passagemath-repl 10.5.28__py3-none-any.whl → 10.5.30__py3-none-any.whl

sage/tests/books/judson-abstract-algebra/galois-sage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-repl
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.groups sage.rings.number_field
+##          Sage Doctest File         ##
+#**************************************#
+#*    Generated from PreTeXt source   *#
+#*    on 2017-08-24T11:43:34-07:00    *#
+#*                                    *#
+#*   http://mathbook.pugetsound.edu   *#
+#*                                    *#
+#**************************************#
+##
+"""
+Please contact Rob Beezer (beezer@ups.edu) with
+any test failures here that need to be changed
+as a result of changes accepted into Sage.  You
+may edit/change this file in any sensible way, so
+that development work may procede.  Your changes
+may later be replaced by the authors of "Abstract
+Algebra: Theory and Applications" when the text is
+updated, and a replacement of this file is proposed
+for review.
+"""
+##
+## To execute doctests in these files, run
+##   $ $SAGE_ROOT/sage -t <directory-of-these-files>
+## or
+##   $ $SAGE_ROOT/sage -t <a-single-file>
+##
+## Replace -t by "-tp n" for parallel testing,
+##   "-tp 0" will use a sensible number of threads
+##
+## See: http://www.sagemath.org/doc/developer/doctesting.html
+##   or run  $ $SAGE_ROOT/sage --advanced  for brief help
+##
+## Generated at 2017-08-24T11:43:34-07:00
+## From "Abstract Algebra"
+## At commit 26d3cac0b4047f4b8d6f737542be455606e2c4b4
+##
+## Section 23.6 Sage
+##
+r"""
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: x = polygen(QQ, 'x')
+    sage: N.<a> = NumberField(x^4 - 2); N
+    Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^4 - 2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: L.<b> = N.galois_closure(); L
+    Number Field in b with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: L.degree()
+    8
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: y = polygen(L, 'y')
+    sage: (y^4 - 2).factor()
+    (y - 1/120*b^5 -  19/60*b) *
+    (y - 1/240*b^5 + 41/120*b) *
+    (y + 1/240*b^5 - 41/120*b) *
+    (y + 1/120*b^5 +  19/60*b)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G = L.galois_group(); G
+    Galois group 8T4 ([4]2) with order 8 of x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G.is_abelian()
+    False
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G.order()
+    8
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G.list()
+    [(), (1,2,8,7)(3,4,6,5),
+    (1,3)(2,5)(4,7)(6,8), (1,4)(2,3)(5,8)(6,7),
+    (1,5)(2,6)(3,7)(4,8), (1,6)(2,4)(3,8)(5,7),
+    (1,7,8,2)(3,5,6,4), (1,8)(2,7)(3,6)(4,5)]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G.is_isomorphic(DihedralGroup(4))
+    True
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: x = polygen(QQ, 'x')
+    sage: p = x^4 - 2
+    sage: N.<a> = NumberField(p); N
+    Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^4 - 2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: y = polygen(N, 'y')
+    sage: p = p.subs(x=y)
+    sage: p.factor()
+    (y - a) * (y + a) * (y^2 + a^2)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: M.<b> = NumberField(y^2 + a^2); M
+    Number Field in b with defining polynomial y^2 + a^2 over
+    its base field
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: z = polygen(M, 'z')
+    sage: (z^4 - 2).factor()
+    (z - b) * (z - a) * (z + a) * (z + b)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: L.<c> = M.absolute_field(); L
+    Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL, toL = L.structure()
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: roots = p.roots(ring=L, multiplicities=False); roots
+    [1/120*c^5 +  19/60*c,
+     1/240*c^5 - 41/120*c,
+    -1/240*c^5 + 41/120*c,
+    -1/120*c^5 -  19/60*c]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: [fromL(r) for r in roots]
+    [b, a, -a, -b]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: G = End(L); G
+    Automorphism group of Number Field in c with
+    defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: [tau(1) for tau in G]
+    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: Sequence([[fromL(tau(r)) for r in roots] for tau in G], cr=True)
+    [[b, a, -a, -b],
+     [-b, -a, a, b],
+     [a, -b, b, -a],
+     [b, -a, a, -b],
+     [-a, -b, b, a],
+     [a, b, -b, -a],
+     [-b, a, -a, b],
+     [-a, b, -b, a]]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: S4 = SymmetricGroup(4)
+    sage: elements = [S4([1, 2, 3, 4]),
+    ....:             S4([4, 3, 2, 1]),
+    ....:             S4([2, 4, 1, 3]),
+    ....:             S4([1, 3, 2, 4]),
+    ....:             S4([3, 4, 1, 2]),
+    ....:             S4([2, 1, 4, 3]),
+    ....:             S4([4, 2, 3, 1]),
+    ....:             S4([3, 1, 4, 2])]
+    sage: elements
+    [(), (1,4)(2,3), (1,2,4,3), (2,3), (1,3)(2,4),
+     (1,2)(3,4), (1,4), (1,3,4,2)]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: P = S4.subgroup(elements)
+    sage: P.is_isomorphic(DihedralGroup(4))
+    True
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: basis = L.power_basis(); basis
+    [1, c, c^2, c^3, c^4, c^5, c^6, c^7]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau = G[3]
+    sage: z = 4 + 5*c+ 6*c^3-7*c^6
+    sage: tz = tau(4 + 5*c+ 6*c^3-7*c^6); tz
+    11/250*c^7 - 98/25*c^6 + 1/12*c^5 + 779/125*c^3 +
+    6006/25*c^2 - 11/6*c + 4
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tz.vector()
+    (4, -11/6, 6006/25, 779/125, 0, 1/12, -98/25, 11/250)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau_matrix = column_matrix([tau(be).vector() for be in basis])
+    sage: tau_matrix
+    [  1       0       0        0  -28       0        0          0]
+    [  0  -11/30       0        0    0  779/15        0          0]
+    [  0       0  -14/25        0    0       0  -858/25          0]
+    [  0       0       0  779/750    0       0        0  -4031/375]
+    [  0       0       0        0   -1       0        0          0]
+    [  0    1/60       0        0    0   11/30        0          0]
+    [  0       0   -1/50        0    0       0    14/25          0]
+    [  0       0       0  11/1500    0       0        0   -779/750]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau_matrix*z.vector()
+    (4, -11/6, 6006/25, 779/125, 0, 1/12, -98/25, 11/250)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau_matrix*(z.vector()) == (tau(z)).vector()
+    True
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: K = (tau_matrix-identity_matrix(8)).right_kernel(); K
+    Vector space of degree 8 and dimension 4 over Rational Field
+    Basis matrix:
+    [    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0]
+    [    0     1     0     0     0  1/38     0     0]
+    [    0     0     1     0     0     0 -1/22     0]
+    [    0     0     0     1     0     0     0 1/278]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(1)
+    1
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(c + (1/38)*c^5)
+    60/19*b
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(c^2 - (1/22)*c^6)
+    150/11*a^2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(c^3 + (1/278)*c^7)
+    1500/139*a^2*b
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: a^2 + b^2
+    0
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: sg = P.subgroups()
+    sage: [H.gens() for H in sg]
+    [((),),
+     ((1,4)(2,3),),
+     ((2,3),),
+     ((1,4),),
+     ((1,2)(3,4),),
+     ((1,3)(2,4),),
+     ((1,4)(2,3), (2,3)),
+     ((1,4)(2,3), (1,2,4,3)),
+     ((1,4)(2,3), (1,2)(3,4)),
+     ((1,4)(2,3), (2,3), (1,2,4,3))]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: [H.order() for H in sg]
+    [1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 8]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau = G[4]
+    sage: tau_matrix = column_matrix([tau(be).vector() for be in basis])
+    sage: (tau_matrix-identity_matrix(8)).right_kernel()
+    Vector space of degree 8 and dimension 4 over Rational Field
+    Basis matrix:
+    [     1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0]
+    [     0      1      0      0      0  1/158      0      0]
+    [     0      0      1      0      0      0   1/78      0]
+    [     0      0      0      1      0      0      0 13/614]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(1))
+    1
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c+(1/158)*c^5))
+    120/79*b - 120/79*a
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^2+(1/78)*c^6))
+    -200/39*a*b
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^3+(13/614)*c^7))
+    3000/307*a^2*b + 3000/307*a^3
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: (b-a)^2
+    -2*a*b
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: (b-a)^3
+    2*a^2*b + 2*a^3
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: subinfo = L.subfield((79/120)*(c+(1/158)*c^5)); subinfo
+    (Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x^4 + 8 with c0 = 1/240*c^5 + 79/120*c,
+     Ring morphism:
+       From: Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x^4 + 8 with c0 = 1/240*c^5 + 79/120*c
+       To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+       Defn: c0 |--> 1/240*c^5 + 79/120*c)
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: V = QQ^8
+    sage: for tau in [G[0], G[1], G[3], G[6]]:
+    ....:   tau_matrix = column_matrix([tau(be).vector() for be in basis])
+    ....:   K = (tau_matrix-identity_matrix(8)).right_kernel()
+    ....:   V = V.intersection(K)
+    sage: V
+    Vector space of degree 8 and dimension 2 over Rational Field
+    Basis matrix:
+    [    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0]
+    [    0     0     1     0     0     0 -1/22     0]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^2 - (1/22)*c^6))
+    150/11*a^2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: F, mapping = L.subfield((11/150)*(c^2 - (1/22)*c^6))
+    sage: F
+    Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 with c0 = -1/300*c^6 + 11/150*c^2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: V = QQ^8
+    sage: for tau in [G[0], G[1], G[2], G[7]]:
+    ....:   tau_matrix = column_matrix([tau(be).vector() for be in basis])
+    ....:   K = (tau_matrix-identity_matrix(8)).right_kernel()
+    ....:   V = V.intersection(K)
+    sage: V
+    Vector space of degree 8 and dimension 2 over Rational Field
+    Basis matrix:
+    [1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
+    [0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^4))
+    -24*a^3*b - 14
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: F, mapping = L.subfield((c^4+14)/-48)
+    sage: F
+    Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x^2 + 1 with c0 = -1/48*c^4 - 7/24
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: L.subfields()
+    [(Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c0 with defining polynomial x
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: 0 |--> 0,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c1 with defining polynomial x^2 + 112*x + 40000,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c1 with defining polynomial x^2 + 112*x + 40000
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c1 |--> 4*c^4,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c2 with defining polynomial x^2 + 512,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c2 with defining polynomial x^2 + 512
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c2 |--> 1/25*c^6 + 78/25*c^2,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c3 with defining polynomial x^2 - 288,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c3 with defining polynomial x^2 - 288
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c3 |--> -1/25*c^6 + 22/25*c^2,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 112*x^2 + 40000,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 112*x^2 + 40000
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c4 |--> 2*c^2,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c5 with defining polynomial x^4 + 8,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c5 with defining polynomial x^4 + 8
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c5 |--> -1/80*c^5 + 1/40*c,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c6 with defining polynomial x^4 + 648,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c6 with defining polynomial x^4 + 648
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c6 |--> 1/80*c^5 + 79/40*c,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c7 with defining polynomial x^4 - 512,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c7 with defining polynomial x^4 - 512
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c7 |--> -1/60*c^5 + 41/30*c,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c8 with defining polynomial x^4 - 32,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c8 with defining polynomial x^4 - 32
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c8 |--> 1/60*c^5 + 19/30*c,
+      None),
+     (Number Field in c9 with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c9 with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        To:   Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c9 |--> c,
+      Ring morphism:
+        From: Number Field in c with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        To:   Number Field in c9 with defining polynomial x^8 + 28*x^4 + 2500
+        Defn: c |--> c9)]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: tau = G[6]
+    sage: tau_matrix = column_matrix([tau(be).vector() for be in basis])
+    sage: (tau_matrix-identity_matrix(8)).right_kernel()
+    Vector space of degree 8 and dimension 4 over Rational Field
+    Basis matrix:
+    [    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0]
+    [    0     1     0     0     0 -1/82     0     0]
+    [    0     0     1     0     0     0 -1/22     0]
+    [    0     0     0     1     0     0     0 11/58]
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(1))
+    1
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c+(-1/82)*c^5))
+    -120/41*a
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^2+(-1/22)*c^6))
+    150/11*a^2
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: fromL(tau(c^3+(11/58)*c^7))
+    3000/29*a^3
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ::
+
+    sage: sg[2].is_normal(P)
+    False
+"""