_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K * stride_dt_csize
+        dA_cumsum_ptrs += BLOCK_SIZE_K * stride_dA_cs_csize
+
+    offs_out_m = pid_m * BLOCK_SIZE_M + c_off + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE_M)
+    offs_out_n = pid_n * BLOCK_SIZE_N + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE_N)
+
+    if HAS_D:
+        if D_HAS_HDIM:
+            D = tl.load(
+                D_ptr + pid_h * stride_D_head + offs_n, mask=offs_n < hdim, other=0.0
+            ).to(tl.float32)
+        else:
+            D = tl.load(D_ptr + pid_h * stride_D_head).to(tl.float32)
+        x_residual = tl.load(
+            x_ptr
+            + (offs_m[:, None] * stride_x_seqlen + offs_n[None, :] * stride_x_hdim),
+            mask=(offs_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit) & (offs_n[None, :] < hdim),
+            other=0.0,
+        ).to(tl.float32)
+        acc += x_residual * D
+
+    if HAS_Z:
+        out_x_ptr += (
+            pid_b * stride_out_batch
+            + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_out_seqlen
+            + pid_h * stride_out_head
+        )
+        out_x_ptrs = out_x_ptr + (
+            stride_out_seqlen * offs_out_m[:, None] + offs_out_n[None, :]
+        )
+        tl.store(
+            out_x_ptrs,
+            acc,
+            mask=(offs_out_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit)
+            & (offs_out_n[None, :] < hdim),
+        )
+
+        z_ptr += (
+            pid_b * stride_z_batch
+            + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_z_seqlen
+            + pid_h * stride_z_head
+        )
+        z_ptrs = z_ptr + (
+            stride_z_seqlen * offs_out_m[:, None] + stride_z_hdim * offs_out_n[None, :]
+        )
+        z = tl.load(
+            z_ptrs,
+            mask=(offs_out_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit)
+            & (offs_out_n[None, :] < hdim),
+            other=0.0,
+        ).to(tl.float32)
+        acc *= z * tl.sigmoid(z)
+
+    out_ptr += (
+        pid_b * stride_out_batch
+        + c_idx * chunk_size * stride_out_seqlen
+        + pid_h * stride_out_head
+    )
+    out_ptrs = out_ptr + (
+        stride_out_seqlen * offs_out_m[:, None] + offs_out_n[None, :] * stride_out_hdim
+    )
+    tl.store(
+        out_ptrs,
+        acc,
+        mask=(offs_out_m[:, None] < chunk_size_limit) & (offs_out_n[None, :] < hdim),
+    )
+
+
+def _chunk_scan_fwd(
+    cb,
+    x,
+    dt,
+    dA_cumsum,
+    C,
+    states,
+    D=None,
+    z=None,
+    seq_idx=None,
+    chunk_indices=None,
+    chunk_offsets=None,
+    initial_states=None,
+    out=None,
+):
+    batch, seqlen, nheads, headdim = x.shape
+    _, _, nchunks, chunk_size = dt.shape
+    _, _, ngroups, dstate = C.shape
+    assert nheads % ngroups == 0
+    assert C.shape == (batch, seqlen, ngroups, dstate)
+    assert cb.shape == (batch, nchunks, ngroups, chunk_size, chunk_size)
+    if z is not None:
+        assert z.shape == x.shape
+    if D is not None:
+        assert D.shape == (nheads, headdim) or D.shape == (nheads,)
+    assert dt.shape == (batch, nheads, nchunks, chunk_size)
+    assert dA_cumsum.shape == (batch, nheads, nchunks, chunk_size)
+    assert states.shape == (batch, nchunks, nheads, headdim, dstate)
+
+    if seq_idx is not None:
+        assert seq_idx.shape == (batch, seqlen)
+
+        if initial_states is not None:
+            # with initial states, we need to take care of how
+            # seq_idx crosses the boundaries
+            assert batch == 1, "chunk scan only supports initial states with batch 1"
+            assert (
+                chunk_indices is not None and chunk_offsets is not None
+            ), "chunk_indices and chunk_offsets should have been set"
+        else:
+            chunk_indices, chunk_offsets = None, None
+    else:
+        chunk_indices, chunk_offsets = None, None
+
+    assert out.shape == x.shape
+
+    if z is not None:
+        out_x = torch.empty_like(x)
+        assert out_x.stride() == out.stride()
+    else:
+        out_x = None
+
+    grid = lambda META: (
+        triton.cdiv(chunk_size, META["BLOCK_SIZE_M"])
+        * triton.cdiv(headdim, META["BLOCK_SIZE_N"]),
+        batch * nchunks if chunk_offsets is None else len(chunk_offsets),
+        nheads,
+    )
+    z_strides = (
+        (z.stride(0), z.stride(1), z.stride(2), z.stride(3))
+        if z is not None
+        else (0, 0, 0, 0)
+    )
+    _chunk_scan_fwd_kernel[grid](
+        cb,
+        x,
+        z,
+        out,
+        out_x,
+        dt,
+        dA_cumsum,
+        seq_idx,
+        C,
+        states,
+        D,
+        initial_states,
+        chunk_indices,
+        chunk_offsets,
+        len(chunk_indices) if chunk_indices is not None else 0,
+        chunk_size,
+        headdim,
+        dstate,
+        batch,
+        seqlen,
+        nheads // ngroups,
+        cb.stride(0),
+        cb.stride(1),
+        cb.stride(2),
+        cb.stride(3),
+        cb.stride(4),
+        x.stride(0),
+        x.stride(1),
+        x.stride(2),
+        x.stride(3),
+        z_strides[0],
+        z_strides[1],
+        z_strides[2],
+        z_strides[3],
+        out.stride(0),
+        out.stride(1),
+        out.stride(2),
+        out.stride(3),
+        dt.stride(0),
+        dt.stride(2),
+        dt.stride(1),
+        dt.stride(3),
+        dA_cumsum.stride(0),
+        dA_cumsum.stride(2),
+        dA_cumsum.stride(1),
+        dA_cumsum.stride(3),
+        *((seq_idx.stride(0), seq_idx.stride(1)) if seq_idx is not None else (0, 0)),
+        C.stride(0),
+        C.stride(1),
+        C.stride(2),
+        C.stride(3),
+        states.stride(0),
+        states.stride(1),
+        states.stride(2),
+        states.stride(3),
+        states.stride(4),
+        *(
+            (
+                initial_states.stride(0),
+                initial_states.stride(1),
+                initial_states.stride(2),
+                initial_states.stride(3),
+            )
+            if initial_states is not None
+            else (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        ),
+        D.stride(0) if D is not None else 0,
+        True,
+        D is not None,
+        D.dim() == 2 if D is not None else True,
+        BLOCK_SIZE_DSTATE=max(triton.next_power_of_2(dstate), 16),
+        HAS_Z=z is not None,
+        HAS_SEQ_IDX=seq_idx is not None,
+        IS_TRITON_22=TRITON_22,
+        HAS_INITSTATES=initial_states is not None,
+    )
+    return out_x