pvlib 0.11.1__py3-none-any.whl → 0.12.0__py3-none-any.whl

pvlib/tests/test_modelchain.py

@@ -1,2020 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-import numpy as np
-import pandas as pd
-
-from pvlib import iam, modelchain, pvsystem, temperature, inverter
-from pvlib.modelchain import ModelChain
-from pvlib.pvsystem import PVSystem
-from pvlib.location import Location
-from pvlib._deprecation import pvlibDeprecationWarning
-
-from .conftest import assert_series_equal, assert_frame_equal
-import pytest
-
-from .conftest import fail_on_pvlib_version
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def sapm_dc_snl_ac_system(sapm_module_params, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                          sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module = 'Canadian_Solar_CS5P_220M___2009_'
-    module_parameters = sapm_module_params.copy()
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module=module,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def cec_dc_snl_ac_system(cec_module_cs5p_220m, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                         sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    module_parameters['b'] = 0.05
-    module_parameters['EgRef'] = 1.121
-    module_parameters['dEgdT'] = -0.0002677
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module=module_parameters['Name'],
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays(cec_module_cs5p_220m, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                         sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    module_parameters['b'] = 0.05
-    module_parameters['EgRef'] = 1.121
-    module_parameters['dEgdT'] = -0.0002677
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180),
-        module=module_parameters['Name'],
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=42.2, surface_azimuth=220),
-        module=module_parameters['Name'],
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_one, array_two],
-        inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters
-    )
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def cec_dc_native_snl_ac_system(cec_module_cs5p_220m, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                                sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module=module_parameters['Name'],
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_system(pvsyst_module_params, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                            sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module = 'PVsyst test module'
-    module_parameters = pvsyst_module_params
-    module_parameters['b'] = 0.05
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module=module,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_arrays(pvsyst_module_params, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                            sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module = 'PVsyst test module'
-    module_parameters = pvsyst_module_params
-    module_parameters['b'] = 0.05
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180),
-        module=module,
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=42.2, surface_azimuth=220),
-        module=module,
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_one, array_two],
-        inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters
-    )
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def cec_dc_adr_ac_system(sam_data, cec_module_cs5p_220m,
-                         sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    module_parameters['b'] = 0.05
-    module_parameters['EgRef'] = 1.121
-    module_parameters['dEgdT'] = -0.0002677
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    inverters = sam_data['adrinverter']
-    inverter = inverters['Zigor__Sunzet_3_TL_US_240V__CEC_2011_'].copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module=module_parameters['Name'],
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def pvwatts_dc_snl_ac_system(cec_inverter_parameters):
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system(sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system_arrays(sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180),
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=42.2, surface_azimuth=220),
-        module_parameters=module_parameters.copy(),
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params.copy()
-    )
-    system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_one, array_two], inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_faiman_temp_system():
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = {'u0': 25.0, 'u1': 6.84}
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_pvsyst_temp_system():
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = {'u_c': 29.0, 'u_v': 0.0, 'module_efficiency': 0.1,
-                         'alpha_absorption': 0.9}
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_fuentes_temp_system():
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = {'noct_installed': 45}
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_noct_sam_temp_system():
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'gamma_pdc': -0.003}
-    temp_model_params = {'noct': 45, 'module_efficiency': 0.2}
-    inverter_parameters = {'pdc0': 220, 'eta_inv_nom': 0.95}
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-def system_no_aoi(cec_module_cs5p_220m, sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m,
-                  cec_inverter_parameters):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    module_parameters['EgRef'] = 1.121
-    module_parameters['dEgdT'] = -0.0002677
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    inverter_parameters = cec_inverter_parameters.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def system_no_temp(cec_module_cs5p_220m, cec_inverter_parameters):
-    module_parameters = cec_module_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    module_parameters['EgRef'] = 1.121
-    module_parameters['dEgdT'] = -0.0002677
-    inverter_parameters = cec_inverter_parameters.copy()
-    system = PVSystem(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180,
-                      module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                      inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters)
-    return system
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def location():
-    return Location(32.2, -111, altitude=700)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def weather():
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'ghi': [500, 0], 'dni': [800, 0], 'dhi': [100, 0]},
-                           index=times)
-    return weather
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def total_irrad(weather):
-    return pd.DataFrame({'poa_global': [800., 500.],
-                         'poa_direct': [500., 300.],
-                         'poa_diffuse': [300., 200.]}, index=weather.index)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array(sapm_module_params, cec_inverter_parameters,
-                                sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    module = 'Canadian_Solar_CS5P_220M___2009_'
-    module_parameters = sapm_module_params.copy()
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32,
-                                                         surface_azimuth=180),
-                               albedo=0.2, module=module,
-                               module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                               temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                               modules_per_string=1,
-                               strings=1)
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=15,
-                                                         surface_azimuth=180),
-                               albedo=0.2, module=module,
-                               module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                               temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                               modules_per_string=1,
-                               strings=1)
-    return PVSystem(arrays=[array_one, array_two],
-                    inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays(sapm_module_params,
-                                      cec_inverter_parameters,
-                                      sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m):
-    """A system with two identical arrays."""
-    module = 'Canadian_Solar_CS5P_220M___2009_'
-    module_parameters = sapm_module_params.copy()
-    temp_model_params = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2,
-                                                         surface_azimuth=180),
-                               module=module,
-                               module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                               temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                               modules_per_string=1,
-                               strings=1)
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2,
-                                                         surface_azimuth=180),
-                               module=module,
-                               module_parameters=module_parameters,
-                               temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_params,
-                               modules_per_string=1,
-                               strings=1)
-    return PVSystem(arrays=[array_one, array_two],
-                    inverter_parameters=cec_inverter_parameters)
-
-
-def test_ModelChain_creation(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-
-
-def test_with_sapm(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain.with_sapm(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    assert mc.dc_model == mc.sapm
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-
-def test_with_pvwatts(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain.with_pvwatts(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location)
-    assert mc.dc_model == mc.pvwatts_dc
-    assert mc.temperature_model == mc.sapm_temp
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_irradiance(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    irradiance = pd.DataFrame({'dni': 900, 'ghi': 600, 'dhi': 150},
-                              index=times)
-    ac = mc.run_model(irradiance).results.ac
-
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([187.80746494643176, -0.02]),
-                         index=times)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system(
-        sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m, sapm_module_params,
-        cec_inverter_parameters):
-    module_parameters = sapm_module_params
-    temp_model_parameters = sapm_temperature_cs5p_220m.copy()
-    inverter_parameters = cec_inverter_parameters
-    array_one = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=180),
-        module_parameters=module_parameters,
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_parameters
-    )
-    array_two = pvsystem.Array(
-        mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(surface_tilt=32.2, surface_azimuth=220),
-        module_parameters=module_parameters,
-        temperature_model_parameters=temp_model_parameters
-    )
-    two_array_system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_one, array_two],
-        inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters
-    )
-    array_one_system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_one],
-        inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters
-    )
-    array_two_system = PVSystem(
-        arrays=[array_two],
-        inverter_parameters=inverter_parameters
-    )
-    return {'two_array_system': two_array_system,
-            'array_one_system': array_one_system,
-            'array_two_system': array_two_system}
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_irradiance_arrays_no_loss(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc_both = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['two_array_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    mc_one = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['array_one_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    mc_two = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['array_two_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    irradiance = pd.DataFrame({'dni': 900, 'ghi': 600, 'dhi': 150},
-                              index=times)
-    mc_one.run_model(irradiance)
-    mc_two.run_model(irradiance)
-    mc_both.run_model(irradiance)
-    assert_frame_equal(
-        mc_both.results.dc[0],
-        mc_one.results.dc
-    )
-    assert_frame_equal(
-        mc_both.results.dc[1],
-        mc_two.results.dc
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_irradiance_arrays_no_loss_input_type(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, input_type):
-    mc_both = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['two_array_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    mc_one = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['array_one_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    mc_two = ModelChain(
-        multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['array_two_system'],
-        location,
-        aoi_model='no_loss',
-        spectral_model='no_loss',
-        losses_model='no_loss'
-    )
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    irradiance = pd.DataFrame({'dni': 900, 'ghi': 600, 'dhi': 150},
-                              index=times)
-    mc_one.run_model(irradiance)
-    mc_two.run_model(irradiance)
-    mc_both.run_model(input_type((irradiance, irradiance)))
-    assert_frame_equal(
-        mc_both.results.dc[0], mc_one.results.dc
-    )
-    assert_frame_equal(
-        mc_both.results.dc[1], mc_two.results.dc
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('inverter', ['adr'])
-def test_ModelChain_invalid_inverter_params_arrays(
-        inverter, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays,
-        location, adr_inverter_parameters):
-    inverter_params = {'adr': adr_inverter_parameters}
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays.inverter_parameters = \
-        inverter_params[inverter]
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match=r'adr inverter function cannot'):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_prepare_inputs_multi_weather(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, input_type):
-    times = pd.date_range(start='20160101 1200-0700',
-                          end='20160101 1800-0700', freq='6h')
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'ghi': 1, 'dhi': 1, 'dni': 1},
-                           index=times)
-    mc.prepare_inputs(input_type((weather, weather)))
-    num_arrays = sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array.num_arrays
-    assert len(mc.results.total_irrad) == num_arrays
-    # check that albedo is transfered to mc.results from mc.system.arrays
-    assert mc.results.albedo == (0.2, 0.2)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_prepare_inputs_albedo_in_weather(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, input_type):
-    times = pd.date_range(start='20160101 1200-0700',
-                          end='20160101 1800-0700', freq='6h')
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'ghi': 1, 'dhi': 1, 'dni': 1, 'albedo': 0.5},
-                           index=times)
-    # weather as a single DataFrame
-    mc.prepare_inputs(weather)
-    num_arrays = sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array.num_arrays
-    assert len(mc.results.albedo) == num_arrays
-    # repeat with tuple of weather
-    mc.prepare_inputs(input_type((weather, weather)))
-    num_arrays = sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array.num_arrays
-    assert len(mc.results.albedo) == num_arrays
-
-
-def test_prepare_inputs_no_irradiance(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame()
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        mc.prepare_inputs(weather)
-
-
-def test_prepare_inputs_arrays_one_missing_irradiance(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location):
-    """If any of the input DataFrames is missing a column then a
-    ValueError is raised."""
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame(
-        {'ghi': [1], 'dhi': [1], 'dni': [1]}
-    )
-    weather_incomplete = pd.DataFrame(
-        {'ghi': [1], 'dhi': [1]}
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match=r"Incomplete input data\. .*"):
-        mc.prepare_inputs((weather, weather_incomplete))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match=r"Incomplete input data\. .*"):
-        mc.prepare_inputs((weather_incomplete, weather))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_prepare_inputs_weather_wrong_length(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, input_type):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'ghi': [1], 'dhi': [1], 'dni': [1]})
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match="Input must be same length as number of Arrays "
-                             r"in system\. Expected 2, got 1\."):
-        mc.prepare_inputs(input_type((weather,)))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match="Input must be same length as number of Arrays "
-                             r"in system\. Expected 2, got 3\."):
-        mc.prepare_inputs(input_type((weather, weather, weather)))
-
-
-def test_ModelChain_times_error_arrays(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location):
-    """ModelChain.times is assigned a single index given multiple weather
-    DataFrames.
-    """
-    error_str = r"Input DataFrames must have same index\."
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    irradiance = {'ghi': [1, 2], 'dhi': [1, 2], 'dni': [1, 2]}
-    times_one = pd.date_range(start='1/1/2020', freq='6h', periods=2)
-    times_two = pd.date_range(start='1/1/2020 00:15', freq='6h', periods=2)
-    weather_one = pd.DataFrame(irradiance, index=times_one)
-    weather_two = pd.DataFrame(irradiance, index=times_two)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=error_str):
-        mc.prepare_inputs((weather_one, weather_two))
-    # test with overlapping, but differently sized indices.
-    times_three = pd.date_range(start='1/1/2020', freq='6h', periods=3)
-    irradiance_three = irradiance
-    irradiance_three['ghi'].append(3)
-    irradiance_three['dhi'].append(3)
-    irradiance_three['dni'].append(3)
-    weather_three = pd.DataFrame(irradiance_three, index=times_three)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=error_str):
-        mc.prepare_inputs((weather_one, weather_three))
-
-
-def test_ModelChain_times_arrays(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location):
-    """ModelChain.times is assigned a single index given multiple weather
-    DataFrames.
-    """
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    irradiance_one = {'ghi': [1, 2], 'dhi': [1, 2], 'dni': [1, 2]}
-    irradiance_two = {'ghi': [2, 1], 'dhi': [2, 1], 'dni': [2, 1]}
-    times = pd.date_range(start='1/1/2020', freq='6h', periods=2)
-    weather_one = pd.DataFrame(irradiance_one, index=times)
-    weather_two = pd.DataFrame(irradiance_two, index=times)
-    mc.prepare_inputs((weather_one, weather_two))
-    assert mc.results.times.equals(times)
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    mc.prepare_inputs(weather_one)
-    assert mc.results.times.equals(times)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("missing", ['dhi', 'ghi', 'dni'])
-def test_prepare_inputs_missing_irrad_component(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, missing):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'dhi': [1, 2], 'dni': [1, 2], 'ghi': [1, 2]})
-    weather.drop(columns=missing, inplace=True)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        mc.prepare_inputs(weather)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('ac_model', ['sandia', 'pvwatts'])
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_arrays_weather(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays,
-                                  pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system_arrays,
-                                  location, ac_model, input_type):
-    system = {'sandia': sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays,
-              'pvwatts': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system_arrays}
-    mc = ModelChain(system[ac_model], location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    times = pd.date_range('20200101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='2h')
-    weather_one = pd.DataFrame({'dni': [900, 800],
-                                'ghi': [600, 500],
-                                'dhi': [150, 100]},
-                               index=times)
-    weather_two = pd.DataFrame({'dni': [500, 400],
-                                'ghi': [300, 200],
-                                'dhi': [75, 65]},
-                               index=times)
-    mc.run_model(input_type((weather_one, weather_two)))
-    assert (mc.results.dc[0] != mc.results.dc[1]).all().all()
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_perez(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    transposition_model='perez')
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    irradiance = pd.DataFrame({'dni': 900, 'ghi': 600, 'dhi': 150},
-                              index=times)
-    ac = mc.run_model(irradiance).results.ac
-
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([187.94295642, -2.00000000e-02]),
-                         index=times)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-def test_run_model_gueymard_perez(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    airmass_model='gueymard1993',
-                    transposition_model='perez')
-    times = pd.date_range('20160101 1200-0700', periods=2, freq='6h')
-    irradiance = pd.DataFrame({'dni': 900, 'ghi': 600, 'dhi': 150},
-                              index=times)
-    ac = mc.run_model(irradiance).results.ac
-
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([187.94317405, -2.00000000e-02]),
-                         index=times)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_weather_sapm_temp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                          weather, mocker):
-    # test with sapm cell temperature model
-    weather['wind_speed'] = 5
-    weather['temp_air'] = 10
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.temperature_model = 'sapm'
-    m_sapm = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_cell_temperature')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m_sapm.call_count == 1
-    # assert_called_once_with cannot be used with series, so need to use
-    # assert_series_equal on call_args
-    assert_series_equal(m_sapm.call_args[0][1], weather['temp_air'])  # temp
-    assert_series_equal(m_sapm.call_args[0][2], weather['wind_speed'])  # wind
-    assert m_sapm.call_args[1]['model'] == 'sapm'
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_weather_pvsyst_temp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                            weather, mocker):
-    # test with pvsyst cell temperature model
-    weather['wind_speed'] = 5
-    weather['temp_air'] = 10
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].racking_model = 'freestanding'
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].temperature_model_parameters = \
-        temperature._temperature_model_params('pvsyst', 'freestanding')
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.temperature_model = 'pvsyst'
-    m_pvsyst = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_cell_temperature')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m_pvsyst.call_count == 1
-    assert_series_equal(m_pvsyst.call_args[0][1], weather['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m_pvsyst.call_args[0][2], weather['wind_speed'])
-    assert m_pvsyst.call_args[1]['model'] == 'pvsyst'
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_weather_faiman_temp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                            weather, mocker):
-    # test with faiman cell temperature model
-    weather['wind_speed'] = 5
-    weather['temp_air'] = 10
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].temperature_model_parameters = {
-        'u0': 25.0, 'u1': 6.84
-    }
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.temperature_model = 'faiman'
-    m_faiman = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_cell_temperature')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m_faiman.call_count == 1
-    assert_series_equal(m_faiman.call_args[0][1], weather['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m_faiman.call_args[0][2], weather['wind_speed'])
-    assert m_faiman.call_args[1]['model'] == 'faiman'
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_weather_fuentes_temp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                             weather, mocker):
-    weather['wind_speed'] = 5
-    weather['temp_air'] = 10
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].temperature_model_parameters = {
-        'noct_installed': 45, 'surface_tilt': 30,
-    }
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.temperature_model = 'fuentes'
-    m_fuentes = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_cell_temperature')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m_fuentes.call_count == 1
-    assert_series_equal(m_fuentes.call_args[0][1], weather['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m_fuentes.call_args[0][2], weather['wind_speed'])
-    assert m_fuentes.call_args[1]['model'] == 'fuentes'
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_with_weather_noct_sam_temp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                              weather, mocker):
-    weather['wind_speed'] = 5
-    weather['temp_air'] = 10
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].temperature_model_parameters = {
-        'noct': 45, 'module_efficiency': 0.2
-    }
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.temperature_model = 'noct_sam'
-    m_noct_sam = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_cell_temperature')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m_noct_sam.call_count == 1
-    assert_series_equal(m_noct_sam.call_args[0][1], weather['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m_noct_sam.call_args[0][2], weather['wind_speed'])
-    # check that effective_irradiance was used
-    assert m_noct_sam.call_args[1] == {
-        'effective_irradiance': mc.results.effective_irradiance,
-        'model': 'noct_sam'}
-
-
-def test__assign_total_irrad(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather,
-                             total_irrad):
-    data = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc._assign_total_irrad(data)
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.total_irrad, total_irrad)
-
-
-def test_prepare_inputs_from_poa(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                 weather, total_irrad):
-    data = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa(data)
-    weather_expected = weather.copy()
-    weather_expected['temp_air'] = 20
-    weather_expected['wind_speed'] = 0
-    # order as expected
-    weather_expected = weather_expected[
-        ['ghi', 'dhi', 'dni', 'wind_speed', 'temp_air']]
-    # weather attribute
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.weather, weather_expected)
-    # total_irrad attribute
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.total_irrad, total_irrad)
-    assert not pd.isnull(mc.results.solar_position.index[0])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_prepare_inputs_from_poa_multi_data(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, total_irrad, weather,
-        input_type):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    poa = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa(input_type((poa, poa)))
-    num_arrays = sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array.num_arrays
-    assert len(mc.results.total_irrad) == num_arrays
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_prepare_inputs_from_poa_wrong_number_arrays(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, total_irrad, weather,
-        input_type):
-    len_error = r"Input must be same length as number of Arrays in system\. " \
-                r"Expected 2, got [0-9]+\."
-    type_error = r"Input must be a tuple of length 2, got .*\."
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    poa = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=type_error):
-        mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa(poa)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=len_error):
-        mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa(input_type((poa,)))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=len_error):
-        mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa(input_type((poa, poa, poa)))
-
-
-def test_prepare_inputs_from_poa_arrays_different_indices(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, total_irrad, weather):
-    error_str = r"Input DataFrames must have same index\."
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    poa = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=error_str):
-        mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa((poa, poa.shift(periods=1, freq='6h')))
-
-
-def test_prepare_inputs_from_poa_arrays_missing_column(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, weather, total_irrad):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    poa = pd.concat([weather, total_irrad], axis=1)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"Incomplete input data\. "
-                                         r"Data needs to contain .*\. "
-                                         r"Detected data in element 1 "
-                                         r"contains: .*"):
-        mc.prepare_inputs_from_poa((poa, poa.drop(columns='poa_global')))
-
-
-def test__prepare_temperature(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather,
-                              total_irrad):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    # prepare_temperature expects mc.total_irrad and mc.results.weather
-    # to be set
-    mc._assign_weather(data)
-    mc._assign_total_irrad(data)
-    mc._prepare_temperature(data)
-    expected = pd.Series([48.928025, 38.080016], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature, expected)
-    data['module_temperature'] = [40., 30.]
-    mc._prepare_temperature(data)
-    expected = pd.Series([42.4, 31.5], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature, expected)
-    data['cell_temperature'] = [50., 35.]
-    mc._prepare_temperature(data)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature, data['cell_temperature'])
-
-
-def test__prepare_temperature_len1_weather_tuple(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, total_irrad):
-    # GH 1192
-    weather['module_temperature'] = [40., 30.]
-    data = weather.copy()
-
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model([data])
-    expected = pd.Series([42.617244212941394, 30.0], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], expected)
-
-    data = weather.copy().rename(
-        columns={
-            "ghi": "poa_global", "dhi": "poa_diffuse", "dni": "poa_direct"}
-    )
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model_from_poa([data])
-    expected = pd.Series([41.5, 30.0], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], expected)
-
-    data = weather.copy()[["module_temperature", "ghi"]].rename(
-        columns={"ghi": "effective_irradiance"}
-    )
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance([data])
-    expected = pd.Series([41.5, 30.0], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], expected)
-
-
-def test__prepare_temperature_arrays_weather(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays,
-                                             location, weather,
-                                             total_irrad):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_direct', 'poa_diffuse']] = total_irrad
-    data_two = data.copy()
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    # prepare_temperature expects mc.results.total_irrad and mc.results.weather
-    # to be set
-    mc._assign_weather((data, data_two))
-    mc._assign_total_irrad((data, data_two))
-    mc._prepare_temperature((data, data_two))
-    expected = pd.Series([48.928025, 38.080016], index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], expected)
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[1], expected)
-    data['module_temperature'] = [40., 30.]
-    mc._prepare_temperature((data, data_two))
-    expected = pd.Series([42.4, 31.5], index=data.index)
-    assert (mc.results.cell_temperature[1] != expected).all()
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], expected)
-    data['cell_temperature'] = [50., 35.]
-    mc._prepare_temperature((data, data_two))
-    assert_series_equal(
-        mc.results.cell_temperature[0], data['cell_temperature'])
-    data_two['module_temperature'] = [40., 30.]
-    mc._prepare_temperature((data, data_two))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature[1], expected)
-    assert_series_equal(
-        mc.results.cell_temperature[0], data['cell_temperature'])
-    data_two['cell_temperature'] = [10.0, 20.0]
-    mc._prepare_temperature((data, data_two))
-    assert_series_equal(
-        mc.results.cell_temperature[1], data_two['cell_temperature'])
-    assert_series_equal(
-        mc.results.cell_temperature[0], data['cell_temperature'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('temp_params,temp_model',
-                         [({'a': -3.47, 'b': -.0594, 'deltaT': 3},
-                           ModelChain.sapm_temp),
-                          ({'u_c': 29.0, 'u_v': 0},
-                           ModelChain.pvsyst_temp),
-                          ({'u0': 25.0, 'u1': 6.84},
-                           ModelChain.faiman_temp),
-                          ({'noct_installed': 45},
-                           ModelChain.fuentes_temp),
-                          ({'noct': 45, 'module_efficiency': 0.2},
-                           ModelChain.noct_sam_temp)])
-def test_temperature_models_arrays_multi_weather(
-        temp_params, temp_model,
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays,
-        location, weather, total_irrad):
-    for array in sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays.arrays:
-        array.temperature_model_parameters = temp_params
-    # set air temp so it does not default to the same value for both arrays
-    weather['temp_air'] = 25
-    weather_one = weather
-    weather_two = weather.copy() * 0.5
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.prepare_inputs((weather_one, weather_two))
-    temp_model(mc)
-    assert (mc.results.cell_temperature[0]
-            != mc.results.cell_temperature[1]).all()
-
-
-def test_run_model_solar_position_weather(
-        pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather, mocker):
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    weather['pressure'] = 90000
-    weather['temp_air'] = 25
-    m = mocker.spy(location, 'get_solarposition')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    # assert_called_once_with cannot be used with series, so need to use
-    # assert_series_equal on call_args
-    assert_series_equal(m.call_args[1]['temperature'], weather['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m.call_args[1]['pressure'], weather['pressure'])
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_poa(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, total_irrad):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_poa(total_irrad).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([149.280238, 96.678385]),
-                         index=total_irrad.index)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_poa_arrays(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location,
-                                   weather, total_irrad, input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model_from_poa(input_type((data, data)))
-    # arrays have different orientation, but should give same dc power
-    # because we are the same passing POA irradiance and air
-    # temperature.
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.dc[0], mc.results.dc[1])
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_poa_arrays_solar_position_weather(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, weather, total_irrad, mocker):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['pressure'] = 90000
-    data['temp_air'] = 25
-    data2 = data.copy()
-    data2['pressure'] = 95000
-    data2['temp_air'] = 30
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    m = mocker.spy(location, 'get_solarposition')
-    mc.run_model_from_poa((data, data2))
-    # mc uses only the first weather data for solar position corrections
-    assert_series_equal(m.call_args[1]['temperature'], data['temp_air'])
-    assert_series_equal(m.call_args[1]['pressure'], data['pressure'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [lambda x: x[0], tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                                             weather, total_irrad, input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global']
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data,))).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([149.280238, 96.678385]),
-                         index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_multi_array(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, weather, total_irrad,
-        input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global']
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data, data)))
-    # arrays have different orientation, but should give same dc power
-    # because we are the same passing POA irradiance and air
-    # temperature.
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.dc[0], mc.results.dc[1])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [lambda x: x[0], tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_no_poa_global(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, total_irrad, input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = total_irrad['poa_global']
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data,))).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([149.280238, 96.678385]),
-                         index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_poa_global_differs(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, total_irrad):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global'] * 0.8
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(data).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([118.302801, 76.099841]),
-                         index=data.index)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_arrays_error(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, weather, total_irrad,
-        input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effetive_irradiance'] = data['poa_global']
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    len_error = r"Input must be same length as number of Arrays in system\. " \
-                r"Expected 2, got [0-9]+\."
-    type_error = r"Input must be a tuple of length 2, got DataFrame\."
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=type_error):
-        mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(data)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=len_error):
-        mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data,)))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=len_error):
-        mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data, data, data)))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match=r"Input DataFrames must have same index\."):
-        mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(
-            (data, data.shift(periods=1, freq='6h'))
-        )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_arrays(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location, weather, total_irrad,
-        input_type):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global']
-    data['cell_temperature'] = 40
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data, data)))
-    # arrays have different orientation, but should give same dc power
-    # because we are the same passing effective irradiance and cell
-    # temperature.
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.dc[0], mc.results.dc[1])
-    # test that unequal inputs create unequal results
-    data_two = data.copy()
-    data_two['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global'] * 0.5
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(input_type((data, data_two)))
-    assert (mc.results.dc[0] != mc.results.dc[1]).all().all()
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_minimal_input(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array,
-        location, total_irrad):
-    data = pd.DataFrame({'effective_irradiance': total_irrad['poa_global'],
-                         'cell_temperature': 40},
-                        index=total_irrad.index)
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance(data)
-    # make sure, for a single Array, the result is the correct type and value
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.cell_temperature, data['cell_temperature'])
-    assert not mc.results.dc.empty
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    # test with multiple arrays
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location)
-    mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance((data, data))
-    assert_frame_equal(mc.results.dc[0], mc.results.dc[1])
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_run_model_singleton_weather_single_array(cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                                  location, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    aoi_model="no_loss", spectral_model="no_loss")
-    mc.run_model([weather])
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.weather, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.total_irrad, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.aoi, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.aoi_modifier, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.spectral_modifier, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.effective_irradiance, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.cell_temperature) == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], pd.Series)
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_poa_singleton_weather_single_array(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, total_irrad):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_poa([total_irrad]).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([149.280238, 96.678385]),
-                         index=total_irrad.index)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.weather, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.cell_temperature) == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], pd.Series)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-def test_run_model_from_effective_irradiance_weather_single_array(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, total_irrad):
-    data = weather.copy()
-    data[['poa_global', 'poa_diffuse', 'poa_direct']] = total_irrad
-    data['effective_irradiance'] = data['poa_global']
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    ac = mc.run_model_from_effective_irradiance([data]).results.ac
-    expected = pd.Series(np.array([149.280238, 96.678385]),
-                         index=data.index)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.weather, tuple)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.cell_temperature) == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.cell_temperature[0], pd.Series)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.dc) == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc[0], pd.DataFrame)
-    assert_series_equal(ac, expected)
-
-
-def poadc(mc):
-    mc.results.dc = mc.results.total_irrad['poa_global'] * 0.2
-    mc.results.dc.name = None  # assert_series_equal will fail without this
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('dc_model', [
-    'sapm', 'cec', 'desoto', 'pvsyst', 'singlediode', 'pvwatts_dc'])
-def test_infer_dc_model(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                        pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_system, pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system,
-                        location, dc_model, weather, mocker):
-    dc_systems = {'sapm': sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'cec': cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'desoto': cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'pvsyst': pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'singlediode': cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'pvwatts_dc': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system}
-    dc_model_function = {'sapm': 'sapm',
-                         'cec': 'calcparams_cec',
-                         'desoto': 'calcparams_desoto',
-                         'pvsyst': 'calcparams_pvsyst',
-                         'singlediode': 'calcparams_desoto',
-                         'pvwatts_dc': 'pvwatts_dc'}
-    temp_model_function = {'sapm': 'sapm',
-                           'cec': 'sapm',
-                           'desoto': 'sapm',
-                           'pvsyst': 'pvsyst',
-                           'singlediode': 'sapm',
-                           'pvwatts_dc': 'sapm'}
-    temp_model_params = {'sapm': {'a': -3.40641, 'b': -0.0842075, 'deltaT': 3},
-                         'pvsyst': {'u_c': 29.0, 'u_v': 0}}
-    system = dc_systems[dc_model]
-    for array in system.arrays:
-        array.temperature_model_parameters = temp_model_params[
-            temp_model_function[dc_model]]
-    # remove Adjust from model parameters for desoto, singlediode
-    if dc_model in ['desoto', 'singlediode']:
-        for array in system.arrays:
-            array.module_parameters.pop('Adjust')
-    m = mocker.spy(pvsystem, dc_model_function[dc_model])
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    temperature_model=temp_model_function[dc_model])
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-
-
-def test_infer_dc_model_incomplete(multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                   location):
-    match = 'Could not infer DC model from the module_parameters attributes '
-    system = multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['two_array_system']
-    system.arrays[0].module_parameters.pop('A0')
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
-        ModelChain(system, location)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('dc_model', ['cec', 'desoto', 'pvsyst'])
-def test_singlediode_dc_arrays(location, dc_model,
-                               cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-                               pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-                               weather):
-    systems = {'cec': cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-               'pvsyst': pvsyst_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-               'desoto': cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays}
-    temp_sapm = {'a': -3.40641, 'b': -0.0842075, 'deltaT': 3}
-    temp_pvsyst = {'u_c': 29.0, 'u_v': 0}
-    temp_model_params = {'cec': temp_sapm,
-                         'desoto': temp_sapm,
-                         'pvsyst': temp_pvsyst}
-    temp_model = {'cec': 'sapm', 'desoto': 'sapm', 'pvsyst': 'pvsyst'}
-    system = systems[dc_model]
-    for array in system.arrays:
-        array.temperature_model_parameters = temp_model_params[dc_model]
-    if dc_model == 'desoto':
-        for array in system.arrays:
-            array.module_parameters.pop('Adjust')
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    temperature_model=temp_model[dc_model])
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.dc) == system.num_arrays
-    for dc in mc.results.dc:
-        assert isinstance(dc, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('dc_model', ['sapm', 'cec', 'cec_native'])
-def test_infer_spectral_model(location, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                              cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                              cec_dc_native_snl_ac_system, dc_model):
-    dc_systems = {'sapm': sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'cec': cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'cec_native': cec_dc_native_snl_ac_system}
-    system = dc_systems[dc_model]
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location, aoi_model='physical')
-    assert isinstance(mc, ModelChain)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('temp_model', [
-    'sapm_temp', 'faiman_temp', 'pvsyst_temp', 'fuentes_temp',
-    'noct_sam_temp'])
-def test_infer_temp_model(location, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                          pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_pvsyst_temp_system,
-                          pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_faiman_temp_system,
-                          pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_fuentes_temp_system,
-                          pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_noct_sam_temp_system,
-                          temp_model):
-    dc_systems = {'sapm_temp': sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'pvsyst_temp': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_pvsyst_temp_system,
-                  'faiman_temp': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_faiman_temp_system,
-                  'fuentes_temp': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_fuentes_temp_system,
-                  'noct_sam_temp': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_noct_sam_temp_system}
-    system = dc_systems[temp_model]
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location, aoi_model='physical',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    assert temp_model == mc.temperature_model.__name__
-    assert isinstance(mc, ModelChain)
-
-
-def test_infer_temp_model_invalid(location, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system):
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].temperature_model_parameters.pop('a')
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                   aoi_model='physical', spectral_model='no_loss')
-
-
-def test_temperature_model_inconsistent(location, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system):
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model='physical',
-                   spectral_model='no_loss', temperature_model='pvsyst')
-
-
-def test_temperature_model_not_specified():
-    location = Location(latitude=32.2, longitude=-110.9)
-    arrays = [pvsystem.Array(pvsystem.FixedMount(),
-                             module_parameters={'pdc0': 1, 'gamma_pdc': 0})]
-    system = pvsystem.PVSystem(arrays,
-                               temperature_model_parameters={'u0': 1, 'u1': 1},
-                               inverter_parameters={'pdc0': 1})
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match='Could not infer temperature model from '
-                             'ModelChain.system.'):
-        _ = ModelChain(system, location,
-                       aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-
-
-def test_dc_model_user_func(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather,
-                            mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(sys.modules[__name__], 'poadc')
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, dc_model=poadc,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_pvwatts_dc_multiple_strings(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location,
-                                     weather, mocker):
-    system = pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system
-    m = mocker.spy(system, 'scale_voltage_current_power')
-    mc1 = ModelChain(system, location,
-                     aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc1.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    system.arrays[0].modules_per_string = 2
-    mc2 = ModelChain(system, location,
-                     aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc2.run_model(weather)
-    assert isinstance(mc2.results.ac, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-    assert not mc2.results.ac.empty
-    expected = pd.Series(data=[2., np.nan], index=mc2.results.dc.index,
-                         name='p_mp')
-    assert_series_equal(mc2.results.dc / mc1.results.dc, expected)
-
-
-def acdc(mc):
-    mc.results.ac = mc.results.dc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('inverter_model', ['sandia', 'adr',
-                                            'pvwatts', 'sandia_multi',
-                                            'pvwatts_multi'])
-def test_ac_models(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, cec_dc_adr_ac_system,
-                   pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-                   pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system_arrays,
-                   location, inverter_model, weather, mocker):
-    ac_systems = {'sandia': sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                  'sandia_multi': cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-                  'adr': cec_dc_adr_ac_system,
-                  'pvwatts': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system,
-                  'pvwatts_multi': pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system_arrays}
-    inverter_to_ac_model = {
-        'sandia': 'sandia',
-        'sandia_multi': 'sandia',
-        'adr': 'adr',
-        'pvwatts': 'pvwatts',
-        'pvwatts_multi': 'pvwatts'}
-    ac_model = inverter_to_ac_model[inverter_model]
-    system = ac_systems[inverter_model]
-
-    mc_inferred = ModelChain(system, location,
-                             aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location, ac_model=ac_model,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-
-    # tests ModelChain.infer_ac_model
-    assert mc_inferred.ac_model.__name__ == mc.ac_model.__name__
-
-    m = mocker.spy(inverter, inverter_model)
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, pd.Series)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-def test_ac_model_user_func(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather,
-                            mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(sys.modules[__name__], 'acdc')
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, ac_model=acdc,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.ac, mc.results.dc)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_ac_model_not_a_model(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather):
-    exc_text = 'not a valid AC power model'
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=exc_text):
-        ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location,
-                   ac_model='not_a_model', aoi_model='no_loss',
-                   spectral_model='no_loss')
-
-
-def test_infer_ac_model_invalid_params(location):
-    # only the keys are relevant here, using arbitrary values
-    module_parameters = {'pdc0': 1, 'gamma_pdc': 1}
-    system = pvsystem.PVSystem(
-        arrays=[pvsystem.Array(
-            mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-            module_parameters=module_parameters
-        )],
-        inverter_parameters={'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='could not infer AC model'):
-        ModelChain(system, location)
-
-
-def constant_aoi_loss(mc):
-    mc.results.aoi_modifier = 0.9
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('aoi_model', [
-    'sapm', 'ashrae', 'physical', 'martin_ruiz'
-])
-def test_aoi_models(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model,
-                    weather, mocker):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model=aoi_model, spectral_model='no_loss')
-    m = mocker.spy(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, 'get_iam')
-    mc.run_model(weather=weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, pd.Series)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[0] > 150 and mc.results.ac.iloc[0] < 200
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('aoi_model', [
-    'sapm', 'ashrae', 'physical', 'martin_ruiz'
-])
-def test_aoi_models_singleon_weather_single_array(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, aoi_model, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model=aoi_model, spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather=[weather])
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.aoi_modifier, tuple)
-    assert len(mc.results.aoi_modifier) == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, pd.Series)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[0] > 150 and mc.results.ac.iloc[0] < 200
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-def test_aoi_model_no_loss(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert mc.results.aoi_modifier == 1.0
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[0] > 150 and mc.results.ac.iloc[0] < 200
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-def test_aoi_model_interp(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, mocker):
-    # similar to test_aoi_models but requires arguments to work, so we
-    # add 'interp' aoi losses model arguments to module
-    iam_ref = (1., 0.85)
-    theta_ref = (0., 80.)
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].module_parameters['iam_ref'] = iam_ref
-    sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays[0].module_parameters['theta_ref'] = theta_ref
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    dc_model='sapm', aoi_model='interp',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss')
-    m = mocker.spy(iam, 'interp')
-    mc.run_model(weather=weather)
-    # only test kwargs
-    assert m.call_args[1]['iam_ref'] == iam_ref
-    assert m.call_args[1]['theta_ref'] == theta_ref
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, pd.Series)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[0] > 150 and mc.results.ac.iloc[0] < 200
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-def test_aoi_model_user_func(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather, mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(sys.modules[__name__], 'constant_aoi_loss')
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model=constant_aoi_loss, spectral_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert mc.results.aoi_modifier == 0.9
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[0] > 140 and mc.results.ac.iloc[0] < 200
-    assert mc.results.ac.iloc[1] < 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('aoi_model', [
-    'sapm', 'ashrae', 'physical', 'martin_ruiz', 'interp'
-])
-def test_infer_aoi_model(location, system_no_aoi, aoi_model):
-    for k in iam._IAM_MODEL_PARAMS[aoi_model]:
-        system_no_aoi.arrays[0].module_parameters.update({k: 1.0})
-    mc = ModelChain(system_no_aoi, location, spectral_model='no_loss')
-    assert isinstance(mc, ModelChain)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('aoi_model,model_kwargs', [
-    # model_kwargs has both required and optional kwargs; test all
-    ('physical',
-     {'n': 1.526, 'K': 4.0, 'L': 0.002,  # required
-      'n_ar': 1.8}),  # extra
-    ('interp',
-     {'theta_ref': (0, 75, 85, 90), 'iam_ref': (1, 0.8, 0.42, 0),  # required
-      'method': 'cubic', 'normalize': False})])  # extra
-def test_infer_aoi_model_with_extra_params(location, system_no_aoi, aoi_model,
-                                           model_kwargs, weather, mocker):
-    # test extra parameters not defined at iam._IAM_MODEL_PARAMS are passed
-    m = mocker.spy(iam, aoi_model)
-    system_no_aoi.arrays[0].module_parameters.update(**model_kwargs)
-    mc = ModelChain(system_no_aoi, location, spectral_model='no_loss')
-    assert isinstance(mc, ModelChain)
-    mc.run_model(weather=weather)
-    _, call_kwargs = m.call_args
-    assert call_kwargs == model_kwargs
-
-
-def test_infer_aoi_model_invalid(location, system_no_aoi):
-    exc_text = 'could not infer AOI model'
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=exc_text):
-        ModelChain(system_no_aoi, location, spectral_model='no_loss')
-
-
-def constant_spectral_loss(mc):
-    mc.results.spectral_modifier = 0.9
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('spectral_model', [
-    'sapm', 'first_solar', 'no_loss', constant_spectral_loss
-])
-def test_spectral_models(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, spectral_model,
-                         weather):
-    # add pw to weather dataframe
-    weather['precipitable_water'] = [0.3, 0.5]
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model=spectral_model)
-    spectral_modifier = mc.run_model(weather).results.spectral_modifier
-    assert isinstance(spectral_modifier, (pd.Series, float, int))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('spectral_model', [
-    'sapm', 'first_solar', 'no_loss', constant_spectral_loss
-])
-def test_spectral_models_singleton_weather_single_array(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, spectral_model, weather):
-    # add pw to weather dataframe
-    weather['precipitable_water'] = [0.3, 0.5]
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, dc_model='sapm',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model=spectral_model)
-    spectral_modifier = mc.run_model([weather]).results.spectral_modifier
-    assert isinstance(spectral_modifier, tuple)
-    assert len(spectral_modifier) == 1
-    assert isinstance(spectral_modifier[0], (pd.Series, float, int))
-
-
-def constant_losses(mc):
-    mc.results.losses = 0.9
-    mc.results.dc *= mc.results.losses
-
-
-def dc_constant_losses(mc):
-    mc.results.dc['p_mp'] *= 0.9
-
-
-def test_dc_ohmic_model_ohms_from_percent(cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                          cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays,
-                                          location,
-                                          weather,
-                                          mocker):
-
-    m = mocker.spy(pvsystem, 'dc_ohms_from_percent')
-
-    system = cec_dc_snl_ac_system
-
-    for array in system.arrays:
-        array.array_losses_parameters = dict(dc_ohmic_percent=3)
-
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    dc_ohmic_model='dc_ohms_from_percent')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc_ohmic_losses, pd.Series)
-
-    system = cec_dc_snl_ac_arrays
-
-    for array in system.arrays:
-        array.array_losses_parameters = dict(dc_ohmic_percent=3)
-
-    mc = ModelChain(system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    dc_ohmic_model='dc_ohms_from_percent')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-    assert m.call_count == 3
-    assert len(mc.results.dc_ohmic_losses) == len(mc.system.arrays)
-
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.dc_ohmic_losses, tuple)
-
-
-def test_dc_ohmic_model_no_dc_ohmic_loss(cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                         location,
-                                         weather,
-                                         mocker):
-
-    m = mocker.spy(modelchain.ModelChain, 'no_dc_ohmic_loss')
-    mc = ModelChain(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    dc_ohmic_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-    assert mc.dc_ohmic_model == mc.no_dc_ohmic_loss
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert mc.results.dc_ohmic_losses is None
-
-
-def test_dc_ohmic_ext_def(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                          weather, mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(sys.modules[__name__], 'dc_constant_losses')
-    mc = ModelChain(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss',
-                    spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    dc_ohmic_model=dc_constant_losses)
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_dc_ohmic_not_a_model(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                              weather, mocker):
-    exc_text = 'not_a_dc_model is not a valid losses model'
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=exc_text):
-        ModelChain(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                   aoi_model='no_loss',
-                   spectral_model='no_loss',
-                   dc_ohmic_model='not_a_dc_model')
-
-
-def test_losses_models_pvwatts(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather,
-                               mocker):
-    age = 1
-    pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system.losses_parameters = dict(age=age)
-    m = mocker.spy(pvsystem, 'pvwatts_losses')
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, dc_model='pvwatts',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model='pvwatts')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    m.assert_called_with(age=age)
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-    # check that we're applying correction to dc
-    # GH 696
-    dc_with_loss = mc.results.dc
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, dc_model='pvwatts',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert not np.allclose(mc.results.dc, dc_with_loss, equal_nan=True)
-
-
-def test_losses_models_pvwatts_arrays(multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                      location, weather):
-    age = 1
-    system_both = multi_array_sapm_dc_snl_ac_system['two_array_system']
-    system_both.losses_parameters = dict(age=age)
-    mc = ModelChain(system_both, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model='pvwatts')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    dc_with_loss = mc.results.dc
-    mc = ModelChain(system_both, location,
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model='no_loss')
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert not np.allclose(mc.results.dc[0], dc_with_loss[0], equal_nan=True)
-    assert not np.allclose(mc.results.dc[1], dc_with_loss[1], equal_nan=True)
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_losses_models_ext_def(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather,
-                               mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(sys.modules[__name__], 'constant_losses')
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, dc_model='pvwatts',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model=constant_losses)
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 1
-    assert isinstance(mc.results.ac, (pd.Series, pd.DataFrame))
-    assert mc.results.losses == 0.9
-    assert not mc.results.ac.empty
-
-
-def test_losses_models_no_loss(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, weather,
-                               mocker):
-    m = mocker.spy(pvsystem, 'pvwatts_losses')
-    mc = ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, dc_model='pvwatts',
-                    aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                    losses_model='no_loss')
-    assert mc.losses_model == mc.no_extra_losses
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert m.call_count == 0
-    assert mc.results.losses == 1
-
-
-def test_invalid_dc_model_params(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, cec_dc_snl_ac_system,
-                                 pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location):
-    kwargs = {'dc_model': 'sapm', 'ac_model': 'sandia',
-              'aoi_model': 'no_loss', 'spectral_model': 'no_loss',
-              'temperature_model': 'sapm', 'losses_model': 'no_loss'}
-    for array in sapm_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays:
-        array.module_parameters.pop('A0')  # remove a parameter
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, **kwargs)
-
-    kwargs['dc_model'] = 'singlediode'
-    for array in cec_dc_snl_ac_system.arrays:
-        array.module_parameters.pop('a_ref')  # remove a parameter
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        ModelChain(cec_dc_snl_ac_system, location, **kwargs)
-
-    kwargs['dc_model'] = 'pvwatts'
-    kwargs['ac_model'] = 'pvwatts'
-    for array in pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system.arrays:
-        array.module_parameters.pop('pdc0')
-
-    match = 'one or more Arrays are missing one or more required parameters'
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
-        ModelChain(pvwatts_dc_pvwatts_ac_system, location, **kwargs)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('model', [
-    'dc_model', 'ac_model', 'aoi_model', 'spectral_model',
-    'temperature_model', 'losses_model'
-])
-def test_invalid_models(model, sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    kwargs = {'dc_model': 'pvwatts', 'ac_model': 'pvwatts',
-              'aoi_model': 'no_loss', 'spectral_model': 'no_loss',
-              'temperature_model': 'sapm', 'losses_model': 'no_loss'}
-    kwargs[model] = 'invalid'
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, **kwargs)
-
-
-def test_bad_get_orientation():
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        modelchain.get_orientation('bad value')
-
-
-# tests for PVSystem with multiple Arrays
-def test_with_sapm_pvsystem_arrays(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location,
-                                   weather):
-    mc = ModelChain.with_sapm(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_Array, location,
-                              ac_model='sandia')
-    assert mc.dc_model == mc.sapm
-    assert mc.ac_model == mc.sandia_inverter
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    assert mc.results
-
-
-def test_ModelChain_no_extra_kwargs(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arbitrary_kwarg"):
-        ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, arbitrary_kwarg='value')
-
-
-def test_complete_irradiance_clean_run(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    """The DataFrame should not change if all columns are passed"""
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    times = pd.date_range('2010-07-05 9:00:00', periods=2, freq='h')
-    i = pd.DataFrame(
-        {'dni': [2, 3], 'dhi': [4, 6], 'ghi': [9, 5]}, index=times)
-
-    mc.complete_irradiance(i)
-
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['dni'],
-                        pd.Series([2, 3], index=times, name='dni'))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['dhi'],
-                        pd.Series([4, 6], index=times, name='dhi'))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['ghi'],
-                        pd.Series([9, 5], index=times, name='ghi'))
-
-
-def test_complete_irradiance(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, mocker):
-    """Check calculations"""
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    times = pd.date_range('2010-07-05 7:00:00-0700', periods=2, freq='h')
-    i = pd.DataFrame({'dni': [49.756966, 62.153947],
-                      'ghi': [372.103976116, 497.087579068],
-                      'dhi': [356.543700, 465.44400]}, index=times)
-
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
-        mc.complete_irradiance(i[['ghi', 'dni']])
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['dhi'],
-                        pd.Series([356.543700, 465.44400],
-                                  index=times, name='dhi'))
-
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
-        mc.complete_irradiance(i[['dhi', 'dni']])
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['ghi'],
-                        pd.Series([372.103976116, 497.087579068],
-                                  index=times, name='ghi'))
-
-    # check that clearsky_model is used correctly
-    m_ineichen = mocker.spy(location, 'get_clearsky')
-    mc.complete_irradiance(i[['dhi', 'ghi']])
-    assert m_ineichen.call_count == 1
-    assert m_ineichen.call_args[1]['model'] == 'ineichen'
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather['dni'],
-                        pd.Series([49.756966, 62.153947],
-                                  index=times, name='dni'))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:This function is not safe at the moment")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_complete_irradiance_arrays(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location, input_type):
-    """ModelChain.complete_irradiance can accept a tuple of weather
-    DataFrames."""
-    times = pd.date_range(start='2020-01-01 0700-0700', periods=2, freq='h')
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'dni': [2, 3],
-                            'dhi': [4, 6],
-                            'ghi': [9, 5]}, index=times)
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError,
-                       match=r"Input DataFrames must have same index\."):
-        mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather, weather[1:])))
-    mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather, weather)))
-    for mc_weather in mc.results.weather:
-        assert_series_equal(mc_weather['dni'],
-                            pd.Series([2, 3], index=times, name='dni'))
-        assert_series_equal(mc_weather['dhi'],
-                            pd.Series([4, 6], index=times, name='dhi'))
-        assert_series_equal(mc_weather['ghi'],
-                            pd.Series([9, 5], index=times, name='ghi'))
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location)
-    mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather[['ghi', 'dhi']],
-                                       weather[['dhi', 'dni']])))
-    assert 'dni' in mc.results.weather[0].columns
-    assert 'ghi' in mc.results.weather[1].columns
-    mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather, weather[['ghi', 'dni']])))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather[0]['dhi'],
-                        pd.Series([4, 6], index=times, name='dhi'))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather[0]['ghi'],
-                        pd.Series([9, 5], index=times, name='ghi'))
-    assert_series_equal(mc.results.weather[0]['dni'],
-                        pd.Series([2, 3], index=times, name='dni'))
-    assert 'dhi' in mc.results.weather[1].columns
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", [tuple, list])
-def test_complete_irradiance_arrays_wrong_length(
-        sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location, input_type):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system_same_arrays, location)
-    times = pd.date_range(start='2020-01-01 0700-0700', periods=2, freq='h')
-    weather = pd.DataFrame({'dni': [2, 3],
-                            'dhi': [4, 6],
-                            'ghi': [9, 5]}, index=times)
-    error_str = "Input must be same length as number " \
-                r"of Arrays in system\. Expected 2, got [0-9]+\."
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=error_str):
-        mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather,)))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=error_str):
-        mc.complete_irradiance(input_type((weather, weather, weather)))
-
-
-def test_unknown_attribute(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        mc.unknown_attribute
-
-
-def test_inconsistent_array_params(location,
-                                   sapm_module_params,
-                                   cec_module_params):
-    module_error = ".* selected for the DC model but one or more Arrays are " \
-                   "missing one or more required parameters"
-    temperature_error = 'Could not infer temperature model from ' \
-                        'ModelChain.system.  '
-    different_module_system = pvsystem.PVSystem(
-        arrays=[
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=sapm_module_params),
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=cec_module_params),
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=cec_module_params)]
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=module_error):
-        ModelChain(different_module_system, location, dc_model='cec')
-    different_temp_system = pvsystem.PVSystem(
-        arrays=[
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=cec_module_params,
-                temperature_model_parameters={'a': 1,
-                                              'b': 1,
-                                              'deltaT': 1}),
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=cec_module_params,
-                temperature_model_parameters={'a': 2,
-                                              'b': 2,
-                                              'deltaT': 2}),
-            pvsystem.Array(
-                mount=pvsystem.FixedMount(0, 180),
-                module_parameters=cec_module_params,
-                temperature_model_parameters={'b': 3, 'deltaT': 3})]
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=temperature_error):
-        ModelChain(different_temp_system, location,
-                   ac_model='sandia',
-                   aoi_model='no_loss', spectral_model='no_loss',
-                   temperature_model='sapm')
-
-
-def test_modelchain__common_keys():
-    dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 1}
-    series = pd.Series(dictionary)
-    assert {'a', 'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        {'a': 1, 'b': 1}
-    )
-    assert {'a', 'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        pd.Series({'a': 1, 'b': 1})
-    )
-    assert {'a', 'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        (dictionary, series)
-    )
-    no_a = dictionary.copy()
-    del no_a['a']
-    assert {'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        (dictionary, no_a)
-    )
-    assert {'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        (series, pd.Series(no_a))
-    )
-    assert {'b'} == modelchain._common_keys(
-        (series, no_a)
-    )
-
-
-def test__irrad_for_celltemp():
-    total_irrad = pd.DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=['poa_global'],
-                               data=[10., 20.])
-    empty = total_irrad.drop('poa_global', axis=1)
-    effect_irrad = pd.Series(index=total_irrad.index, data=[5., 8.])
-    # test with single array inputs
-    poa = modelchain._irrad_for_celltemp(total_irrad, effect_irrad)
-    assert_series_equal(poa, total_irrad['poa_global'])
-    poa = modelchain._irrad_for_celltemp(empty, effect_irrad)
-    assert_series_equal(poa, effect_irrad)
-    # test with tuples
-    poa = modelchain._irrad_for_celltemp(
-        (total_irrad, total_irrad), (effect_irrad, effect_irrad))
-    assert len(poa) == 2
-    assert_series_equal(poa[0], total_irrad['poa_global'])
-    assert_series_equal(poa[1], total_irrad['poa_global'])
-    poa = modelchain._irrad_for_celltemp(
-        (empty, empty), (effect_irrad, effect_irrad))
-    assert len(poa) == 2
-    assert_series_equal(poa[0], effect_irrad)
-    assert_series_equal(poa[1], effect_irrad)
-
-
-def test_ModelChain___repr__(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location):
-
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location,
-                    name='my mc')
-
-    expected = '\n'.join([
-        'ModelChain: ',
-        '  name: my mc',
-        '  clearsky_model: ineichen',
-        '  transposition_model: haydavies',
-        '  solar_position_method: nrel_numpy',
-        '  airmass_model: kastenyoung1989',
-        '  dc_model: sapm',
-        '  ac_model: sandia_inverter',
-        '  aoi_model: sapm_aoi_loss',
-        '  spectral_model: sapm_spectral_loss',
-        '  temperature_model: sapm_temp',
-        '  losses_model: no_extra_losses'
-    ])
-
-    assert mc.__repr__() == expected
-
-
-def test_ModelChainResult___repr__(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location, weather):
-    mc = ModelChain(sapm_dc_snl_ac_system, location)
-    mc.run_model(weather)
-    mcres = mc.results.__repr__()
-    mc_attrs = dir(mc.results)
-    mc_attrs = [a for a in mc_attrs if not a.startswith('_')]
-    assert all(a in mcres for a in mc_attrs)