passagemath-plot 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sage/plot/plot3d/platonic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-plot
+r"""
+Platonic solids
+
+EXAMPLES: The five platonic solids in a row:
+
+::
+
+    sage: G = tetrahedron((0,-3.5,0), color='blue') + cube((0,-2,0),color=(.25,0,.5))
+    sage: G += octahedron(color='red') + dodecahedron((0,2,0), color='orange')
+    sage: G += icosahedron(center=(0,4,0), color='yellow')
+    sage: G.show(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1])
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    G = tetrahedron((0,-3.5,0), color='blue') + cube((0,-2,0),color=(.25,0,.5))
+    G += octahedron(color='red') + dodecahedron((0,2,0), color='orange')
+    G += icosahedron(center=(0,4,0), color='yellow')
+    sphinx_plot(G)
+
+All the platonic solids in the same place::
+
+    sage: G = tetrahedron(color='blue',opacity=0.7)
+    sage: G += cube(color=(.25,0,.5), opacity=0.7)
+    sage: G += octahedron(color='red', opacity=0.7)
+    sage: G += dodecahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.7) + icosahedron(opacity=0.7)
+    sage: G.show(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1])
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    G = tetrahedron(color='blue',opacity=0.7)
+    G += cube(color=(.25,0,.5), opacity=0.7)
+    G += octahedron(color='red', opacity=0.7)
+    G += dodecahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.7) + icosahedron(opacity=0.7)
+    sphinx_plot(G)
+
+Display nice faces only::
+
+    sage: icosahedron().stickers(['red','blue'], .075, .1)
+    Graphics3d Object
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    sphinx_plot(icosahedron().stickers(['red','blue'], .075, .1))
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Robert Bradshaw (2007, 2008): initial version
+
+- William Stein
+"""
+
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#      Copyright (C) 2007 Robert Bradshaw <robertwb@math.washington.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+#    General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.rings.real_double import RDF
+from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+from sage.misc.decorators import rename_keyword
+from .shapes import Box, ColorCube
+from .shapes2 import frame3d
+from .index_face_set import IndexFaceSet
+
+
+def index_face_set(face_list, point_list, enclosed, **kwds):
+    """
+    Helper function that creates ``IndexFaceSet`` object for the
+    tetrahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``face_list`` -- list of faces, given explicitly from the
+      solid invocation
+
+    - ``point_list`` -- list of points, given explicitly from the
+      solid invocation
+
+    - ``enclosed`` -- boolean (default: ``True`` for these solids)
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Verify that these are working and passing on keywords::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(center=(2,0,0),size=2,color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: dodecahedron(center=(2,0,0),size=2,color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: icosahedron(center=(2,0,0),size=2,color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+    """
+    if 'center' in kwds:
+        center = kwds['center']
+        del kwds['center']
+    else:
+        center = (0, 0, 0)
+    if 'size' in kwds:
+        size = kwds['size']
+        del kwds['size']
+    else:
+        size = 1
+    I = IndexFaceSet(face_list, point_list, enclosed=enclosed, **kwds)
+    return prep(I, center, size, kwds)
+
+
+def prep(G, center, size, kwds):
+    """
+    Helper function that scales and translates the platonic
+    solid, and passes extra keywords on.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- 3-tuple indicating the center (default: the origin
+      `(0,0,0)`, passed from :func:`index_face_set`)
+
+    - ``size`` -- number indicating amount to scale by (default: 1,
+      passed from :func:`index_face_set`)
+
+    - ``kwds`` -- dictionary of keywords, passed from solid
+      invocation by :func:`index_face_set`
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Verify that scaling and moving the center work together properly,
+    and that keywords are passed (see :issue:`10796`)::
+
+        sage: octahedron(center=(2,0,0),size=2,color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+    """
+    kwds['threejs_flat_shading'] = True
+    G._set_extra_kwds(kwds)
+    if size != 1:
+        G = G.scale(size)
+    if center != (0, 0, 0):
+        G = G.translate(center)
+    return G
+
+
+@rename_keyword(alpha='opacity')
+def tetrahedron(center=(0, 0, 0), size=1, **kwds):
+    """
+    A 3d tetrahedron.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: (0,0,0))
+
+    - ``size`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``color`` -- string (``'red'``, ``'green'``, etc)
+      or a tuple (r, g, b) with r, g, b numbers between 0 and 1
+
+    - ``opacity`` -- (default: 1) if less than 1 then is
+      transparent
+
+    EXAMPLES: A default colored tetrahedron at the origin::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron()
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron())
+
+    A transparent green tetrahedron in front of a solid red one::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(opacity=0.8, color='green') + tetrahedron((-2,1,0),color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron(opacity=0.8, color='green') + tetrahedron((-2,1,0),color='red'))
+
+    A translucent tetrahedron sharing space with a sphere::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(color='yellow',opacity=0.7) + sphere(size=.5, color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron(color='yellow',opacity=0.7) + sphere(size = .5, color='red'))
+
+    A big tetrahedron::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(size=10)
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron(size=10))
+
+    A wide tetrahedron::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale((4,4,1))
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale((4,4,1)))
+
+    A red and blue tetrahedron touching noses::
+
+        sage: tetrahedron(color='red') + tetrahedron((0,0,-2)).scale([1,1,-1])
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(tetrahedron(color='red') + tetrahedron((0,0,-2)).scale([1,1,-1]))
+
+    A Dodecahedral complex of 5 tetrahedra (a more elaborate example
+    from Peter Jipsen)::
+
+        sage: from math import pi
+        sage: v = (sqrt(5.)/2-5/6, 5/6*sqrt(3.)-sqrt(15.)/2, sqrt(5.)/3)
+        sage: t = acos(sqrt(5.)/3)/2
+        sage: t1 = tetrahedron(aspect_ratio=(1,1,1), opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t)
+        sage: t2 = tetrahedron(color='red', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,2*pi/5)
+        sage: t3 = tetrahedron(color='green', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,4*pi/5)
+        sage: t4 = tetrahedron(color='yellow', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,6*pi/5)
+        sage: t5 = tetrahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,8*pi/5)
+        sage: show(t1+t2+t3+t4+t5, frame=False, zoom=1.3)
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        v=(sqrt(5.)/2-5/6, 5/6*sqrt(3.)-sqrt(15.)/2, sqrt(5.)/3)
+        t=acos(sqrt(5.)/3)/2
+        t1=tetrahedron(aspect_ratio=(1,1,1), opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t)
+        t2=tetrahedron(color='red', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,2*pi/5)
+        t3=tetrahedron(color='green', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,4*pi/5)
+        t4=tetrahedron(color='yellow', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,6*pi/5)
+        t5=tetrahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.5).rotateZ(t).rotate(v,8*pi/5)
+        sphinx_plot(t1+t2+t3+t4+t5)
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - Robert Bradshaw and William Stein
+    """
+    RR = RDF
+    one = RR.one()
+    sqrt2 = RR(2).sqrt()
+    sqrt6 = RR(6).sqrt()
+    point_list = [(0, 0, 1),
+                  (2*sqrt2/3, 0, -one/3),
+                  (-sqrt2/3, sqrt6/3, -one/3),
+                  (-sqrt2/3, -sqrt6/3, -one/3)]
+    face_list = [[0,1,2],[1,3,2],[0,2,3],[0,3,1]]
+    if 'aspect_ratio' not in kwds:
+        kwds['aspect_ratio'] = [1, 1, 1]
+    return index_face_set(face_list, point_list, enclosed=True, center=center, size=size, **kwds)
+
+
+@rename_keyword(alpha='opacity')
+def cube(center=(0, 0, 0), size=1, color=None, frame_thickness=0,
+         frame_color=None, **kwds):
+    """
+    A 3D cube centered at the origin with default side lengths 1.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: (0,0,0))
+
+    - ``size`` -- (default: 1) the side lengths of the cube
+
+    - ``color`` -- string that describes a color; this
+      can also be a list of 3-tuples or strings length 6 or 3, in which
+      case the faces (and oppositive faces) are colored
+
+    - ``frame_thickness`` -- (default: 0) if positive,
+      then thickness of the frame
+
+    - ``frame_color`` -- (default: ``None``) if given, gives
+      the color of the frame
+
+    - ``opacity`` -- (default: 1) if less than 1 then it's transparent
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    A simple cube::
+
+        sage: cube()
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube())
+
+    A red cube::
+
+        sage: cube(color='red')
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(color='red'))
+
+    A transparent grey cube that contains a red cube::
+
+        sage: cube(opacity=0.8, color='grey') + cube(size=3/4)
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(opacity=0.8, color='grey') + cube(size=3/4))
+
+    A transparent colored cube::
+
+        sage: cube(color=['red', 'green', 'blue'], opacity=0.5)
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(color=['red', 'green', 'blue'], opacity=0.5))
+
+    A bunch of random cubes::
+
+        sage: v = [(random(), random(), random()) for _ in [1..30]]
+        sage: sum([cube((10*a,10*b,10*c), size=random()/3, color=(a,b,c)) for a,b,c in v])
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        v = [(random(), random(), random()) for _ in range(30)]
+        sphinx_plot(sum([cube((10*a,10*b,10*c), size=random()/3, color=(a,b,c)) for a,b,c in v]))
+
+    Non-square cubes (boxes)::
+
+        sage: cube(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3])
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3]))
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green'],aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3])
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green'],aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3]))
+
+    And one that is colored::
+
+        sage: cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green', 'black', 'white', 'orange'],
+        ....:      aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3])
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green', 'black', 'white', 'orange'],aspect_ratio=[1,1,1]).scale([1,2,3]))
+
+    A nice translucent color cube with a frame::
+
+        sage: c = cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green'], frame=False, frame_thickness=2,
+        ....:          frame_color='brown', opacity=0.8)
+        sage: c
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        c = cube(color=['red', 'blue', 'green'], frame=False, frame_thickness=2,frame_color='brown', opacity=0.8)
+        sphinx_plot(c)
+
+    A raytraced color cube with frame and transparency::
+
+        sage: c.show(viewer='tachyon')
+
+    This shows :issue:`11272` has been fixed::
+
+        sage: cube(center=(10, 10, 10), size=0.5).bounding_box()
+        ((9.75, 9.75, 9.75), (10.25, 10.25, 10.25))
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - William Stein
+    """
+    if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)) and len(color) > 0 and isinstance(color[0], (list, tuple, str)):
+        B = ColorCube(size=[0.5,0.5,0.5], colors=color, **kwds)
+    else:
+        if color is not None:
+            kwds['color'] = color
+        B = Box(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, **kwds)
+    if frame_thickness > 0:
+        if frame_color is None:
+            B += frame3d((-0.5,-0.5,-0.5),(0.5,0.5,0.5), thickness=frame_thickness)
+        else:
+            B += frame3d((-0.5,-0.5,-0.5),(0.5,0.5,0.5), thickness=frame_thickness, color=frame_color)
+    return prep(B, center, size, kwds)
+
+
+@rename_keyword(alpha='opacity')
+def octahedron(center=(0, 0, 0), size=1, **kwds):
+    r"""
+    Return an octahedron.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: (0,0,0))
+
+    - ``size`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``color`` -- string that describes a color; this
+      can also be a list of 3-tuples or strings length 6 or 3, in which
+      case the faces (and oppositive faces) are colored
+
+    - ``opacity`` -- (default: 1) if less than 1 then is transparent
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: G = octahedron((1,4,3), color='orange')
+        sage: G += octahedron((0,2,1), size=2, opacity=0.6)
+        sage: G
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        G = octahedron((1,4,3), color='orange')
+        G += octahedron((0,2,1), size=2, opacity=0.6)
+        sphinx_plot(G)
+    """
+    kwds['enclosed'] = True
+    if 'aspect_ratio' not in kwds:
+        kwds['aspect_ratio'] = [1, 1, 1]
+    return prep(Box(1, 1, 1).dual(**kwds), center, size, kwds)
+
+
+@rename_keyword(alpha='opacity')
+def dodecahedron(center=(0, 0, 0), size=1, **kwds):
+    r"""
+    A dodecahedron.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: (0,0,0))
+
+    - ``size`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``color`` -- string that describes a color; this
+      can also be a list of 3-tuples or strings length 6 or 3, in which
+      case the faces (and oppositive faces) are colored
+
+    - ``opacity`` -- (default: 1) if less than 1 then is transparent
+
+    EXAMPLES: A plain Dodecahedron::
+
+        sage: dodecahedron()
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(dodecahedron())
+
+    A translucent dodecahedron that contains a black sphere::
+
+        sage: G = dodecahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.8)
+        sage: G += sphere(size=0.5, color='black')
+        sage: G
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        G = dodecahedron(color='orange', opacity=0.8)
+        G += sphere(size=0.5, color='black')
+        sphinx_plot(G)
+
+    CONSTRUCTION: This is how we construct a dodecahedron. We let one
+    point be `Q = (0,1,0)`.
+
+    Now there are three points spaced equally on a circle around the
+    north pole. The other requirement is that the angle between them be
+    the angle of a pentagon, namely `3\pi/5`. This is enough to
+    determine them. Placing one on the `xz`-plane we have.
+
+    `P_1 = \left(t, 0, \sqrt{1-t^2}\right)`
+
+    `P_2 = \left(-\frac{1}{2}t, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}t, \sqrt{1-t^2}\right)`
+
+    `P_3 = \left(-\frac{1}{2}t, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}t, \sqrt{1-t^2}\right)`
+
+    Solving
+    `\frac{(P_1-Q) \cdot (P_2-Q)}{|P_1-Q||P_2-Q|} = \cos(3\pi/5)`
+    we get `t = 2/3`.
+
+    Now we have 6 points `R_1, ..., R_6` to close the three
+    top pentagons. These can be found by mirroring `P_2` and
+    `P_3` by the `yz`-plane and rotating around the
+    `y`-axis by the angle `\theta` from `Q` to
+    `P_1`. Note that `\cos(\theta) = t = 2/3` and so
+    `\sin(\theta) = \sqrt{5}/3`. Rotation gives us the other
+    four.
+
+    Now we reflect through the origin for the bottom half.
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - Robert Bradshaw, William Stein
+    """
+    RR = RDF
+    one = RR.one()
+    sqrt3 = RR(3).sqrt()
+    sqrt5 = RR(5).sqrt()
+    R3 = RR**3
+    rot = matrix(RR, [[-one / 2, -sqrt3 / 2, 0],
+                      [sqrt3 / 2, -one / 2, 0],
+                      [0, 0, 1]])
+    rot2 = rot * rot
+
+    # The top
+    Q = R3([0, 0, 1])
+    # The first ring
+    P1 = R3([2*one/3, 0, sqrt5/3])
+    # The second ring
+    R1 = R3([sqrt5/3, 1/sqrt3, one/3])
+    R2 = R3([sqrt5/3, -1/sqrt3, one/3])
+
+    top = [Q, P1, rot*P1, rot2*P1, R1, rot*R2, rot*R1, rot2*R2, rot2*R1, R2]
+    point_list = top + [-p for p in reversed(top)]
+
+    top_faces = [[0,1,4,5,2],
+                 [0,2,6,7,3],
+                 [0,3,8,9,1],
+                 [1,9,13,12,4],
+                 [2,5,11,10,6],
+                 [3,7,15,14,8]]
+    face_list = top_faces + [[19-p for p in reversed(f)] for f in top_faces]
+
+    if 'aspect_ratio' not in kwds:
+        kwds['aspect_ratio'] = [1,1,1]
+    return index_face_set(face_list, point_list, enclosed=True, center=center, size=size, **kwds)
+
+#    if style == 'vertices' or style == 'edges':
+#        from sage.plot.colors import rainbow
+#        colors = rainbow(len(vs), 'rgbtuple')
+#        #vertex_spheres = [Box(.05, .05, .05, color=color).translate(p) for p in vs]
+#        vertex_spheres = [Box(.05, .05, .05, color=c).translate(p) for p,c in zip(vs,colors)]
+#        faces = IndexFaceSet([[tuple(vs[i]) for i in f] for f in face_list])
+#        vertex_spheres += [faces.stickers(['red','yellow','blue','purple','black','orange'], .1, .1)] # [faces]
+#        return Graphics3dGroup(vertex_spheres)
+
+
+@rename_keyword(alpha='opacity')
+def icosahedron(center=(0, 0, 0), size=1, **kwds):
+    r"""
+    An icosahedron.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: (0, 0, 0))
+
+    - ``size`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``color`` -- string that describes a color; this
+      can also be a list of 3-tuples or strings length 6 or 3, in which
+      case the faces (and oppositive faces) are colored
+
+    - ``opacity`` -- (default: 1) if less than 1 then is transparent
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: icosahedron()
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        sphinx_plot(icosahedron())
+
+    Two icosahedra at different positions of different sizes. ::
+
+        sage: p = icosahedron((-1/2,0,1), color='orange')
+        sage: p += icosahedron((2,0,1), size=1/2, color='red', aspect_ratio=[1,1,1])
+        sage: p
+        Graphics3d Object
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        p = icosahedron((-1/2,0,1), color='orange')
+        p += icosahedron((2,0,1), size = 0.5, color='red', aspect_ratio=[1,1,1])
+        sphinx_plot(p)
+    """
+    kwds['enclosed'] = True
+    if 'aspect_ratio' not in kwds:
+        kwds['aspect_ratio'] = [1, 1, 1]
+    return prep(dodecahedron().dual(**kwds), center, size, kwds)