rasa-pro 3.12.0.dev1__py3-none-any.whl

rasa/core/actions/action.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1318 @@
+import copy
+import logging
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Text,
+    Tuple,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from jsonschema import Draft202012Validator
+
+import rasa.core
+import rasa.shared.utils.io
+from rasa.core.actions.custom_action_executor import (
+    CustomActionExecutor,
+    NoEndpointCustomActionExecutor,
+    RetryCustomActionExecutor,
+)
+from rasa.core.actions.direct_custom_actions_executor import DirectCustomActionExecutor
+from rasa.core.actions.e2e_stub_custom_action_executor import (
+    E2EStubCustomActionExecutor,
+)
+from rasa.core.actions.grpc_custom_action_executor import GRPCCustomActionExecutor
+from rasa.core.actions.http_custom_action_executor import HTTPCustomActionExecutor
+from rasa.core.constants import (
+    UTTER_SOURCE_METADATA_KEY,
+)
+from rasa.core.policies.policy import PolicyPrediction
+from rasa.core.utils import add_bot_utterance_metadata
+from rasa.e2e_test.constants import KEY_STUB_CUSTOM_ACTIONS
+from rasa.nlu.constants import (
+    RESPONSE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT_INTENT,
+    RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PREDICTION_KEY,
+    RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PROPERTY_NAME,
+    RESPONSE_SELECTOR_UTTER_ACTION_KEY,
+)
+from rasa.shared.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_NLU_FALLBACK_INTENT_NAME,
+    DOCS_BASE_URL,
+    FLOW_PREFIX,
+    ROUTE_TO_CALM_SLOT,
+    UTTER_PREFIX,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.constants import (
+    ACTION_BACK_NAME,
+    ACTION_DEACTIVATE_LOOP_NAME,
+    ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_AFFIRMATION_NAME,
+    ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_REPHRASE_NAME,
+    ACTION_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_NAME,
+    ACTION_EXTRACT_SLOTS,
+    ACTION_LISTEN_NAME,
+    ACTION_RESET_ROUTING,
+    ACTION_RESTART_NAME,
+    ACTION_REVERT_FALLBACK_EVENTS_NAME,
+    ACTION_SEND_TEXT_NAME,
+    ACTION_SESSION_START_NAME,
+    ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME,
+    ACTION_VALIDATE_SLOT_MAPPINGS,
+    DEFAULT_SLOT_NAMES,
+    KNOWLEDGE_BASE_SLOT_NAMES,
+    MAPPING_TYPE,
+    REQUESTED_SLOT,
+    USER_INTENT_OUT_OF_SCOPE,
+    SlotMappingType,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.domain import Domain
+from rasa.shared.core.events import (
+    ActionExecuted,
+    ActiveLoop,
+    BotUttered,
+    Event,
+    Restarted,
+    RoutingSessionEnded,
+    SessionStarted,
+    SlotSet,
+    UserUtteranceReverted,
+    UserUttered,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.flows import FlowsList
+from rasa.shared.core.slot_mappings import (
+    SlotFillingManager,
+    extract_slot_value,
+)
+from rasa.shared.core.trackers import DialogueStateTracker
+from rasa.shared.exceptions import RasaException
+from rasa.shared.nlu.constants import (
+    INTENT_NAME_KEY,
+    INTENT_RANKING_KEY,
+)
+from rasa.shared.utils.io import raise_warning
+from rasa.shared.utils.schemas.events import EVENTS_SCHEMA
+from rasa.utils.endpoints import ClientResponseError, EndpointConfig
+from rasa.utils.url_tools import UrlSchema, get_url_schema
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from rasa.core.channels.channel import OutputChannel
+    from rasa.core.nlg import NaturalLanguageGenerator
+    from rasa.shared.core.events import IntentPrediction
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def default_actions(action_endpoint: Optional[EndpointConfig] = None) -> List["Action"]:
+    """List default actions."""
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_clean_stack import ActionCleanStack
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_run_slot_rejections import ActionRunSlotRejections
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_trigger_chitchat import ActionTriggerChitchat
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_trigger_search import ActionTriggerSearch
+    from rasa.core.actions.two_stage_fallback import TwoStageFallbackAction
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_hangup import ActionHangup
+    from rasa.core.actions.action_repeat_bot_messages import ActionRepeatBotMessages
+    from rasa.dialogue_understanding.patterns.cancel import ActionCancelFlow
+    from rasa.dialogue_understanding.patterns.clarify import ActionClarifyFlows
+    from rasa.dialogue_understanding.patterns.correction import ActionCorrectFlowSlot
+
+    return [
+        ActionListen(),
+        ActionRestart(),
+        ActionSessionStart(),
+        ActionDefaultFallback(),
+        ActionDeactivateLoop(),
+        ActionRevertFallbackEvents(),
+        ActionDefaultAskAffirmation(),
+        ActionDefaultAskRephrase(),
+        TwoStageFallbackAction(action_endpoint),
+        ActionUnlikelyIntent(),
+        ActionSendText(),
+        ActionBack(),
+        ActionExtractSlots(action_endpoint),
+        ActionCancelFlow(),
+        ActionCorrectFlowSlot(),
+        ActionClarifyFlows(),
+        ActionRunSlotRejections(),
+        ActionCleanStack(),
+        ActionTriggerSearch(),
+        ActionTriggerChitchat(),
+        ActionResetRouting(),
+        ActionHangup(),
+        ActionRepeatBotMessages(),
+    ]
+
+
+def action_for_index(
+    index: int,
+    domain: Domain,
+    action_endpoint: Optional[EndpointConfig],
+) -> "Action":
+    """Get an action based on its index in the list of available actions.
+
+    Args:
+        index: The index of the action. This is usually used by `Policy`s as they
+            predict the action index instead of the name.
+        domain: The `Domain` of the current model. The domain contains the actions
+            provided by the user + the default actions.
+        action_endpoint: Can be used to run `custom_actions`
+            (e.g. using the `rasa-sdk`).
+
+    Returns:
+        The instantiated `Action` or `None` if no `Action` was found for the given
+        index.
+    """
+    if domain.num_actions <= index or index < 0:
+        raise IndexError(
+            f"Cannot access action at index {index}. "
+            f"Domain has {domain.num_actions} actions."
+        )
+
+    return action_for_name_or_text(
+        domain.action_names_or_texts[index],
+        domain,
+        action_endpoint,
+    )
+
+
+def is_retrieval_action(action_name: Text, retrieval_intents: List[Text]) -> bool:
+    """Check if an action name is a retrieval action.
+
+    The name for a retrieval action has an extra `utter_` prefix added to
+    the corresponding retrieval intent name.
+
+    Args:
+        action_name: Name of the action.
+        retrieval_intents: List of retrieval intents defined in the NLU training data.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the resolved intent name is present in the list of retrieval
+        intents, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return (
+        ActionRetrieveResponse.intent_name_from_action(action_name) in retrieval_intents
+    )
+
+
+def action_for_name_or_text(
+    action_name_or_text: Text,
+    domain: Domain,
+    action_endpoint: Optional[EndpointConfig],
+) -> "Action":
+    """Retrieves an action by its name or by its text in case it's an end-to-end action.
+
+    Args:
+        action_name_or_text: The name of the action.
+        domain: The current model domain.
+        action_endpoint: The endpoint to execute custom actions.
+
+    Raises:
+        ActionNotFoundException: If action not in current domain.
+
+    Returns:
+        The instantiated action.
+    """
+    if action_name_or_text not in domain.action_names_or_texts:
+        domain.raise_action_not_found_exception(action_name_or_text)
+
+    defaults = {a.name(): a for a in default_actions(action_endpoint)}
+
+    if (
+        action_name_or_text in defaults
+        and action_name_or_text not in domain.user_actions_and_forms
+    ):
+        return defaults[action_name_or_text]
+
+    if action_name_or_text.startswith(UTTER_PREFIX) and is_retrieval_action(
+        action_name_or_text, domain.retrieval_intents
+    ):
+        return ActionRetrieveResponse(action_name_or_text)
+
+    if action_name_or_text in domain.action_texts:
+        return ActionEndToEndResponse(action_name_or_text)
+
+    if action_name_or_text.startswith(UTTER_PREFIX):
+        return ActionBotResponse(action_name_or_text)
+
+    is_form = action_name_or_text in domain.form_names
+    # Users can override the form by defining an action with the same name as the form
+    user_overrode_form_action = is_form and action_name_or_text in domain.user_actions
+    if is_form and not user_overrode_form_action:
+        from rasa.core.actions.forms import FormAction
+
+        return FormAction(action_name_or_text, action_endpoint)
+
+    if action_name_or_text.startswith(FLOW_PREFIX):
+        from rasa.core.actions.action_trigger_flow import ActionTriggerFlow
+
+        return ActionTriggerFlow(action_name_or_text)
+    return RemoteAction(action_name_or_text, action_endpoint)
+
+
+def create_bot_utterance(message: Dict[Text, Any]) -> BotUttered:
+    """Create BotUttered event from message."""
+    bot_message = BotUttered(
+        text=message.pop("text", None),
+        data={
+            "elements": message.pop("elements", None),
+            "quick_replies": message.pop("quick_replies", None),
+            "buttons": message.pop("buttons", None),
+            # for legacy / compatibility reasons we need to set the image
+            # to be the attachment if there is no other attachment (the
+            # `.get` is intentional - no `pop` as we still need the image`
+            # property to set it in the following line)
+            "attachment": message.pop("attachment", None) or message.get("image", None),
+            "image": message.pop("image", None),
+            "custom": message.pop("custom", None),
+        },
+        metadata=message,
+    )
+    return bot_message
+
+
+class Action:
+    """Next action to be taken in response to a dialogue state."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Unique identifier of this simple action."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Execute the side effects of this action.
+
+        Args:
+            nlg: which ``nlg`` to use for response generation
+            output_channel: ``output_channel`` to which to send the resulting message.
+            tracker (DialogueStateTracker): the state tracker for the current
+                user. You can access slot values using
+                ``tracker.get_slot(slot_name)`` and the most recent user
+                message is ``tracker.latest_message.text``.
+            domain (Domain): the bot's domain
+            metadata: Additional information for the action.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of :class:`rasa.core.events.Event` instances
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of form."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}('{self.name()}')"
+
+    def event_for_successful_execution(
+        self, prediction: PolicyPrediction
+    ) -> ActionExecuted:
+        """Event which should be logged for the successful execution of this action.
+
+        Args:
+            prediction: Prediction which led to the execution of this event.
+
+        Returns:
+            Event which should be logged onto the tracker.
+        """
+        return ActionExecuted(
+            self.name(),
+            prediction.policy_name,
+            prediction.max_confidence,
+            hide_rule_turn=prediction.hide_rule_turn,
+            metadata=prediction.action_metadata,
+        )
+
+
+class ActionBotResponse(Action):
+    """An action which only effect is to utter a response when it is run."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: Text, silent_fail: Optional[bool] = False) -> None:
+        """Creates action.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Name of the action.
+            silent_fail: `True` if the action should fail silently in case no response
+                was defined for this action.
+        """
+        self.utter_action = name
+        self.silent_fail = silent_fail
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Simple run implementation uttering a (hopefully defined) response."""
+        kwargs = {
+            "domain_responses": domain.responses,
+        }
+
+        message = await nlg.generate(
+            self.utter_action,
+            tracker,
+            output_channel.name(),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        if message is None:
+            if not self.silent_fail:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Couldn't create message for response '{}'.".format(
+                        self.utter_action
+                    )
+                )
+            return []
+
+        message.update(metadata or {})
+        message = add_bot_utterance_metadata(
+            message, self.utter_action, nlg, domain, tracker
+        )
+        return [create_bot_utterance(message)]
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action name."""
+        return self.utter_action
+
+
+class ActionEndToEndResponse(Action):
+    """Action to utter end-to-end responses to the user."""
+
+    def __init__(self, action_text: Text) -> None:
+        """Creates action.
+
+        Args:
+            action_text: Text of end-to-end bot response.
+        """
+        self.action_text = action_text
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action name."""
+        # In case of an end-to-end action there is no label (aka name) for the action.
+        # We fake a name by returning the text which the bot sends back to the user.
+        return self.action_text
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action (see parent class for full docstring)."""
+        message = {"text": self.action_text}
+        return [create_bot_utterance(message)]
+
+    def event_for_successful_execution(
+        self, prediction: PolicyPrediction
+    ) -> ActionExecuted:
+        """Event which should be logged for the successful execution of this action.
+
+        Args:
+            prediction: Prediction which led to the execution of this event.
+
+        Returns:
+            Event which should be logged onto the tracker.
+        """
+        return ActionExecuted(
+            policy=prediction.policy_name,
+            confidence=prediction.max_confidence,
+            action_text=self.action_text,
+            hide_rule_turn=prediction.hide_rule_turn,
+            metadata=prediction.action_metadata,
+        )
+
+
+class ActionRetrieveResponse(ActionBotResponse):
+    """An action which queries the Response Selector for the appropriate response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: Text, silent_fail: Optional[bool] = False) -> None:
+        """Creates action. See docstring of parent class."""
+        super().__init__(name, silent_fail)
+        self.action_name = name
+        self.silent_fail = silent_fail
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def intent_name_from_action(action_name: Text) -> Text:
+        """Resolve the name of the intent from the action name."""
+        return action_name.split(UTTER_PREFIX)[1]
+
+    def get_full_retrieval_name(
+        self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker"
+    ) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Returns full retrieval name for the action.
+
+        Extracts retrieval intent from response selector and
+        returns complete action utterance name.
+
+        Args:
+            tracker: Tracker containing past conversation events.
+
+        Returns:
+            Full retrieval name of the action if the last user utterance
+            contains a response selector output, `None` otherwise.
+        """
+        latest_message = tracker.latest_message
+
+        if latest_message is None:
+            return None
+
+        if RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PROPERTY_NAME not in latest_message.parse_data:
+            return None
+
+        response_selector_properties = latest_message.parse_data[
+            RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PROPERTY_NAME  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        ]
+
+        if (
+            self.intent_name_from_action(self.action_name)
+            in response_selector_properties
+        ):
+            query_key = self.intent_name_from_action(self.action_name)
+        elif RESPONSE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT_INTENT in response_selector_properties:
+            query_key = RESPONSE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT_INTENT
+        else:
+            return None
+
+        selected = response_selector_properties[query_key]
+        full_retrieval_utter_action = selected[RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PREDICTION_KEY][
+            RESPONSE_SELECTOR_UTTER_ACTION_KEY
+        ]
+        return full_retrieval_utter_action
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Query the appropriate response and create a bot utterance with that."""
+        latest_message = tracker.latest_message
+
+        if latest_message is None:
+            return []
+
+        response_selector_properties = latest_message.parse_data[
+            RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PROPERTY_NAME  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        ]
+
+        if (
+            self.intent_name_from_action(self.action_name)
+            in response_selector_properties
+        ):
+            query_key = self.intent_name_from_action(self.action_name)
+        elif RESPONSE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT_INTENT in response_selector_properties:
+            query_key = RESPONSE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT_INTENT
+        else:
+            if not self.silent_fail:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Couldn't create message for response action '{}'.".format(
+                        self.action_name
+                    )
+                )
+            return []
+
+        logger.debug(f"Picking response from selector of type {query_key}")
+        selected = response_selector_properties[query_key]
+
+        # Override utter action of ActionBotResponse
+        # with the complete utter action retrieved from
+        # the output of response selector.
+        self.utter_action = selected[RESPONSE_SELECTOR_PREDICTION_KEY][
+            RESPONSE_SELECTOR_UTTER_ACTION_KEY
+        ]
+
+        return await super().run(output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain)
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action name."""
+        return self.action_name
+
+
+class ActionBack(ActionBotResponse):
+    """Revert the tracker state by two user utterances."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action back name."""
+        return ACTION_BACK_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initializes action back."""
+        super().__init__("utter_back", silent_fail=True)
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        # only utter the response if it is available
+        evts = await super().run(output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain)
+
+        return evts + [UserUtteranceReverted(), UserUtteranceReverted()]
+
+
+class ActionListen(Action):
+    """The first action in any turn - bot waits for a user message.
+
+    The bot should stop taking further actions and wait for the user to say
+    something.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action listen name."""
+        return ACTION_LISTEN_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        return []
+
+
+class ActionResetRouting(Action):
+    """Resets the tracker to its initial state.
+
+    Utters the restart response if available.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action restart name."""
+        return ACTION_RESET_ROUTING
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        # SlotSet(ROUTE_TO_CALM_SLOT, None) is needed to ensure the routing slot
+        # is really reset to None and not just reset to an initial value
+        return [RoutingSessionEnded(), SlotSet(ROUTE_TO_CALM_SLOT, None)]
+
+
+class ActionRestart(ActionBotResponse):
+    """Resets the tracker to its initial state.
+
+    Utters the restart response if available.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action restart name."""
+        return ACTION_RESTART_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initializes action restart."""
+        super().__init__("utter_restart", silent_fail=True)
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        # only utter the response if it is available
+        evts = await super().run(output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain)
+
+        return evts + [Restarted()]
+
+
+class ActionSessionStart(Action):
+    """Applies a conversation session start.
+
+    Takes all `SlotSet` events from the previous session and applies them to the new
+    session.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action start name."""
+        return ACTION_SESSION_START_NAME
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _slot_set_events_from_tracker(
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+    ) -> List["SlotSet"]:
+        """Fetch SlotSet events from tracker and carry over key, value and metadata."""
+        return [
+            SlotSet(key=event.key, value=event.value, metadata=event.metadata)
+            for event in tracker.applied_events()
+            if isinstance(event, SlotSet)
+        ]
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        _events: List[Event] = [SessionStarted()]
+
+        if domain.session_config.carry_over_slots:
+            _events.extend(self._slot_set_events_from_tracker(tracker))
+
+        _events.append(ActionExecuted(ACTION_LISTEN_NAME))
+
+        return _events
+
+
+class ActionDefaultFallback(ActionBotResponse):
+    """Executes the fallback action and goes back to the prev state of the dialogue."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action default fallback name."""
+        return ACTION_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initializes action default fallback."""
+        super().__init__("utter_default", silent_fail=True)
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        # only utter the response if it is available
+        evts = await super().run(output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain)
+
+        return evts + [UserUtteranceReverted()]
+
+
+class ActionDeactivateLoop(Action):
+    """Deactivates an active loop."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        return ACTION_DEACTIVATE_LOOP_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        return [ActiveLoop(None), SlotSet(REQUESTED_SLOT, None)]
+
+
+class RemoteActionJSONValidator:
+    """
+    A validator class for ensuring that the JSON response from a custom action executor
+    adheres to the expected schema.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def action_response_format_spec() -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Expected response schema for an Action endpoint.
+
+        Used for validation of the response returned from the
+        Action endpoint.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[Text, Any]: A dictionary representing the JSON schema for validation.
+        """
+        schema = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "events": EVENTS_SCHEMA,
+                "responses": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "object"}},
+            },
+        }
+        return schema
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, result: Dict[Text, Any]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Validate the given JSON result against the expected Action response schema.
+
+        This method uses a cached JSON schema validator to check if the provided result
+        conforms to the predefined schema.
+
+        Args:
+            result (Dict[Text, Any]): The JSON response to validate.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if validation is successful.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If the JSON response does not conform to the schema.
+        """
+        from jsonschema import ValidationError
+
+        try:
+            validator = cls.get_action_response_validator()
+            validator.validate(
+                result, RemoteActionJSONValidator.action_response_format_spec()
+            )
+            return True
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            e.message += (
+                f". Failed to validate Action server response from API, "
+                f"make sure your response from the Action endpoint is valid. "
+                f"For more information about the format visit "
+                f"{DOCS_BASE_URL}/custom-actions"
+            )
+            raise e
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def get_action_response_validator(cls) -> Draft202012Validator:
+        """
+        Retrieve a cached JSON schema validator for the Action response schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            Draft202012Validator: An instance of the JSON schema validator.
+        """
+        return Draft202012Validator(cls.action_response_format_spec())
+
+
+class RemoteAction(Action):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Text,
+        action_endpoint: Optional[EndpointConfig] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+        self.action_endpoint = action_endpoint
+        self.executor = self._create_executor()
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def _create_executor(self) -> CustomActionExecutor:
+        """Creates an executor based on the action endpoint configuration.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of CustomActionExecutor.
+
+        Raises:
+            RasaException: If no valid action endpoint is configured.
+        """
+        if not self.action_endpoint:
+            return NoEndpointCustomActionExecutor(self.name())
+
+        if self.action_endpoint.kwargs.get(KEY_STUB_CUSTOM_ACTIONS):
+            return E2EStubCustomActionExecutor(self.name(), self.action_endpoint)
+
+        if self.action_endpoint.url and self.action_endpoint.actions_module:
+            raise_warning(
+                "Both 'actions_module' and 'url' are defined. "
+                "As they are mutually exclusive and 'actions_module' "
+                "is prioritized, actions will be executed by the assistant."
+            )
+
+        if self.action_endpoint and self.action_endpoint.actions_module:
+            return DirectCustomActionExecutor(self.name(), self.action_endpoint)
+
+        url_schema = get_url_schema(self.action_endpoint.url)
+
+        if url_schema == UrlSchema.GRPC:
+            return RetryCustomActionExecutor(
+                GRPCCustomActionExecutor(self.name(), self.action_endpoint)
+            )
+        elif (
+            url_schema == UrlSchema.HTTP
+            or url_schema == UrlSchema.HTTPS
+            or url_schema == UrlSchema.NOT_SPECIFIED
+        ):
+            return RetryCustomActionExecutor(
+                HTTPCustomActionExecutor(self.name(), self.action_endpoint)
+            )
+        raise RasaException(
+            f"Failed to create a custom action executor. "
+            f"Please make sure to include an action endpoint configuration in your "
+            f"endpoints configuration file. Make sure that for grpc, http and https "
+            f"an url schema is set. "
+            f"Found url '{self.action_endpoint.url}'."
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _utter_responses(
+        responses: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> List[BotUttered]:
+        """Use the responses generated by the action endpoint and utter them."""
+        bot_messages = []
+        domain: Domain = kwargs.get("domain", None)
+        action_name: str = kwargs.get("action_name", None)
+        for response in responses:
+            generated_response = response.pop("response", None)
+            if generated_response is not None:
+                draft = await nlg.generate(
+                    generated_response, tracker, output_channel.name(), **response
+                )
+                if not draft:
+                    continue
+                draft = add_bot_utterance_metadata(
+                    draft, generated_response, nlg, domain, tracker
+                )
+            else:
+                draft = {UTTER_SOURCE_METADATA_KEY: action_name}
+
+            buttons = response.pop("buttons", []) or []
+            if buttons:
+                draft.setdefault("buttons", [])
+                draft["buttons"].extend(buttons)
+
+            # Avoid overwriting `draft` values with empty values
+            response = {k: v for k, v in response.items() if v}
+            draft.update(response)
+            bot_messages.append(create_bot_utterance(draft))
+
+        return bot_messages
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        response = await self.executor.run(
+            domain=domain,
+            tracker=tracker,
+        )
+
+        events_json = response.get("events", [])
+        responses = response.get("responses", [])
+        bot_messages = await self._utter_responses(
+            responses,
+            output_channel,
+            nlg,
+            tracker,
+            domain=domain,
+            action_name=self.name(),
+        )
+
+        events = rasa.shared.core.events.deserialise_events(events_json)
+        return cast(List[Event], bot_messages) + events
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        return self._name
+
+
+class ActionRevertFallbackEvents(Action):
+    """Reverts events which were done during the `TwoStageFallbackPolicy`.
+
+    This reverts user messages and bot utterances done during a fallback
+    of the `TwoStageFallbackPolicy`. By doing so it is not necessary to
+    write custom stories for the different paths, but only of the happy
+    path. This is deprecated and can be removed once the
+    `TwoStageFallbackPolicy` is removed.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        return ACTION_REVERT_FALLBACK_EVENTS_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        from rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback import has_user_rephrased
+
+        # User rephrased
+        if has_user_rephrased(tracker):
+            return _revert_successful_rephrasing(tracker)
+        # User affirmed
+        elif has_user_affirmed(tracker):
+            return _revert_affirmation_events(tracker)
+        else:
+            return []
+
+
+class ActionUnlikelyIntent(Action):
+    """An action that indicates that the intent predicted by NLU is unexpected.
+
+    This action can be predicted by `UnexpecTEDIntentPolicy`.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns the name of the action."""
+        return ACTION_UNLIKELY_INTENT_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        return []
+
+
+def has_user_affirmed(tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> bool:
+    """Indicates if the last executed action is `action_default_ask_affirmation`."""
+    return tracker.last_executed_action_has(ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_AFFIRMATION_NAME)
+
+
+def _revert_affirmation_events(tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> List[Event]:
+    revert_events = _revert_single_affirmation_events()
+
+    # User affirms the rephrased intent
+    rephrased_intent = tracker.last_executed_action_has(
+        name=ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_REPHRASE_NAME, skip=1
+    )
+    if rephrased_intent:
+        revert_events += _revert_rephrasing_events()
+
+    last_user_event = tracker.get_last_event_for(UserUttered)
+    if not last_user_event:
+        raise TypeError("Cannot find last event to revert to.")
+
+    last_user_event = copy.deepcopy(last_user_event)
+    # FIXME: better type annotation for `parse_data` would require
+    # a larger refactoring (e.g. switch to dataclass)
+    last_user_event.parse_data["intent"]["confidence"] = 1.0  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+
+    return revert_events + [last_user_event]
+
+
+def _revert_single_affirmation_events() -> List[Event]:
+    return [
+        UserUtteranceReverted(),  # revert affirmation and request
+        # revert original intent (has to be re-added later)
+        UserUtteranceReverted(),
+        # add action listen intent
+        ActionExecuted(action_name=ACTION_LISTEN_NAME),
+    ]
+
+
+def _revert_successful_rephrasing(tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> List[Event]:
+    last_user_event = tracker.get_last_event_for(UserUttered)
+    if not last_user_event:
+        raise TypeError("Cannot find last event to revert to.")
+
+    last_user_event = copy.deepcopy(last_user_event)
+    return _revert_rephrasing_events() + [last_user_event]
+
+
+def _revert_rephrasing_events() -> List[Event]:
+    return [
+        UserUtteranceReverted(),  # remove rephrasing
+        # remove feedback and rephrase request
+        UserUtteranceReverted(),
+        # remove affirmation request and false intent
+        UserUtteranceReverted(),
+        # replace action with action listen
+        ActionExecuted(action_name=ACTION_LISTEN_NAME),
+    ]
+
+
+class ActionDefaultAskAffirmation(Action):
+    """Default implementation which asks the user to affirm his intent.
+
+    It is suggested to overwrite this default action with a custom action
+    to have more meaningful prompts for the affirmations. E.g. have a
+    description of the intent instead of its identifier name.
+    """
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        return ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_AFFIRMATION_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        latest_message = tracker.latest_message
+        if latest_message is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cannot find last user message for detecting fallback affirmation."
+            )
+
+        intent_to_affirm = latest_message.intent.get(INTENT_NAME_KEY)
+
+        # FIXME: better type annotation for `parse_data` would require
+        # a larger refactoring (e.g. switch to dataclass)
+        intent_ranking = cast(
+            List["IntentPrediction"],
+            latest_message.parse_data.get(INTENT_RANKING_KEY) or [],
+        )
+        if (
+            intent_to_affirm == DEFAULT_NLU_FALLBACK_INTENT_NAME
+            and len(intent_ranking) > 1
+        ):
+            intent_to_affirm = intent_ranking[1][INTENT_NAME_KEY]  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+
+        affirmation_message = f"Did you mean '{intent_to_affirm}'?"
+
+        message = {
+            "text": affirmation_message,
+            "buttons": [
+                {"title": "Yes", "payload": f"/{intent_to_affirm}"},
+                {"title": "No", "payload": f"/{USER_INTENT_OUT_OF_SCOPE}"},
+            ],
+            "utter_action": self.name(),
+        }
+
+        return [create_bot_utterance(message)]
+
+
+class ActionDefaultAskRephrase(ActionBotResponse):
+    """Default implementation which asks the user to rephrase his intent."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action default ask rephrase name."""
+        return ACTION_DEFAULT_ASK_REPHRASE_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initializes action default ask rephrase."""
+        super().__init__("utter_ask_rephrase", silent_fail=True)
+
+
+class ActionSendText(Action):
+    """Sends a text message to the output channel."""
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        return ACTION_SEND_TEXT_NAME
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        fallback = {"text": ""}
+        metadata_copy = copy.deepcopy(metadata) if metadata else {}
+        message = metadata_copy.get("message", fallback)
+        return [create_bot_utterance(message)]
+
+
+class ActionExtractSlots(Action):
+    """Default action that runs after each user turn.
+
+    Action is executed automatically in MessageProcessor.handle_message(...)
+    before the next predicted action is run.
+
+    Set slots to extracted values from user message
+    according to assigned slot mappings.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, action_endpoint: Optional[EndpointConfig]) -> None:
+        """Initializes default action extract slots."""
+        self._action_endpoint = action_endpoint
+
+    def name(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns action_extract_slots name."""
+        return ACTION_EXTRACT_SLOTS
+
+    async def _run_custom_action(
+        self,
+        custom_action: Text,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        slot_events: List[Event] = []
+        remote_action = RemoteAction(custom_action, self._action_endpoint)
+        disallowed_types = set()
+
+        try:
+            custom_events = await remote_action.run(
+                output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain
+            )
+            for event in custom_events:
+                if isinstance(event, SlotSet):
+                    slot_events.append(event)
+                elif isinstance(event, BotUttered):
+                    slot_events.append(event)
+                else:
+                    disallowed_types.add(event.type_name)
+        except (RasaException, ClientResponseError) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Failed to execute custom action '{custom_action}' "
+                f"as a result of error '{e!s}'. The default action "
+                f"'{self.name()}' failed to fill slots with custom "
+                f"mappings."
+            )
+
+        for type_name in disallowed_types:
+            logger.info(
+                f"Running custom action '{custom_action}' has resulted "
+                f"in an event of type '{type_name}'. This is "
+                f"disallowed and the tracker will not be "
+                f"updated with this event."
+            )
+
+        return slot_events
+
+    async def _execute_custom_action(
+        self,
+        mapping: Dict[Text, Any],
+        executed_custom_actions: Set[Text],
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        calm_custom_action_names: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[Event], Set[Text]]:
+        custom_action = mapping.get("action")
+
+        if not custom_action or custom_action in executed_custom_actions:
+            return [], executed_custom_actions
+
+        if (
+            calm_custom_action_names is not None
+            and custom_action in calm_custom_action_names
+        ):
+            return [], executed_custom_actions
+
+        slot_events = await self._run_custom_action(
+            custom_action, output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain
+        )
+
+        executed_custom_actions.add(custom_action)
+
+        return slot_events, executed_custom_actions
+
+    async def _execute_validation_action(
+        self,
+        extraction_events: List[Event],
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        slot_events: List[SlotSet] = [
+            event for event in extraction_events if isinstance(event, SlotSet)
+        ]
+
+        slot_candidates = "\n".join([e.key for e in slot_events])
+        logger.debug(f"Validating extracted slots: {slot_candidates}")
+
+        if ACTION_VALIDATE_SLOT_MAPPINGS not in domain.user_actions:
+            return cast(List[Event], slot_events)
+
+        _tracker = DialogueStateTracker.from_events(
+            tracker.sender_id,
+            tracker.events_after_latest_restart() + cast(List[Event], slot_events),
+            slots=domain.slots,
+        )
+        validate_events = await self._run_custom_action(
+            ACTION_VALIDATE_SLOT_MAPPINGS, output_channel, nlg, _tracker, domain
+        )
+        validated_slot_names = [
+            event.key for event in validate_events if isinstance(event, SlotSet)
+        ]
+
+        # If the custom action doesn't return a SlotSet event for an extracted slot
+        # candidate we assume that it was valid. The custom action has to return a
+        # SlotSet(slot_name, None) event to mark a Slot as invalid.
+        return validate_events + [
+            event for event in slot_events if event.key not in validated_slot_names
+        ]
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        output_channel: "OutputChannel",
+        nlg: "NaturalLanguageGenerator",
+        tracker: "DialogueStateTracker",
+        domain: "Domain",
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> List[Event]:
+        """Runs action. Please see parent class for the full docstring."""
+        slot_events: List[Event] = []
+        executed_custom_actions: Set[Text] = set()
+
+        user_slots = [
+            slot
+            for slot in domain.slots
+            if slot.name not in DEFAULT_SLOT_NAMES | KNOWLEDGE_BASE_SLOT_NAMES
+        ]
+
+        calm_slot_names = set()
+        calm_custom_action_names = None
+        flows = None
+
+        if metadata is not None:
+            flows = metadata.get("all_flows")
+
+        if flows is not None:
+            flows = FlowsList.from_json(flows)
+            calm_slot_names = flows.available_slot_names()
+            calm_custom_action_names = flows.available_custom_actions()
+
+        slot_filling_manager = SlotFillingManager(
+            domain, tracker, action_endpoint=self._action_endpoint
+        )
+
+        for slot in user_slots:
+            if slot.name in calm_slot_names:
+                continue
+
+            slot_value, is_extracted = extract_slot_value(slot, slot_filling_manager)
+            if is_extracted:
+                slot_events.append(SlotSet(slot.name, slot_value))
+
+            for mapping in slot.mappings:
+                mapping_type = SlotMappingType(mapping.get(MAPPING_TYPE))
+                should_fill_custom_slot = mapping_type == SlotMappingType.CUSTOM
+
+                if should_fill_custom_slot:
+                    (
+                        custom_evts,
+                        executed_custom_actions,
+                    ) = await self._execute_custom_action(
+                        mapping,
+                        executed_custom_actions,
+                        output_channel,
+                        nlg,
+                        tracker,
+                        domain,
+                        calm_custom_action_names,
+                    )
+                    slot_events.extend(custom_evts)
+
+        validated_events = await self._execute_validation_action(
+            slot_events, output_channel, nlg, tracker, domain
+        )
+        return validated_events