scipy 1.15.3__cp312-cp312-macosx_12_0_arm64.whl → 1.16.0rc2__cp312-cp312-macosx_12_0_arm64.whl

scipy/_lib/array_api_extra/_lib/_at.py

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+"""Update operations for read-only arrays."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import operator
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from enum import Enum
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar, cast
+
+from ._utils import _compat
+from ._utils._compat import (
+    array_namespace,
+    is_dask_array,
+    is_jax_array,
+    is_torch_array,
+    is_writeable_array,
+)
+from ._utils._helpers import meta_namespace
+from ._utils._typing import Array, SetIndex
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    # TODO import from typing (requires Python >=3.11)
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+
+class _AtOp(Enum):
+    """Operations for use in `xpx.at`."""
+
+    SET = "set"
+    ADD = "add"
+    SUBTRACT = "subtract"
+    MULTIPLY = "multiply"
+    DIVIDE = "divide"
+    POWER = "power"
+    MIN = "min"
+    MAX = "max"
+
+    # @override from Python 3.12
+    def __str__(self) -> str:  # type: ignore[explicit-override]  # pyright: ignore[reportImplicitOverride]
+        """
+        Return string representation (useful for pytest logs).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            The operation's name.
+        """
+        return self.value
+
+
+class Undef(Enum):
+    """Sentinel for undefined values."""
+
+    UNDEF = 0
+
+
+_undef = Undef.UNDEF
+
+
+class at:  # pylint: disable=invalid-name  # numpydoc ignore=PR02
+    """
+    Update operations for read-only arrays.
+
+    This implements ``jax.numpy.ndarray.at`` for all writeable
+    backends (those that support ``__setitem__``) and routes
+    to the ``.at[]`` method for JAX arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array
+        Input array.
+    idx : index, optional
+        Only `array API standard compliant indices
+        <https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/indexing.html>`_
+        are supported.
+
+        You may use two alternate syntaxes::
+
+          >>> import array_api_extra as xpx
+          >>> xpx.at(x, idx).set(value)  # or add(value), etc.
+          >>> xpx.at(x)[idx].set(value)
+
+    copy : bool, optional
+        None (default)
+            The array parameter *may* be modified in place if it is
+            possible and beneficial for performance.
+            You should not reuse it after calling this function.
+        True
+            Ensure that the inputs are not modified.
+        False
+            Ensure that the update operation writes back to the input.
+            Raise ``ValueError`` if a copy cannot be avoided.
+
+    xp : array_namespace, optional
+        The standard-compatible namespace for `x`. Default: infer.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Updated input array.
+
+    Warnings
+    --------
+    (a) When you omit the ``copy`` parameter, you should never reuse the parameter
+    array later on; ideally, you should reassign it immediately::
+
+        >>> import array_api_extra as xpx
+        >>> x = xpx.at(x, 0).set(2)
+
+    The above best practice pattern ensures that the behaviour won't change depending
+    on whether ``x`` is writeable or not, as the original ``x`` object is dereferenced
+    as soon as ``xpx.at`` returns; this way there is no risk to accidentally update it
+    twice.
+
+    On the reverse, the anti-pattern below must be avoided, as it will result in
+    different behaviour on read-only versus writeable arrays::
+
+        >>> x = xp.asarray([0, 0, 0])
+        >>> y = xpx.at(x, 0).set(2)
+        >>> z = xpx.at(x, 1).set(3)
+
+    In the above example, both calls to ``xpx.at`` update ``x`` in place *if possible*.
+    This causes the behaviour to diverge depending on whether ``x`` is writeable or not:
+
+    - If ``x`` is writeable, then after the snippet above you'll have
+      ``x == y == z == [2, 3, 0]``
+    - If ``x`` is read-only, then you'll end up with
+      ``x == [0, 0, 0]``, ``y == [2, 0, 0]`` and ``z == [0, 3, 0]``.
+
+    The correct pattern to use if you want diverging outputs from the same input is
+    to enforce copies::
+
+        >>> x = xp.asarray([0, 0, 0])
+        >>> y = xpx.at(x, 0).set(2, copy=True)  # Never updates x
+        >>> z = xpx.at(x, 1).set(3)  # May or may not update x in place
+        >>> del x  # avoid accidental reuse of x as we don't know its state anymore
+
+    (b) The array API standard does not support integer array indices.
+    The behaviour of update methods when the index is an array of integers is
+    undefined and will vary between backends; this is particularly true when the
+    index contains multiple occurrences of the same index, e.g.::
+
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import jax.numpy as jnp
+        >>> import array_api_extra as xpx
+        >>> xpx.at(np.asarray([123]), np.asarray([0, 0])).add(1)
+        array([124])
+        >>> xpx.at(jnp.asarray([123]), jnp.asarray([0, 0])).add(1)
+        Array([125], dtype=int32)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    jax.numpy.ndarray.at : Equivalent array method in JAX.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    `sparse <https://sparse.pydata.org/>`_, as well as read-only arrays from libraries
+    not explicitly covered by ``array-api-compat``, are not supported by update
+    methods.
+
+    Boolean masks are supported on Dask and jitted JAX arrays exclusively
+    when `idx` has the same shape as `x` and `y` is 0-dimensional.
+    Note that this support is not available in JAX's native
+    ``x.at[mask].set(y)``.
+
+    This pattern::
+
+        >>> mask = m(x)
+        >>> x[mask] = f(x[mask])
+
+    Can't be replaced by `at`, as it won't work on Dask and JAX inside jax.jit::
+
+        >>> mask = m(x)
+        >>> x = xpx.at(x, mask).set(f(x[mask])  # Crash on Dask and jax.jit
+
+    You should instead use::
+
+        >>> x = xp.where(m(x), f(x), x)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Given either of these equivalent expressions::
+
+      >>> import array_api_extra as xpx
+      >>> x = xpx.at(x)[1].add(2)
+      >>> x = xpx.at(x, 1).add(2)
+
+    If x is a JAX array, they are the same as::
+
+      >>> x = x.at[1].add(2)
+
+    If x is a read-only NumPy array, they are the same as::
+
+      >>> x = x.copy()
+      >>> x[1] += 2
+
+    For other known backends, they are the same as::
+
+      >>> x[1] += 2
+    """
+
+    _x: Array
+    _idx: SetIndex | Undef
+    __slots__: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ("_idx", "_x")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, x: Array, idx: SetIndex | Undef = _undef, /
+    ) -> None:  # numpydoc ignore=GL08
+        self._x = x
+        self._idx = idx
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: SetIndex, /) -> Self:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """
+        Allow for the alternate syntax ``at(x)[start:stop:step]``.
+
+        It looks prettier than ``at(x, slice(start, stop, step))``
+        and feels more intuitive coming from the JAX documentation.
+        """
+        if self._idx is not _undef:
+            msg = "Index has already been set"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        return type(self)(self._x, idx)
+
+    def _op(
+        self,
+        at_op: _AtOp,
+        in_place_op: Callable[[Array, Array | complex], Array] | None,
+        out_of_place_op: Callable[[Array, Array], Array] | None,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None,
+    ) -> Array:
+        """
+        Implement all update operations.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        at_op : _AtOp
+            Method of JAX's Array.at[].
+        in_place_op : Callable[[Array, Array | complex], Array] | None
+            In-place operation to apply on mutable backends::
+
+                x[idx] = in_place_op(x[idx], y)
+
+            If None::
+
+                x[idx] = y
+
+        out_of_place_op : Callable[[Array, Array], Array] | None
+            Out-of-place operation to apply when idx is a boolean mask and the backend
+            doesn't support in-place updates::
+
+                x = xp.where(idx, out_of_place_op(x, y), x)
+
+            If None::
+
+                x = xp.where(idx, y, x)
+
+        y : array or complex
+            Right-hand side of the operation.
+        copy : bool or None
+            Whether to copy the input array. See the class docstring for details.
+        xp : array_namespace, optional
+            The array namespace for the input array. Default: infer.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Array
+            Updated `x`.
+        """
+        from ._funcs import apply_where  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+
+        x, idx = self._x, self._idx
+        xp = array_namespace(x, y) if xp is None else xp
+
+        if isinstance(idx, Undef):
+            msg = (
+                "Index has not been set.\n"
+                "Usage: either\n"
+                "    at(x, idx).set(value)\n"
+                "or\n"
+                "    at(x)[idx].set(value)\n"
+                "(same for all other methods)."
+            )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        if copy not in (True, False, None):
+            msg = f"copy must be True, False, or None; got {copy!r}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        writeable = None if copy else is_writeable_array(x)
+
+        # JAX inside jax.jit doesn't support in-place updates with boolean
+        # masks; Dask exclusively supports __setitem__ but not iops.
+        # We can handle the common special case of 0-dimensional y
+        # with where(idx, y, x) instead.
+        if (
+            (is_dask_array(idx) or is_jax_array(idx))
+            and idx.dtype == xp.bool
+            and idx.shape == x.shape
+        ):
+            y_xp = xp.asarray(y, dtype=x.dtype, device=_compat.device(x))
+            if y_xp.ndim == 0:
+                if out_of_place_op:  # add(), subtract(), ...
+                    # suppress inf warnings on Dask
+                    out = apply_where(
+                        idx, (x, y_xp), out_of_place_op, fill_value=x, xp=xp
+                    )
+                    # Undo int->float promotion on JAX after _AtOp.DIVIDE
+                    out = xp.astype(out, x.dtype, copy=False)
+                else:  # set()
+                    out = xp.where(idx, y_xp, x)
+
+                if copy is False:
+                    x[()] = out
+                    return x
+                return out
+
+            # else: this will work on eager JAX and crash on jax.jit and Dask
+
+        if copy or (copy is None and not writeable):
+            if is_jax_array(x):
+                # Use JAX's at[]
+                func = cast(
+                    Callable[[Array | complex], Array],
+                    getattr(x.at[idx], at_op.value),  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue,reportUnknownArgumentType]
+                )
+                out = func(y)
+                # Undo int->float promotion on JAX after _AtOp.DIVIDE
+                return xp.astype(out, x.dtype, copy=False)
+
+            # Emulate at[] behaviour for non-JAX arrays
+            # with a copy followed by an update
+
+            x = xp.asarray(x, copy=True)
+            # A copy of a read-only numpy array is writeable
+            # Note: this assumes that a copy of a writeable array is writeable
+            assert not writeable
+            writeable = None
+
+        if writeable is None:
+            writeable = is_writeable_array(x)
+        if not writeable:
+            # sparse crashes here
+            msg = f"Can't update read-only array {x}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        # Work around bug in PyTorch where __setitem__ doesn't
+        # always support mismatched dtypes
+        # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/150017
+        if is_torch_array(y):
+            y = xp.astype(y, x.dtype, copy=False)
+
+        # Backends without boolean indexing (other than JAX) crash here
+        if in_place_op:  # add(), subtract(), ...
+            x[idx] = in_place_op(x[idx], y)
+        else:  # set()
+            x[idx] = y
+        return x
+
+    def set(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] = y`` and return the update array."""
+        return self._op(_AtOp.SET, None, None, y, copy=copy, xp=xp)
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] += y`` and return the updated array."""
+
+        # Note for this and all other methods based on _iop:
+        # operator.iadd and operator.add subtly differ in behaviour, as
+        # only iadd will trigger exceptions when y has an incompatible dtype.
+        return self._op(_AtOp.ADD, operator.iadd, operator.add, y, copy=copy, xp=xp)
+
+    def subtract(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] -= y`` and return the updated array."""
+        return self._op(
+            _AtOp.SUBTRACT, operator.isub, operator.sub, y, copy=copy, xp=xp
+        )
+
+    def multiply(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] *= y`` and return the updated array."""
+        return self._op(
+            _AtOp.MULTIPLY, operator.imul, operator.mul, y, copy=copy, xp=xp
+        )
+
+    def divide(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] /= y`` and return the updated array."""
+        return self._op(
+            _AtOp.DIVIDE, operator.itruediv, operator.truediv, y, copy=copy, xp=xp
+        )
+
+    def power(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] **= y`` and return the updated array."""
+        return self._op(_AtOp.POWER, operator.ipow, operator.pow, y, copy=copy, xp=xp)
+
+    def min(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] = minimum(x[idx], y)`` and return the updated array."""
+        # On Dask, this function runs on the chunks, so we need to determine the
+        # namespace that Dask is wrapping.
+        # Note that da.minimum _incidentally_ works on NumPy, CuPy, and sparse
+        # thanks to all these meta-namespaces implementing the __array_ufunc__
+        # interface, but there's no guarantee that it will work for other
+        # wrapped libraries in the future.
+        xp = array_namespace(self._x) if xp is None else xp
+        mxp = meta_namespace(self._x, xp=xp)
+        y = xp.asarray(y)
+        return self._op(_AtOp.MIN, mxp.minimum, mxp.minimum, y, copy=copy, xp=xp)
+
+    def max(
+        self,
+        y: Array | complex,
+        /,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+        xp: ModuleType | None = None,
+    ) -> Array:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Apply ``x[idx] = maximum(x[idx], y)`` and return the updated array."""
+        # See note on min()
+        xp = array_namespace(self._x) if xp is None else xp
+        mxp = meta_namespace(self._x, xp=xp)
+        y = xp.asarray(y)
+        return self._op(_AtOp.MAX, mxp.maximum, mxp.maximum, y, copy=copy, xp=xp)

scipy/_lib/array_api_extra/_lib/_backends.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Backends against which array-api-extra runs its tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+
+__all__ = ["Backend"]
+
+
+class Backend(Enum):  # numpydoc ignore=PR02
+    """
+    All array library backends explicitly tested by array-api-extra.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : str
+        Tag of the backend's module, in the format ``<namespace>[:<extra tag>]``.
+    """
+
+    # Use :<tag> to prevent Enum from deduplicating items with the same value
+    ARRAY_API_STRICT = "array_api_strict"
+    ARRAY_API_STRICTEST = "array_api_strict:strictest"
+    NUMPY = "numpy"
+    NUMPY_READONLY = "numpy:readonly"
+    CUPY = "cupy"
+    TORCH = "torch"
+    TORCH_GPU = "torch:gpu"
+    DASK = "dask.array"
+    SPARSE = "sparse"
+    JAX = "jax.numpy"
+    JAX_GPU = "jax.numpy:gpu"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:  # type: ignore[explicit-override]  # pyright: ignore[reportImplicitOverride]  # numpydoc ignore=RT01
+        """Pretty-print parameterized test names."""
+        return (
+            self.name.lower().replace("_gpu", ":gpu").replace("_readonly", ":readonly")
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def modname(self) -> str:  # numpydoc ignore=RT01
+        """Module name to be imported."""
+        return self.value.split(":")[0]
+
+    def like(self, *others: Backend) -> bool:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
+        """Check if this backend uses the same module as others."""
+        return any(self.modname == other.modname for other in others)