qiskit 1.3.0b1__cp39-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl

qiskit/transpiler/passes/synthesis/unitary_synthesis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2017, 2020.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+=========================================================================================
+Unitary Synthesis Plugin (in :mod:`qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.unitary_synthesis`)
+=========================================================================================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: ../stubs/
+
+   DefaultUnitarySynthesis
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+from math import pi, inf, isclose
+from typing import Any
+from itertools import product
+from functools import partial
+import numpy as np
+
+from qiskit.circuit.controlflow import CONTROL_FLOW_OP_NAMES
+from qiskit.circuit import Gate, Parameter, CircuitInstruction
+from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates import get_standard_gate_name_mapping
+from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates import (
+    iSwapGate,
+    CXGate,
+    CZGate,
+    RXXGate,
+    RZXGate,
+    RZZGate,
+    ECRGate,
+    RXGate,
+    SXGate,
+    XGate,
+    RZGate,
+    UGate,
+    PhaseGate,
+    U1Gate,
+    U2Gate,
+    U3Gate,
+    RYGate,
+    RGate,
+)
+from qiskit.converters import circuit_to_dag, dag_to_circuit
+from qiskit.dagcircuit.dagcircuit import DAGCircuit
+from qiskit.dagcircuit.dagnode import DAGOpNode
+from qiskit.exceptions import QiskitError
+from qiskit.providers.models.backendproperties import BackendProperties
+from qiskit.quantum_info import Operator
+from qiskit.synthesis.one_qubit import one_qubit_decompose
+from qiskit.synthesis.two_qubit.xx_decompose import XXDecomposer, XXEmbodiments
+from qiskit.synthesis.two_qubit.two_qubit_decompose import (
+    TwoQubitBasisDecomposer,
+    TwoQubitWeylDecomposition,
+)
+from qiskit.transpiler.basepasses import TransformationPass
+from qiskit.transpiler.coupling import CouplingMap
+from qiskit.transpiler.exceptions import TranspilerError
+from qiskit.transpiler.passes.optimization.optimize_1q_decomposition import (
+    Optimize1qGatesDecomposition,
+    _possible_decomposers,
+)
+from qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis import plugin
+from qiskit.transpiler.target import Target
+
+
+GATE_NAME_MAP = {
+    "cx": CXGate._standard_gate,
+    "rx": RXGate._standard_gate,
+    "sx": SXGate._standard_gate,
+    "x": XGate._standard_gate,
+    "rz": RZGate._standard_gate,
+    "u": UGate._standard_gate,
+    "p": PhaseGate._standard_gate,
+    "u1": U1Gate._standard_gate,
+    "u2": U2Gate._standard_gate,
+    "u3": U3Gate._standard_gate,
+    "ry": RYGate._standard_gate,
+    "r": RGate._standard_gate,
+}
+
+
+KAK_GATE_NAMES = {
+    "cx": CXGate(),
+    "cz": CZGate(),
+    "iswap": iSwapGate(),
+    "rxx": RXXGate(pi / 2),
+    "ecr": ECRGate(),
+    "rzx": RZXGate(pi / 4),  # typically pi/6 is also available
+}
+
+GateNameToGate = get_standard_gate_name_mapping()
+
+
+def _choose_kak_gate(basis_gates):
+    """Choose the first available 2q gate to use in the KAK decomposition."""
+    kak_gate = None
+    kak_gates = set(basis_gates or []).intersection(KAK_GATE_NAMES.keys())
+    if kak_gates:
+        kak_gate = KAK_GATE_NAMES[kak_gates.pop()]
+
+    return kak_gate
+
+
+def _choose_euler_basis(basis_gates):
+    """Choose the first available 1q basis to use in the Euler decomposition."""
+    basis_set = set(basis_gates or [])
+    decomposers = _possible_decomposers(basis_set)
+    if decomposers:
+        return decomposers[0]
+    return "U"
+
+
+def _find_matching_euler_bases(target, qubit):
+    """Find matching available 1q basis to use in the Euler decomposition."""
+    basis_set = target.operation_names_for_qargs((qubit,))
+    return _possible_decomposers(basis_set)
+
+
+def _choose_bases(basis_gates, basis_dict=None):
+    """Find the matching basis string keys from the list of basis gates from the backend."""
+    if basis_gates is None:
+        basis_set = set()
+    else:
+        basis_set = set(basis_gates)
+
+    if basis_dict is None:
+        basis_dict = one_qubit_decompose.ONE_QUBIT_EULER_BASIS_GATES
+
+    out_basis = []
+    for basis, gates in basis_dict.items():
+        if set(gates).issubset(basis_set):
+            out_basis.append(basis)
+
+    return out_basis
+
+
+def _decomposer_2q_from_basis_gates(basis_gates, pulse_optimize=None, approximation_degree=None):
+    decomposer2q = None
+    kak_gate = _choose_kak_gate(basis_gates)
+    euler_basis = _choose_euler_basis(basis_gates)
+    basis_fidelity = approximation_degree or 1.0
+    if isinstance(kak_gate, RZXGate):
+        backup_optimizer = TwoQubitBasisDecomposer(
+            CXGate(),
+            basis_fidelity=basis_fidelity,
+            euler_basis=euler_basis,
+            pulse_optimize=pulse_optimize,
+        )
+        decomposer2q = XXDecomposer(euler_basis=euler_basis, backup_optimizer=backup_optimizer)
+    elif kak_gate is not None:
+        decomposer2q = TwoQubitBasisDecomposer(
+            kak_gate,
+            basis_fidelity=basis_fidelity,
+            euler_basis=euler_basis,
+            pulse_optimize=pulse_optimize,
+        )
+    return decomposer2q
+
+
+def _error(circuit, target=None, qubits=None):
+    """
+    Calculate a rough error for a `circuit` that runs on specific
+    `qubits` of `target`.
+
+    Use basis errors from target if available, otherwise use length
+    of circuit as a weak proxy for error.
+    """
+    if target is None:
+        if isinstance(circuit, DAGCircuit):
+            return len(circuit.op_nodes())
+        else:
+            return len(circuit)
+    gate_fidelities = []
+    gate_durations = []
+
+    def score_instruction(inst, inst_qubits):
+        try:
+            keys = target.operation_names_for_qargs(inst_qubits)
+            for key in keys:
+                target_op = target.operation_from_name(key)
+                if isinstance(circuit, DAGCircuit):
+                    op = inst.op
+                else:
+                    op = inst.operation
+                if isinstance(target_op, op.base_class) and (
+                    target_op.is_parameterized()
+                    or all(
+                        isclose(float(p1), float(p2)) for p1, p2 in zip(target_op.params, op.params)
+                    )
+                ):
+                    inst_props = target[key].get(inst_qubits, None)
+                    if inst_props is not None:
+                        error = getattr(inst_props, "error", 0.0) or 0.0
+                        duration = getattr(inst_props, "duration", 0.0) or 0.0
+                        gate_fidelities.append(1 - error)
+                        gate_durations.append(duration)
+                    else:
+                        gate_fidelities.append(1.0)
+                        gate_durations.append(0.0)
+
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise KeyError
+        except KeyError as error:
+            if isinstance(circuit, DAGCircuit):
+                op = inst.op
+            else:
+                op = inst.operation
+            raise TranspilerError(
+                f"Encountered a bad synthesis. " f"Target has no {op} on qubits {qubits}."
+            ) from error
+
+    if isinstance(circuit, DAGCircuit):
+        for inst in circuit.topological_op_nodes():
+            inst_qubits = tuple(qubits[circuit.find_bit(q).index] for q in inst.qargs)
+            score_instruction(inst, inst_qubits)
+    else:
+        for inst in circuit:
+            inst_qubits = tuple(qubits[circuit.find_bit(q).index] for q in inst.qubits)
+            score_instruction(inst, inst_qubits)
+    # TODO:return np.sum(gate_durations)
+    return 1 - np.prod(gate_fidelities)
+
+
+def _preferred_direction(
+    decomposer2q, qubits, natural_direction, coupling_map=None, gate_lengths=None, gate_errors=None
+):
+    """
+    `decomposer2q` decomposes an SU(4) over `qubits`. A user sets `natural_direction`
+    to indicate whether they prefer synthesis in a hardware-native direction.
+    If yes, we return the `preferred_direction` here. If no hardware direction is
+    preferred, we raise an error (unless natural_direction is None).
+    We infer this from `coupling_map`, `gate_lengths`, `gate_errors`.
+
+    Returns [0, 1] if qubits are correct in the hardware-native direction.
+    Returns [1, 0] if qubits must be flipped to match hardware-native direction.
+    """
+    qubits_tuple = tuple(qubits)
+    reverse_tuple = qubits_tuple[::-1]
+
+    preferred_direction = None
+    if natural_direction in {None, True}:
+        # find native gate directions from a (non-bidirectional) coupling map
+        if coupling_map is not None:
+            neighbors0 = coupling_map.neighbors(qubits[0])
+            zero_one = qubits[1] in neighbors0
+            neighbors1 = coupling_map.neighbors(qubits[1])
+            one_zero = qubits[0] in neighbors1
+            if zero_one and not one_zero:
+                preferred_direction = [0, 1]
+            if one_zero and not zero_one:
+                preferred_direction = [1, 0]
+        # otherwise infer natural directions from gate durations or gate errors
+        if preferred_direction is None and (gate_lengths or gate_errors):
+            cost_0_1 = inf
+            cost_1_0 = inf
+            try:
+                cost_0_1 = next(
+                    duration
+                    for gate, duration in gate_lengths.get(qubits_tuple, [])
+                    if gate == decomposer2q.gate
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+            try:
+                cost_1_0 = next(
+                    duration
+                    for gate, duration in gate_lengths.get(reverse_tuple, [])
+                    if gate == decomposer2q.gate
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+            if not (cost_0_1 < inf or cost_1_0 < inf):
+                try:
+                    cost_0_1 = next(
+                        error
+                        for gate, error in gate_errors.get(qubits_tuple, [])
+                        if gate == decomposer2q.gate
+                    )
+                except StopIteration:
+                    pass
+                try:
+                    cost_1_0 = next(
+                        error
+                        for gate, error in gate_errors.get(reverse_tuple, [])
+                        if gate == decomposer2q.gate
+                    )
+                except StopIteration:
+                    pass
+            if cost_0_1 < cost_1_0:
+                preferred_direction = [0, 1]
+            elif cost_1_0 < cost_0_1:
+                preferred_direction = [1, 0]
+    if natural_direction is True and preferred_direction is None:
+        raise TranspilerError(
+            f"No preferred direction of gate on qubits {qubits} "
+            "could be determined from coupling map or "
+            "gate lengths / gate errors."
+        )
+    return preferred_direction
+
+
+class UnitarySynthesis(TransformationPass):
+    """Synthesize gates according to their basis gates."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        basis_gates: list[str] = None,
+        approximation_degree: float | None = 1.0,
+        coupling_map: CouplingMap = None,
+        backend_props: BackendProperties = None,
+        pulse_optimize: bool | None = None,
+        natural_direction: bool | None = None,
+        synth_gates: list[str] | None = None,
+        method: str = "default",
+        min_qubits: int = 0,
+        plugin_config: dict = None,
+        target: Target = None,
+    ):
+        """Synthesize unitaries over some basis gates.
+
+        This pass can approximate 2-qubit unitaries given some
+        gate fidelities (either via ``backend_props`` or ``target``).
+        More approximation can be forced by setting a heuristic dial
+        ``approximation_degree``.
+
+        Args:
+            basis_gates (list[str]): List of gate names to target. If this is
+                not specified the ``target`` argument must be used. If both this
+                and the ``target`` are specified the value of ``target`` will
+                be used and this will be ignored.
+            approximation_degree (float): heuristic dial used for circuit approximation
+                (1.0=no approximation, 0.0=maximal approximation). Approximation can
+                make the synthesized circuit cheaper at the cost of straying from
+                the original unitary. If None, approximation is done based on gate fidelities.
+            coupling_map (CouplingMap): the coupling map of the backend
+                in case synthesis is done on a physical circuit. The
+                directionality of the coupling_map will be taken into
+                account if ``pulse_optimize`` is ``True``/``None`` and ``natural_direction``
+                is ``True``/``None``.
+            backend_props (BackendProperties): Properties of a backend to
+                synthesize for (e.g. gate fidelities).
+            pulse_optimize (bool): Whether to optimize pulses during
+                synthesis. A value of ``None`` will attempt it but fall
+                back if it does not succeed. A value of ``True`` will raise
+                an error if pulse-optimized synthesis does not succeed.
+            natural_direction (bool): Whether to apply synthesis considering
+                directionality of 2-qubit gates. Only applies when
+                ``pulse_optimize`` is ``True`` or ``None``. The natural direction is
+                determined by first checking to see whether the
+                coupling map is unidirectional.  If there is no
+                coupling map or the coupling map is bidirectional,
+                the gate direction with the shorter
+                duration from the backend properties will be used. If
+                set to True, and a natural direction can not be
+                determined, raises :class:`.TranspilerError`. If set to None, no
+                exception will be raised if a natural direction can
+                not be determined.
+            synth_gates (list[str]): List of gates to synthesize. If None and
+                ``pulse_optimize`` is False or None, default to
+                ``['unitary']``. If ``None`` and ``pulse_optimize == True``,
+                default to ``['unitary', 'swap']``
+            method (str): The unitary synthesis method plugin to use.
+            min_qubits: The minimum number of qubits in the unitary to synthesize. If this is set
+                and the unitary is less than the specified number of qubits it will not be
+                synthesized.
+            plugin_config: Optional extra configuration arguments (as a ``dict``)
+                which are passed directly to the specified unitary synthesis
+                plugin. By default, this will have no effect as the default
+                plugin has no extra arguments. Refer to the documentation of
+                your unitary synthesis plugin on how to use this.
+            target: The optional :class:`~.Target` for the target device the pass
+                is compiling for. If specified this will supersede the values
+                set for ``basis_gates``, ``coupling_map``, and ``backend_props``.
+
+        Raises:
+            TranspilerError: if ``method`` was specified but is not found in the
+                installed plugins list. The list of installed plugins can be queried with
+                :func:`~qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.plugin.unitary_synthesis_plugin_names`
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self._basis_gates = set(basis_gates or ())
+        self._approximation_degree = approximation_degree
+        self._min_qubits = min_qubits
+        self.method = method
+        self.plugins = None
+        if method != "default":
+            self.plugins = plugin.UnitarySynthesisPluginManager()
+        self._coupling_map = coupling_map
+        self._backend_props = backend_props
+        self._pulse_optimize = pulse_optimize
+        self._natural_direction = natural_direction
+        self._plugin_config = plugin_config
+        self._target = target
+        if target is not None:
+            self._coupling_map = self._target.build_coupling_map()
+        if synth_gates:
+            self._synth_gates = synth_gates
+        else:
+            if pulse_optimize:
+                self._synth_gates = ["unitary", "swap"]
+            else:
+                self._synth_gates = ["unitary"]
+
+        self._synth_gates = set(self._synth_gates) - self._basis_gates
+
+        if self.method != "default" and self.method not in self.plugins.ext_plugins:
+            raise TranspilerError(f"Specified method '{self.method}' not found in plugin list")
+
+    def run(self, dag: DAGCircuit) -> DAGCircuit:
+        """Run the UnitarySynthesis pass on ``dag``.
+
+        Args:
+            dag: input dag.
+
+        Returns:
+            Output dag with UnitaryGates synthesized to target basis.
+        """
+
+        # If there aren't any gates to synthesize in the circuit we can skip all the iteration
+        # and just return.
+        if not set(self._synth_gates).intersection(dag.count_ops()):
+            return dag
+
+        if self.plugins:
+            plugin_method = self.plugins.ext_plugins[self.method].obj
+        else:
+            plugin_method = DefaultUnitarySynthesis()
+        plugin_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"config": self._plugin_config}
+        _gate_lengths = _gate_errors = None
+        _gate_lengths_by_qubit = _gate_errors_by_qubit = None
+
+        if self.method == "default":
+            # If the method is the default, we only need to evaluate one set of keyword arguments.
+            # To simplify later logic, and avoid cases where static analysis might complain that we
+            # haven't initialized the "default" handler, we rebind the names so they point to the
+            # same object as the chosen method.
+            default_method = plugin_method
+            default_kwargs = plugin_kwargs
+            method_list = [(plugin_method, plugin_kwargs)]
+        else:
+            # If the method is not the default, we still need to initialise the default plugin's
+            # keyword arguments in case we have to fall back on it during the actual run.
+            default_method = self.plugins.ext_plugins["default"].obj
+            default_kwargs = {}
+            method_list = [(plugin_method, plugin_kwargs), (default_method, default_kwargs)]
+
+        for method, kwargs in method_list:
+            if method.supports_basis_gates:
+                kwargs["basis_gates"] = self._basis_gates
+            if method.supports_natural_direction:
+                kwargs["natural_direction"] = self._natural_direction
+            if method.supports_pulse_optimize:
+                kwargs["pulse_optimize"] = self._pulse_optimize
+            if method.supports_gate_lengths:
+                _gate_lengths = _gate_lengths or _build_gate_lengths(
+                    self._backend_props, self._target
+                )
+                kwargs["gate_lengths"] = _gate_lengths
+            if method.supports_gate_errors:
+                _gate_errors = _gate_errors or _build_gate_errors(self._backend_props, self._target)
+                kwargs["gate_errors"] = _gate_errors
+            if method.supports_gate_lengths_by_qubit:
+                _gate_lengths_by_qubit = _gate_lengths_by_qubit or _build_gate_lengths_by_qubit(
+                    self._backend_props, self._target
+                )
+                kwargs["gate_lengths_by_qubit"] = _gate_lengths_by_qubit
+            if method.supports_gate_errors_by_qubit:
+                _gate_errors_by_qubit = _gate_errors_by_qubit or _build_gate_errors_by_qubit(
+                    self._backend_props, self._target
+                )
+                kwargs["gate_errors_by_qubit"] = _gate_errors_by_qubit
+            supported_bases = method.supported_bases
+            if supported_bases is not None:
+                kwargs["matched_basis"] = _choose_bases(self._basis_gates, supported_bases)
+            if method.supports_target:
+                kwargs["target"] = self._target
+
+        # Handle approximation degree as a special case for backwards compatibility, it's
+        # not part of the plugin interface and only something needed for the default
+        # pass.
+        # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
+        default_method._approximation_degree = self._approximation_degree
+        if self.method == "default":
+            # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
+            plugin_method._approximation_degree = self._approximation_degree
+
+        qubit_indices = (
+            {bit: i for i, bit in enumerate(dag.qubits)}
+            if plugin_method.supports_coupling_map or default_method.supports_coupling_map
+            else {}
+        )
+        return self._run_main_loop(
+            dag, qubit_indices, plugin_method, plugin_kwargs, default_method, default_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _run_main_loop(
+        self, dag, qubit_indices, plugin_method, plugin_kwargs, default_method, default_kwargs
+    ):
+        """Inner loop for the optimizer, after all DAG-independent set-up has been completed."""
+        for node in dag.op_nodes():
+            if node.name not in CONTROL_FLOW_OP_NAMES:
+                continue
+            new_op = node.op.replace_blocks(
+                [
+                    dag_to_circuit(
+                        self._run_main_loop(
+                            circuit_to_dag(block),
+                            {
+                                inner: qubit_indices[outer]
+                                for inner, outer in zip(block.qubits, node.qargs)
+                            },
+                            plugin_method,
+                            plugin_kwargs,
+                            default_method,
+                            default_kwargs,
+                        ),
+                        copy_operations=False,
+                    )
+                    for block in node.op.blocks
+                ]
+            )
+            dag.substitute_node(node, new_op, propagate_condition=False)
+
+        out_dag = dag.copy_empty_like()
+        for node in dag.topological_op_nodes():
+            if node.name == "unitary" and len(node.qargs) >= self._min_qubits:
+                synth_dag = None
+                unitary = node.matrix
+                n_qubits = len(node.qargs)
+                if (
+                    plugin_method.max_qubits is not None and n_qubits > plugin_method.max_qubits
+                ) or (plugin_method.min_qubits is not None and n_qubits < plugin_method.min_qubits):
+                    method, kwargs = default_method, default_kwargs
+                else:
+                    method, kwargs = plugin_method, plugin_kwargs
+                if method.supports_coupling_map:
+                    kwargs["coupling_map"] = (
+                        self._coupling_map,
+                        [qubit_indices[x] for x in node.qargs],
+                    )
+                synth_dag = method.run(unitary, **kwargs)
+                if synth_dag is None:
+                    out_dag._apply_op_node_back(node)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(synth_dag, DAGCircuit):
+                    qubit_map = dict(zip(synth_dag.qubits, node.qargs))
+                    for node in synth_dag.topological_op_nodes():
+                        node.qargs = tuple(qubit_map[x] for x in node.qargs)
+                        out_dag._apply_op_node_back(node)
+                    out_dag.global_phase += synth_dag.global_phase
+                else:
+                    node_list, global_phase, gate = synth_dag
+                    qubits = node.qargs
+                    user_gate_node = DAGOpNode(gate)
+                    for (
+                        gate,
+                        params,
+                        qargs,
+                    ) in node_list:
+                        if gate is None:
+                            node = DAGOpNode.from_instruction(
+                                user_gate_node._to_circuit_instruction().replace(
+                                    params=user_gate_node.params,
+                                    qubits=tuple(qubits[x] for x in qargs),
+                                )
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            node = DAGOpNode.from_instruction(
+                                CircuitInstruction.from_standard(
+                                    gate, tuple(qubits[x] for x in qargs), params
+                                )
+                            )
+                        out_dag._apply_op_node_back(node)
+                    out_dag.global_phase += global_phase
+            else:
+                out_dag._apply_op_node_back(node)
+        return out_dag
+
+
+def _build_gate_lengths(props=None, target=None):
+    """Builds a ``gate_lengths`` dictionary from either ``props`` (BackendV1)
+    or ``target`` (BackendV2).
+
+    The dictionary has the form:
+    {gate_name: {(qubits,): duration}}
+    """
+    gate_lengths = {}
+    if target is not None:
+        for gate, prop_dict in target.items():
+            gate_lengths[gate] = {}
+            for qubit, gate_props in prop_dict.items():
+                if gate_props is not None and gate_props.duration is not None:
+                    gate_lengths[gate][qubit] = gate_props.duration
+    elif props is not None:
+        for gate in props._gates:
+            gate_lengths[gate] = {}
+            for k, v in props._gates[gate].items():
+                length = v.get("gate_length")
+                if length:
+                    gate_lengths[gate][k] = length[0]
+            if not gate_lengths[gate]:
+                del gate_lengths[gate]
+    return gate_lengths
+
+
+def _build_gate_errors(props=None, target=None):
+    """Builds a ``gate_error`` dictionary from either ``props`` (BackendV1)
+    or ``target`` (BackendV2).
+
+    The dictionary has the form:
+    {gate_name: {(qubits,): error_rate}}
+    """
+    gate_errors = {}
+    if target is not None:
+        for gate, prop_dict in target.items():
+            gate_errors[gate] = {}
+            for qubit, gate_props in prop_dict.items():
+                if gate_props is not None and gate_props.error is not None:
+                    gate_errors[gate][qubit] = gate_props.error
+    if props is not None:
+        for gate in props._gates:
+            gate_errors[gate] = {}
+            for k, v in props._gates[gate].items():
+                error = v.get("gate_error")
+                if error:
+                    gate_errors[gate][k] = error[0]
+            if not gate_errors[gate]:
+                del gate_errors[gate]
+    return gate_errors
+
+
+def _build_gate_lengths_by_qubit(props=None, target=None):
+    """
+    Builds a `gate_lengths` dictionary from either `props` (BackendV1)
+    or `target (BackendV2)`.
+
+    The dictionary has the form:
+    {(qubits): [Gate, duration]}
+    """
+    gate_lengths = {}
+    if target is not None and target.qargs is not None:
+        for qubits in target.qargs:
+            names = target.operation_names_for_qargs(qubits)
+            operation_and_durations = []
+            for name in names:
+                operation = target.operation_from_name(name)
+                duration = getattr(target[name].get(qubits, None), "duration", None)
+                if duration:
+                    operation_and_durations.append((operation, duration))
+            if operation_and_durations:
+                gate_lengths[qubits] = operation_and_durations
+    elif props is not None:
+        for gate_name, gate_props in props._gates.items():
+            gate = GateNameToGate[gate_name]
+            for qubits, properties in gate_props.items():
+                duration = properties.get("gate_length", [0.0])[0]
+                operation_and_durations = (gate, duration)
+                if qubits in gate_lengths:
+                    gate_lengths[qubits].append(operation_and_durations)
+                else:
+                    gate_lengths[qubits] = [operation_and_durations]
+    return gate_lengths
+
+
+def _build_gate_errors_by_qubit(props=None, target=None):
+    """
+    Builds a `gate_error` dictionary from either `props` (BackendV1)
+    or `target (BackendV2)`.
+
+    The dictionary has the form:
+    {(qubits): [Gate, error]}
+    """
+    gate_errors = {}
+    if target is not None and target.qargs is not None:
+        for qubits in target.qargs:
+            names = target.operation_names_for_qargs(qubits)
+            operation_and_errors = []
+            for name in names:
+                operation = target.operation_from_name(name)
+                error = getattr(target[name].get(qubits, None), "error", None)
+                if error:
+                    operation_and_errors.append((operation, error))
+            if operation_and_errors:
+                gate_errors[qubits] = operation_and_errors
+    elif props is not None:
+        for gate_name, gate_props in props._gates.items():
+            gate = GateNameToGate[gate_name]
+            for qubits, properties in gate_props.items():
+                error = properties.get("gate_error", [0.0])[0]
+                operation_and_errors = (gate, error)
+                if qubits in gate_errors:
+                    gate_errors[qubits].append(operation_and_errors)
+                else:
+                    gate_errors[qubits] = [operation_and_errors]
+    return gate_errors
+
+
+class DefaultUnitarySynthesis(plugin.UnitarySynthesisPlugin):
+    """The default unitary synthesis plugin."""
+
+    @property
+    def supports_basis_gates(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_coupling_map(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_natural_direction(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_pulse_optimize(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_gate_lengths(self):
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def supports_gate_errors(self):
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def supports_gate_lengths_by_qubit(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_gate_errors_by_qubit(self):
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def max_qubits(self):
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def min_qubits(self):
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def supported_bases(self):
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def supports_target(self):
+        return True
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._decomposer_cache = {}
+
+    def _decomposer_2q_from_target(self, target, qubits, approximation_degree):
+        # we just need 2-qubit decomposers, in any direction.
+        # we'll fix the synthesis direction later.
+        qubits_tuple = tuple(sorted(qubits))
+        reverse_tuple = qubits_tuple[::-1]
+        if qubits_tuple in self._decomposer_cache:
+            return self._decomposer_cache[qubits_tuple]
+
+        # available instructions on this qubit pair, and their associated property.
+        available_2q_basis = {}
+        available_2q_props = {}
+
+        # 2q gates sent to 2q decomposers must not have any symbolic parameters.  The
+        # gates must be convertable to a numeric matrix. If a basis gate supports an arbitrary
+        # angle, we have to choose one angle (or more.)
+        def _replace_parameterized_gate(op):
+            if isinstance(op, RXXGate) and isinstance(op.params[0], Parameter):
+                op = RXXGate(pi / 2)
+            elif isinstance(op, RZXGate) and isinstance(op.params[0], Parameter):
+                op = RZXGate(pi / 4)
+            elif isinstance(op, RZZGate) and isinstance(op.params[0], Parameter):
+                op = RZZGate(pi / 2)
+            return op
+
+        try:
+            keys = target.operation_names_for_qargs(qubits_tuple)
+            for key in keys:
+                op = target.operation_from_name(key)
+                if not isinstance(op, Gate):
+                    continue
+                available_2q_basis[key] = _replace_parameterized_gate(op)
+                available_2q_props[key] = target[key][qubits_tuple]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            keys = target.operation_names_for_qargs(reverse_tuple)
+            for key in keys:
+                if key not in available_2q_basis:
+                    op = target.operation_from_name(key)
+                    if not isinstance(op, Gate):
+                        continue
+                    available_2q_basis[key] = _replace_parameterized_gate(op)
+                    available_2q_props[key] = target[key][reverse_tuple]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        if not available_2q_basis:
+            raise TranspilerError(
+                f"Target has no gates available on qubits {qubits} to synthesize over."
+            )
+        # available decomposition basis on each of the qubits of the pair
+        # NOTE: assumes both qubits have the same single-qubit gates
+        available_1q_basis = _find_matching_euler_bases(target, qubits_tuple[0])
+
+        # find all decomposers
+        # TODO: reduce number of decomposers here somehow
+        decomposers = []
+
+        def is_supercontrolled(gate):
+            try:
+                operator = Operator(gate)
+            except QiskitError:
+                return False
+            kak = TwoQubitWeylDecomposition(operator.data)
+            return isclose(kak.a, pi / 4) and isclose(kak.c, 0.0)
+
+        def is_controlled(gate):
+            try:
+                operator = Operator(gate)
+            except QiskitError:
+                return False
+            kak = TwoQubitWeylDecomposition(operator.data)
+            return isclose(kak.b, 0.0) and isclose(kak.c, 0.0)
+
+        # possible supercontrolled decomposers (i.e. TwoQubitBasisDecomposer)
+        supercontrolled_basis = {
+            k: v for k, v in available_2q_basis.items() if is_supercontrolled(v)
+        }
+        for basis_1q, basis_2q in product(available_1q_basis, supercontrolled_basis.keys()):
+            props = available_2q_props.get(basis_2q)
+            if props is None:
+                basis_2q_fidelity = 1.0
+            else:
+                error = getattr(props, "error", 0.0)
+                if error is None:
+                    error = 0.0
+                basis_2q_fidelity = 1 - error
+            if approximation_degree is not None:
+                basis_2q_fidelity *= approximation_degree
+            decomposer = TwoQubitBasisDecomposer(
+                supercontrolled_basis[basis_2q],
+                euler_basis=basis_1q,
+                basis_fidelity=basis_2q_fidelity,
+            )
+            decomposers.append(decomposer)
+
+        # If our 2q basis gates are a subset of cx, ecr, or cz then we know TwoQubitBasisDecomposer
+        # is an ideal decomposition and there is no need to bother calculating the XX embodiments
+        # or try the XX decomposer
+        if {"cx", "cz", "ecr"}.issuperset(available_2q_basis):
+            self._decomposer_cache[qubits_tuple] = decomposers
+            return decomposers
+
+        # possible controlled decomposers (i.e. XXDecomposer)
+        controlled_basis = {k: v for k, v in available_2q_basis.items() if is_controlled(v)}
+        basis_2q_fidelity = {}
+        embodiments = {}
+        pi2_basis = None
+        for k, v in controlled_basis.items():
+            strength = 2 * TwoQubitWeylDecomposition(Operator(v).data).a  # pi/2: fully entangling
+            # each strength has its own fidelity
+            props = available_2q_props.get(k)
+            if props is None:
+                basis_2q_fidelity[strength] = 1.0
+            else:
+                error = getattr(props, "error", 0.0)
+                if error is None:
+                    error = 0.0
+                basis_2q_fidelity[strength] = 1 - error
+            # rewrite XX of the same strength in terms of it
+            embodiment = XXEmbodiments[v.base_class]
+            if len(embodiment.parameters) == 1:
+                embodiments[strength] = embodiment.assign_parameters([strength])
+            else:
+                embodiments[strength] = embodiment
+            # basis equivalent to CX are well optimized so use for the pi/2 angle if available
+            if isclose(strength, pi / 2) and k in supercontrolled_basis:
+                pi2_basis = v
+        # if we are using the approximation_degree knob, use it to scale already-given fidelities
+        if approximation_degree is not None:
+            basis_2q_fidelity = {k: v * approximation_degree for k, v in basis_2q_fidelity.items()}
+        if basis_2q_fidelity:
+            for basis_1q in available_1q_basis:
+                if isinstance(pi2_basis, CXGate) and basis_1q == "ZSX":
+                    # If we're going to use the pulse optimal decomposition
+                    # in TwoQubitBasisDecomposer we need to compute the basis
+                    # fidelity to use for the decomposition. Either use the
+                    # cx error rate if approximation degree is None, or
+                    # the approximation degree value if it's a float
+                    if approximation_degree is None:
+                        props = target["cx"].get(qubits_tuple)
+                        if props is not None:
+                            fidelity = 1.0 - getattr(props, "error", 0.0)
+                        else:
+                            fidelity = 1.0
+                    else:
+                        fidelity = approximation_degree
+                    pi2_decomposer = TwoQubitBasisDecomposer(
+                        pi2_basis,
+                        euler_basis=basis_1q,
+                        basis_fidelity=fidelity,
+                        pulse_optimize=True,
+                    )
+                    embodiments.update({pi / 2: XXEmbodiments[pi2_decomposer.gate.base_class]})
+                else:
+                    pi2_decomposer = None
+                decomposer = XXDecomposer(
+                    basis_fidelity=basis_2q_fidelity,
+                    euler_basis=basis_1q,
+                    embodiments=embodiments,
+                    backup_optimizer=pi2_decomposer,
+                )
+                decomposers.append(decomposer)
+
+        self._decomposer_cache[qubits_tuple] = decomposers
+        return decomposers
+
+    def run(self, unitary, **options):
+        # Approximation degree is set directly as an attribute on the
+        # instance by the UnitarySynthesis pass here as it's not part of
+        # plugin interface. However if for some reason it's not set assume
+        # it's 1.
+        approximation_degree = getattr(self, "_approximation_degree", 1.0)
+        basis_gates = options["basis_gates"]
+        coupling_map = options["coupling_map"][0]
+        natural_direction = options["natural_direction"]
+        pulse_optimize = options["pulse_optimize"]
+        gate_lengths = options["gate_lengths_by_qubit"]
+        gate_errors = options["gate_errors_by_qubit"]
+        qubits = options["coupling_map"][1]
+        target = options["target"]
+
+        if unitary.shape == (2, 2):
+            _decomposer1q = Optimize1qGatesDecomposition(basis_gates, target)
+            sequence = _decomposer1q._resynthesize_run(unitary, qubits[0])
+            if sequence is None:
+                return None
+            return _decomposer1q._gate_sequence_to_dag(sequence)
+        elif unitary.shape == (4, 4):
+            # select synthesizers that can lower to the target
+            if target is not None:
+                decomposers2q = self._decomposer_2q_from_target(
+                    target, qubits, approximation_degree
+                )
+            else:
+                decomposer2q = _decomposer_2q_from_basis_gates(
+                    basis_gates, pulse_optimize, approximation_degree
+                )
+                decomposers2q = [decomposer2q] if decomposer2q is not None else []
+            # choose the cheapest output among synthesized circuits
+            synth_circuits = []
+            # If we have a single TwoQubitBasisDecomposer skip dag creation as we don't need to
+            # store and can instead manually create the synthesized gates directly in the output dag
+            if len(decomposers2q) == 1 and isinstance(decomposers2q[0], TwoQubitBasisDecomposer):
+                preferred_direction = _preferred_direction(
+                    decomposers2q[0],
+                    qubits,
+                    natural_direction,
+                    coupling_map,
+                    gate_lengths,
+                    gate_errors,
+                )
+                return self._synth_su4_no_dag(
+                    unitary, decomposers2q[0], preferred_direction, approximation_degree
+                )
+            for decomposer2q in decomposers2q:
+                preferred_direction = _preferred_direction(
+                    decomposer2q, qubits, natural_direction, coupling_map, gate_lengths, gate_errors
+                )
+                synth_circuit = self._synth_su4(
+                    unitary, decomposer2q, preferred_direction, approximation_degree
+                )
+                synth_circuits.append(synth_circuit)
+            synth_circuit = min(
+                synth_circuits,
+                key=partial(_error, target=target, qubits=tuple(qubits)),
+                default=None,
+            )
+        else:
+            from qiskit.synthesis.unitary.qsd import (  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+                qs_decomposition,
+            )
+
+            # only decompose if needed. TODO: handle basis better
+            synth_circuit = qs_decomposition(unitary) if (basis_gates or target) else None
+        if synth_circuit is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(synth_circuit, DAGCircuit):
+            return synth_circuit
+        return circuit_to_dag(synth_circuit)
+
+    def _synth_su4_no_dag(self, unitary, decomposer2q, preferred_direction, approximation_degree):
+        approximate = not approximation_degree == 1.0
+        synth_circ = decomposer2q._inner_decomposer(unitary, approximate=approximate)
+        if not preferred_direction:
+            return (synth_circ, synth_circ.global_phase, decomposer2q.gate)
+
+        synth_direction = None
+        # if the gates in synthesis are in the opposite direction of the preferred direction
+        # resynthesize a new operator which is the original conjugated by swaps.
+        # this new operator is doubly mirrored from the original and is locally equivalent.
+        for gate, _params, qubits in synth_circ:
+            if gate is None or gate == CXGate._standard_gate:
+                synth_direction = qubits
+        if synth_direction is not None and synth_direction != preferred_direction:
+            # TODO: Avoid using a dag to correct the synthesis direction
+            return self._reversed_synth_su4(unitary, decomposer2q, approximation_degree)
+        return (synth_circ, synth_circ.global_phase, decomposer2q.gate)
+
+    def _synth_su4(self, su4_mat, decomposer2q, preferred_direction, approximation_degree):
+        approximate = not approximation_degree == 1.0
+        synth_circ = decomposer2q(su4_mat, approximate=approximate, use_dag=True)
+        if not preferred_direction:
+            return synth_circ
+        synth_direction = None
+        # if the gates in synthesis are in the opposite direction of the preferred direction
+        # resynthesize a new operator which is the original conjugated by swaps.
+        # this new operator is doubly mirrored from the original and is locally equivalent.
+        for inst in synth_circ.topological_op_nodes():
+            if inst.op.num_qubits == 2:
+                synth_direction = [synth_circ.find_bit(q).index for q in inst.qargs]
+        if synth_direction is not None and synth_direction != preferred_direction:
+            return self._reversed_synth_su4(su4_mat, decomposer2q, approximation_degree)
+        return synth_circ
+
+    def _reversed_synth_su4(self, su4_mat, decomposer2q, approximation_degree):
+        approximate = not approximation_degree == 1.0
+        su4_mat_mm = su4_mat.copy()
+        su4_mat_mm[[1, 2]] = su4_mat_mm[[2, 1]]
+        su4_mat_mm[:, [1, 2]] = su4_mat_mm[:, [2, 1]]
+        synth_circ = decomposer2q(su4_mat_mm, approximate=approximate, use_dag=True)
+        out_dag = DAGCircuit()
+        out_dag.global_phase = synth_circ.global_phase
+        out_dag.add_qubits(list(reversed(synth_circ.qubits)))
+        flip_bits = out_dag.qubits[::-1]
+        for node in synth_circ.topological_op_nodes():
+            qubits = tuple(flip_bits[synth_circ.find_bit(x).index] for x in node.qargs)
+            node = DAGOpNode.from_instruction(
+                node._to_circuit_instruction().replace(qubits=qubits, params=node.params)
+            )
+            out_dag._apply_op_node_back(node)
+        return out_dag