relationalai 0.13.5__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0a2__py3-none-any.whl

relationalai/semantics/metamodel/typer/typer.py

@@ -1,1396 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-from collections import defaultdict
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import dataclasses
-import datetime
-from decimal import Decimal as PyDecimal
-from typing import Optional, Union, Tuple
-from relationalai import debugging
-from relationalai.semantics.metamodel import builtins, helpers, ir, types, visitor, compiler, factory as f, executor
-from relationalai.semantics.metamodel.util import OrderedSet, ordered_set
-import rich
-import sys
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Helpers
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-def to_relation(node:ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate) -> ir.Relation:
-    """ Get the relation being referred to by this node. """
-    if isinstance(node, ir.Aggregate):
-        return node.aggregation
-    return node.relation
-
-def to_name(type:ir.Type) -> str:
-    """ Get a human-readable name representing a type. """
-    if isinstance(type, ir.DecimalType):
-        return f"Decimal({type.precision},{type.scale})"
-    elif isinstance(type, ir.ScalarType):
-        return type.name
-    elif isinstance(type, ir.UnionType):
-        return '|'.join([to_name(t) for t in type.types])
-    elif isinstance(type, ir.ListType):
-        return f"[{to_name(type.element_type)}]"
-    else:
-        raise TypeError(f"Unknown type: {type}")
-
-def check_int64(value: int):
-    INT64_MIN = -(2 ** 63)
-    INT64_MAX = 2 ** 63 - 1
-
-    if not (INT64_MIN <= value <= INT64_MAX):
-        raise OverflowError(f"Value '{value}' does not fit in Int64.")
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Constants
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-# map potential type conversions to their cost
-# The differences in the costs of converting from one type to another should be
-# smaller than the cost of a literal conversion.
-# Otherwise, we'll introduce spurious conversions of say Int->Decimal64 plus a cheap literal conversion
-# Float->Decimal64, rather than a single literal conversion Int->Float.
-# Use a large enough number here so that if all arguments are literals, it's cheaper to convert
-# the literals (cost 10) rather than not convert some literals and convert a non-literal instead.
-# For instance, for `y=1+x` is should be cheaper to convert 1 to float and not convert x and y, than it would be
-# convert both x and y to integer.
-# We do however, want to prefer converting to number types lower in the lattice.
-# So we make the cost depend only on the result type.
-# Making all the costs the same would introduce spurious unions of conversions.
-
-CONVERSION_LATTICE:dict[tuple[ir.Type, ir.Type], int] = {
-    # Make the cost depend only on the result type.
-    (types.Int64, types.Int128): 1000,
-    (types.Int64, types.GenericDecimal): 1002,
-    (types.Int64, types.Float): 1004,
-    (types.Int128, types.GenericDecimal): 1002,
-    (types.GenericDecimal, types.Float): 1003,
-    (types.Int128, types.Float): 1004,
-    # Int -> Hash (UInt128)
-    (types.Int64, types.Hash): 1001,
-    (types.Int128, types.Hash): 1001,
-    (types.Int128, types.UInt128): 1001,
-}
-
-def conversion_lattice_cost(from_type, to_type):
-    """
-    Lookup the conversion cost in the conversion lattice to convert from_type to to_type.
-    Return inf is the conversion is not allowed.
-    """
-     # the conversion lattice only has generic decimals as placeholders
-    if isinstance(from_type, ir.DecimalType):
-        from_type = types.GenericDecimal
-    if isinstance(to_type, ir.DecimalType):
-        to_type = types.GenericDecimal
-
-    if (from_type, to_type) in CONVERSION_LATTICE:
-        return CONVERSION_LATTICE[(from_type, to_type)]
-    return float("inf")
-
-# list of non-parametric types that are primitives. Avoid using this constant, use
-# is_base_primitive instead because it accounts for parametric types like decimals.
-_NON_PARAMETRIC_PRIMITIVES = [
-    types.Int64,
-    types.Int128,
-    types.UInt128,
-    types.Float,
-    types.GenericDecimal,
-    types.Bool,
-    types.String,
-    types.Date,
-    types.DateTime,
-    types.Hash
-]
-
-ENTITY_LIKES = [types.RowId]
-
-# these are relations that try to preserve their input types
-# e.g. if you add a USD and a Decimal, the result is still a USD
-TYPE_PRESERVERS = [
-    *builtins.plus.overloads,
-    *builtins.minus.overloads,
-    *builtins.mul.overloads,
-    *builtins.mod.overloads,
-    builtins.trunc_div,
-    builtins.concat,
-    *builtins.abs.overloads,
-    *builtins.sum.overloads,
-    *builtins.max.overloads,
-    *builtins.min.overloads,
-    # Exclude div overloads (like Int/Int -> Float) where the result type is different from the input types
-    *(filter(lambda x: x.fields[0].type == x.fields[1].type == x.fields[2].type, builtins.div.overloads)),
-    # Exclude avg overloads (avg Int -> Float) where the result type is different from the input types
-    *(filter(lambda x: x.fields[0].type == x.fields[1].type, builtins.avg.overloads)),
-]
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Type helpers
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-def is_abstract(type:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    return types.is_abstract_type(type)
-
-def to_type(value: ir.Value|ir.Field) -> ir.Type:
-    if isinstance(value, (ir.Var, ir.Field, ir.Literal)):
-        return value.type
-
-    if isinstance(value, tuple):
-        return types.AnyList
-
-    if isinstance(value, ir.Relation):
-        return types.AnyList
-
-    raise TypeError(f"Cannot determine IR type for value: {value} of type {type(value).__name__}")
-
-def type_matches(actual:ir.Type, expected:ir.Type, allow_expected_parents=False) -> bool:
-    """
-    True iff we can use a value of the actual type when expecting the expected type.
-
-    TODO: document allow_expected_parents (useful for checking that a Person is an Adult)
-    """
-    # exact match
-    if actual == expected:
-        return True
-
-    # any matches anything
-    if actual == types.Any or expected == types.Any:
-        return True
-
-    # any entity matches any entity (surprise surprise!)
-    if extends_any_entity(expected) and not is_primitive(actual):
-        return True
-
-    # all decimals match across each other
-    if types.is_decimal(actual) and types.is_decimal(expected):
-        return True
-
-    # scalar matches with super-type handling
-    is_scalar = isinstance(actual, ir.ScalarType)
-    exp_is_scalar = isinstance(expected, ir.ScalarType)
-    if is_scalar and any([type_matches(parent, expected) for parent in actual.super_types]):
-        return True
-    if allow_expected_parents and exp_is_scalar and any([type_matches(actual, parent, allow_expected_parents) for parent in expected.super_types]):
-        return True
-    if not is_primitive(expected) and exp_is_scalar and actual in ENTITY_LIKES:
-        return True
-
-    # a union type matches if any of its types match the expected type
-    if isinstance(actual, ir.UnionType):
-        for t in actual.types:
-            if type_matches(t, expected):
-                return True
-
-    # types that match Number
-    if actual == types.Number and types.is_number(expected):
-        return True
-    if expected == types.Number and types.is_number(actual):
-        return True
-    return False
-
-
-def conversion_allowed(arg:ir.Value, actual:ir.Type, expected:ir.Type, arg_types:set[ir.Type]=set()) -> bool:
-    return conversion_cost(arg, actual, expected, arg_types) < float("inf")
-
-def literal_conversion_allowed(actual:ir.Type, expected:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    if actual in (types.Int64, types.Int128) and (expected == types.Hash or types.is_number(expected)):
-        return True
-    elif types.is_decimal(actual) and expected == types.Float:
-        return True
-    elif types.is_decimal(actual) and types.is_decimal(expected):
-        return True
-    return False
-
-def conversion_cost(arg: ir.Value, actual:ir.Type, expected:ir.Type, arg_types:set[ir.Type]) -> float:
-    if type_matches(actual, expected):
-        return 0
-
-    # if we have a type variable and all the types in the expression
-    # match, then there's no promotion needed and this is a valid overload
-    if expected is types.EntityTypeVar and not is_primitive(actual) and len(arg_types) == 1:
-        return 0
-
-    # Literal numbers can be converted to other number types (but not to value types).
-    if isinstance(arg, ir.Literal):
-        if literal_conversion_allowed(actual, expected):
-            return 50
-
-    # Value types that don't match
-    if is_value_type(actual) and is_value_type(expected):
-        return float("inf")
-
-    base_actual = to_base_primitive(actual)
-    base_expected = to_base_primitive(expected)
-
-    if not base_actual or not base_expected:
-        return float("inf")
-
-    if type_matches(base_actual, base_expected):
-        return 0
-
-    return conversion_lattice_cost(base_actual, base_expected)
-
-
-def merge_types(type1: ir.Type, type2: ir.Type, is_literal1:bool, is_literal2:bool) -> ir.Type:
-    if type1 == type2:
-        return type1
-
-    # give precedence to nominal types (e.g. merging USD(decimal) with decimal gives USD(decimal))
-    base_primitive_type1 = to_base_primitive(type1)
-    base_primitive_type2 = to_base_primitive(type2)
-    if base_primitive_type1 == base_primitive_type2:
-        if is_base_primitive(type1):
-            return type2
-        elif is_base_primitive(type2):
-            return type1
-
-    combined = ordered_set()
-    types_to_process = [type1, type2]
-
-    # Iterative flattening of union types
-    while types_to_process:
-        t = types_to_process.pop()
-        if isinstance(t, ir.UnionType):
-            types_to_process.extend(t.types)
-        else:
-            combined.add(t)
-
-    # If we have multiple types and Any is one of them, remove Any
-    if len(combined) > 1 and types.Any in combined:
-        combined.remove(types.Any)
-
-    # If we have multiple types and one is a literal and the other is not,
-    # we can try to convert the literal to the other type.
-    if len(combined) > 1:
-        if is_literal1 and not is_literal2 and literal_conversion_allowed(type1, type2):
-            return type2
-        if is_literal2 and not is_literal1 and literal_conversion_allowed(type2, type1):
-            return type1
-
-    # Return single type or create a union
-    return next(iter(combined)) if len(combined) == 1 else f.union_type(list(combined))
-
-def to_base_primitive(type:ir.Type) -> Optional[ir.Type]:
-    if isinstance(type, ir.ScalarType):
-        if is_base_primitive(type):
-            return type
-        # walk the hierarchy to find a base primitive
-        for parent in type.super_types:
-            if found := to_base_primitive(parent):
-                return found
-    if isinstance(type, ir.UnionType):
-        for t in type.types:
-            if found := to_base_primitive(t):
-                return found
-    return None
-
-def is_value_type(type:ir.Type):
-    return isinstance(type, ir.ScalarType) and is_primitive(type) and not is_base_primitive(type)
-
-def is_base_primitive(type:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    return type in _NON_PARAMETRIC_PRIMITIVES or types.is_decimal(type)
-
-def is_primitive(type:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    return to_base_primitive(type) is not None
-
-def extends_any_entity(type:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    if type == types.AnyEntity:
-        return True
-    if isinstance(type, ir.ScalarType):
-        for parent in type.super_types:
-            if extends_any_entity(parent):
-                return True
-    return False
-
-def invalid_type(type:ir.Type) -> bool:
-    if isinstance(type, ir.UnionType):
-        # if there are multiple primitives, or a primtive and a non-primitive
-        # then we have an invalid type
-        if len(type.types) > 1:
-            return any([is_primitive(t) for t in type.types])
-    return False
-
-def try_preserve_type(types:set[ir.Type]) -> Optional[ir.Type]:
-    # we keep the input type as the output type if either all inputs
-    # are the exact same type or there's one nominal and its base primitive
-    # type, e.g. USD + Decimal
-    if len(types) == 1:
-        return next(iter(types))
-    if len(types) == 2:
-        t1, t2 = types
-        # type preservation is not applicable to decimal types
-        if isinstance(t1, ir.DecimalType) and isinstance(t2, ir.DecimalType):
-            return None
-        base_equivalent = type_matches(t1, t2, allow_expected_parents=True)
-        if base_equivalent:
-            # as long as one of the types is a base primitive, we can use the
-            # other type as final preserved type
-            if is_base_primitive(t1):
-                return t2
-            elif is_base_primitive(t2):
-                return t1
-    return None
-
-# Was this variable created for a shared literal?
-def var_is_from_literal(var: ir.Var) -> bool:
-    return var.name.startswith("__literal__")
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Type Errors
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-@dataclass
-class TyperError():
-    node: ir.Node
-
-@dataclass
-class TypeMismatch(TyperError):
-    expected: ir.Type
-    actual: ir.Type
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f"[red bold][Type Mismatch][/red bold] expected [yellow]{to_name(self.expected)}[/yellow], got [red]{to_name(self.actual)}[/red]: [white]{str(self.node).strip()}[/white]"
-
-@dataclass
-class InvalidType(TyperError):
-    type: ir.Type
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f"[red bold][Invalid Type][/red bold] incompatible types [red]{to_name(self.type)}[/red]: [white]{str(self.node).strip()}[/white]"
-
-@dataclass
-class UnresolvedOverload(TyperError):
-    arg_types: list[ir.Type]
-    def __str__(self):
-        assert isinstance(self.node, (ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate))
-        rel = to_relation(self.node)
-        types = ', '.join([to_name(t) for t in self.arg_types])
-        return f"[red bold][Unresolved Overload][/red bold] [yellow]{rel.name}({types})[/yellow]: [white]{str(self.node).strip()}[/white]"
-
-@dataclass
-class UnresolvedType(TyperError):
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f"[red bold][Unresolved Type][/red bold] [white]{str(self.node).strip()}[/white]"
-    pass
-
-class TyperContextEnricher(visitor.Visitor):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        # store mapping from the concept population relation var id to a concept population type
-        self.concept_population_types:dict[int, ir.Type] = {}
-
-    def visit_lookup(self, node: ir.Lookup, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        rel = to_relation(node)
-        if helpers.is_concept_lookup(rel):
-            for arg, field in zip(node.args, rel.fields):
-                if isinstance(arg, ir.Var):
-                    arg_type = arg.type
-                    field_type = field.type
-                    # When the rule declares something like `Adult(v::Person)`, we must record that `v` is actually of type
-                    #   `Adult` so this refined type is remembered for later checks.
-                    if field_type != arg_type and type_matches(arg_type, field_type, True):
-                        self.concept_population_types[arg.id] = field_type
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Propagation Network
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-# The core idea of the typer is to build a propagation network where nodes are vars, fields,
-# or overloaded lookups/updates/aggregates. The intuition is that _all_ types in the IR
-# ultimately flow from relation fields, so if we figure those out we just need to propagate
-# their types to unknown vars, which may then flow into other fields and so on.
-#
-# This means the network only needs to contain nodes that either directly flow into
-# an abstract node or are themselves abstract. We need to track overloads because
-# their arguments effectively act like abstract vars until we've resolved the final types.
-
-Node = Union[ir.Var, ir.Field, ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate, ir.Literal]
-
-class PropagationNetwork():
-    def __init__(self):
-
-        # track the set of nodes that represent entry points into the network
-        self.roots = ordered_set()
-        # we separately want to track nodes that were loaded from a previous run
-        # so that even if we have edges to them, we _still_ consider them roots
-        # and properly propagate types from them at the beginning
-        self.loaded_roots = set()
-        self.edges:dict[Node, dict[int, Node]] = defaultdict(dict)
-        self.has_incoming = set()
-        self.type_requirements:dict[Node, OrderedSet[ir.Field]] = defaultdict(lambda: ordered_set())
-
-        self.errors:list[TyperError] = []
-        # all fields for which types were resolved
-        self.fields = set()
-        self.resolved_types:dict[int, ir.Type] = {}
-        # overloads resolved for a lookup/update/aggregate, by node id
-        self.resolved_overloads:dict[int, list[ir.Relation]] = {}
-        # if the node resolves to an overload the uses GenericDecimal, the concrete
-        # DecimalType to be used (assumes there's a single overload with decimals for a node)
-        self.resolved_overload_decimal:dict[int, ir.DecimalType] = {}
-        self.node_is_literal:dict[int, bool] = {}
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Mismatches
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def mismatch(self, node:Node, expected:ir.Type, actual:ir.Type):
-        self.errors.append(TypeMismatch(node, expected, actual))
-
-    def invalid_type(self, node:Node, type:ir.Type):
-        self.errors.append(InvalidType(node, type))
-
-    def unresolved_overload(self, node:ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate):
-        self.errors.append(UnresolvedOverload(node, [self.resolve(a) for a in node.args]))
-
-    def unresolved_type(self, node:Node):
-        self.errors.append(UnresolvedType(node))
-
-    def has_errors(self, node:Node) -> bool:
-        for mismatch in self.errors:
-            if mismatch.node == node:
-                return True
-        return False
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Types and Edges
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def add_edge(self, source:Node, target:Node):
-        if target not in self.loaded_roots:
-            self.roots.remove(target)
-        if source not in self.has_incoming:
-            self.roots.add(source)
-        self.edges[source][target.id] = target
-        self.has_incoming.add(target)
-
-    def add_type(self, node:Node, type:ir.Type, is_literal:bool):
-        if isinstance(node, ir.Field):
-            self.fields.add(node)
-
-        if node.id in self.resolved_types:
-            if isinstance(node, ir.Literal) and self.resolved_types[node.id] == node.type:
-                # if the previous "resolved type" was just the literal type itself, we can
-                # replace it; this is safe because literals are only part of one task
-                self.resolved_types[node.id] = type
-            else:
-                self.resolved_types[node.id] = merge_types(self.resolved_types[node.id], type, self.node_is_literal[node.id], is_literal)
-        else:
-            self.resolved_types[node.id] = type
-
-        if node.id in self.node_is_literal:
-            is_literal &= self.node_is_literal[node.id]
-        self.node_is_literal[node.id] = is_literal
-
-    def add_type_requirement(self, source:Node, field:ir.Field):
-        self.type_requirements[source].add(field)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Load previous types
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def load_types(self, type_dict:dict[ir.Field, ir.Type]):
-        for node, type in type_dict.items():
-            self.add_type(node, type, False)
-            self.loaded_roots.add(node)
-            self.roots.add(node)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Resolve
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def resolve(self, value:Node|ir.Value) -> ir.Type:
-        if isinstance(value, (ir.Var, ir.Field)):
-            return self.resolved_types.get(value.id) or to_type(value)
-        assert not isinstance(value, (ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate)), "Should never try to resolve a task"
-        return to_type(value)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Overloads
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def resolve_overload_deps(self, op:ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate, keep_known=False):
-        # We need to find which args flow into this task, which flow out, and
-        # if some are inputs, then they are required before we can resolve
-        incoming:list[Node] = []
-        outgoing:list[Node] = []
-        required:list[Node] = []
-        relation = to_relation(op)
-        field_args = zip(relation.fields, [self.resolve(a) for a in op.args], op.args)
-        has_inputs = any([field.input for field in relation.fields])
-        for field, arg_type, arg in field_args:
-            if not isinstance(arg, (ir.Var, ir.Literal)):
-                continue
-            arg_is_abstract = is_abstract(arg_type)
-            if not arg_is_abstract and not keep_known:
-                continue
-            elif field.input or not arg_is_abstract:
-                incoming.append(arg)
-                required.append(arg)
-            elif not has_inputs:
-                incoming.append(arg)
-                outgoing.append(arg)
-            else:
-                outgoing.append(arg)
-
-        # check if the overloads of this relation are fully resolved, if any aren't
-        # then their fields are incoming edges to this node
-        for overload in relation.overloads:
-            for field in overload.fields:
-                resolved_type = self.resolve(field)
-                if resolved_type != types.GenericDecimal and is_abstract(resolved_type):
-                    incoming.append(field)
-                    required.append(field)
-
-        return incoming, outgoing, required
-
-    def resolve_overload(self, op:ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate) -> Optional[list[ir.Relation]]:
-        # check if we have any unresolved args that are required, if all of our args
-        # are unresolved (len(incoming) == len(relation.fields)) then we have no information
-        # to try and resolve the overloads with
-        incoming, outgoing, required = self.resolve_overload_deps(op)
-        relation = to_relation(op)
-        if required or len(incoming) == len(relation.fields):
-            return
-
-        overloads = relation.overloads
-        if not overloads:
-            overloads = [relation]
-
-        # otherwise we compute the cost of each overload and return the set of relations
-        # that have the lowest cost. This can be multiple in e.g. the Person.pets.name
-        # case where Cat_name and Dog_name are equally valid
-        inf = float("inf")
-        min_cost = inf
-        matches = []
-        for overload in overloads:
-            arg_types = set(self.resolve(arg) for arg, field in zip(op.args, overload.fields) if field.input)
-            total = 0
-            for arg, field in zip(op.args, overload.fields):
-                arg_type = self.resolve(arg)
-                field_type = self.resolve(field)
-                total += conversion_cost(arg, arg_type, field_type, arg_types)
-                if total == inf:
-                    break
-            if total != inf and total <= min_cost:
-                if total < min_cost:
-                    min_cost = total
-                    matches.clear()
-                matches.append(overload)
-        return matches
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Propagation
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def propagate(self):
-        edges = self.edges
-        work_list = []
-
-        # go through all the roots and find any that are not abstract, they'll
-        # be the first nodes to push types through the network
-        unhandled = ordered_set()
-        for node in self.roots:
-            if not isinstance(node, (ir.Var, ir.Field, ir.Literal)):
-                continue
-            node_type = self.resolve(node)
-            if not is_abstract(node_type):
-                is_literal = isinstance(node, ir.Literal) or (isinstance(node, ir.Var) and var_is_from_literal(node))
-                self.add_type(node, node_type, is_literal)
-                work_list.append(node)
-            else:
-                unhandled.add(node)
-
-        # We need to visit nodes in topological order; that is we need to visit all predecessors
-        # of a node before the node itself.
-
-        # push known type nodes through the edges
-        while work_list:
-            source = work_list.pop(0)
-            unhandled.remove(source)
-            source_type = self.resolve(source)
-            is_literal = self.node_is_literal.get(source.id, False)
-            # check to see if the source has ended up with a set of types that
-            # aren't valid, e.g. a union of primitives
-            if invalid_type(source_type):
-                self.invalid_type(source, source_type)
-
-            # propagate our type to each outgoing edge
-            for out in edges.get(source, {}).values():
-                # if this is an overload then we need to try and resolve it
-                if isinstance(out, (ir.Update, ir.Lookup, ir.Aggregate)):
-                    found = self.resolve_overload(out)
-                    if found is not None:
-                        start_arg_types = [self.resolve(arg) for arg in out.args]
-                        self.propagate_overloads(out, found)
-                        final_arg_types = [self.resolve(arg) for arg in out.args]
-                        for arg, start, final in zip(out.args, start_arg_types, final_arg_types):
-                            if start != final:
-                                work_list.append(arg)
-                # otherwise, we just add to the outgoing node's type and if it
-                # changes we add it to the work list
-                elif start := self.resolve(out):
-                    self.add_type(out, source_type, is_literal)
-                    if start != self.resolve(out) or out in unhandled:
-                        work_list.append(out)
-
-        for source in unhandled:
-            self.unresolved_type(source)
-
-        # now that we've pushed all the types through the network, we need to validate
-        # that all type requirements of those nodes are met
-        for node, fields in self.type_requirements.items():
-            node_type = self.resolve(node)
-            for field in fields:
-                field_type = self.resolve(field)
-                if not type_matches(node_type, field_type):
-                    node_base = to_base_primitive(node_type)
-                    field_base = to_base_primitive(field_type)
-                    if conversion_lattice_cost(node_base, field_base) == float("inf"):
-                        self.mismatch(node, field_type, node_type)
-
-        # return the resolved type for fields only
-        field_types = {}
-        for field in self.fields:
-            if field.id in self.resolved_types:
-                field_types[field] = self.resolved_types[field.id]
-        return field_types
-
-
-    def propagate_overloads(self, node:ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate, overloads:list[ir.Relation]):
-        if not overloads:
-            return self.unresolved_overload(node)
-
-        # we've resolved the overloads, so store that
-        self.resolved_overloads[node.id] = overloads
-
-        # we need to determine the final types of our args but taking all the overloads
-        # and adding the type of their fields back to the args.
-        resolved_args = [self.resolve(a) for a in node.args]
-        for overload in overloads:
-            resolved_fields = [self.resolve(f) for f in overload.fields]
-            if types.GenericDecimal in resolved_fields:
-                # this overload contains generic decimals, so find which specific type of
-                # decimal to use given the arguments being passed
-                decimal, resolved_fields = self.specialize_decimal_overload(resolved_fields, resolved_args)
-                self.resolved_overload_decimal[node.id] = decimal
-
-            # if our overload preserves types, we check to see if there's a preserved
-            # output type given the inputs and if so, shadow the field's type with the
-            # preserved type
-            if overload in TYPE_PRESERVERS:
-                input_types = set([arg_type for field, arg_type
-                                    in zip(overload.fields, resolved_args)
-                                    if field.input])
-                if out_type := try_preserve_type(input_types):
-                    resolved_fields = [field_type if field.input else out_type
-                                        for field, field_type in zip(overload.fields, resolved_fields)]
-
-            for field_type, arg_type, arg in zip(resolved_fields, resolved_args, node.args):
-                if isinstance(arg, ir.Var) and is_abstract(arg_type):
-                    is_literal = var_is_from_literal(arg)
-                    self.add_type(arg, field_type, is_literal)
-                elif isinstance(arg, ir.Literal) and arg_type != field_type:
-                    self.add_type(arg, field_type, True)
-
-        return None
-
-    def specialize_decimal_overload(self, field_types:list[ir.Type], arg_types:list[ir.Type]) -> Tuple[ir.DecimalType, list[ir.Type]]:
-        """
-        Find the decimal type to use for an overload that has GenericDecimals in its field_types,
-        and which is being referred to with these arg_types.
-
-        Return a tuple where the first element is the specialized decimal type, and the second
-        element is a new list that contains the same types as field_types but with
-        GenericDecimal replaced by this specialized decimal.
-        """
-        decimal = None
-        for arg_type in arg_types:
-            x = types.decimal_supertype(arg_type)
-            if isinstance(x, ir.DecimalType):
-                # the current specialization policy is to select the decimal with largest
-                # scale and, if there multiple with the largest scale, the one with the
-                # largest precision. This is safe because when converting a decimal to the
-                # specialized decimal, we never truncate fractional digits (because we
-                # selected the largest scale) and, if the non-fractional digits are too
-                # large to fit the specialized decimal, we will have a runtime overflow,
-                # which should alert the user of the problem.
-                #
-                # In the future we can implement more complex policies. For example,
-                # snowflake has well documented behavior for how the output of operations
-                # behave in face of different decimal types, and we may use that:
-                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/operators-arithmetic#scale-and-precision-in-arithmetic-operations
-                if decimal is None or x.scale > decimal.scale or (x.scale == decimal.scale and x.precision > decimal.precision):
-                    decimal = x
-        assert(isinstance(decimal, ir.DecimalType))
-        return decimal, [decimal if field_type == types.GenericDecimal else field_type
-                for field_type in field_types]
-
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Display
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    # draw the network as a mermaid graph for the debugger
-    def to_mermaid(self, max_edges=500) -> str:
-        resolved = self.resolved_types
-        nodes = ordered_set()
-        link_strs = []
-        for src, dsts in self.edges.items():
-            nodes.add(src)
-            for dst in dsts.values():
-                if len(link_strs) > max_edges:
-                    break
-                nodes.add(dst)
-                link_strs.append(f"n{src.id} --> n{dst.id}")
-            if len(link_strs) > max_edges:
-                break
-
-        for src, dsts in self.type_requirements.items():
-            nodes.add(src)
-            for dst in dsts:
-                if len(link_strs) > max_edges:
-                    break
-                nodes.add(dst)
-                link_strs.append(f"n{src.id} --> n{dst.id}")
-            if len(link_strs) > max_edges:
-                break
-
-        def type_span(t:ir.Type) -> str:
-            type_str = t.name if isinstance(t, ir.ScalarType) else str(t)
-            return f"<span style='color:cyan;'>{type_str.strip()}</span>"
-
-        def overload_span(rel:ir.Relation, arg_types:list[ir.Type]) -> str:
-            args = []
-            for field, arg_type in zip(rel.fields, arg_types):
-                field_type = self.resolve(field)
-                if not type_matches(arg_type, field_type) and field_type != types.EntityTypeVar:
-                    args.append(f"<span style='color:yellow;'>{str(arg_type).strip()} -> {str(field_type).strip()}</span>")
-                elif isinstance(arg_type, ir.UnionType):
-                    args.append(type_span(field_type))
-                else:
-                    args.append(type_span(arg_type))
-            return f'{rel.name}({", ".join(args)})'
-
-        node_strs = []
-        for node in nodes:
-            klass = ""
-            if isinstance(node, ir.Var):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                type_str = type_span(ir_type)
-                # if this is one of our vars that is a placeholder for a literal, just use the type
-                if isinstance(ir_type, ir.ScalarType) and var_is_from_literal(node):
-                    label = f'(["Literal {type_str}"])'
-                else:
-                    label = f'(["{node.name}: {type_str}"])'
-            elif isinstance(node, ir.Literal):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                type_str = type_span(ir_type)
-                label = f'(["Literal {type_str}"])'
-            elif isinstance(node, ir.Field):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                type_str = type_span(ir_type)
-                klass = ":::field"
-                label = f"{{{{\"{node.name}: {type_str}\"}}}}"
-            elif isinstance(node, (ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate)):
-                arg_types = [self.resolve(arg) for arg in node.args]
-                if node.id in self.resolved_overloads:
-                    overloads = self.resolved_overloads[node.id]
-                    content = "<br/>".join([overload_span(o, arg_types) for o in overloads])
-                else:
-                    content = overload_span(to_relation(node), arg_types)
-                label = f'[/"{content}"/]'
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown node type: {type(node)}")
-            if self.has_errors(node):
-                klass = ":::error"
-            node_strs.append(f"n{node.id}{label}{klass}")
-
-        node_str = "\n                ".join(node_strs)
-        link_str = "\n                ".join(link_strs)
-        template = f"""
-            %%{{init: {{'theme':'dark', 'flowchart':{{'useMaxWidth':false, 'htmlLabels': true}}}}}}%%
-            flowchart TD
-                linkStyle default stroke:#666
-                classDef field fill:#245,stroke:#478
-                classDef error fill:#624,stroke:#945,color:#f9a
-                classDef default stroke:#444,stroke-width:2px, font-size:12px
-
-                %% nodes
-                {node_str}
-
-                %% edges
-                {link_str}
-        """
-        return template
-
-    # simplified, less verbose (compared to mermaid) output for snapshot testing
-    def to_fish(self) -> str:
-        resolved = self.resolved_types
-        nodes = ordered_set()
-        for src, dsts in self.edges.items():
-            nodes.add(src)
-            nodes.update(dsts.values())
-        for src, dsts in self.type_requirements.items():
-            nodes.add(src)
-            nodes.update(dsts)
-
-        def type_to_str(t:ir.Type) -> str:
-            type_str = t.name if isinstance(t, ir.ScalarType) else str(t)
-            return type_str.strip()
-
-        def overload_str(rel:ir.Relation, arg_types:list[ir.Type]) -> str:
-            args = []
-            for field, arg_type in zip(rel.fields, arg_types):
-                field_type = self.resolve(field)
-                if not type_matches(arg_type, field_type):
-                    args.append(f"{str(arg_type).strip()} -?> {str(field_type).strip()}")
-                elif isinstance(arg_type, ir.UnionType):
-                    args.append(type_to_str(field_type))
-                else:
-                    args.append(type_to_str(arg_type))
-            return f'{rel.name}({", ".join(args)})'
-
-        def node_kind(node:ir.Node) -> str:
-            if isinstance(node, (ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate)):
-                return "overload"
-            return type(node).__name__.lower()
-
-        def error_info(err:TyperError) -> str:
-            if isinstance(err, TypeMismatch):
-                return f'Type Mismatch|expected {to_name(err.expected)}, got {to_name(err.actual)}'
-            return f'{type(err).__name__}'
-
-        nl = "\n"
-        node_strs = []
-        for node in nodes:
-            info = ""
-            if isinstance(node, ir.Var):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                if not(isinstance(ir_type, ir.ScalarType) and var_is_from_literal(node)):
-                    info = f'{node.name}|{type_to_str(ir_type)}'
-            elif isinstance(node, ir.Literal):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                if not(isinstance(ir_type, ir.ScalarType)):
-                    info = f'Literal|{type_to_str(ir_type)}'
-            elif isinstance(node, ir.Field):
-                ir_type = resolved.get(node.id) or self.resolve(node)
-                info = f'{node.name}|{type_to_str(ir_type)}'
-            elif isinstance(node, (ir.Lookup, ir.Update, ir.Aggregate)):
-                arg_types = [self.resolve(arg) for arg in node.args]
-                if node.id in self.resolved_overloads:
-                    overloads = self.resolved_overloads[node.id]
-                    content = nl.join([overload_str(o, arg_types) for o in overloads])
-                else:
-                    content = overload_str(to_relation(node), arg_types)
-                info = f'{content}'
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown node type: {type(node)}")
-
-            if info:
-                error_suffix = " !" if self.has_errors(node) else ""
-                node_strs.append(f'{node_kind(node)}|{info}{error_suffix}')
-
-        node_strs.sort()
-        if self.errors:
-            node_strs.append("---ERRORS---")
-            for err in self.errors:
-                node_strs.append(f'{error_info(err)} ({str(err.node).strip()})')
-
-        return f"""{nl.join(node_strs)}"""
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Analyzer
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-class Analyzer(visitor.Visitor):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.net = PropagationNetwork()
-        self.context_enricher = TyperContextEnricher()
-
-        # this is a map of literal types to a var representing that literal in
-        # the graph. This allows us to collapse all literals into a single node
-        # and avoids exploding node count if lots of data gets added directly
-        self.shared_literal_vars:dict[ir.Type, ir.Var] = {
-            t: f.var(f"__literal__{t.name}", t)
-            for t in types.builtin_types
-            if isinstance(t, ir.ScalarType)
-        }
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Literal types
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    # given a literal type, lookup or create a var for it
-    def shared_literal_var(self, node:ir.Type) -> ir.Var:
-        assert isinstance(node, ir.ScalarType)
-        if node not in self.shared_literal_vars:
-            self.shared_literal_vars[node] = f.var(node.name, node)
-        return self.shared_literal_vars[node]
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Lookups + Aggregates
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def visit_lookup(self, node: ir.Lookup, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        self.visit_rel_op(node, parent)
-
-    def visit_aggregate(self, node: ir.Aggregate, parent: ir.Node | None):
-        self.visit_rel_op(node, parent)
-
-    def visit_rel_op(self, node: ir.Lookup|ir.Aggregate, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        rel = to_relation(node)
-        if isinstance(node, ir.Lookup) and builtins.is_eq(rel):
-            return self.visit_eq(node, parent)
-        if isinstance(node, ir.Lookup) and rel == builtins.cast:
-            return self.visit_cast(node, parent)
-
-        if rel.overloads:
-            return self.visit_overloaded(node, parent)
-
-        # if this is a population check, then it's fine to pass a subtype in to do the check
-        # e.g. Employee(Person) is a valid way to check if a person is an employee
-        is_concept_lookup = helpers.is_concept_lookup(rel)
-        arg_types = set(self.net.resolve(arg) for arg, field in zip(node.args, rel.fields) if field.input)
-        for arg, field in zip(node.args, rel.fields):
-            field_type = field.type
-            arg_type = self.net.resolve(arg)
-            is_var = isinstance(arg, ir.Var)
-            if not type_matches(arg_type, field_type, is_concept_lookup or is_abstract(arg_type)):
-                # If the rule explicitly specifies a refined type, e.g. `Adult(v::Person)`,
-                #   then `v` should be treated as `Adult` (not just `Person`).
-                # In that case, check the declared population type first before checking conversions.
-                if is_var and self.context_enricher.concept_population_types.get(arg.id, arg_type) == field_type:
-                    continue
-                # Do not complain if we can convert the arg to the field type.
-                if not conversion_allowed(arg, arg_type, field_type, arg_types):
-                    self.net.mismatch(node, field_type, arg_type)
-                    continue
-            # if we have an abstract var then this field will ultimately propagate to that
-            # var's type
-            elif is_var and is_abstract(arg_type) and not field.input:
-                self.net.add_edge(field, arg)
-                continue
-
-        return None
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Overloads
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def visit_overloaded(self, node: ir.Lookup|ir.Update|ir.Aggregate, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        incoming, outgoing, required = self.net.resolve_overload_deps(node, keep_known=True)
-        for arg in incoming:
-            self.net.add_edge(arg, node)
-        for arg in outgoing:
-            self.net.add_edge(node, arg)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Eq
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def visit_eq(self, node: ir.Lookup, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        (left, right) = node.args
-        left_type = self.net.resolve(left)
-        right_type = self.net.resolve(right)
-        if is_abstract(left_type) and is_abstract(right_type):
-            assert isinstance(left, ir.Var) and isinstance(right, ir.Var)
-            # if both sides are abstract, then whatever we find out about
-            # either should propagate to the other
-            self.net.add_edge(left, right)
-            self.net.add_edge(right, left)
-        elif is_abstract(left_type):
-            assert isinstance(left, ir.Var)
-            if isinstance(right, ir.Var):
-                self.net.add_edge(right, left)
-            else:
-                literal_var = self.shared_literal_var(right_type)
-                self.net.add_edge(literal_var, left)
-        elif is_abstract(right_type):
-            assert isinstance(right, ir.Var)
-            if isinstance(left, ir.Var):
-                self.net.add_edge(left, right)
-            else:
-                literal_var = self.shared_literal_var(left_type)
-                self.net.add_edge(literal_var, right)
-        elif not type_matches(left_type, right_type):
-            if not conversion_allowed(left, left_type, right_type) and not conversion_allowed(right, right_type, left_type):
-                self.net.mismatch(node, left_type, right_type)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Cast
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def visit_cast(self, node: ir.Lookup, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        # Cast has fields: to_type (input), source (input), target (output)
-        assert len(node.args) == 3, f"Expected 3 arguments for cast builtin, but got: {node.args}"
-        (to_type, source, target) = node.args
-        assert isinstance(to_type, ir.Type), f"Invalid target type for cast: {to_type}"
-        assert isinstance(target, ir.Var), f"Invalid target variable for cast: {target}"
-
-        if not is_abstract(to_type):
-            # If target is abstract, it should get the type from to_type
-            target_type = self.net.resolve(target)
-            if is_abstract(target_type) and isinstance(target, ir.Var):
-                self.net.add_type(target, to_type, False)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-    # Update
-    #--------------------------------------------------
-
-    def visit_update(self, node: ir.Update, parent: Optional[ir.Node]):
-        rel = node.relation
-        # if this is a population check, then it's fine to pass a subtype in to do the population
-        # e.g. Employee(Person) should be a valid way to populate a person
-        allow_any_parents = helpers.is_concept_lookup(rel)
-        for arg, field in zip(node.args, rel.fields):
-            field_type = field.type
-            arg_type = self.net.resolve(arg)
-            is_var = isinstance(arg, ir.Var)
-
-            # if the arg is abstract, but the field isn't, then we need to make
-            # sure that once the arg is resolved we check that it matches the field
-            # type
-            if is_var and is_abstract(arg_type) and not is_abstract(field_type):
-                self.net.add_type_requirement(arg, field)
-
-            # if the field is abstract, then eventually this var will help determine
-            # the field's type
-            elif is_abstract(field_type):
-                source = self.shared_literal_var(arg_type) if not is_var else arg
-                self.net.add_edge(source, field)
-
-            elif not type_matches(arg_type, field_type, allow_expected_parents=allow_any_parents):
-                # If the rule explicitly specifies a refined type, e.g. `Adult(v::Person)`,
-                #   then `v` should be treated as `Adult` (not just `Person`).
-                # In that case, check the declared population type first before checking conversions.
-                if is_var and self.context_enricher.concept_population_types.get(arg.id, arg_type) == field_type:
-                    continue
-                if not conversion_allowed(arg, arg_type, field_type):
-                    self.net.mismatch(node, field_type, arg_type)
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Replacer
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-# Once we've pushed all the types through the network, we need to replace the types of
-# fields and vars that we may have discovered. We also need to replace overloaded lookups
-# with the choosen overloads and do any conversions that are needed.
-@dataclass
-class Replacer(visitor.Rewriter):
-    net: PropagationNetwork = dataclasses.field(init=True)
-    new_relations:OrderedSet[ir.Relation] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=OrderedSet[ir.Relation])
-
-    def handle_model(self, model: ir.Model, parent: None):
-        model = super().handle_model(model, parent)
-        return model.reconstruct(
-            relations=model.relations | self.new_relations
-        )
-
-    def handle_field(self, node: ir.Field, parent: ir.Node):
-        if node.id in self.net.resolved_types:
-            return f.field(node.name, self.net.resolved_types[node.id], node.input)
-        return node
-
-    def handle_var(self, node: ir.Var, parent: ir.Node):
-        if node.id in self.net.resolved_types:
-            return node.reconstruct(name=node.name, type=self.net.resolved_types[node.id])
-        return node
-
-    def handle_literal(self, node: ir.Literal, parent: ir.Node):
-        # Up until now, we allow literals to have a non-builtin types. This code converts the value
-        # to a builtin Python type and lifts the literal to that supertype.
-        t = self.net.resolved_types[node.id] if node.id in self.net.resolved_types else node.type
-        v, t = self.convert_literal_value(node.value, t)
-        return node.reconstruct(value=v, type=t)
-
-    def handle_update(self, node: ir.Update, parent: ir.Node):
-        node = super().handle_update(node, parent)
-
-        # we may do conversions, so we can end up with multiple tasks
-        # in this branch and we need to track what the final args are
-        tasks = []
-        final_args = []
-        for arg, field in zip(node.args, node.relation.fields):
-            arg_type = to_type(arg)
-            field_type = to_type(field)
-            # the typer previously made sure that this should be valid so
-            # a type mismatch means we need to convert as long as this isn't
-            # a type variable
-            if field_type != types.EntityTypeVar and not type_matches(arg_type, field_type):
-                arg_base = to_base_primitive(arg_type)
-                field_base = to_base_primitive(field_type)
-                if arg_base is not None and field_base is not None and conversion_allowed(arg, arg_base, field_base):
-                    new_arg = self.convert(arg, arg_base, field_base, tasks)
-                    final_args.append(new_arg)
-                else:
-                    final_args.append(arg)
-            else:
-                final_args.append(arg)
-        tasks.append(node.reconstruct(args=tuple(final_args)))
-
-        if len(tasks) == 1:
-            return tasks[0]
-        else:
-            return f.logical(tasks, [])
-
-    def handle_aggregate(self, node: ir.Aggregate, parent: ir.Node):
-        node = super().handle_aggregate(node, parent)
-        lookup_args = list(node.args)
-        hoists = helpers.get_agg_outputs(node)
-
-        if len(node.aggregation.fields) == len(lookup_args):
-            tasks = []
-            for i in range(len(lookup_args)):
-                if not conversion_allowed(lookup_args[i], to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.aggregation.fields[i].type):
-                    self.net.mismatch(node, node.aggregation.fields[i].type, to_type(lookup_args[i]))
-                elif not type_matches(to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.aggregation.fields[i].type):
-                    lookup_args[i] = self.convert(lookup_args[i], to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.aggregation.fields[i].type, tasks)
-            tasks.append(node.reconstruct(args=tuple(lookup_args)))
-            if len(tasks) == 1:
-                return tasks[0]
-            else:
-                return f.logical(tasks, hoists)
-
-        return node
-
-    def handle_lookup(self, node: ir.Lookup, parent: ir.Node):
-        node = super().handle_lookup(node, parent)
-        lookup_args = node.args
-
-        # we can resolve to multiple overloads, that we'd need to union
-        # so we'll need to hoist all the vars being output to make sure
-        # everything joins correctly
-        hoists = helpers.get_outputs(node)
-        branches:list[ir.Logical] = []
-
-        # Special case this solver primitive because the type system cannot handle what it
-        # needs, which is an input field types as List[Union[Int64,Float64,String,Hash]].
-        # So this code makes sure that any in128 that flows into the second argument, which
-        # is represented as a tuple, is converted into an int64, which is lossy but should
-        # work for most cases
-        if node.relation == builtins.rel_primitive_solverlib_fo_appl and len(node.relation.fields) == 3 and len(lookup_args) == 3:
-            tasks = []
-            # Make lookup_args mutable.
-            lookup_args = list(lookup_args)
-
-            # Convert the first and third arguments to the field types.
-            for i in [0, 2]:
-                if not conversion_allowed(lookup_args[i], to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.relation.fields[i].type):
-                    self.net.mismatch(node, node.relation.fields[i].type, to_type(lookup_args[i]))
-                elif not type_matches(to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.relation.fields[i].type):
-                    lookup_args[i] = self.convert(lookup_args[i], to_type(lookup_args[i]), node.relation.fields[i].type, tasks)
-
-            varargs = lookup_args[1]
-            final_varargs = []
-            assert isinstance(varargs, tuple)
-            for arg in varargs:
-                t = to_type(arg)
-                if t == types.Int128:
-                    final_varargs.append(self.convert(arg, t, types.Int64, tasks))
-                else:
-                    final_varargs.append(arg)
-            lookup_args[1] = tuple(final_varargs)
-            tasks.append(node.reconstruct(args=tuple(lookup_args)))
-            branches.append(f.logical(tasks, hoists))
-
-        elif builtins.is_eq(node.relation):
-            tasks = []
-
-            # We need to handle eq specially because its arguments can be converted symmetrically
-            (left, right) = lookup_args
-            left_type = to_type(left)
-            right_type = to_type(right)
-            mismatch = False
-            if not type_matches(left_type, right_type):
-                if conversion_allowed(left, left_type, right_type):
-                    new_left = self.convert(left, left_type, right_type, tasks)
-                    final_args = [new_left, right]
-                elif conversion_allowed(right, right_type, left_type):
-                    new_right = self.convert(right, right_type, left_type, tasks)
-                    final_args = [left, new_right]
-                else:
-                    self.net.mismatch(node, left_type, right_type)
-                    final_args = [left, right]
-                    mismatch = True
-            else:
-                final_args = [left, right]
-
-            if not mismatch:
-                min_cost = float('inf')
-                arg_types = set(to_type(arg) for arg in final_args)
-                resolved = []
-                for o in node.relation.overloads:
-                    total = 0
-                    for arg, field in zip(final_args, o.fields):
-                        arg_type = to_type(arg)
-                        field_type = to_type(field)
-                        total += conversion_cost(arg, arg_type, field_type, arg_types)
-                    if total <= min_cost:
-                        if total < min_cost:
-                            resolved.clear()
-                            min_cost = total
-                        resolved.append(o)
-
-                if len(resolved) == 1:
-                    tasks.append(f.lookup(resolved[0], final_args))
-                else:
-                    # If we cannot resolve the overload, just leave it.
-                    self.net.unresolved_overload(node)
-                    tasks.append(f.lookup(node.relation, final_args))
-            else:
-                # If there's a mismatch, just leave the original relation.
-                tasks.append(f.lookup(node.relation, final_args))
-
-            branches.append(f.logical(tasks, hoists))
-        elif node.relation == builtins.cast:
-            assert len(node.args) == 3, f"Invalid number of arguments for cast: {node.args}"
-            (tgt_type, src, tgt) = node.args
-            assert isinstance(tgt_type, ir.Type), f"Invalid target type for cast: {tgt_type}"
-            src_type = to_type(src)
-
-            # if we are casting a literal into a var, we can just set the var to a new literal
-            # with the same value but with the same type as the variable
-            if isinstance(src, ir.Literal) and literal_conversion_allowed(src_type, tgt_type):
-                annos = node.annotations
-                return f.lookup(builtins.eq, (ir.Literal(tgt_type, src.value), tgt), annos=(list(annos) + [builtins.from_cast_annotation]))
-
-            src_base = to_base_primitive(src_type)
-            tgt_base = to_base_primitive(tgt_type)
-
-            if src_base and tgt_base and src_base == tgt_base:
-                annos = node.annotations
-                return f.lookup(builtins.eq, (src, tgt), annos=(list(annos) + [builtins.from_cast_annotation]))
-
-            if conversion_allowed(node.args[0], src_type, tgt_type):
-                if tgt_base:
-                    return node.reconstruct(args=(tgt_base, src, tgt))
-                else:
-                    return node
-            else:
-                # TODO: we are simply ignoring this, assuming there's some way to cast it
-                # self.net.mismatch(node, src_type, tgt_type)
-                return node
-        else:
-            if node.id in self.net.resolved_overloads:
-                resolved = self.net.resolved_overloads[node.id]
-            else:
-                resolved = [node.relation]
-            decimal_type = self.net.resolved_overload_decimal.get(node.id)
-
-            for overload in resolved:
-                # we may do conversions, so we can end up with multiple tasks
-                # in this branch and we need to track what the final args are
-                tasks = []
-                final_args = []
-
-                for arg, field in zip(lookup_args, overload.fields):
-                    arg_type = to_type(arg)
-                    field_type = to_type(field)
-                    # the typer previously made sure that this should be valid so
-                    # a type mismatch means we need to convert as long as this isn't
-                    # a type variable
-                    if field_type == types.GenericDecimal or (field_type != types.EntityTypeVar and not arg_type == field_type):
-                        arg_base = to_base_primitive(arg_type)
-                        field_base = to_base_primitive(field_type)
-                        if field_base == types.GenericDecimal:
-                            field_base = decimal_type
-                        if arg_base is not None and field_base is not None and conversion_allowed(arg, arg_base, field_base):
-                            new_arg = self.convert(arg, arg_base, field_base, tasks)
-                            final_args.append(new_arg)
-                        else:
-                            final_args.append(arg)
-                    else:
-                        final_args.append(arg)
-                tasks.append(f.lookup(overload, final_args))
-                branches.append(f.logical(tasks, hoists))
-        # unwrap if we don't actually need a union
-        if len(branches) == 1:
-            if len(branches[0].body) == 1:
-                return branches[0].body[0]
-            else:
-                return branches[0]
-        else:
-            return f.union(branches, hoists)
-
-    def convert(self, arg:ir.Value, actual:ir.Type, expected:ir.Type, tasks:list[ir.Task]) -> ir.Value:
-        if actual == expected:
-            return arg
-        value = None
-        if isinstance(arg, ir.Literal):
-            value = arg.value
-        elif isinstance(arg, (int, float, PyDecimal)):
-            value = arg
-        if value is not None:
-            if isinstance(value, int) and expected in (types.Int64, types.Int128):
-                if expected == types.Int64:
-                    check_int64(value)
-                return f.literal(value, expected)
-            if isinstance(value, (int, float, PyDecimal)) and expected == types.Float:
-                return f.literal(float(value), expected)
-            if isinstance(value, (int, float, PyDecimal)) and types.is_decimal(expected):
-                # Converting str(value) rather than value avoids precision loss with Float->Decimal conversion.
-                return f.literal(PyDecimal(str(value)), expected)
-
-        name = helpers.sanitize(arg.name + "_" + to_name(expected) if isinstance(arg, ir.Var) else f"v{to_name(expected)}")
-        expected_base = to_base_primitive(expected) or expected
-        new_arg = f.var(name, expected_base)
-        self.new_relations.add(builtins.cast)
-        tasks.append(f.lookup(builtins.cast, (expected_base, arg, new_arg)))
-        self.new_relations.add(builtins.cast)
-        return new_arg
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def convert_literal_value(value, t: ir.Type):
-        if types.is_subtype(t, types.String):
-            return value, types.String
-        if isinstance(value, str) and types.is_subtype(t, types.DateTime):
-            return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(value), types.DateTime
-        if isinstance(value, str) and types.is_subtype(t, types.Date):
-            return datetime.date.fromisoformat(value), types.Date
-        if isinstance(value, int) and types.is_subtype(t, types.Int64):
-            check_int64(value)
-            return value, types.Int64
-        if isinstance(value, int) and types.is_subtype(t, types.Int128):
-            return value, types.Int128
-        if isinstance(value, (int, float, PyDecimal)) and types.is_subtype(t, types.Float):
-            return float(value), types.Float
-        if isinstance(value, (int, float, PyDecimal)) and types.is_decimal_subtype(t):
-            return PyDecimal(str(value)), types.decimal_supertype(t)
-        return value, t
-
-#--------------------------------------------------
-# Typer pass
-#--------------------------------------------------
-
-class InferTypes(compiler.Pass):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.historical = {}
-
-    def rewrite(self, model: ir.Model, options:dict={}) -> ir.Model:
-        w = Analyzer()
-        w.net.load_types(self.historical)
-
-        # collect some type info before analyzing it
-        with debugging.span("type.collect"):
-            model.root.accept(w.context_enricher, model)
-
-        # build the propagation network
-        with debugging.span("type.analyze"):
-            model.root.accept(w, model)
-
-        # propagate the types through the network
-        with debugging.span("type.propagate") as end_span:
-            field_types = w.net.propagate()
-            self.historical.update(field_types)
-            end_span["type_graph"] = w.net.to_mermaid()
-            end_span["type_report"] = w.net.to_fish()
-
-        # replace the fields in the model with the new types
-        with debugging.span("type.replace"):
-            final = Replacer(w.net).walk(model)
-
-        if not executor.SUPPRESS_TYPE_ERRORS:
-            for err in w.net.errors:
-                rich.print(str(err), file=sys.stderr)
-
-        return final