rasa-pro 3.12.0.dev1__py3-none-any.whl

rasa/core/training/interactive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1744 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import textwrap
+import uuid
+import warnings
+from functools import partial
+from multiprocessing import Process
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Text,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    Set,
+    cast,
+)
+
+import numpy as np
+import questionary
+import terminaltables.width_and_alignment
+from aiohttp import ClientError
+from colorclass import Color
+from questionary import Choice, Form, Question
+from sanic import Sanic, response
+from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import HTTPResponse
+from terminaltables import AsciiTable, SingleTable
+
+import rasa.cli.utils
+import rasa.core.train
+import rasa.shared.core.events
+import rasa.shared.data
+import rasa.shared.utils.cli
+import rasa.shared.utils.io
+
+# WARNING: This command line UI is using an external library
+# communicating with the shell - these functions are hard to test
+# automatically. If you change anything in here, please make sure to
+# run the interactive learning and check if your part of the "ui"
+# still works.
+import rasa.utils.io as io_utils
+from rasa import telemetry
+from rasa.core import run, utils
+from rasa.core.constants import DEFAULT_SERVER_FORMAT, DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT
+from rasa.core.utils import AvailableEndpoints
+from rasa.shared.constants import (
+    INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX,
+    DEFAULT_SENDER_ID,
+    UTTER_PREFIX,
+    DOCS_URL_NLU_BASED_POLICIES,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.constants import (
+    USER_INTENT_RESTART,
+    ACTION_LISTEN_NAME,
+    LOOP_NAME,
+    ACTIVE_LOOP,
+    LOOP_REJECTED,
+    REQUESTED_SLOT,
+    LOOP_INTERRUPTED,
+    ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.domain import (
+    Domain,
+    KEY_INTENTS,
+    KEY_ENTITIES,
+    KEY_RESPONSES,
+    KEY_ACTIONS,
+    KEY_RESPONSES_TEXT,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.events import (
+    ActionExecuted,
+    ActionReverted,
+    BotUttered,
+    Event,
+    Restarted,
+    UserUttered,
+    UserUtteranceReverted,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.generator import TrackerWithCachedStates
+from rasa.shared.core.trackers import EventVerbosity, DialogueStateTracker
+from rasa.shared.core.training_data import visualization
+from rasa.shared.core.training_data.visualization import (
+    VISUALIZATION_TEMPLATE_PATH,
+    visualize_neighborhood,
+)
+from rasa.shared.exceptions import InvalidConfigException
+from rasa.shared.importers.rasa import TrainingDataImporter
+from rasa.shared.nlu.constants import TEXT, INTENT_NAME_KEY
+
+# noinspection PyProtectedMember
+from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data import loading
+from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.loading import RASA, RASA_YAML
+from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.message import Message
+from rasa.utils.common import update_sanic_log_level
+from rasa.utils.endpoints import EndpointConfig
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PATHS = {
+    "stories": "data/stories.yml",
+    "nlu": "data/nlu.yml",
+    "backup": "data/nlu_interactive.yml",
+    "domain": "domain.yml",
+}
+
+SAVE_IN_E2E = False
+
+# choose other intent, making sure this doesn't clash with an existing intent
+OTHER_INTENT = uuid.uuid4().hex
+OTHER_ACTION = uuid.uuid4().hex
+NEW_ACTION = uuid.uuid4().hex
+
+NEW_RESPONSES: Dict[Text, List[Dict[Text, Any]]] = {}
+
+MAX_NUMBER_OF_TRAINING_STORIES_FOR_VISUALIZATION = 200
+
+DEFAULT_STORY_GRAPH_FILE = "story_graph.dot"
+
+
+class RestartConversation(Exception):
+    """Exception used to break out the flow and restart the conversation."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ForkTracker(Exception):
+    """Exception used to break out the flow and fork at a previous step.
+
+    The tracker will be reset to the selected point in the past and the
+    conversation will continue from there.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class UndoLastStep(Exception):
+    """Exception used to break out the flow and undo the last step.
+
+    The last step is either the most recent user message or the most
+    recent action run by the bot.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class Abort(Exception):
+    """Exception used to abort the interactive learning and exit."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+async def send_message(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    message: Text,
+    parse_data: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Send a user message to a conversation."""
+    payload = {
+        "sender": UserUttered.type_name,
+        "text": message,
+        "parse_data": parse_data,
+    }
+
+    return await endpoint.request(
+        json=payload,
+        method="post",
+        subpath=f"/conversations/{conversation_id}/messages",
+    )
+
+
+async def request_prediction(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig, conversation_id: Text
+) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Request the next action prediction from core."""
+    return await endpoint.request(
+        method="post", subpath=f"/conversations/{conversation_id}/predict"
+    )
+
+
+async def retrieve_domain(endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Retrieve the domain from core."""
+    return await endpoint.request(
+        method="get", subpath="/domain", headers={"Accept": "application/json"}
+    )
+
+
+async def retrieve_status(endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Retrieve the status from core."""
+    return await endpoint.request(method="get", subpath="/status")
+
+
+async def retrieve_tracker(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    verbosity: EventVerbosity = EventVerbosity.ALL,
+) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+    """Retrieve a tracker from core."""
+    path = f"/conversations/{conversation_id}/tracker?include_events={verbosity.name}"
+    result = await endpoint.request(
+        method="get", subpath=path, headers={"Accept": "application/json"}
+    )
+
+    # If the request wasn't successful the previous call had already raised. Hence,
+    # we can be sure we have the tracker in the right format.
+    return cast(Dict[Text, Any], result)
+
+
+async def send_action(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    action_name: Text,
+    policy: Optional[Text] = None,
+    confidence: Optional[float] = None,
+    is_new_action: bool = False,
+) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Log an action to a conversation."""
+    payload = ActionExecuted(action_name, policy, confidence).as_dict()
+
+    subpath = f"/conversations/{conversation_id}/execute"
+
+    try:
+        return await endpoint.request(json=payload, method="post", subpath=subpath)
+    except ClientError:
+        if is_new_action:
+            if action_name in NEW_RESPONSES:
+                warning_questions = questionary.confirm(
+                    f"WARNING: You have created a new action: '{action_name}', "
+                    f"with matching response: "
+                    f"'{NEW_RESPONSES[action_name][0][KEY_RESPONSES_TEXT]}'. "
+                    f"This action will not return its message in this session, "
+                    f"but the new response will be saved to your domain file "
+                    f"when you exit and save this session. "
+                    f"You do not need to do anything further."
+                )
+                await _ask_questions(warning_questions, conversation_id, endpoint)
+            else:
+                warning_questions = questionary.confirm(
+                    f"WARNING: You have created a new action: '{action_name}', "
+                    f"which was not successfully executed. "
+                    f"If this action does not return any events, "
+                    f"you do not need to do anything. "
+                    f"If this is a custom action which returns events, "
+                    f"you are recommended to implement this action "
+                    f"in your action server and try again."
+                )
+                await _ask_questions(warning_questions, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+            payload = ActionExecuted(action_name).as_dict()
+            return await send_event(endpoint, conversation_id, payload)
+        else:
+            logger.error("failed to execute action!")
+            raise
+
+
+async def send_event(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    evt: Union[List[Dict[Text, Any]], Dict[Text, Any]],
+) -> Optional[Any]:
+    """Log an event to a conversation."""
+    subpath = f"/conversations/{conversation_id}/tracker/events"
+
+    return await endpoint.request(json=evt, method="post", subpath=subpath)
+
+
+def format_bot_output(message: BotUttered) -> Text:
+    """Format a bot response to be displayed in the history table."""
+    # First, add text to output
+    output = message.text or ""
+
+    # Then, append all additional items
+    data = message.data or {}
+    if not data:
+        return output
+
+    if "image" in data and data["image"] is not None:
+        output += "\nImage: " + data["image"]
+
+    if "attachment" in data and data["attachment"] is not None:
+        output += "\nAttachment: " + data["attachment"]
+
+    if "buttons" in data and data["buttons"] is not None:
+        output += "\nButtons:"
+        choices = rasa.cli.utils.button_choices_from_message_data(
+            data, allow_free_text_input=True
+        )
+        for choice in choices:
+            output += "\n" + choice
+
+    if "elements" in data and data["elements"] is not None:
+        output += "\nElements:"
+        for idx, element in enumerate(data["elements"]):
+            element_str = rasa.cli.utils.element_to_string(element, idx)
+            output += "\n" + element_str
+
+    if "quick_replies" in data and data["quick_replies"] is not None:
+        output += "\nQuick replies:"
+        for idx, element in enumerate(data["quick_replies"]):
+            element_str = rasa.cli.utils.element_to_string(element, idx)
+            output += "\n" + element_str
+    return output
+
+
+def latest_user_message(events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> Optional[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    """Return most recent user message."""
+    for i, e in enumerate(reversed(events)):
+        if e.get("event") == UserUttered.type_name:
+            return e
+    return None
+
+
+async def _ask_questions(
+    questions: Union[Form, Question],
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    is_abort: Callable[[Dict[Text, Any]], bool] = lambda x: False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Ask the user a question, if Ctrl-C is pressed provide user with menu."""
+    should_retry = True
+    answers: Any = {}
+
+    while should_retry:
+        answers = await questions.ask_async()
+        if answers is None or is_abort(answers):
+            should_retry = await _ask_if_quit(conversation_id, endpoint)
+        else:
+            should_retry = False
+    return answers
+
+
+def _selection_choices_from_intent_prediction(
+    predictions: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    """Given a list of ML predictions create a UI choice list."""
+    sorted_intents = sorted(
+        predictions, key=lambda k: (-k["confidence"], k[INTENT_NAME_KEY])
+    )
+
+    choices = []
+    for p in sorted_intents:
+        name_with_confidence = (
+            f'{p.get("confidence"):03.2f} {p.get(INTENT_NAME_KEY):40}'
+        )
+        choice = {
+            INTENT_NAME_KEY: name_with_confidence,
+            "value": p.get(INTENT_NAME_KEY),
+        }
+        choices.append(choice)
+
+    return choices
+
+
+async def _request_free_text_intent(
+    conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Text:
+    question = questionary.text(
+        message="Please type the intent name:",
+        validate=io_utils.not_empty_validator("Please enter an intent name"),
+    )
+    return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _request_free_text_action(
+    conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Text:
+    question = questionary.text(
+        message="Please type the action name:",
+        validate=io_utils.not_empty_validator("Please enter an action name"),
+    )
+    return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _request_free_text_utterance(
+    conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig, action: Text
+) -> Text:
+    question = questionary.text(
+        message=(f"Please type the message for your new bot response '{action}':"),
+        validate=io_utils.not_empty_validator("Please enter a response"),
+    )
+    return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _request_selection_from_intents(
+    intents: List[Dict[Text, Text]], conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Text:
+    question = questionary.select("What intent is it?", choices=intents)
+    return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _request_fork_point_from_list(
+    forks: List[Dict[Text, Text]], conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Text:
+    question = questionary.select(
+        "Before which user message do you want to fork?", choices=forks
+    )
+    return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _request_fork_from_user(
+    conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Optional[List[Dict[Text, Any]]]:
+    """Take in a conversation and ask at which point to fork the conversation.
+
+    Returns the list of events that should be kept. Forking means, the
+    conversation will be reset and continued from this previous point.
+    """
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.AFTER_RESTART
+    )
+
+    choices = []
+    for i, e in enumerate(tracker.get("events", [])):
+        if e.get("event") == UserUttered.type_name:
+            choices.append({"name": e.get("text"), "value": i})
+
+    fork_idx = await _request_fork_point_from_list(
+        list(reversed(choices)), conversation_id, endpoint
+    )
+
+    if fork_idx is not None:
+        return tracker.get("events", [])[: int(fork_idx)]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+async def _request_intent_from_user(
+    latest_message: Dict[Text, Any],
+    intents: List[Text],
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+    """Take in latest message and ask which intent it should have been.
+
+    Returns the intent dict that has been selected by the user.
+    """
+    predictions = latest_message.get("parse_data", {}).get("intent_ranking", [])
+
+    predicted_intents = {p[INTENT_NAME_KEY] for p in predictions}
+
+    for i in intents:
+        if i not in predicted_intents:
+            predictions.append({INTENT_NAME_KEY: i, "confidence": 0.0})
+
+    # convert intents to ui list and add <other> as a free text alternative
+    choices = [
+        {INTENT_NAME_KEY: "<create_new_intent>", "value": OTHER_INTENT}
+    ] + _selection_choices_from_intent_prediction(predictions)
+
+    intent_name = await _request_selection_from_intents(
+        choices, conversation_id, endpoint
+    )
+
+    if intent_name == OTHER_INTENT:
+        intent_name = await _request_free_text_intent(conversation_id, endpoint)
+        selected_intent = {INTENT_NAME_KEY: intent_name, "confidence": 1.0}
+    else:
+        # returns the selected intent with the original probability value
+        selected_intent = next(
+            (x for x in predictions if x[INTENT_NAME_KEY] == intent_name),
+            {INTENT_NAME_KEY: None},
+        )
+
+    return selected_intent
+
+
+async def _print_history(conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> None:
+    """Print information about the conversation for the user."""
+    tracker_dump = await retrieve_tracker(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.AFTER_RESTART
+    )
+    events = tracker_dump.get("events", [])
+
+    table = _chat_history_table(events)
+    slot_strings = _slot_history(tracker_dump)
+
+    print("------")
+    print("Chat History\n")
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    loop.run_in_executor(None, print, table)
+
+    if slot_strings:
+        print("\n")
+        slots_info = f"Current slots: \n\t{', '.join(slot_strings)}\n"
+        loop.run_in_executor(None, print, slots_info)
+
+    loop.run_in_executor(None, print, "------")
+
+
+def _chat_history_table(events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> Text:
+    """Create a table containing bot and user messages.
+
+    Also includes additional information, like any events and
+    prediction probabilities.
+    """
+
+    def wrap(txt: Text, max_width: int) -> Text:
+        true_wrapping_width = calc_true_wrapping_width(txt, max_width)
+        return "\n".join(
+            textwrap.wrap(txt, true_wrapping_width, replace_whitespace=False)
+        )
+
+    def colored(txt: Text, color: Text) -> Text:
+        return "{" + color + "}" + txt + "{/" + color + "}"
+
+    def format_user_msg(user_event: UserUttered, max_width: int) -> Text:
+        intent = user_event.intent or {}
+        intent_name = intent.get(INTENT_NAME_KEY, "")
+        _confidence = intent.get("confidence", 1.0)
+        _md = _as_md_message(user_event.parse_data)
+
+        _lines = [
+            colored(wrap(_md, max_width), "hired"),
+            f"intent: {intent_name} {_confidence:03.2f}",
+        ]
+        return "\n".join(_lines)
+
+    def bot_width(_table: AsciiTable) -> int:
+        return _table.column_max_width(1)
+
+    def user_width(_table: AsciiTable) -> int:
+        return _table.column_max_width(3)
+
+    def add_bot_cell(data: List[List[Union[Text, Color]]], cell: Text) -> None:
+        data.append([len(data), Color(cell), "", ""])
+
+    def add_user_cell(data: List[List[Union[Text, Color]]], cell: Text) -> None:
+        data.append([len(data), "", "", Color(cell)])
+
+    # prints the historical interactions between the bot and the user,
+    # to help with correctly identifying the action
+    table_data = [
+        [
+            "#  ",
+            Color(colored("Bot      ", "autoblue")),
+            "  ",
+            Color(colored("You       ", "hired")),
+        ]
+    ]
+
+    table = SingleTable(table_data, "Chat History")
+
+    bot_column = []
+
+    tracker = DialogueStateTracker.from_dict("any", events)
+    applied_events = tracker.applied_events()
+
+    for idx, event in enumerate(applied_events):
+        if isinstance(event, ActionExecuted):
+            if (
+                event.action_name == ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME
+                and event.confidence == 0
+            ):
+                continue
+            bot_column.append(colored(str(event), "autocyan"))
+            if event.confidence is not None:
+                bot_column[-1] += colored(f" {event.confidence:03.2f}", "autowhite")
+
+        elif isinstance(event, UserUttered):
+            if bot_column:
+                text = "\n".join(bot_column)
+                add_bot_cell(table_data, text)
+                bot_column = []
+
+            msg = format_user_msg(event, user_width(table))
+            add_user_cell(table_data, msg)
+
+        elif isinstance(event, BotUttered):
+            wrapped = wrap(format_bot_output(event), bot_width(table))
+            bot_column.append(colored(wrapped, "autoblue"))
+
+        else:
+            if event.as_story_string():
+                bot_column.append(wrap(event.as_story_string(), bot_width(table)))
+
+    if bot_column:
+        text = "\n".join(bot_column)
+        add_bot_cell(table_data, text)
+
+    table.inner_heading_row_border = False
+    table.inner_row_border = True
+    table.inner_column_border = False
+    table.outer_border = False
+    table.justify_columns = {0: "left", 1: "left", 2: "center", 3: "right"}
+
+    return table.table
+
+
+def _slot_history(tracker_dump: Dict[Text, Any]) -> List[Text]:
+    """Create an array of slot representations to be displayed."""
+    slot_strings = []
+    for k, s in tracker_dump.get("slots", {}).items():
+        colored_value = rasa.shared.utils.io.wrap_with_color(
+            str(s), color=rasa.shared.utils.io.bcolors.WARNING
+        )
+        slot_strings.append(f"{k}: {colored_value}")
+    return slot_strings
+
+
+async def _retry_on_error(
+    func: Callable, export_path: Text, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+) -> None:
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return func(export_path, *args, **kwargs)
+        except OSError as e:
+            answer = await questionary.confirm(
+                f"Failed to export '{export_path}': {e}. Please make sure 'rasa' "
+                f"has read and write access to this file. Would you like to retry?"
+            ).ask_async()
+            if not answer:
+                raise e
+
+
+async def _write_data_to_file(conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> None:
+    """Write stories and nlu data to file."""
+    story_path, nlu_path, domain_path = await _request_export_info()
+
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(endpoint, conversation_id)
+    events = tracker.get("events", [])
+
+    serialised_domain = await retrieve_domain(endpoint)
+    domain = Domain.from_dict(serialised_domain)
+
+    await _retry_on_error(_write_stories_to_file, story_path, events, domain)
+    await _retry_on_error(_write_nlu_to_file, nlu_path, events)
+    await _retry_on_error(_write_domain_to_file, domain_path, events, domain)
+
+    logger.info("Successfully wrote stories and NLU data")
+
+
+async def _ask_if_quit(conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> bool:
+    """Display the exit menu.
+
+    Return `True` if the previous question should be retried.
+    """
+    answer = await questionary.select(
+        message="Do you want to stop?",
+        choices=[
+            Choice("Continue", "continue"),
+            Choice("Undo Last", "undo"),
+            Choice("Fork", "fork"),
+            Choice("Start Fresh", "restart"),
+            Choice("Export & Quit", "quit"),
+        ],
+    ).ask_async()
+
+    if not answer or answer == "quit":
+        # this is also the default answer if the user presses Ctrl-C
+        await _write_data_to_file(conversation_id, endpoint)
+        raise Abort()
+    elif answer == "undo":
+        raise UndoLastStep()
+    elif answer == "fork":
+        raise ForkTracker()
+    elif answer == "restart":
+        raise RestartConversation()
+    else:  # `continue` or no answer
+        # in this case we will just return, and the original
+        # question will get asked again
+        return True
+
+
+async def _request_action_from_user(
+    predictions: List[Dict[Text, Any]], conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> Tuple[Text, bool]:
+    """Ask the user to correct an action prediction."""
+    await _print_history(conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+    choices = [
+        {"name": f'{a["score"]:03.2f} {a["action"]:40}', "value": a["action"]}
+        for a in predictions
+    ]
+
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(endpoint, conversation_id)
+    events = tracker.get("events", [])
+
+    session_actions_all = [a["name"] for a in _collect_actions(events)]
+    session_actions_unique = list(set(session_actions_all))
+    old_actions = [action["value"] for action in choices]
+    new_actions = [
+        {"name": action, "value": OTHER_ACTION + action}
+        for action in session_actions_unique
+        if action not in old_actions
+    ]
+    choices = (
+        [{"name": "<create new action>", "value": NEW_ACTION}] + new_actions + choices
+    )
+    question = questionary.select("What is the next action of the bot?", choices)
+
+    action_name = await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+    is_new_action = action_name == NEW_ACTION
+
+    if is_new_action:
+        # create new action
+        action_name = await _request_free_text_action(conversation_id, endpoint)
+        if action_name.startswith(UTTER_PREFIX):
+            utter_message = await _request_free_text_utterance(
+                conversation_id, endpoint, action_name
+            )
+            NEW_RESPONSES[action_name] = [{KEY_RESPONSES_TEXT: utter_message}]
+
+    elif action_name[:32] == OTHER_ACTION:
+        # action was newly created in the session, but not this turn
+        is_new_action = True
+        action_name = action_name[32:]
+
+    print(f"Thanks! The bot will now run {action_name}.\n")
+    return action_name, is_new_action
+
+
+async def _request_export_info() -> Tuple[Text, Text, Text]:
+    import rasa.shared.data
+
+    """Request file path and export stories & nlu data to that path"""
+
+    # export training data and quit
+    questions = questionary.form(
+        export_stories=questionary.text(
+            message="Export stories to (if file exists, this "
+            "will append the stories)",
+            default=PATHS["stories"],
+            validate=io_utils.file_type_validator(
+                rasa.shared.data.YAML_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+                "Please provide a valid export path for the stories, "
+                "e.g. 'stories.yml'.",
+            ),
+        ),
+        export_nlu=questionary.text(
+            message="Export NLU data to (if file exists, this will "
+            "merge learned data with previous training examples)",
+            default=PATHS["nlu"],
+            validate=io_utils.file_type_validator(
+                list(rasa.shared.data.TRAINING_DATA_EXTENSIONS),
+                "Please provide a valid export path for the NLU data, "
+                "e.g. 'nlu.yml'.",
+            ),
+        ),
+        export_domain=questionary.text(
+            message="Export domain file to (if file exists, this "
+            "will be overwritten)",
+            default=PATHS["domain"],
+            validate=io_utils.file_type_validator(
+                rasa.shared.data.YAML_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+                "Please provide a valid export path for the domain file, "
+                "e.g. 'domain.yml'.",
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    answers = await questions.ask_async()
+    if not answers:
+        raise Abort()
+
+    return answers["export_stories"], answers["export_nlu"], answers["export_domain"]
+
+
+def _split_conversation_at_restarts(
+    events: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+) -> List[List[Dict[Text, Any]]]:
+    """Split a conversation at restart events.
+
+    Returns an array of event lists, without the restart events.
+    """
+    deserialized_events = [Event.from_parameters(event) for event in events]
+    split_events = rasa.shared.core.events.split_events(
+        deserialized_events, Restarted, include_splitting_event=False
+    )
+
+    return [[event.as_dict() for event in events] for events in split_events]
+
+
+def _collect_messages(events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> List[Message]:
+    """Collect the message text and parsed data from the UserMessage events
+    into a list.
+    """
+    import rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.util as rasa_nlu_training_data_utils
+
+    messages = []
+
+    for event in events:
+        if event.get("event") == UserUttered.type_name:
+            data = event.get("parse_data", {})
+            rasa_nlu_training_data_utils.remove_untrainable_entities_from(data)
+            msg = Message.build(
+                data["text"], data["intent"][INTENT_NAME_KEY], data["entities"]
+            )
+            messages.append(msg)
+        elif event.get("event") == UserUtteranceReverted.type_name and messages:
+            messages.pop()  # user corrected the nlu, remove incorrect example
+
+    return messages
+
+
+def _collect_actions(events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    """Collect all the `ActionExecuted` events into a list."""
+    return [evt for evt in events if evt.get("event") == ActionExecuted.type_name]
+
+
+def _write_stories_to_file(
+    export_story_path: Text, events: List[Dict[Text, Any]], domain: Domain
+) -> None:
+    """Write the conversation of the conversation_id to the file paths."""
+    from rasa.shared.core.training_data.story_writer.yaml_story_writer import (
+        YAMLStoryWriter,
+    )
+
+    sub_conversations = _split_conversation_at_restarts(events)
+    io_utils.create_path(export_story_path)
+
+    if rasa.shared.data.is_likely_yaml_file(export_story_path):
+        writer = YAMLStoryWriter()
+
+    should_append_stories = False
+    if os.path.exists(export_story_path):
+        append_write = "a"  # append if already exists
+        should_append_stories = True
+    else:
+        append_write = "w"  # make a new file if not
+
+    with open(
+        export_story_path, append_write, encoding=rasa.shared.utils.io.DEFAULT_ENCODING
+    ) as f:
+        interactive_story_counter = 1
+        for conversation in sub_conversations:
+            parsed_events = rasa.shared.core.events.deserialise_events(conversation)
+            tracker = DialogueStateTracker.from_events(
+                f"interactive_story_{interactive_story_counter}",
+                evts=parsed_events,
+                slots=domain.slots,
+            )
+
+            if any(
+                isinstance(event, UserUttered) for event in tracker.applied_events()
+            ):
+                interactive_story_counter += 1
+                f.write(
+                    "\n"
+                    + tracker.export_stories(
+                        writer=writer,
+                        should_append_stories=should_append_stories,
+                        e2e=SAVE_IN_E2E,
+                    )
+                )
+
+
+def _filter_messages(msgs: List[Message]) -> List[Message]:
+    """Filter messages removing those that start with INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX."""
+    filtered_messages = []
+    for msg in msgs:
+        if not msg.get(TEXT).startswith(INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX):
+            filtered_messages.append(msg)
+    return filtered_messages
+
+
+def _write_nlu_to_file(export_nlu_path: Text, events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> None:
+    """Write the nlu data of the conversation_id to the file paths."""
+    from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.training_data import TrainingData
+
+    msgs = _collect_messages(events)
+    msgs = _filter_messages(msgs)
+
+    # noinspection PyBroadException
+    try:
+        previous_examples = loading.load_data(export_nlu_path)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.debug(f"An exception occurred while trying to load the NLU data. {e!s}")
+        # No previous file exists, use empty training data as replacement.
+        previous_examples = TrainingData()
+
+    nlu_data = previous_examples.merge(TrainingData(msgs))
+
+    # need to guess the format of the file before opening it to avoid a read
+    # in a write
+    nlu_format = _get_nlu_target_format(export_nlu_path)
+    if nlu_format == RASA_YAML:
+        stringified_training_data = nlu_data.nlu_as_yaml()
+    else:
+        stringified_training_data = nlu_data.nlu_as_json()
+
+    rasa.shared.utils.io.write_text_file(stringified_training_data, export_nlu_path)
+
+
+def _get_nlu_target_format(export_path: Text) -> Text:
+    guessed_format = loading.guess_format(export_path)
+
+    if guessed_format not in {RASA, RASA_YAML}:
+        if rasa.shared.data.is_likely_json_file(export_path):
+            guessed_format = RASA
+        elif rasa.shared.data.is_likely_yaml_file(export_path):
+            guessed_format = RASA_YAML
+
+    return guessed_format
+
+
+def _entities_from_messages(messages: List[Message]) -> List[Text]:
+    """Return all entities that occur in at least one of the messages."""
+    return list({e["entity"] for m in messages for e in m.data.get("entities", [])})
+
+
+def _intents_from_messages(messages: List[Message]) -> Set[Text]:
+    """Return all intents that occur in at least one of the messages."""
+    # set of distinct intents
+    distinct_intents = {m.data["intent"] for m in messages if "intent" in m.data}
+
+    return distinct_intents
+
+
+def _write_domain_to_file(
+    domain_path: Text, events: List[Dict[Text, Any]], old_domain: Domain
+) -> None:
+    """Write an updated domain file to the file path."""
+    io_utils.create_path(domain_path)
+
+    messages = _collect_messages(events)
+    actions = _collect_actions(events)
+    responses = NEW_RESPONSES
+
+    # TODO for now there is no way to distinguish between action and form
+    collected_actions = list(
+        {
+            e["name"]
+            for e in actions
+            if e["name"] not in rasa.shared.core.constants.DEFAULT_ACTION_NAMES
+            and e["name"] not in old_domain.form_names
+        }
+    )
+
+    new_domain = Domain.from_dict(
+        {
+            KEY_INTENTS: list(_intents_from_messages(messages)),
+            KEY_ENTITIES: _entities_from_messages(messages),
+            KEY_RESPONSES: responses,
+            KEY_ACTIONS: collected_actions,
+        }
+    )
+
+    old_domain.merge(new_domain).persist(domain_path)
+
+
+async def _predict_till_next_listen(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    conversation_ids: List[Text],
+    plot_file: Optional[Text],
+) -> None:
+    """Predict and validate actions until we need to wait for a user message."""
+    listen = False
+    while not listen:
+        result = await request_prediction(endpoint, conversation_id)
+        if result is None:
+            result = {}
+
+        predictions = result.get("scores", [])
+        if not predictions:
+            raise InvalidConfigException(
+                "Cannot continue as no action was predicted by the dialogue manager. "
+                "This can happen if you trained the assistant with no policy included "
+                "in the configuration. If so, please re-train the assistant with at "
+                f"least one policy ({DOCS_URL_NLU_BASED_POLICIES}) "
+                "included in the configuration."
+            )
+
+        probabilities = [prediction["score"] for prediction in predictions]
+        pred_out = int(np.argmax(probabilities))
+        action_name = predictions[pred_out].get("action")
+        policy = result.get("policy")
+        confidence = result.get("confidence")
+
+        await _print_history(conversation_id, endpoint)
+        await _plot_trackers(
+            conversation_ids,
+            plot_file,
+            endpoint,
+            unconfirmed=[ActionExecuted(action_name)],
+        )
+
+        listen = await _validate_action(
+            action_name, policy, confidence, predictions, endpoint, conversation_id
+        )
+
+        await _plot_trackers(conversation_ids, plot_file, endpoint)
+
+    tracker_dump = await retrieve_tracker(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.AFTER_RESTART
+    )
+    events = tracker_dump.get("events", [])
+
+    if len(events) >= 2:
+        last_event = events[-2]  # last event before action_listen
+
+        # if bot message includes buttons the user will get a list choice to reply
+        # the list choice is displayed in place of action listen
+        if last_event.get("event") == BotUttered.type_name and last_event["data"].get(
+            "buttons", None
+        ):
+            user_selection = await _get_button_choice(last_event)
+            if user_selection != rasa.cli.utils.FREE_TEXT_INPUT_PROMPT:
+                await send_message(endpoint, conversation_id, user_selection)
+
+
+async def _get_button_choice(last_event: Dict[Text, Any]) -> Text:
+    data = last_event["data"]
+    message = last_event.get("text", "")
+
+    choices = rasa.cli.utils.button_choices_from_message_data(
+        data, allow_free_text_input=True
+    )
+    question = questionary.select(message, choices)
+    return await rasa.cli.utils.payload_from_button_question(question)
+
+
+async def _correct_wrong_nlu(
+    corrected_nlu: Dict[Text, Any],
+    events: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+) -> None:
+    """A wrong NLU prediction got corrected, update core's tracker."""
+    revert_latest_user_utterance = UserUtteranceReverted().as_dict()
+    # `UserUtteranceReverted` also removes the `ACTION_LISTEN` event before, hence we
+    # have to replay it.
+    listen_for_next_message = ActionExecuted(ACTION_LISTEN_NAME).as_dict()
+    corrected_message = latest_user_message(events)
+
+    if corrected_message is None:
+        raise Exception("Failed to correct NLU data. User message not found.")
+
+    corrected_message["parse_data"] = corrected_nlu
+    await send_event(
+        endpoint,
+        conversation_id,
+        [revert_latest_user_utterance, listen_for_next_message, corrected_message],
+    )
+
+
+async def _correct_wrong_action(
+    corrected_action: Text,
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    is_new_action: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """A wrong action prediction got corrected, update core's tracker."""
+    await send_action(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, corrected_action, is_new_action=is_new_action
+    )
+
+
+def _form_is_rejected(action_name: Text, tracker: Dict[Text, Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check if the form got rejected with the most recent action name."""
+    return (
+        tracker.get(ACTIVE_LOOP, {}).get(LOOP_NAME)
+        and action_name != tracker[ACTIVE_LOOP][LOOP_NAME]
+        and action_name != ACTION_LISTEN_NAME
+    )
+
+
+def _form_is_restored(action_name: Text, tracker: Dict[Text, Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check whether the form is called again after it was rejected."""
+    return (
+        tracker.get(ACTIVE_LOOP, {}).get(LOOP_REJECTED)
+        and tracker.get("latest_action_name") == ACTION_LISTEN_NAME
+        and action_name == tracker.get(ACTIVE_LOOP, {}).get(LOOP_NAME)
+    )
+
+
+async def _confirm_form_validation(
+    action_name: Text,
+    tracker: Dict[Text, Any],
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+) -> None:
+    """Ask a user whether an input for a form should be validated.
+
+    Previous to this call, the active form was chosen after it was rejected.
+    """
+    requested_slot = tracker.get("slots", {}).get(REQUESTED_SLOT)
+
+    validation_questions = questionary.confirm(
+        f"Should '{action_name}' validate user input to fill "
+        f"the slot '{requested_slot}'?"
+    )
+    validate_input = await _ask_questions(
+        validation_questions, conversation_id, endpoint
+    )
+
+    if not validate_input:
+        # notify form action to skip validation
+        await send_event(
+            endpoint,
+            conversation_id,
+            {
+                "event": rasa.shared.core.events.LoopInterrupted.type_name,
+                LOOP_INTERRUPTED: True,
+            },
+        )
+
+    elif tracker.get(ACTIVE_LOOP, {}).get(LOOP_INTERRUPTED):
+        # handle contradiction with learned behaviour
+        warning_question = questionary.confirm(
+            "ERROR: FormPolicy predicted no form validation "
+            "based on previous training stories. "
+            "Make sure to remove contradictory stories "
+            "from training data. "
+            "Otherwise predicting no form validation "
+            "will not work as expected."
+        )
+
+        await _ask_questions(warning_question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+        # notify form action to validate an input
+        await send_event(
+            endpoint,
+            conversation_id,
+            {
+                "event": rasa.shared.core.events.LoopInterrupted.type_name,
+                LOOP_INTERRUPTED: False,
+            },
+        )
+
+
+async def _validate_action(
+    action_name: Text,
+    policy: Text,
+    confidence: float,
+    predictions: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+) -> bool:
+    """Query the user to validate if an action prediction is correct.
+
+    Returns `True` if the prediction is correct, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    if action_name == ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME:
+        question = questionary.confirm(
+            f"The bot wants to run '{action_name}' "
+            f"to indicate that the last user message was unexpected "
+            f"at this point in the conversation. "
+            f"Check out UnexpecTEDIntentPolicy "
+            f"({DOCS_URL_NLU_BASED_POLICIES}#unexpected-intent-policy) "
+            f"to learn more. Is that correct?"
+        )
+    else:
+        question = questionary.confirm(
+            f"The bot wants to run '{action_name}', correct?"
+        )
+
+    is_correct = await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+    if not is_correct and action_name != ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME:
+        action_name, is_new_action = await _request_action_from_user(
+            predictions, conversation_id, endpoint
+        )
+    else:
+        is_new_action = False
+
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.AFTER_RESTART
+    )
+
+    if _form_is_rejected(action_name, tracker):
+        # notify the tracker that form was rejected
+        await send_event(
+            endpoint,
+            conversation_id,
+            {
+                "event": "action_execution_rejected",
+                LOOP_NAME: tracker[ACTIVE_LOOP][LOOP_NAME],
+            },
+        )
+
+    elif _form_is_restored(action_name, tracker):
+        await _confirm_form_validation(action_name, tracker, endpoint, conversation_id)
+
+    if not is_correct:
+        await _correct_wrong_action(
+            action_name, endpoint, conversation_id, is_new_action=is_new_action
+        )
+    else:
+        await send_action(endpoint, conversation_id, action_name, policy, confidence)
+
+    return action_name == ACTION_LISTEN_NAME
+
+
+def _as_md_message(parse_data: Dict[Text, Any]) -> Text:
+    """Display the parse data of a message in markdown format."""
+    from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.formats.readerwriter import TrainingDataWriter
+
+    if parse_data.get("text", "").startswith(INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX):
+        return parse_data["text"]
+
+    if not parse_data.get("entities"):
+        parse_data["entities"] = []
+
+    return TrainingDataWriter.generate_message(parse_data)
+
+
+def _validate_user_regex(latest_message: Dict[Text, Any], intents: List[Text]) -> bool:
+    """Validate if a users message input is correct.
+
+    This assumes the user entered an intent directly, e.g. using
+    `/greet`. Return `True` if the intent is a known one.
+    """
+    parse_data = latest_message.get("parse_data", {})
+    intent = parse_data.get("intent", {}).get(INTENT_NAME_KEY)
+
+    if intent in intents:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _validate_user_text(
+    latest_message: Dict[Text, Any], endpoint: EndpointConfig, conversation_id: Text
+) -> bool:
+    """Validate a user message input as free text.
+
+    This assumes the user message is a text message (so NOT `/greet`).
+    """
+    parse_data = latest_message.get("parse_data", {})
+    text = _as_md_message(parse_data)
+    intent = parse_data.get("intent", {}).get(INTENT_NAME_KEY)
+    entities = parse_data.get("entities", [])
+    if entities:
+        message = (
+            f"Is the intent '{intent}' correct for '{text}' and are "
+            f"all entities labeled correctly?"
+        )
+    else:
+        message = (
+            f"Your NLU model classified '{text}' with intent '{intent}'"
+            f" and there are no entities, is this correct?"
+        )
+
+    if intent is None:
+        print(f"The NLU classification for '{text}' returned '{intent}'")
+        return False
+    else:
+        question = questionary.confirm(message)
+
+        return await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+
+async def _validate_nlu(
+    intents: List[Text], endpoint: EndpointConfig, conversation_id: Text
+) -> None:
+    """Validate if a user message, either text or intent is correct.
+
+    If the prediction of the latest user message is incorrect,
+    the tracker will be corrected with the correct intent / entities.
+    """
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(
+        endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.AFTER_RESTART
+    )
+
+    latest_message = latest_user_message(tracker.get("events", [])) or {}
+
+    if latest_message.get("text", "").startswith(INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX):
+        valid = _validate_user_regex(latest_message, intents)
+    else:
+        valid = await _validate_user_text(latest_message, endpoint, conversation_id)
+
+    if not valid:
+        corrected_intent = await _request_intent_from_user(
+            latest_message, intents, conversation_id, endpoint
+        )
+        # corrected intents have confidence 1.0
+        corrected_intent["confidence"] = 1.0
+
+        events = tracker.get("events", [])
+
+        entities = await _correct_entities(latest_message, endpoint, conversation_id)
+        corrected_nlu = {
+            "intent": corrected_intent,
+            "entities": entities,
+            "text": latest_message.get("text"),
+        }
+
+        await _correct_wrong_nlu(corrected_nlu, events, endpoint, conversation_id)
+
+
+async def _correct_entities(
+    latest_message: Dict[Text, Any], endpoint: EndpointConfig, conversation_id: Text
+) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    """Validate the entities of a user message.
+
+    Returns the corrected entities.
+    """
+    from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data import entities_parser
+
+    parse_original = latest_message.get("parse_data", {})
+    entity_str = _as_md_message(parse_original)
+    question = questionary.text(
+        "Please mark the entities using [value](type) notation", default=entity_str
+    )
+
+    annotation = await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint)
+    parse_annotated = entities_parser.parse_training_example(annotation)
+
+    corrected_entities = _merge_annotated_and_original_entities(
+        parse_annotated, parse_original
+    )
+
+    return corrected_entities
+
+
+def _merge_annotated_and_original_entities(
+    parse_annotated: Message, parse_original: Dict[Text, Any]
+) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    # overwrite entities which have already been
+    # annotated in the original annotation to preserve
+    # additional entity parser information
+    entities = parse_annotated.get("entities", [])[:]
+    for i, entity in enumerate(entities):
+        for original_entity in parse_original.get("entities", []):
+            if _is_same_entity_annotation(entity, original_entity):
+                entities[i] = original_entity
+                break
+    return entities
+
+
+def _is_same_entity_annotation(entity: Dict[Text, Any], other: Dict[Text, Any]) -> bool:
+    return (
+        entity["value"] == other["value"]
+        and entity["entity"] == other["entity"]
+        and entity.get("group") == other.get("group")
+        and entity.get("role") == other.get("group")
+    )
+
+
+async def _enter_user_message(conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> None:
+    """Request a new message from the user."""
+    question = questionary.text("Your input ->")
+
+    message = await _ask_questions(question, conversation_id, endpoint, lambda a: not a)
+
+    if message == (INTENT_MESSAGE_PREFIX + USER_INTENT_RESTART):
+        raise RestartConversation()
+
+    await send_message(endpoint, conversation_id, message)
+
+
+async def is_listening_for_message(
+    conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if the conversation is in need for a user message."""
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.APPLIED)
+
+    for i, e in enumerate(reversed(tracker.get("events", []))):
+        if e.get("event") == UserUttered.type_name:
+            return False
+        elif e.get("event") == ActionExecuted.type_name:
+            return e.get("name") == ACTION_LISTEN_NAME
+    return False
+
+
+async def _undo_latest(conversation_id: Text, endpoint: EndpointConfig) -> None:
+    """Undo either the latest bot action or user message, whatever is last."""
+    tracker = await retrieve_tracker(endpoint, conversation_id, EventVerbosity.ALL)
+
+    # Get latest `UserUtterance` or `ActionExecuted` event.
+    last_event_type = None
+    for i, e in enumerate(reversed(tracker.get("events", []))):
+        last_event_type = e.get("event")
+        if last_event_type in {ActionExecuted.type_name, UserUttered.type_name}:
+            break
+        elif last_event_type == Restarted.type_name:
+            break
+
+    if last_event_type == ActionExecuted.type_name:
+        undo_action = ActionReverted().as_dict()
+        await send_event(endpoint, conversation_id, undo_action)
+    elif last_event_type == UserUttered.type_name:
+        undo_user_message = UserUtteranceReverted().as_dict()
+        listen_for_next_message = ActionExecuted(ACTION_LISTEN_NAME).as_dict()
+
+        await send_event(
+            endpoint, conversation_id, [undo_user_message, listen_for_next_message]
+        )
+
+
+async def _fetch_events(
+    conversation_ids: List[Union[Text, List[Event]]], endpoint: EndpointConfig
+) -> List[List[Event]]:
+    """Retrieve all event trackers from the endpoint for all conversation ids."""
+    event_sequences = []
+    for conversation_id in conversation_ids:
+        if isinstance(conversation_id, str):
+            tracker = await retrieve_tracker(endpoint, conversation_id)
+            events = tracker.get("events", [])
+
+            for conversation in _split_conversation_at_restarts(events):
+                parsed_events = rasa.shared.core.events.deserialise_events(conversation)
+                event_sequences.append(parsed_events)
+        else:
+            event_sequences.append(conversation_id)
+    return event_sequences
+
+
+async def _plot_trackers(
+    conversation_ids: List[Union[Text, List[Event]]],
+    output_file: Optional[Text],
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    unconfirmed: Optional[List[Event]] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Create a plot of the trackers of the passed conversation ids.
+
+    This assumes that the last conversation id is the conversation we are currently
+    working on. If there are events that are not part of this active tracker
+    yet, they can be passed as part of `unconfirmed`. They will be appended
+    to the currently active conversation.
+    """
+    if not output_file or not conversation_ids:
+        # if there is no output file provided, we are going to skip plotting
+        # same happens if there are no conversation ids
+        return
+
+    event_sequences = await _fetch_events(conversation_ids, endpoint)
+
+    if unconfirmed:
+        event_sequences[-1].extend(unconfirmed)
+
+    graph = visualize_neighborhood(
+        event_sequences[-1], event_sequences, output_file=None, max_history=2
+    )
+
+    from networkx.drawing.nx_pydot import write_dot
+
+    with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        write_dot(graph, f)
+
+
+def _print_help(skip_visualization: bool) -> None:
+    """Print some initial help message for the user."""
+    if not skip_visualization:
+        visualization_url = DEFAULT_SERVER_FORMAT.format(
+            "http", DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT + 1
+        )
+        visualization_help = (
+            f"Visualisation at {visualization_url}/visualization.html ."
+        )
+    else:
+        visualization_help = ""
+
+    rasa.shared.utils.cli.print_success(
+        f"Bot loaded. {visualization_help}\n"
+        f"Type a message and press enter "
+        f"(press 'Ctrl-c' to exit)."
+    )
+
+
+def intent_names_from_domain(domain: Any) -> List[Text]:
+    """Get a list of the possible intents names from the domain specification.
+
+    This is its own function as intents are non-trivial to unpack and this
+    warrants testing.
+    """
+    domain_intents = domain.get("intents", []) if domain is not None else []
+
+    # intents with properties such as `use_entities` or `ignore_entities`
+    # are a dictionary which needs unpacking. Other intents are strings
+    # and can be used as-is.
+    return [next(iter(i)) if isinstance(i, dict) else i for i in domain_intents]
+
+
+async def record_messages(
+    endpoint: EndpointConfig,
+    file_importer: TrainingDataImporter,
+    conversation_id: Text = DEFAULT_SENDER_ID,
+    max_message_limit: Optional[int] = None,
+    skip_visualization: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Read messages from the command line and print bot responses."""
+    try:
+        try:
+            domain = await retrieve_domain(endpoint)
+        except ClientError:
+            logger.exception(
+                f"Failed to connect to Rasa Core server at '{endpoint.url}'. "
+                f"Is the server running?"
+            )
+            return
+
+        intents = intent_names_from_domain(domain)
+
+        num_messages = 0
+
+        if not skip_visualization:
+            events_including_current_user_id = _get_tracker_events_to_plot(
+                domain, file_importer, conversation_id
+            )
+
+            plot_file = DEFAULT_STORY_GRAPH_FILE
+            await _plot_trackers(events_including_current_user_id, plot_file, endpoint)
+        else:
+            # `None` means that future `_plot_trackers` calls will also skip the
+            # visualization.
+            plot_file = None
+            events_including_current_user_id = []
+
+        _print_help(skip_visualization)
+
+        while not utils.is_limit_reached(num_messages, max_message_limit):
+            try:
+                if await is_listening_for_message(conversation_id, endpoint):
+                    await _enter_user_message(conversation_id, endpoint)
+                    await _validate_nlu(intents, endpoint, conversation_id)
+
+                await _predict_till_next_listen(
+                    endpoint,
+                    conversation_id,
+                    events_including_current_user_id,
+                    plot_file,
+                )
+
+                num_messages += 1
+            except RestartConversation:
+                await send_event(endpoint, conversation_id, Restarted().as_dict())
+
+                await send_event(
+                    endpoint,
+                    conversation_id,
+                    ActionExecuted(ACTION_LISTEN_NAME).as_dict(),
+                )
+
+                logger.info("Restarted conversation, starting a new one.")
+            except UndoLastStep:
+                await _undo_latest(conversation_id, endpoint)
+                await _print_history(conversation_id, endpoint)
+            except ForkTracker:
+                await _print_history(conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+                events_fork = await _request_fork_from_user(conversation_id, endpoint)
+
+                await send_event(endpoint, conversation_id, Restarted().as_dict())
+
+                if events_fork:
+                    for evt in events_fork:
+                        await send_event(endpoint, conversation_id, evt)
+                logger.info("Restarted conversation at fork.")
+
+                await _print_history(conversation_id, endpoint)
+                await _plot_trackers(
+                    events_including_current_user_id, plot_file, endpoint
+                )
+
+    except Abort:
+        return
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception("An exception occurred while recording messages.")
+        raise
+
+
+def _get_tracker_events_to_plot(
+    domain: Dict[Text, Any], file_importer: TrainingDataImporter, conversation_id: Text
+) -> List[Union[Text, Deque[Event]]]:
+    training_trackers = _get_training_trackers(file_importer, domain)
+    number_of_trackers = len(training_trackers)
+    if number_of_trackers > MAX_NUMBER_OF_TRAINING_STORIES_FOR_VISUALIZATION:
+        rasa.shared.utils.cli.print_warning(
+            f"You have {number_of_trackers} different story paths in "
+            f"your training data. Visualizing them is very resource "
+            f"consuming. Hence, the visualization will only show the stories "
+            f"which you created during interactive learning, but not your "
+            f"training stories."
+        )
+        training_trackers = []
+
+    training_data_events: List[Union[Text, Deque[Event]]] = [
+        t.events for t in training_trackers
+    ]
+    return training_data_events + [conversation_id]
+
+
+def _get_training_trackers(
+    file_importer: TrainingDataImporter, domain: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> List[TrackerWithCachedStates]:
+    from rasa.core import training
+
+    return training.load_data(
+        file_importer,
+        Domain.from_dict(domain),
+        augmentation_factor=0,
+        use_story_concatenation=False,
+    )
+
+
+def _serve_application(
+    app: Sanic,
+    file_importer: TrainingDataImporter,
+    skip_visualization: bool,
+    conversation_id: Text,
+    port: int,
+) -> Sanic:
+    """Start a core server and attach the interactive learning IO."""
+    endpoint = EndpointConfig(url=DEFAULT_SERVER_FORMAT.format("http", port))
+
+    @app.after_server_start
+    async def run_interactive_io(running_app: Sanic) -> None:
+        """Small wrapper to shut down the server once cmd io is done."""
+        await record_messages(
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            file_importer=file_importer,
+            skip_visualization=skip_visualization,
+            conversation_id=conversation_id,
+        )
+
+        logger.info("Killing Sanic server now.")
+
+        running_app.stop()  # kill the sanic server
+
+    update_sanic_log_level()
+
+    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=port, legacy=True)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def start_visualization(image_path: Text, port: int) -> None:
+    """Add routes to serve the conversation visualization files."""
+    app = Sanic("rasa_interactive")
+
+    # Reset Sanic warnings filter that allows the triggering of Sanic warnings
+    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning, module=r"sanic.*")
+
+    # noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+    @app.exception(NotFound)
+    async def ignore_404s(request: Request, exception: Exception) -> HTTPResponse:
+        return response.text("Not found", status=404)
+
+    # noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+    @app.route(VISUALIZATION_TEMPLATE_PATH, methods=["GET"])
+    async def visualisation_html(request: Request) -> HTTPResponse:
+        return await response.file(visualization.visualization_html_path())
+
+    # noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+    @app.route("/visualization.dot", methods=["GET"])
+    async def visualisation_png(request: Request) -> HTTPResponse:
+        try:
+            headers = {"Cache-Control": "no-cache"}
+            return await response.file(os.path.abspath(image_path), headers=headers)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return response.text("", 404)
+
+    update_sanic_log_level()
+
+    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=port, access_log=False, legacy=True)
+
+
+def run_interactive_learning(
+    file_importer: TrainingDataImporter,
+    skip_visualization: bool = False,
+    conversation_id: Text = uuid.uuid4().hex,
+    server_args: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Start the interactive learning with the model of the agent."""
+    global SAVE_IN_E2E
+    server_args = server_args or {}
+
+    if server_args.get("nlu_data"):
+        PATHS["nlu"] = server_args["nlu_data"]
+
+    if server_args.get("stories"):
+        PATHS["stories"] = server_args["stories"]
+
+    if server_args.get("domain"):
+        PATHS["domain"] = server_args["domain"]
+
+    port = server_args.get("port", DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT)
+
+    SAVE_IN_E2E = server_args["e2e"]
+
+    if not skip_visualization:
+        visualisation_port = port + 1
+        p = Process(
+            target=start_visualization,
+            args=(DEFAULT_STORY_GRAPH_FILE, visualisation_port),
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        p.start()
+    else:
+        p = None
+
+    app = run.configure_app(port=port, conversation_id="default", enable_api=True)
+    endpoints = AvailableEndpoints.get_instance(server_args.get("endpoints"))
+
+    # before_server_start handlers make sure the agent is loaded before the
+    # interactive learning IO starts
+    app.register_listener(
+        partial(run.load_agent_on_start, server_args.get("model"), endpoints, None),
+        "before_server_start",
+    )
+
+    telemetry.track_interactive_learning_start(skip_visualization, SAVE_IN_E2E)
+
+    _serve_application(app, file_importer, skip_visualization, conversation_id, port)
+
+    if not skip_visualization and p is not None:
+        p.terminate()
+        p.join()
+
+
+def calc_true_wrapping_width(text: Text, monospace_wrapping_width: int) -> int:
+    """Calculates a wrapping width that also works for CJK characters.
+
+    Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters are often broader than ascii
+    characters:
+    abcdefgh (8 chars)
+    我要去北京 (5 chars, roughly same visible width)
+
+    We need to account for that otherwise the wrapping doesn't work
+    appropriately for long strings and the table overflows and creates
+    errors.
+
+    params:
+        text: text sequence that should be wrapped into multiple lines
+        monospace_wrapping_width: the maximum width per line in number of
+            standard ascii characters
+    returns:
+        The maximum line width for the given string that takes into account
+        the strings visible width, so that it won't lead to table overflow.
+    """
+    true_wrapping_width = 0
+
+    # testing potential width from longest to shortest
+    for potential_width in range(monospace_wrapping_width, -1, -1):
+        lines = textwrap.wrap(text, potential_width)
+        # test whether all lines' visible width fits the available width
+        if all(
+            [
+                terminaltables.width_and_alignment.visible_width(line)
+                <= monospace_wrapping_width
+                for line in lines
+            ]
+        ):
+            true_wrapping_width = potential_width
+            break
+
+    return true_wrapping_width