relationalai 0.13.5__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0a2__py3-none-any.whl

relationalai/semantics/reasoners/optimization/solvers_pb.py

@@ -1,1407 +0,0 @@
-"""Solver model implementation supporting protobuf and CSV formats.
-
-This module provides the SolverModelPB class for defining optimization and
-constraint programming problems that are serialized and solved by external
-solver engines. Supports both protobuf (default) and CSV (future) exchange formats.
-
-Note: This protobuf-based implementation will be deprecated in favor of the
-      development version (solvers_dev.py) in future releases.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import textwrap
-import time
-import uuid
-from typing import Any, Optional
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-
-from relationalai.experimental.solvers import Solver
-from relationalai.semantics.internal import internal as b
-from relationalai.semantics import std
-from relationalai.semantics.rel.executor import RelExecutor
-from relationalai.tools.constants import DEFAULT_QUERY_TIMEOUT_MINS
-from relationalai.util.timeout import calc_remaining_timeout_minutes
-
-from .common import make_name
-
-# =============================================================================
-# Solver ProtoBuf Format Constants and Helpers
-# =============================================================================
-
-# Variable type codes for the solver protobuf format
-# cont: continuous (real-valued), int: integer, bin: binary (0/1)
-_VARIABLE_TYPE_CODES: dict[str, int] = {
-    "cont": 40,
-    "int": 41,
-    "bin": 42,
-}
-
-# First-order operators: arithmetic and mathematical functions
-_FIRST_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES: dict[str, int] = {
-    "+": 10,
-    "-": 11,
-    "*": 12,
-    "/": 13,
-    "^": 14,
-    "abs": 20,
-    "exp": 21,
-    "log": 22,
-    "range": 50,
-}
-
-# First-order comparison operators: relational constraints
-_FIRST_ORDER_COMPARISON_CODES: dict[str, int] = {
-    "=": 30,
-    "!=": 31,
-    "<=": 32,
-    ">=": 33,
-    "<": 34,
-    ">": 35,
-    "implies": 62,
-}
-
-# Higher-order operators: aggregation and global constraints
-_HIGHER_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES: dict[str, int] = {
-    "sum": 80,
-    "min": 82,
-    "max": 83,
-    "count": 84,
-    "all_different": 90,
-}
-
-# Mapping from bound type keywords to comparison operators
-_BOUND_TO_COMPARISON_OPERATOR: dict[str, str] = {
-    "lower": ">=",
-    "upper": "<=",
-    "fixed": "=",
-}
-
-
-def _make_first_order_application_with_result(
-    operator_code: int, *args: Any
-) -> b.Expression:
-    """Create a first-order application with a result variable."""
-    return _make_first_order_application(operator_code, *args, b.String.ref("res"))
-
-
-def _make_first_order_application(operator_code: int, *args: Any) -> b.Expression:
-    """Create a first-order application expression."""
-    if not (2 <= len(args) <= 4):
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"First-order application requires 2-4 arguments, but got {len(args)}."
-        )
-    result_ref = args[-1]
-    if not isinstance(result_ref, b.Ref):
-        raise TypeError(
-            f"Last argument must be a Ref, got {type(result_ref).__name__}."
-        )
-    if result_ref._thing != b.String:
-        result_ref = b.String.ref("res")
-    application_builtin = b.Relationship.builtins["rel_primitive_solverlib_fo_appl"]
-    # Wrap operands in TupleArg for the vararg solverlib_fo_appl primitive:
-    # fo_appl(op, (operands...), result)
-    return b.Expression(
-        application_builtin, operator_code, b.TupleArg(args[:-1]), result_ref
-    )
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# Main Solver Model Class
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-class SolverModelPB:
-    """Solver model interface using protobuf format for optimization problems."""
-
-    def __init__(self, model: b.Model, num_type: str) -> None:
-        """Initialize solver model.
-
-        Args:
-            model: The RelationalAI model.
-            num_type: Variable type - 'cont' or 'int'.
-        """
-        if num_type not in ["cont", "int"]:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Invalid numerical type '{num_type}'. Must be 'cont' or 'int'."
-            )
-        self._model = model
-        self._num_type = num_type
-        self._id = next(b._global_id)
-        self._model_id = str(uuid.uuid4()).upper().replace('-', '_')
-        self._load_point_counter = 0
-
-        # Maps relationships to their corresponding variable concepts
-        self._variable_relationships: dict[b.Relationship, b.Concept] = {}
-        prefix_uppercase = f"SolverModel_{self._id}_"
-        prefix_lowercase = prefix_uppercase.lower()
-
-        # Create core concepts for model components
-        self.Variable = Variable = model.Concept(prefix_uppercase + "Variable")
-        self.MinObjective = model.Concept(prefix_uppercase + "MinObjective")
-        self.MaxObjective = model.Concept(prefix_uppercase + "MaxObjective")
-        self.Constraint = model.Concept(prefix_uppercase + "Constraint")
-        self._model_info = {
-            "num_variables": Variable,
-            "num_min_objectives": self.MinObjective,
-            "num_max_objectives": self.MaxObjective,
-            "num_constraints": self.Constraint,
-        }
-        # Add printed_expr property to objectives and constraints for human-readable output
-        for concept in [self.MinObjective, self.MaxObjective, self.Constraint]:
-            concept.printed_expr = model.Property(
-                f"{{{concept._name}}} has {{printed_expr:str}}"
-            )
-
-        # Create relationships for result extraction
-        result_type = "int" if num_type == "int" else "float"
-        self.result_info = model.Relationship(
-            "{key:str} has {value:str}", short_name=(prefix_lowercase + "result_info")
-        )
-        # TODO(coey) PyRel is not able to handle "Variable._name" instead of "var" below due
-        # to some internal naming bug; this leads to a "Unresolved Type" warning that we
-        # will have to live with for now
-        self.point = model.Property(
-            f"{{var}} has {{value:{result_type}}}",
-            short_name=(prefix_lowercase + "point"),
-        )
-        # TODO (dba) Remove in favor of Loopy when possible.
-
-        # This is a helper relation that allows us to model
-        # `.load_point()` behavior. Results are loaded from SF views
-        # and we cannot swap which solution `.point` currently points
-        # to. So we keep a trace of updates. Each time a user calls
-        # `.load_point()` we derive a new tuple into this relation and
-        # use `max` to select the latest update.
-        self._point_updates = model.Property(
-            "at {update:int} we load {point:int}"
-        )
-        self.points = model.Property(
-            f"point {{i:int}} for {{var}} has {{value:{result_type}}}",
-            short_name=(prefix_lowercase + "points"),
-        )
-
-        # Install raw rel to work around lack of support for rel_primitive_solverlib_print_expr
-        install_rel = f"""
-        declare {self.MinObjective._name}
-        declare {self.MaxObjective._name}
-        declare {self.Constraint._name}
-
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}variable_name
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}minobjective_name
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_name
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}constraint_name
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}minobjective_serialized
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_serialized
-        declare {prefix_lowercase}constraint_serialized
-
-        def {prefix_lowercase}minobjective_printed_expr(h, s):
-            rel_primitive_solverlib_print_expr({prefix_lowercase}minobjective_serialized[h], {prefix_lowercase}variable_name, s)
-
-        def {prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_printed_expr(h, s):
-            rel_primitive_solverlib_print_expr({prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_serialized[h], {prefix_lowercase}variable_name, s)
-
-        def {prefix_lowercase}constraint_printed_expr(h, s):
-            rel_primitive_solverlib_print_expr({prefix_lowercase}constraint_serialized[h], {prefix_lowercase}variable_name, s)
-        """
-        b.define(b.RawSource("rel", textwrap.dedent(install_rel)))
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Variable Handling
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def solve_for(
-        self,
-        expr,
-        where: Optional[list[Any]] = None,
-        populate: bool = True,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> b.Concept:
-        """Define decision variables.
-
-        Args:
-            expr: Relationship or expression defining variables.
-            where: Optional grounding conditions.
-            populate: Whether to populate relationship with solver results.
-            **kwargs: Optional properties (name, type, lower, upper, fixed).
-
-        Returns:
-            Variable concept.
-        """
-        if where is None:
-            where = []
-        if isinstance(expr, b.Fragment):
-            # TODO(coey): Remove in future
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The select fragment argument to `solve_for` is deprecated. "
-                "Instead, use the `where = [conditions...]` kwarg to specify optional grounding conditions."
-            )
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Expression):
-            relationship = expr._op
-            if not isinstance(relationship, b.Relationship):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"Expression operator must be a Relationship, got {type(relationship).__name__}."
-                )
-            params = expr._params
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Relationship):
-            relationship = expr
-            params = [
-                b.field_to_type(self._model, field) for field in relationship._fields
-            ]
-        else:
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Invalid expression type for solve_for: {type(expr).__name__}. "
-                f"Expected Relationship or Expression."
-            )
-
-        if len(params) != len(relationship._fields):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Parameter count mismatch: Got {len(params)} params "
-                f"but relationship has {len(relationship._fields)} fields."
-            )
-        if relationship in self._variable_relationships:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Variables are already defined for relationship {relationship}."
-            )
-
-        # Create a specialized Variable concept for this relationship
-        # Each decision variable gets its own concept subtype
-        Var = self._model.Concept(
-            f"{self.Variable._name}_{str(relationship).replace('.', '_')}",
-            extends=[self.Variable],
-        )
-        self._variable_relationships[relationship] = Var
-
-        # Build field dict from relationship parameters (excluding the value field)
-        fields = {}
-        for i in range(len(params) - 1):
-            if i == 0 and relationship._parent is not None:
-                concept = relationship._parent
-                if not isinstance(concept, b.Concept):
-                    raise TypeError(
-                        f"Relationship parent must be a Concept, got {type(concept).__name__}."
-                    )
-            else:
-                concept = params[i]
-            field_name = relationship._field_names[i]
-            # Prevent "Implicit Subtype Relationship" warnings by explicitly registering
-            # the relationship on the parent Variable concept before using it on subtypes
-            self.Variable._relationships[field_name] = self.Variable._get_relationship(
-                field_name
-            )
-            fields[field_name] = concept
-        var = Var.new(**fields)
-        b.define(var).where(*where)
-
-        # Handle optional variable properties
-        for key, value in kwargs.items():
-            if key == "name":
-                definition = self.Variable.name(var, make_name(value))
-            elif key == "type":
-                if not isinstance(value, str):
-                    raise TypeError(
-                        f"Variable 'type' must be a string, but got {type(value).__name__}."
-                    )
-                if value not in _VARIABLE_TYPE_CODES:
-                    valid_types = ", ".join(_VARIABLE_TYPE_CODES.keys())
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f"Invalid variable type '{value}'. Valid types are: {valid_types}."
-                    )
-                serialized_expr = _make_first_order_application_with_result(
-                    _VARIABLE_TYPE_CODES[value], var
-                )
-                definition = self.Constraint.new(serialized=serialized_expr)
-            elif key in ("lower", "upper", "fixed"):
-                if not isinstance(value, (b.Producer, float, int)):
-                    raise TypeError(
-                        f"Variable '{key}' must be a number, but got {type(value).__name__}."
-                    )
-                # Map bound types to comparison operators
-                operator = _BOUND_TO_COMPARISON_OPERATOR[key]
-                serialized_expr = _make_first_order_application_with_result(
-                    _FIRST_ORDER_COMPARISON_CODES[operator], var, value
-                )
-                definition = self.Constraint.new(serialized=serialized_expr)
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(f"Invalid keyword argument '{key}' for solve_for.")
-            b.define(definition).where(*where)
-
-        if populate:
-            # Automatically populate the variable relationship with solver results
-            # This defines the original relationship to pull values from self.point after solving
-            value_ref = (b.Integer if self._num_type == "int" else b.Float).ref()
-            b.define(
-                relationship(
-                    *[getattr(Var, field_name) for field_name in fields], value_ref
-                )
-            ).where(self.point(Var, value_ref))
-
-        return Var
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Objective Functions
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def minimize(
-        self,
-        expr: b.Producer | float | int | b.Fragment,
-        name: Optional[str | list[str]] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Add minimization objective.
-
-        Args:
-            expr: Expression to minimize.
-            name: Optional objective name.
-        """
-        return self._add_objective(self.MinObjective, expr, name)
-
-    def maximize(
-        self,
-        expr: b.Producer | float | int | b.Fragment,
-        name: Optional[str | list[str]] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Add maximization objective.
-
-        Args:
-            expr: Expression to maximize.
-            name: Optional objective name.
-        """
-        return self._add_objective(self.MaxObjective, expr, name)
-
-    def _add_objective(
-        self,
-        objective_concept: b.Concept,
-        expr: b.Producer | float | int | b.Fragment,
-        name: Optional[str | list[str]],
-    ) -> None:
-        context = SymbolifyContext(self)
-        symbolic_expr = context.rewrite(expr)
-        if not isinstance(symbolic_expr, Symbolic):
-            # Expr is not symbolic (a constant) - wrap it as a trivial expression
-            symbolic_expr = _make_first_order_application_with_result(0, expr)
-        else:
-            # Unwrap the symbolic expression
-            unwrapped_expr = symbolic_expr.expr
-            # Check if it's a bare variable (needs wrapping for protobuf)
-            is_bare_variable = isinstance(unwrapped_expr, b.ConceptMember)
-            is_fragment_with_variable = (
-                isinstance(unwrapped_expr, b.Fragment)
-                and unwrapped_expr._select
-                and isinstance(unwrapped_expr._select[0], b.ConceptMember)
-            )
-            if is_bare_variable or is_fragment_with_variable:
-                # The protobuf format requires all objectives to be expressions, not bare variables
-                symbolic_expr = _make_first_order_application_with_result(
-                    0, unwrapped_expr
-                )
-            else:
-                symbolic_expr = unwrapped_expr
-
-        if isinstance(symbolic_expr, Symbolic):
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Internal error. Expression is still Symbolic after unwrapping."
-            )
-
-        objective = objective_concept.new(serialized=symbolic_expr)
-        definitions = [objective]
-        if name is not None:
-            definitions.append(objective.name(make_name(name)))
-        b.define(*definitions)
-
-    def satisfy(
-        self,
-        expr: b.Fragment,
-        check: bool = False,
-        name: Optional[str | list[str]] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Add constraints.
-
-        Args:
-            expr: Fragment with require clause.
-            check: Whether to keep require in model validation.
-            name: Optional constraint name.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(expr, b.Fragment):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"The satisfy method expects a Fragment, but got {type(expr).__name__}."
-            )
-        if not expr._require:
-            raise ValueError("Fragment for satisfy must have a require clause.")
-        if expr._select or expr._define:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Fragment for satisfy must not have select or define clauses."
-            )
-        if not check:
-            # Remove the `require` from the model roots so it is not checked as an integrity constraint
-            b._remove_roots([expr])
-        context = SymbolifyContext(self)
-
-        symbolic_where_clauses = context.rewrite_where(*expr._where)
-        definitions = []
-        for requirement in expr._require:
-            symbolic_requirement = context.rewrite(requirement)
-            if not isinstance(symbolic_requirement, Symbolic):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Cannot symbolify requirement {requirement} in satisfy. "
-                    f"The requirement must contain solver variables or expressions."
-                )
-            constraint = self.Constraint.new(serialized=symbolic_requirement.expr)
-            definitions.append(constraint)
-            if name is not None:
-                definitions.append(constraint.name(make_name(name)))
-        b.define(*definitions).where(*symbolic_where_clauses)
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Model Inspection and Display
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _print_dataframe(df: Any) -> None:
-        """Print dataframe with consistent formatting for long strings."""
-        for row in df.itertuples(index=False):
-            print("    ".join(str(val) for val in row))
-        print()
-
-    def summarize(self) -> None:
-        """Print counts of variables, objectives, and constraints in the model."""
-        counts_df = b.select(
-            *[(b.count(item) | 0) for (_, item) in self._model_info.items()]
-        ).to_df()
-        if counts_df.shape != (1, 4):
-            raise ValueError("Unexpected counts dataframe shape.")
-        num_vars, num_min_objs, num_max_objs, num_constraints = counts_df.iloc[0]
-        print(
-            f"Solver model has {num_vars} variables, {num_min_objs} minimization objectives, {num_max_objs} maximization objectives, and {num_constraints} constraints."
-        )
-
-    def print(self, with_names: bool = False) -> None:
-        """Print model components.
-
-        Args:
-            with_names: Whether to print expression string names (if available).
-        """
-        # Print variables
-        var_df = b.select(self.Variable.name | "_").where(self.Variable).to_df()
-        if var_df.empty:
-            print("No variables defined.")
-            return
-        print("Solver model:")
-        print()
-        print(f"Variables ({var_df.shape[0]}):")
-        self._print_dataframe(var_df)
-
-        # Print components
-        components = [
-            (self.MinObjective, "Min objectives"),
-            (self.MaxObjective, "Max objectives"),
-            (self.Constraint, "Constraints"),
-        ]
-        printed_expr_ref = b.String.ref()
-        for component_concept, component_label in components:
-            selection = (
-                [component_concept.name | "", printed_expr_ref]
-                if with_names
-                else [printed_expr_ref]
-            )
-            component_df = (
-                b.select(*selection)
-                .where(component_concept.printed_expr(printed_expr_ref))
-                .to_df()
-            )
-            if not component_df.empty:
-                print(f"{component_label} ({component_df.shape[0]}):")
-                self._print_dataframe(component_df)
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Solving and Result Handling
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def _export_model_to_csv(
-        self,
-        model_id: str,
-        executor: RelExecutor,
-        prefix_lowercase: str,
-        query_timeout_mins: Optional[int] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """Export model to CSV files in Snowflake stage.
-
-        Args:
-            model_id: Unique model identifier for stage paths.
-            executor: RelExecutor instance.
-            prefix_lowercase: Prefix for relation names.
-            query_timeout_mins: Query timeout in minutes.
-        """
-        stage_base_no_txn = f"snowflake://APP_STATE.RAI_INTERNAL_STAGE/SOLVERS/job_{model_id}"
-
-        # Export all model relations using Rel-native export_csv in a single transaction
-        # Transformations (uuid_string, encode_base64) are done inline in the export query
-        export_rel = textwrap.dedent(f"""
-        // Get transaction ID for folder naming - solver service validates ownership
-        // Use uuid_string to get proper UUID format, then replace hyphens with underscores
-        def txn_id_str {{string_replace[uuid_string[current_transaction_id], "-", "_"]}}
-
-        // Define base path with txn_id in folder name: model_{{txn_id}}/
-        def base_path {{"{stage_base_no_txn}/model"}}
-
-        // Export variable_hash.csv - single column: HASH (UUID string)
-        // Transformation: convert Variable UInt128 to UUID string inline
-        def variable_hash_data(:HASH, v, h):
-            {self.Variable._name}(v) and uuid_string(v, h)
-
-        def export[:variable_hash]: {{export_csv[{{
-            (:path, base_path ++ "/variable_hash_" ++ txn_id_str ++ ".csv");
-            (:data, variable_hash_data);
-            (:compression, "gzip")
-        }}]}}
-
-        // Export variable_name.csv - columns: HASH (UUID string), VALUE (name string)
-        // Transformation: convert Variable UInt128 to UUID string inline
-        def variable_name_data(:HASH, v, h):
-            {prefix_lowercase}variable_name(v, _) and uuid_string(v, h)
-        def variable_name_data(:VALUE, v, name):
-            {prefix_lowercase}variable_name(v, name)
-
-        def export[:variable_name]: {{export_csv[{{
-            (:path, base_path ++ "/variable_name_" ++ txn_id_str ++ ".csv");
-            (:data, variable_name_data);
-            (:compression, "gzip")
-        }}]}}
-
-        // Export constraint.csv - single column: VALUE (base64 encoded constraint)
-        // Transformation: encode_base64 done inline
-        def constraint_data(:VALUE, c, e):
-            exists((s) |
-                {self.Constraint._name}(c) and
-                {prefix_lowercase}constraint_serialized(c, s) and
-                encode_base64(s, e))
-
-        def export[:constraint]: {{export_csv[{{
-            (:path, base_path ++ "/constraint_" ++ txn_id_str ++ ".csv");
-            (:data, constraint_data);
-            (:compression, "gzip")
-        }}]}}
-
-        // Export min_objective.csv - columns: HASH (UUID string), VALUE (base64 encoded)
-        // Transformations: uuid_string and encode_base64 done inline
-        def min_objective_data(:HASH, obj, h):
-            {self.MinObjective._name}(obj) and uuid_string(obj, h)
-        def min_objective_data(:VALUE, obj, e):
-            exists((s) |
-                {self.MinObjective._name}(obj) and
-                {prefix_lowercase}minobjective_serialized(obj, s) and
-                encode_base64(s, e))
-
-        def export[:min_objective]: {{export_csv[{{
-            (:path, base_path ++ "/min_objective_" ++ txn_id_str ++ ".csv");
-            (:data, min_objective_data);
-            (:compression, "gzip")
-        }}]}}
-
-        // Export max_objective.csv - columns: HASH (UUID string), VALUE (base64 encoded)
-        // Transformations: uuid_string and encode_base64 done inline
-        def max_objective_data(:HASH, obj, h):
-            {self.MaxObjective._name}(obj) and uuid_string(obj, h)
-        def max_objective_data(:VALUE, obj, e):
-            exists((s) |
-                {self.MaxObjective._name}(obj) and
-                {prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_serialized(obj, s) and
-                encode_base64(s, e))
-
-        def export[:max_objective]: {{export_csv[{{
-            (:path, base_path ++ "/max_objective_" ++ txn_id_str ++ ".csv");
-            (:data, max_objective_data);
-            (:compression, "gzip")
-        }}]}}
-        """)
-
-        executor.execute_raw(export_rel, query_timeout_mins=query_timeout_mins)
-
-    def _import_solver_results_from_views(self) -> None:
-        from relationalai.semantics.internal.snowflake import Table
-
-        resources = self._model._to_executor().resources
-        app_name = resources.get_app_name()
-        logic_engine_name = resources.get_default_engine_name()
-        model_id = self._model_id
-
-        query = f"select {resources.get_app_name()}.api.get_index_db_name(?)"
-
-        # To prevent sql injection, pass the variable as a separate argument to the executor
-        index_db_name = resources._exec(query, [self._model.name])[0][0]
-
-        # Result tables.
-        ancillary_tbl = Table(f"{resources.get_app_name()}.RESULTS.SOLVERS_{model_id}_ANCILLARY")
-        obj_vals_tbl = Table(f"{resources.get_app_name()}.RESULTS.SOLVERS_{model_id}_OBJECTIVE_VALUES")
-        points_tbl = Table(f"{resources.get_app_name()}.RESULTS.SOLVERS_{model_id}_POINTS")
-
-        # Skip cdc as we already make sure the tables are loaded.
-        ancillary_tbl._skip_cdc = True
-        obj_vals_tbl._skip_cdc = True
-        points_tbl._skip_cdc = True
-
-        # Load all tables into the GI database in parallel.
-        load_statements = []
-        for tbl in [ancillary_tbl, obj_vals_tbl, points_tbl]:
-            rel_name = tbl._fqn.replace(".", "_").lower()
-            load_statements.append(f"call {app_name}.api.load_data('{index_db_name}', '{logic_engine_name}', '{rel_name}', '{tbl._fqn}', '')")
-
-        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
-            futures = [executor.submit(resources._exec, stmt) for stmt in load_statements]
-            for future in futures:
-                future.result()
-
-        NumericType = b.Integer if self._num_type == "int" else b.Float
-
-        # Metadata.
-        key, val = b.String.ref(), b.String.ref()
-        b.where(ancillary_tbl.name == key, ancillary_tbl.value == val).define(
-            self.result_info(key, val)
-               )
-
-        b.where(obj_vals_tbl.sol_index == 1, std.strings.string(obj_vals_tbl.value) == val).define(
-            self.result_info("objective_value", val)
-               )
-
-        # Points.
-        val_ref = NumericType.ref()
-        b.where(
-            points_tbl.sol_index == b.Integer,
-            points_tbl.var_hash == b.String,
-            points_tbl.value == val_ref,
-               ).define(self.points(b.Integer, std.parse_uuid(b.String), val_ref))
-
-        # Default to loading solution `1`.
-        b.define(self._point_updates(self._load_point_counter, 1))
-
-        # Derive into `point` the latest user selection from
-        # `_point_updates`.
-        point_index = b.Integer.ref()
-        b.where(self._point_updates(b.Integer, point_index), b.Integer == b.max(b.Integer),
-                self.points(point_index, b.Hash, val_ref))\
-         .define(self.point(b.Hash, val_ref))
-
-    def _export_model_to_protobuf(
-        self,
-        model_uri: str,
-        executor: RelExecutor,
-        prefix_lowercase: str,
-        query_timeout_mins: Optional[int] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """Export model to protobuf format in Snowflake stage.
-
-        Args:
-            model_uri: Snowflake URI for the protobuf file.
-            executor: RelExecutor instance.
-            prefix_lowercase: Prefix for relation names.
-            query_timeout_mins: Query timeout in minutes.
-        """
-        export_rel = f"""
-        // Collect all model components into a relation for serialization
-        def model_relation {{
-            (:variable, {self.Variable._name});
-            (:variable_name, {prefix_lowercase}variable_name);
-            (:min_objective, {prefix_lowercase}minobjective_serialized);
-            (:max_objective, {prefix_lowercase}maxobjective_serialized);
-            (:constraint, {prefix_lowercase}constraint_serialized);
-        }}
-
-        @no_diagnostics(:EXPERIMENTAL)
-        def model_string {{ rel_primitive_solverlib_model_string[model_relation] }}
-
-        ic model_not_empty("Solver model is empty.") requires not empty(model_string)
-
-        def config[:envelope, :content_type]: "application/octet-stream"
-        def config[:envelope, :payload, :data]: model_string
-        def config[:envelope, :payload, :path]: "{model_uri}"
-        def export {{ config }}
-        """
-        executor.execute_raw(
-            textwrap.dedent(export_rel),
-            query_timeout_mins=query_timeout_mins
-        )
-
-    def _import_solver_results_from_protobuf(
-        self,
-        job_id: str,
-        executor: RelExecutor,
-        query_timeout_mins: Optional[int] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """Import solver results from protobuf format.
-
-        Args:
-            job_id: Job identifier for result location.
-            executor: RelExecutor instance.
-            query_timeout_mins: Query timeout in minutes.
-        """
-        extract_rel = f"""
-        def raw_result {{
-            load_binary["snowflake://APP_STATE.RAI_INTERNAL_STAGE/job-results/{job_id}/result.binpb"]
-        }}
-
-        ic result_not_empty("Solver result is empty.") requires not empty(raw_result)
-
-        @no_diagnostics(:EXPERIMENTAL)
-        def extracted {{ rel_primitive_solverlib_extract[raw_result] }}
-
-        def delete[:{self.result_info._name}]: {self.result_info._name}
-        def delete[:{self.point._name}]: {self.point._name}
-        def delete[:{self.points._name}]: {self.points._name}
-
-        def insert(:{self.result_info._name}, key, value):
-            exists((original_key) | string(extracted[original_key], value) and ::std::mirror::lower(original_key, key))
-        """
-
-        if self._num_type == "int":
-            insert_points_relation = f"""
-            def insert(:{self.point._name}, variable, value):
-                exists((float_value) | extracted(:point, variable, float_value) and
-                    ::std::mirror::convert(std::mirror::typeof[Int128], float_value, value)
-                )
-            def insert(:{self.points._name}, point_index, variable, value):
-                exists((float_index, float_value) | extracted(:points, variable, float_index, float_value) and
-                    ::std::mirror::convert(std::mirror::typeof[Int128], float_index, point_index) and
-                    ::std::mirror::convert(std::mirror::typeof[Int128], float_value, value)
-                )
-            """
-        else:
-            insert_points_relation = f"""
-            def insert(:{self.point._name}, variable, value): extracted(:point, variable, value)
-            def insert(:{self.points._name}, point_index, variable, value):
-                exists((float_index) | extracted(:points, variable, float_index, value) and
-                    ::std::mirror::convert(std::mirror::typeof[Int128], float_index, point_index)
-                )
-            """
-
-        executor.execute_raw(
-            textwrap.dedent(extract_rel) + textwrap.dedent(insert_points_relation),
-            query_timeout_mins=query_timeout_mins
-        )
-
-    def solve(
-        self, solver: Solver, log_to_console: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> None:
-        """Solve the model.
-
-        Args:
-            solver: Solver instance.
-            log_to_console: Whether to show solver output.
-            **kwargs: Solver options and parameters.
-        """
-
-        self._solver = solver
-
-        use_csv_store = solver.engine_settings.get("store", {})\
-                                        .get("csv", {})\
-                                        .get("enabled", True)
-
-        print(f"Using {'csv' if use_csv_store else 'protobuf'} store...")
-
-        options = {**kwargs, "version": 1}
-
-        # Validate solver options
-        for option_key, option_value in options.items():
-            if not isinstance(option_key, str):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"Solver option keys must be strings, but got {type(option_key).__name__} for key {option_key!r}."
-                )
-            if not isinstance(option_value, (int, float, str, bool)):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"Solver option values must be int, float, str, or bool, "
-                    f"but got {type(option_value).__name__} for option {option_key!r}."
-                )
-
-        executor = self._model._to_executor()
-        if not isinstance(executor, RelExecutor):
-            raise ValueError(f"Expected RelExecutor, got {type(executor).__name__}.")
-        prefix_lowercase = f"solvermodel_{self._id}_"
-
-        # Initialize timeout from config
-        query_timeout_mins = kwargs.get("query_timeout_mins", None)
-        config = self._model._config
-        if (
-            query_timeout_mins is None
-            and (
-                timeout_value := config.get(
-                    "query_timeout_mins", DEFAULT_QUERY_TIMEOUT_MINS
-                )
-            )
-            is not None
-        ):
-            query_timeout_mins = int(timeout_value)
-        config_file_path = getattr(config, "file_path", None)
-        start_time = time.monotonic()
-
-        # Force evaluation of Variable concept before export
-        b.select(b.count(self.Variable)).to_df()
-
-        # Prepare payload for solver service
-        payload: dict[str, Any] = {"solver": solver.solver_name.lower(), "options": options}
-
-        if use_csv_store:
-            payload["model_uri"] = f"snowflake://SOLVERS/job_{self._model_id}/model"
-
-            print("Exporting model to CSV...")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            self._export_model_to_csv(self._model_id, executor, prefix_lowercase, remaining_timeout_minutes)
-            print("Model CSV export completed")
-
-            print("Execute solver job")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            solver._exec_job(payload, log_to_console=log_to_console, query_timeout_mins=remaining_timeout_minutes)
-
-            print("Loading and extracting solver results...")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            self._import_solver_results_from_views()
-
-        else:  # protobuf format
-            # Protobuf format: model and results are exchanged via binary protobuf
-            input_id = uuid.uuid4()
-            model_uri = f"snowflake://APP_STATE.RAI_INTERNAL_STAGE/job-inputs/solver/{input_id}/model.binpb"
-            sf_input_uri = f"snowflake://job-inputs/solver/{input_id}/model.binpb"
-            payload["model_uri"] = sf_input_uri
-
-            print("Export model...")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            self._export_model_to_protobuf(model_uri, executor, prefix_lowercase, remaining_timeout_minutes)
-
-            print("Execute solver job...")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            job_id = solver._exec_job(payload, log_to_console=log_to_console, query_timeout_mins=remaining_timeout_minutes)
-
-            print("Extract result...")
-            remaining_timeout_minutes = calc_remaining_timeout_minutes(
-                start_time, query_timeout_mins, config_file_path=config_file_path
-            )
-            self._import_solver_results_from_protobuf(job_id, executor, remaining_timeout_minutes)
-
-        print("Finished solve")
-        print()
-        return None
-
-    def load_point(self, point_index: int) -> None:
-        """Load a solution point.
-
-        Args:
-            point_index: Solution point index (0-based).
-        """
-        if not isinstance(point_index, int):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Point index must be an integer, but got {type(point_index).__name__}."
-            )
-        if point_index < 0:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Point index must be non-negative, but got {point_index}."
-            )
-        executor = self._model._to_executor()
-        if not isinstance(executor, RelExecutor):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Expected RelExecutor, but got {type(executor).__name__}."
-            )
-
-        use_csv_store = True
-        if self._solver is not None:
-            use_csv_store = self._solver.engine_settings.get("store", {})\
-                                                        .get("csv", {})\
-                                                        .get("enabled", True)
-
-        if use_csv_store:
-            self._load_point_counter += 1
-            b.define(self._point_updates(self._load_point_counter, point_index))
-        else:
-            load_point_relation = f"""
-            def delete[:{self.point._name}]: {self.point._name}
-            def insert(:{self.point._name}, variable, value): {self.points._name}(int128[{point_index}], variable, value)
-            """
-            executor.execute_raw(textwrap.dedent(load_point_relation))
-
-    def summarize_result(self) -> Any:
-        """Print solver result summary.
-
-        Returns:
-            DataFrame with result information.
-        """
-        info_keys_to_retrieve = [
-            "error",
-            "termination_status",
-            "solve_time_sec",
-            "objective_value",
-            "solver_version",
-            "result_count",
-        ]
-        key, value_ref = b.String.ref(), b.String.ref()
-        result_df = (
-            b.select(key, value_ref)
-            .where(self.result_info(key, value_ref), key.in_(info_keys_to_retrieve))
-            .to_df()
-        )
-        if result_df.empty:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "No result information is available. Has the model been solved?"
-            )
-        print("Solver result:")
-        print(result_df.to_string(index=False, header=False))
-        print()
-        return result_df
-
-    def variable_values(self, multiple: bool = False) -> b.Fragment:
-        """Retrieve variable values.
-
-        Args:
-            multiple: Whether to return all solution points.
-
-        Returns:
-            Fragment for selecting values.
-        """
-        variable_ref = self.Variable.ref()
-        value_ref = (b.Integer if self._num_type == "int" else b.Float).ref()
-        if multiple:
-            point_index = b.Integer.ref()
-            return b.select(point_index, variable_ref.name, value_ref).where(
-                self.points(point_index, variable_ref, value_ref)
-            )
-        return b.select(variable_ref.name, value_ref).where(
-            self.point(variable_ref, value_ref)
-        )
-
-    # Valid result info keys that can be accessed as attributes
-    _RESULT_INFO_KEYS = frozenset(
-        [
-            "error",
-            "termination_status",
-            "solver_version",
-            "printed_model",
-            "solve_time_sec",
-            "objective_value",
-            "result_count",
-        ]
-    )
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-        """Get result attribute (e.g., num_variables, termination_status, objective_value).
-
-        Args:
-            name: Attribute name.
-
-        Returns:
-            Attribute value or None.
-        """
-        # Try to get dataframe from model info or result info
-        if name in self._model_info:
-            result_df = b.select(b.count(self._model_info[name]) | 0).to_df()
-        elif name in self._RESULT_INFO_KEYS:
-            value_ref = b.String.ref()
-            result_df = (
-                b.select(value_ref).where(self.result_info(name, value_ref)).to_df()
-            )
-        else:
-            return None
-
-        # Extract and convert scalar value
-        if result_df.shape != (1, 1):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Expected exactly one value for attribute '{name}', "
-                f"but got dataframe with shape {result_df.shape}."
-            )
-
-        result_value = result_df.iloc[0, 0]
-        if not isinstance(result_value, str):
-            return result_value
-
-        # Convert string results to appropriate types
-        if name == "solve_time_sec":
-            return float(result_value)
-        if name == "objective_value":
-            return int(result_value) if self._num_type == "int" else float(result_value)
-        if name == "result_count":
-            return int(result_value)
-        return result_value
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# Symbolic Expression Classes
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-class Symbolic:
-    """Wrapper for symbolified solver expressions."""
-
-    def __init__(self, expr: Any) -> None:
-        if isinstance(expr, Symbolic):
-            raise TypeError("Cannot wrap a Symbolic expression in another Symbolic.")
-        self.expr = expr
-
-
-class SymbolifyContext:
-    """Context for rewriting expressions into solver-compatible symbolic form."""
-
-    def __init__(self, solver_model: SolverModelPB) -> None:
-        self.model = solver_model._model
-        self.solver_model = solver_model
-        # Maps original variables (or refs) to symbolic variables bound in where clauses
-        self.variable_map: dict[Any, Any] = {}
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Public Rewriting Methods
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def rewrite_where(self, *exprs: Any) -> list[Any]:
-        """Rewrite where clause expressions.
-
-        Args:
-            *exprs: Where clause expressions.
-
-        Returns:
-            Rewritten expressions.
-        """
-        rewritten_expressions: list[Any] = []
-        # Two-pass strategy: first handle variable relationships to populate variable_map,
-        # then rewrite other expressions that may reference those variables
-        # First pass: identify and handle variable relationship expressions
-        for expression in exprs:
-            if (
-                isinstance(expression, b.Expression)
-                and isinstance(expression._op, b.Relationship)
-                and expression._op in self.solver_model._variable_relationships
-            ):
-                rewritten_expressions.append(
-                    self._handle_variable_relationship(expression)
-                )
-            else:
-                rewritten_expressions.append(None)
-        # Second pass: rewrite remaining non-variable expressions
-        for i, expr in enumerate(exprs):
-            if rewritten_expressions[i] is None:
-                rewritten_expressions[i] = (
-                    expr
-                    if expr in self.variable_map
-                    else self._rewrite_nonsymbolic(expr)
-                )
-        return rewritten_expressions
-
-    def rewrite(self, expr: Any) -> Optional[Symbolic | Any]:
-        """Rewrite expressions to symbolify solver variables."""
-        if expr is None:
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, (int, float, str)):
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.ConceptFilter):
-            concept = expr._op
-            assert isinstance(concept, b.Concept)
-            (ident, kwargs) = expr._params
-            assert ident is None
-            assert isinstance(kwargs, dict)
-            new_kwargs = {}
-            values_were_rewritten = False
-            for key, value in kwargs.items():
-                rewritten_value = self.rewrite(value)
-                if isinstance(rewritten_value, Symbolic):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f"Cannot symbolify ConceptFilter argument {key} with symbolic value."
-                    )
-                if rewritten_value is not None:
-                    values_were_rewritten = True
-                    new_kwargs[key] = rewritten_value
-                else:
-                    new_kwargs[key] = value
-            if values_were_rewritten:
-                return b.ConceptFilter(concept, ident, new_kwargs)
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, (b.DataColumn, b.TypeRef, b.Concept)):
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Alias):
-            return self.rewrite(expr._thing)
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Ref):
-            if expr in self.variable_map:
-                return Symbolic(self.variable_map[expr])
-            thing = self.rewrite(expr._thing)
-            if thing is not None:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Internal error. Ref._thing rewrite unexpectedly returned {thing}."
-                )
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Relationship):
-            if expr in self.variable_map:
-                return Symbolic(self.variable_map[expr])
-            variable_result = self._get_variable_ref(expr, expr._parent)
-            if variable_result is not None:
-                self.variable_map[expr] = variable_result
-                return Symbolic(variable_result)
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.RelationshipRef):
-            if expr in self.variable_map:
-                return Symbolic(self.variable_map[expr])
-            relationship = expr._relationship
-            if isinstance(relationship, b.Relationship):
-                variable_result = self._get_variable_ref(relationship, expr._parent)
-                if variable_result is not None:
-                    self.variable_map[expr] = variable_result
-                    return Symbolic(variable_result)
-            rewritten_parent = self.rewrite(expr._parent)
-            if isinstance(rewritten_parent, Symbolic):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Internal error. RelationshipRef parent rewrite returned Symbolic."
-                )
-            if rewritten_parent is not None:
-                return b.RelationshipRef(rewritten_parent, relationship)
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.RelationshipFieldRef):
-            relationship = expr._relationship
-            if not isinstance(relationship, b.Relationship):
-                # TODO(coey): Handle relationship:RelationshipReading
-                return None
-
-            # Rewrite the relationship reference
-            relationship_expression = (
-                relationship
-                if expr._parent is None
-                else b.RelationshipRef(expr._parent, relationship)
-            )
-            variable_result = self.rewrite(relationship_expression)
-            if variable_result is None:
-                return None
-
-            # Handle symbolic result - return as-is if it's the last field
-            if isinstance(variable_result, Symbolic):
-                if expr._field_ix == len(relationship._fields) - 1:
-                    return variable_result
-                variable_result = variable_result.expr
-
-            return getattr(variable_result, relationship._field_names[expr._field_ix])
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Expression):
-            operator = self.rewrite(expr._op)
-            if isinstance(operator, Symbolic):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Internal error: Expression operator rewrite returned Symbolic."
-                )
-            params_were_rewritten = False
-            has_symbolic_params = False
-            params = []
-            for param in expr._params:
-                rewritten_param = self.rewrite(param)
-                if isinstance(rewritten_param, Symbolic):
-                    has_symbolic_params = True
-                    params_were_rewritten = True
-                    params.append(rewritten_param.expr)
-                elif rewritten_param is not None:
-                    params_were_rewritten = True
-                    params.append(rewritten_param)
-                else:
-                    params.append(param)
-            if operator is not None:
-                if has_symbolic_params:
-                    raise NotImplementedError(
-                        f"Solver rewrites cannot handle expression {expr} "
-                        f"with both a symbolic operator and symbolic parameters."
-                    )
-                return b.Expression(operator, *params)
-            if not has_symbolic_params:
-                return b.Expression(expr._op, *params)
-            if not params_were_rewritten:
-                return None
-
-            # Some arguments involve solver variables, so rewrite into solver protobuf format
-            # This converts operations like x + y into fo_appl(ADD_OP, (x, y), res)
-            if not has_symbolic_params:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Internal error. Expected symbolic parameters but none were found."
-                )
-            if not isinstance(expr._op, b.Relationship):
-                raise NotImplementedError(
-                    f"Solver rewrites cannot handle expression {expr} "
-                    f"with operator type {type(expr._op).__name__}."
-                )
-            operator_name = expr._op._name
-            if not isinstance(operator_name, str):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Internal error. Operator name is {type(operator_name).__name__}, expected str."
-                )
-            if operator_name in _FIRST_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES:
-                return Symbolic(
-                    _make_first_order_application(
-                        _FIRST_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES[operator_name], *params
-                    )
-                )
-            elif operator_name in _FIRST_ORDER_COMPARISON_CODES:
-                return Symbolic(
-                    _make_first_order_application_with_result(
-                        _FIRST_ORDER_COMPARISON_CODES[operator_name], *params
-                    )
-                )
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError(
-                    f"Solver rewrites cannot handle operator '{operator_name}'."
-                )
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Aggregate):
-            # Only the last argument can be symbolic
-            preceding_args = [self._rewrite_nonsymbolic(arg) for arg in expr._args[:-1]]
-            group = [self._rewrite_nonsymbolic(arg) for arg in expr._group]
-            # TODO(coey): Should this be done with a subcontext (for variable_map)?
-            where = self.rewrite_where(*expr._where._where)
-            rewritten = (
-                preceding_args != expr._args[:-1]
-                or group != expr._group
-                or where != expr._where
-            )
-            symbolic_arg = self.rewrite(expr._args[-1])
-            if symbolic_arg is None and not rewritten:
-                return None
-            if not isinstance(symbolic_arg, Symbolic):
-                if symbolic_arg is None:
-                    symbolic_arg = expr._args[-1]
-                aggregate_expr = b.Aggregate(expr._op, *preceding_args, symbolic_arg)
-                return aggregate_expr.per(*group).where(*where)
-
-            # The last argument is symbolic - convert to higher-order application
-            # Example: sum(x for x in variables) becomes ho_appl(..., x, SUM_OP)
-            operator_name = expr._op._name
-            if not isinstance(operator_name, str):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Internal error. Aggregate operator name is {type(operator_name).__name__}, expected str."
-                )
-            if operator_name not in _HIGHER_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES:
-                raise NotImplementedError(
-                    f"Solver rewrites cannot handle aggregate operator '{operator_name}'. "
-                    f"Supported operators: {', '.join(_HIGHER_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES.keys())}"
-                )
-            higher_order_application_builtin = b.Relationship.builtins[
-                "rel_primitive_solverlib_ho_appl"
-            ]
-            aggregate_expr = b.Aggregate(
-                higher_order_application_builtin,
-                *preceding_args,
-                symbolic_arg.expr,
-                _HIGHER_ORDER_OPERATOR_CODES[operator_name],
-            )
-            return Symbolic(aggregate_expr.per(*group).where(*where))
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Union):
-            # Return union of the symbolified expressions, if any are symbolic
-            args_were_rewritten = False
-            has_symbolic_args = False
-            args = []
-            for union_arg in expr._args:
-                rewritten_arg = self.rewrite(union_arg)
-                if isinstance(rewritten_arg, Symbolic):
-                    has_symbolic_args = True
-                    args.append(rewritten_arg.expr)
-                elif rewritten_arg is not None:
-                    args_were_rewritten = True
-                    args.append(rewritten_arg)
-                else:
-                    args.append(union_arg)
-            if has_symbolic_args:
-                return Symbolic(b.union(*args))
-            elif args_were_rewritten:
-                return b.union(*args)
-            return None
-
-        elif isinstance(expr, b.Fragment):
-            # Only support selects with one item
-            if expr._define or expr._require:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Solver rewrites do not support fragments with define or require clauses."
-                )
-            if len(expr._select) != 1:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Solver rewrites require fragments with exactly one select item, "
-                    f"but got {len(expr._select)}."
-                )
-            # TODO(coey): Should this be done with a subcontext (for variable_map)?
-            where = self.rewrite_where(*expr._where)
-            symbolic_select = self.rewrite(expr._select[0])
-            if isinstance(symbolic_select, Symbolic):
-                return Symbolic(b.select(symbolic_select.expr).where(*where))
-            elif symbolic_select is not None:
-                return b.select(symbolic_select).where(*where)
-            return None
-
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            f"Solver rewrites cannot handle {expr} of type {type(expr).__name__}."
-        )
-
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Private Helper Methods
-    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    def _handle_variable_relationship(self, expr: b.Expression) -> Any:
-        """Create symbolic reference for variable relationship expression."""
-        relationship = expr._op
-        if not isinstance(relationship, b.Relationship):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Expected Relationship in variable expression, but got {type(relationship).__name__}."
-            )
-        params = expr._params
-        if len(params) != len(relationship._fields):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Parameter count mismatch: Got {len(params)} params "
-                f"but relationship has {len(relationship._fields)} fields."
-            )
-        last_param = params[-1]
-        if isinstance(last_param, b.Alias):
-            last_param = last_param._thing
-        if not isinstance(last_param, (b.Concept, b.Ref)):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Last parameter must be a Concept or Ref, but got {type(last_param).__name__}."
-            )
-        # Extract and rewrite field parameters to build the symbolic variable reference
-        # This maps the relationship fields to their grounding values
-        fields = {}
-        for i in range(len(params) - 1):
-            rewritten_param = self.rewrite(params[i])
-            assert not isinstance(rewritten_param, Symbolic)
-            fields[relationship._field_names[i]] = (
-                rewritten_param if rewritten_param is not None else params[i]
-            )
-        # Create new ref corresponding to the decision variable
-        variable_ref = self.solver_model._variable_relationships[relationship].ref()
-        self.variable_map[last_param] = variable_ref
-        # Return new condition to ground the variable
-        return b.where(
-            *[
-                getattr(variable_ref, field_name) == field_value
-                for field_name, field_value in fields.items()
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def _rewrite_nonsymbolic(self, expr: Any) -> Any:
-        """Rewrite expression ensuring non-symbolic result."""
-        new_expr = self.rewrite(expr)
-        if isinstance(new_expr, Symbolic):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Internal error. Non-symbolic rewrite unexpectedly returned Symbolic for {expr}."
-            )
-        return expr if new_expr is None else new_expr
-
-    def _get_variable_ref(
-        self, relationship: b.Relationship, parent_producer: b.Producer | None
-    ) -> Optional[Any]:
-        """Get variable reference for relationship, or None if not a solver variable."""
-        # Check if this relationship corresponds to a decision variable
-        VariableConcept = self.solver_model._variable_relationships.get(relationship)
-        if VariableConcept is None:
-            return None
-
-        properties = {}
-        if parent_producer is not None:
-            properties[relationship._field_names[0]] = parent_producer
-        return VariableConcept(VariableConcept.ref(), **properties)