passagemath-plot 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sage/plot/colors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1606 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-plot
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.plot
+r"""
+Colors
+
+This module defines a :class:`Color` object and helper functions (see,
+e.g., :func:`hue`, :func:`rainbow`), as well as a set of
+:data:`colors` and :data:`colormaps` to use with
+:class:`Graphics` objects in Sage.
+
+For a list of pre-defined colors in Sage, evaluate::
+
+    sage: sorted(colors)
+    ['aliceblue', 'antiquewhite', 'aqua', 'aquamarine', 'automatic', ...]
+
+Apart from 'automatic' which just an alias for 'lightblue', this list
+comprises the "official" W3C CSS3_ / SVG_ colors.
+
+.. _CSS3: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color
+.. _SVG: http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords
+
+For a list of color maps in Sage, evaluate::
+
+    sage: sorted(colormaps)
+    ['Accent', ...]
+
+These are imported from matplotlib's colormaps_ collection.
+
+.. _colormaps: https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+import math
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb, hls_to_rgb, rgb_to_hsv, rgb_to_hls
+
+
+colors_dict = {
+    'automatic'              : '#add8e6',     # 173, 216, 230
+    'aliceblue'              : '#f0f8ff',     # 240, 248, 255
+    'antiquewhite'           : '#faebd7',     # 250, 235, 215
+    'aqua'                   : '#00ffff',     #   0, 255, 255
+    'aquamarine'             : '#7fffd4',     # 127, 255, 212
+    'azure'                  : '#f0ffff',     # 240, 255, 255
+    'beige'                  : '#f5f5dc',     # 245, 245, 220
+    'bisque'                 : '#ffe4c4',     # 255, 228, 196
+    'black'                  : '#000000',     #   0,   0,   0
+    'blanchedalmond'         : '#ffebcd',     # 255, 235, 205
+    'blue'                   : '#0000ff',     #   0,   0, 255
+    'blueviolet'             : '#8a2be2',     # 138,  43, 226
+    'brown'                  : '#a52a2a',     # 165,  42,  42
+    'burlywood'              : '#deb887',     # 222, 184, 135
+    'cadetblue'              : '#5f9ea0',     #  95, 158, 160
+    'chartreuse'             : '#7fff00',     # 127, 255,   0
+    'chocolate'              : '#d2691e',     # 210, 105,  30
+    'coral'                  : '#ff7f50',     # 255, 127,  80
+    'cornflowerblue'         : '#6495ed',     # 100, 149, 237
+    'cornsilk'               : '#fff8dc',     # 255, 248, 220
+    'crimson'                : '#dc143c',     # 220,  20,  60
+    'cyan'                   : '#00ffff',     #   0, 255, 255
+    'darkblue'               : '#00008b',     #   0,   0, 139
+    'darkcyan'               : '#008b8b',     #   0, 139, 139
+    'darkgoldenrod'          : '#b8860b',     # 184, 134,  11
+    'darkgray'               : '#a9a9a9',     # 169, 169, 169
+    'darkgreen'              : '#006400',     #   0, 100,   0
+    'darkgrey'               : '#a9a9a9',     # 169, 169, 169
+    'darkkhaki'              : '#bdb76b',     # 189, 183, 107
+    'darkmagenta'            : '#8b008b',     # 139,   0, 139
+    'darkolivegreen'         : '#556b2f',     #  85, 107,  47
+    'darkorange'             : '#ff8c00',     # 255, 140,   0
+    'darkorchid'             : '#9932cc',     # 153,  50, 204
+    'darkred'                : '#8b0000',     # 139,   0,   0
+    'darksalmon'             : '#e9967a',     # 233, 150, 122
+    'darkseagreen'           : '#8fbc8f',     # 143, 188, 143
+    'darkslateblue'          : '#483d8b',     #  72,  61, 139
+    'darkslategray'          : '#2f4f4f',     #  47,  79,  79
+    'darkslategrey'          : '#2f4f4f',     #  47,  79,  79
+    'darkturquoise'          : '#00ced1',     #   0, 206, 209
+    'darkviolet'             : '#9400d3',     # 148,   0, 211
+    'deeppink'               : '#ff1493',     # 255,  20, 147
+    'deepskyblue'            : '#00bfff',     #   0, 191, 255
+    'dimgray'                : '#696969',     # 105, 105, 105
+    'dimgrey'                : '#696969',     # 105, 105, 105
+    'dodgerblue'             : '#1e90ff',     #  30, 144, 255
+    'firebrick'              : '#b22222',     # 178,  34,  34
+    'floralwhite'            : '#fffaf0',     # 255, 250, 240
+    'forestgreen'            : '#228b22',     #  34, 139,  34
+    'fuchsia'                : '#ff00ff',     # 255,   0, 255
+    'gainsboro'              : '#dcdcdc',     # 220, 220, 220
+    'ghostwhite'             : '#f8f8ff',     # 248, 248, 255
+    'gold'                   : '#ffd700',     # 255, 215,   0
+    'goldenrod'              : '#daa520',     # 218, 165,  32
+    'gray'                   : '#808080',     # 128, 128, 128
+    'green'                  : '#008000',     #   0, 128,   0
+    'greenyellow'            : '#adff2f',     # 173, 255,  47
+    'grey'                   : '#808080',     # 128, 128, 128
+    'honeydew'               : '#f0fff0',     # 240, 255, 240
+    'hotpink'                : '#ff69b4',     # 255, 105, 180
+    'indianred'              : '#cd5c5c',     # 205,  92,  92
+    'indigo'                 : '#4b0082',     #  75,   0, 130
+    'ivory'                  : '#fffff0',     # 255, 255, 240
+    'khaki'                  : '#f0e68c',     # 240, 230, 140
+    'lavender'               : '#e6e6fa',     # 230, 230, 250
+    'lavenderblush'          : '#fff0f5',     # 255, 240, 245
+    'lawngreen'              : '#7cfc00',     # 124, 252,   0
+    'lemonchiffon'           : '#fffacd',     # 255, 250, 205
+    'lightblue'              : '#add8e6',     # 173, 216, 230
+    'lightcoral'             : '#f08080',     # 240, 128, 128
+    'lightcyan'              : '#e0ffff',     # 224, 255, 255
+    'lightgoldenrodyellow'   : '#fafad2',     # 250, 250, 210
+    'lightgray'              : '#d3d3d3',     # 211, 211, 211
+    'lightgreen'             : '#90ee90',     # 144, 238, 144
+    'lightgrey'              : '#d3d3d3',     # 211, 211, 211
+    'lightpink'              : '#ffb6c1',     # 255, 182, 193
+    'lightsalmon'            : '#ffa07a',     # 255, 160, 122
+    'lightseagreen'          : '#20b2aa',     #  32, 178, 170
+    'lightskyblue'           : '#87cefa',     # 135, 206, 250
+    'lightslategray'         : '#778899',     # 119, 136, 153
+    'lightslategrey'         : '#778899',     # 119, 136, 153
+    'lightsteelblue'         : '#b0c4de',     # 176, 196, 222
+    'lightyellow'            : '#ffffe0',     # 255, 255, 224
+    'lime'                   : '#00ff00',     #   0, 255,   0
+    'limegreen'              : '#32cd32',     #  50, 205,  50
+    'linen'                  : '#faf0e6',     # 250, 240, 230
+    'magenta'                : '#ff00ff',     # 255,   0, 255
+    'maroon'                 : '#800000',     # 128,   0,   0
+    'mediumaquamarine'       : '#66cdaa',     # 102, 205, 170
+    'mediumblue'             : '#0000cd',     #   0,   0, 205
+    'mediumorchid'           : '#ba55d3',     # 186,  85, 211
+    'mediumpurple'           : '#9370db',     # 147, 112, 219
+    'mediumseagreen'         : '#3cb371',     #  60, 179, 113
+    'mediumslateblue'        : '#7b68ee',     # 123, 104, 238
+    'mediumspringgreen'      : '#00fa9a',     #   0, 250, 154
+    'mediumturquoise'        : '#48d1cc',     #  72, 209, 204
+    'mediumvioletred'        : '#c71585',     # 199,  21, 133
+    'midnightblue'           : '#191970',     #  25,  25, 112
+    'mintcream'              : '#f5fffa',     # 245, 255, 250
+    'mistyrose'              : '#ffe4e1',     # 255, 228, 225
+    'moccasin'               : '#ffe4b5',     # 255, 228, 181
+    'navajowhite'            : '#ffdead',     # 255, 222, 173
+    'navy'                   : '#000080',     #   0,   0, 128
+    'oldlace'                : '#fdf5e6',     # 253, 245, 230
+    'olive'                  : '#808000',     # 128, 128,   0
+    'olivedrab'              : '#6b8e23',     # 107, 142,  35
+    'orange'                 : '#ffa500',     # 255, 165,   0
+    'orangered'              : '#ff4500',     # 255,  69,   0
+    'orchid'                 : '#da70d6',     # 218, 112, 214
+    'palegoldenrod'          : '#eee8aa',     # 238, 232, 170
+    'palegreen'              : '#98fb98',     # 152, 251, 152
+    'paleturquoise'          : '#afeeee',     # 175, 238, 238
+    'palevioletred'          : '#db7093',     # 219, 112, 147
+    'papayawhip'             : '#ffefd5',     # 255, 239, 213
+    'peachpuff'              : '#ffdab9',     # 255, 218, 185
+    'peru'                   : '#cd853f',     # 205, 133,  63
+    'pink'                   : '#ffc0cb',     # 255, 192, 203
+    'plum'                   : '#dda0dd',     # 221, 160, 221
+    'powderblue'             : '#b0e0e6',     # 176, 224, 230
+    'purple'                 : '#800080',     # 128,   0, 128
+    'red'                    : '#ff0000',     # 255,   0,   0
+    'rosybrown'              : '#bc8f8f',     # 188, 143, 143
+    'royalblue'              : '#4169e1',     #  65, 105, 225
+    'saddlebrown'            : '#8b4513',     # 139,  69,  19
+    'salmon'                 : '#fa8072',     # 250, 128, 114
+    'sandybrown'             : '#f4a460',     # 244, 164,  96
+    'seagreen'               : '#2e8b57',     #  46, 139,  87
+    'seashell'               : '#fff5ee',     # 255, 245, 238
+    'sienna'                 : '#a0522d',     # 160,  82,  45
+    'silver'                 : '#c0c0c0',     # 192, 192, 192
+    'skyblue'                : '#87ceeb',     # 135, 206, 235
+    'slateblue'              : '#6a5acd',     # 106,  90, 205
+    'slategray'              : '#708090',     # 112, 128, 144
+    'slategrey'              : '#708090',     # 112, 128, 144
+    'snow'                   : '#fffafa',     # 255, 250, 250
+    'springgreen'            : '#00ff7f',     #   0, 255, 127
+    'steelblue'              : '#4682b4',     #  70, 130, 180
+    'tan'                    : '#d2b48c',     # 210, 180, 140
+    'teal'                   : '#008080',     #   0, 128, 128
+    'thistle'                : '#d8bfd8',     # 216, 191, 216
+    'tomato'                 : '#ff6347',     # 255,  99,  71
+    'turquoise'              : '#40e0d0',     #  64, 224, 208
+    'violet'                 : '#ee82ee',     # 238, 130, 238
+    'wheat'                  : '#f5deb3',     # 245, 222, 179
+    'white'                  : '#ffffff',     # 255, 255, 255
+    'whitesmoke'             : '#f5f5f5',     # 245, 245, 245
+    'yellow'                 : '#ffff00',     # 255, 255,   0
+    'yellowgreen'            : '#9acd32'      # 154, 205,  50
+}
+
+
+def mod_one(x):
+    """
+    Reduce a number modulo 1.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``x`` -- an instance of Integer, int, RealNumber, etc.; the
+      number to reduce
+
+    OUTPUT: float
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import mod_one
+        sage: mod_one(1)
+        1.0
+        sage: mod_one(7.0)
+        0.0
+        sage: mod_one(-11/7)
+        0.4285714285714286
+        sage: mod_one(pi) + mod_one(-pi)                                                # needs sage.symbolic
+        1.0
+    """
+    x = float(x)
+    if x != 1:
+        x = math.modf(x)[0]
+        if x < 0:
+            x += 1
+    return x
+
+
+def html_to_float(c):
+    """
+    Convert a HTML hex color to a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) tuple.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``c`` -- string; a valid HTML hex color
+
+    OUTPUT: a RGB 3-tuple of floats in the interval [0.0, 1.0]
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import html_to_float
+        sage: html_to_float('#fff')
+        (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+        sage: html_to_float('#abcdef')
+        (0.6705882352941176, 0.803921568627451, 0.9372549019607843)
+        sage: html_to_float('#123xyz')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: '3x'
+    """
+    if not c or c[0] != '#':
+        raise ValueError("'%s' must be a valid HTML hex color (e.g., '#f07' or '#d6e7da')" % c)
+    h = c[1:]
+    if len(h) == 3:
+        h = f'{h[0]}{h[0]}{h[1]}{h[1]}{h[2]}{h[2]}'
+    elif len(h) != 6:
+        raise ValueError("color hex string (= '%s') must have length 3 or 6" % h)
+    return tuple([int(h[i:i + 2], base=16) / 255 for i in [0, 2, 4]])
+
+
+def rgbcolor(c, space='rgb'):
+    """
+    Convert a color (string, tuple, list, or :class:`Color`) to a
+    mod-one reduced (see :func:`mod_one`) valid Red-Green-Blue (RGB)
+    tuple.  The returned tuple is also a valid matplotlib RGB color.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``c`` -- a :class:`Color` instance, string (name or HTML hex),
+      3-tuple, or 3-list; the color to convert
+
+    - ``space`` -- string (default: ``'rgb'``); the color space
+      coordinate system (other choices are ``'hsl'``, ``'hls'``, and ``'hsv'``)
+      in which to interpret a 3-tuple or 3-list
+
+    OUTPUT: a RGB 3-tuple of floats in the interval [0.0, 1.0]
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import rgbcolor
+        sage: rgbcolor(Color(0.25, 0.4, 0.9))
+        (0.25, 0.4, 0.9)
+        sage: rgbcolor('purple')
+        (0.5019607843137255, 0.0, 0.5019607843137255)
+        sage: rgbcolor('#fa0')
+        (1.0, 0.6666666666666666, 0.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor('#ffffff')
+        (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor((1,1/2,1/3))
+        (1.0, 0.5, 0.3333333333333333)
+        sage: rgbcolor([1,1/2,1/3])
+        (1.0, 0.5, 0.3333333333333333)
+        sage: rgbcolor((1,1,1), space='hsv')
+        (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor((0.5,0.75,1), space='hls')
+        (0.5, 0.9999999999999999, 1.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor((0.5,1.0,0.75), space='hsl')
+        (0.5, 0.9999999999999999, 1.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor([1,2,255])   # WARNING -- numbers are reduced mod 1!!
+        (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        sage: rgbcolor('#abcd')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: color hex string (= 'abcd') must have length 3 or 6
+        sage: rgbcolor('fff')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: unknown color 'fff'
+        sage: rgbcolor(1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: '1' must be a Color, list, tuple, or string
+        sage: rgbcolor((0.2,0.8,1), space='grassmann')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: space must be one of 'rgb', 'hsv', 'hsl', 'hls'
+        sage: rgbcolor([0.4, 0.1])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: color list or tuple '[0.400000000000000, 0.100000000000000]' must have 3 entries, one for each RGB, HSV, HLS, or HSL channel
+    """
+    if isinstance(c, Color):
+        return c.rgb()
+
+    if isinstance(c, str):
+        if len(c) > 0 and c[0] == '#':
+            # Assume an HTML-like color, e.g., #00ffff or #ab0.
+            return html_to_float(c)
+        else:
+            try:
+                return colors[c].rgb()
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ValueError("unknown color '%s'" % c)
+
+    elif isinstance(c, (list, tuple)):
+        if len(c) != 3:
+            raise ValueError(f"color list or tuple '{c}' must have 3 entries, one for each RGB, HSV, HLS, or HSL channel")
+        c = [mod_one(comp) for comp in c]
+        if space == 'rgb':
+            return tuple(c)
+        elif space == 'hsv':
+            return tuple(map(float, hsv_to_rgb(*c)))
+        elif space == 'hls':
+            return tuple(map(float, hls_to_rgb(*c)))
+        elif space == 'hsl':
+            return tuple(map(float, hls_to_rgb(c[0], c[2], c[1])))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("space must be one of 'rgb', 'hsv', 'hsl', 'hls'")
+
+    raise TypeError("'%s' must be a Color, list, tuple, or string" % c)
+
+
+# For backward compatibility.
+to_mpl_color = rgbcolor
+
+
+class Color:
+    def __init__(self, r='#0000ff', g=None, b=None, space='rgb'):
+        """
+        A Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color model color object.  For most
+        consumer-grade devices (e.g., CRTs, LCDs, and printers), as
+        well as internet applications, this is a point in the sRGB
+        absolute color space.  The Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL),
+        Hue-Lightness-Saturation (HLS), and Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV)
+        spaces are useful alternate representations, or coordinate
+        transformations, of this space.  Coordinates in all of these
+        spaces are floating point values in the interval [0.0, 1.0].
+
+        .. NOTE:: All instantiations of :class:`Color` are converted
+                  to an internal RGB floating point 3-tuple.  This is
+                  likely to degrade precision.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``r``, ``g``, ``b`` -- either a triple of floats between 0 and 1,
+          OR ``r`` - a color name string or HTML color hex string
+
+        - ``space`` -- string (default: ``'rgb'``); the coordinate system
+          (other choices are ``'hsl'``, ``'hls'``, and ``'hsv'``) in which to
+          interpret a triple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('purple')
+            RGB color (0.5019607843137255, 0.0, 0.5019607843137255)
+            sage: Color('#8000ff')
+            RGB color (0.5019607843137255, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color(0.5,0,1)
+            RGB color (0.5, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color(0.5, 1.0, 1, space='hsv')
+            RGB color (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color(0.25, 0.5, 0.5, space='hls')
+            RGB color (0.5000000000000001, 0.75, 0.25)
+            sage: Color(1, 0, 1/3, space='hsl')
+            RGB color (0.3333333333333333, 0.3333333333333333, 0.3333333333333333)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import chocolate
+            sage: Color(chocolate)
+            RGB color (0.8235294117647058, 0.4117647058823529, 0.11764705882352941)
+        """
+        if g is None and b is None:
+            self._rgb = rgbcolor(r)
+        else:
+            self._rgb = rgbcolor((r, g, b), space=space)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of this color.
+
+        OUTPUT: string
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('#8000ff').__repr__()
+            'RGB color (0.5019607843137255, 0.0, 1.0)'
+            sage: Color(1, 0.5, 1/16, space='hsl').__repr__()
+            'RGB color (0.09375, 0.03125, 0.03125)'
+        """
+        return f"RGB color {self._rgb}"
+
+    def __lt__(self, right):
+        """
+        Check whether a :class:`Color` object is less than some other
+        object. This doesn't make sense, and so we conclude that it is
+        not less than the other object.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- an object
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``False``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('red') < Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('blue') < Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('red') < "xyzzy"
+            False
+        """
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, right):
+        """
+        Check whether a :class:`Color` object is less than or equal to
+        some other object. It wouldn't make sense for it to be less than
+        the other object, so we treat this the same as an equality
+        check.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- an object
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``False``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('red') <= Color('red')
+            True
+            sage: Color('blue') <= Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('red') <= "xyzzy"
+            False
+        """
+        return self == right
+
+    def __eq__(self, right):
+        """
+        Compare two :class:`Color` objects to determine whether
+        they refer to the same color.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a :class:`Color` instance
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``True`` if the two colors are the same, ``False``
+        if different
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('red') == Color((1,0,0))
+            True
+            sage: Color('blue') == Color((0,1,0))
+            False
+            sage: Color('blue') + Color((0,1,0)) == Color((0,0.5,0.5))
+            True
+            sage: Color(0.2,0.3,0.2) == False
+            False
+        """
+        if isinstance(right, Color):
+            return self._rgb == right._rgb
+        return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, right):
+        """
+        Compare two :class:`Color` objects to determine whether
+        they refer to different colors.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a :class:`Color` instance
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        boolean; ``True`` if the two colors are different, ``False`` if they're
+        the same.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('green') != Color('yellow')
+            True
+            sage: Color('red') != Color(1,0,0)
+            False
+            sage: Color('yellow') != Color(1,1,0)
+            False
+            sage: Color('blue') != 23
+            True
+        """
+        return not (self == right)
+
+    def __gt__(self, right):
+        """
+        Check whether a :class:`Color` object is greater than some other
+        object. This doesn't make sense, and so we conclude that it is
+        not greater than the other object.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- an object
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``False``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('red') > Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('blue') > Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('red') > "xyzzy"
+            False
+        """
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, right):
+        """
+        Check whether a :class:`Color` object is greater than or equal
+        to some other object. It wouldn't make sense for it to be
+        greater than the other object, so we treat this the same as an
+        equality check.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- an object
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``False``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('red') >= Color('red')
+            True
+            sage: Color('blue') >= Color('red')
+            False
+            sage: Color('red') >= "xyzzy"
+            False
+        """
+        return self == right
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return the hash value of a color.
+        Equal colors return equal hash values.
+
+        OUTPUT: a hash value
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: hash(Color('red')) # random
+            873150856
+            sage: hash(Color('red')) == hash(Color((1,0,0)))
+            True
+        """
+        return hash(self._rgb)
+
+    def blend(self, color, fraction=0.5):
+        """
+        Return a color blended with the given ``color`` by a given
+        ``fraction``.  The algorithm interpolates linearly between the
+        colors' corresponding R, G, and B coordinates.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``color`` -- a :class:`Color` instance or float-convertible
+          3-tuple/list; the color with which to blend this color
+
+        - ``fraction`` -- a float-convertible number; the fraction of
+          ``color`` to blend with this color
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** :class:`Color` instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import red, blue, lime
+            sage: red.blend(blue)
+            RGB color (0.5, 0.0, 0.5)
+            sage: red.blend(blue, fraction=0.0)
+            RGB color (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+            sage: red.blend(blue, fraction=1.0)
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: lime.blend((0.3, 0.5, 0.7))
+            RGB color (0.15, 0.75, 0.35)
+            sage: blue.blend(blue)
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: red.blend(lime, fraction=0.3)
+            RGB color (0.7, 0.3, 0.0)
+            sage: blue.blend((0.0, 0.9, 0.2), fraction=0.2)
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.18000000000000002, 0.8400000000000001)
+            sage: red.blend(0.2)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: 0.200000000000000 must be a Color or float-convertible 3-tuple/list
+        """
+        fraction = float(fraction)
+        if isinstance(color, Color):
+            color = color._rgb
+        if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)) and len(color) == 3:
+            color = [float(_) for _ in color]
+            return Color(rgbcolor([(1 - fraction) * a + fraction * b
+                                   for a, b in zip(self._rgb, color)]))
+        raise TypeError(f"{color} must be a Color or float-convertible 3-tuple/list")
+
+    def __add__(self, right):
+        """
+        Return a color "added" on the right to another color, with
+        :meth:`blend`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a :class:`Color` instance or float-convertible
+          3-tuple/list
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** :class:`Color` instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import red, blue, lime
+            sage: red + blue + lime
+            RGB color (0.25, 0.5, 0.25)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import cyan, magenta, yellow
+            sage: cyan + magenta + yellow
+            RGB color (0.75, 0.75, 0.5)
+            sage: c1 = Color(0.1, 0.5, 0.8); c2 = Color(0.2, 0.4, 0.7, space='hsv')
+            sage: c1 + 0.1
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: 0.100000000000000 must be a Color or float-convertible 3-tuple/list
+            sage: c2 + [0.5, 0.2, 0.9]
+            RGB color (0.572, 0.44999999999999996, 0.66)
+            sage: c1.__add__(red).__add__((0.9, 0.2, 1/3))
+            RGB color (0.7250000000000001, 0.225, 0.3666666666666667)
+            sage: c1 + c2
+            RGB color (0.37199999999999994, 0.6, 0.61)
+        """
+        return self.blend(right)
+
+    def __radd__(self, left):
+        """
+        Return a color "added" on the left to another color, with
+        :meth:`blend`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``left`` -- a :class:`Color` instance or float-convertible
+          3-tuple/list
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** :class:`Color` instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import olive, orchid
+            sage: olive + orchid
+            RGB color (0.6784313725490196, 0.47058823529411764, 0.4196078431372549)
+            sage: d1 = Color(0.1, 0.5, 0.8, space='hls'); d2 = Color(0.2, 0.4, 0.7)
+            sage: [0.5, 0.2, 0.9] + d2
+            RGB color (0.35, 0.30000000000000004, 0.8)
+            sage: 0.1 + d1
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: 0.100000000000000 must be a Color or float-convertible 3-tuple/list
+            sage: d2.__radd__(Color('brown')).__radd__((0.9, 0.2, 1/3))
+            RGB color (0.661764705882353, 0.2411764705882353, 0.38284313725490193)
+        """
+        return self + left
+
+    def __mul__(self, right):
+        """
+        Return a color whose RGB coordinates are this color's
+        coordinates multiplied on the right by a scalar.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a float-convertible number
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** :class:`Color` instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('yellow') * 0.5
+            RGB color (0.5, 0.5, 0.0)
+            sage: Color('yellow') * (9.0 / 8.0)   # reduced modulo 1.0
+            RGB color (0.125, 0.125, 0.0)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import cyan, grey, indianred
+            sage: cyan * 0.3 + grey * 0.1 + indianred * 0.6
+            RGB color (0.25372549019607843, 0.1957843137254902, 0.1957843137254902)
+            sage: indianred.__mul__(42)
+            RGB color (0.764705882352942, 0.1529411764705877, 0.1529411764705877)
+        """
+        right = float(right)
+        return Color([x * right for x in self._rgb])
+
+    def __rmul__(self, left):
+        """
+        Return a color whose RGB coordinates are this color's
+        coordinates multiplied on the left by a scalar.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``left`` -- a float-convertible number
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** :class:`Color` instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import aqua, cornsilk, tomato
+            sage: 0.3 * aqua
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.3, 0.3)
+            sage: Color('indianred').__rmul__(42)
+            RGB color (0.764705882352942, 0.1529411764705877, 0.1529411764705877)
+        """
+        return self * left
+
+    def __truediv__(self, right):
+        """
+        Return a color whose RGB coordinates are this color's
+        coordinates divided by a scalar.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a float-convertible, nonzero number
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** instance of :class:`Color`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import papayawhip, yellow
+            sage: yellow / 4
+            RGB color (0.25, 0.25, 0.0)
+            sage: yellow.__truediv__(4)
+            RGB color (0.25, 0.25, 0.0)
+            sage: (papayawhip + Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.1) + yellow) / 3.0
+            RGB color (0.29166666666666663, 0.286437908496732, 0.07794117647058824)
+            sage: vector((papayawhip / 2).rgb()) == vector((papayawhip * 0.5).rgb())
+            True
+            sage: yellow.__truediv__(1/4)
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: Color('black') / 0.0
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ZeroDivisionError: ...division by zero
+
+            sage: papayawhip / yellow
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a... number...
+        """
+        return self * (1 / float(right))
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        """
+        Return the integer representation of this colour.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The integer 256^2 r_int + 256 g_int + b_int, where r_int, g_int,
+        and b_int are obtained from r, g, and b by converting from the
+        real interval [0.0, 1.0] to the integer range 0, 1, ..., 255.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import whitesmoke
+            sage: int(whitesmoke)
+            16119285
+        """
+        return float_to_integer(*self._rgb)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Return an iterator over the RGB coordinates of this color.
+
+        OUTPUT: a tupleiterator
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import dodgerblue, maroon
+            sage: r, g, b = dodgerblue
+            sage: r
+            0.11764705882352941
+            sage: g
+            0.5647058823529412
+            sage: b
+            1.0
+            sage: vector(maroon) == vector(Color(maroon)) == vector(Color('maroon'))
+            True
+        """
+        return iter(self._rgb)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        """
+        Return the Red (0th), Green (1st), or Blue (2nd) coordinate of this
+        color via index access.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- integer; the 0-based coordinate to retrieve
+
+        OUTPUT: float
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import crimson, midnightblue
+            sage: Color('#badfad')[0]
+            0.7294117647058823
+            sage: (crimson[0], crimson[1], crimson[2]) == crimson.rgb()
+            True
+            sage: midnightblue[2] == midnightblue[-1]
+            True
+            sage: midnightblue[3]
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            IndexError: tuple index out of range
+        """
+        return self._rgb[i]
+
+    def rgb(self):
+        """
+        Return the underlying Red-Green-Blue (RGB) coordinates of this
+        color.
+
+        OUTPUT: a 3-tuple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color(0.3, 0.5, 0.7).rgb()
+            (0.3, 0.5, 0.7)
+            sage: Color('#8000ff').rgb()
+            (0.5019607843137255, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import orange
+            sage: orange.rgb()
+            (1.0, 0.6470588235294118, 0.0)
+            sage: Color('magenta').rgb()
+            (1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color(1, 0.7, 0.9, space='hsv').rgb()
+            (0.9, 0.2700000000000001, 0.2700000000000001)
+        """
+        return self._rgb
+
+    def hls(self):
+        """
+        Return the Hue-Lightness-Saturation (HLS) coordinates of this
+        color.
+
+        OUTPUT: a 3-tuple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color(0.3, 0.5, 0.7, space='hls').hls()
+            (0.30000000000000004, 0.5, 0.7)
+            sage: Color(0.3, 0.5, 0.7, space='hsl').hls() # abs tol 1e-15
+            (0.30000000000000004, 0.7, 0.5000000000000001)
+            sage: Color('#aabbcc').hls() # abs tol 1e-15
+            (0.5833333333333334, 0.7333333333333334, 0.25000000000000017)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import orchid
+            sage: orchid.hls() # abs tol 1e-15
+            (0.8396226415094339, 0.6470588235294117, 0.5888888888888889)
+        """
+        return tuple(map(float, rgb_to_hls(*self._rgb)))
+
+    def hsl(self):
+        """
+        Return the Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL) coordinates of this
+        color.
+
+        OUTPUT: a 3-tuple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color(1,0,0).hsl()
+            (0.0, 1.0, 0.5)
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import orchid
+            sage: orchid.hsl() # abs tol 1e-15
+            (0.8396226415094339, 0.5888888888888889, 0.6470588235294117)
+            sage: Color('#aabbcc').hsl() # abs tol 1e-15
+            (0.5833333333333334, 0.25000000000000017, 0.7333333333333334)
+        """
+        h, l, s = tuple(map(float, rgb_to_hls(*self._rgb)))
+        return (h, s, l)
+
+    def hsv(self):
+        """
+        Return the Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) coordinates of this
+        color.
+
+        OUTPUT: a 3-tuple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import red
+            sage: red.hsv()
+            (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color(1,1,1).hsv()
+            (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: Color('gray').hsv()
+            (0.0, 0.0, 0.5019607843137255)
+        """
+        return tuple(map(float, rgb_to_hsv(*self._rgb)))
+
+    def html_color(self):
+        """
+        Return a HTML hex representation for this color.
+
+        OUTPUT: string of length 7
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Color('yellow').html_color()
+            '#ffff00'
+            sage: Color('#fedcba').html_color()
+            '#fedcba'
+            sage: Color(0.0, 1.0, 0.0).html_color()
+            '#00ff00'
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import honeydew
+            sage: honeydew.html_color()
+            '#f0fff0'
+        """
+        return float_to_html(*self._rgb)
+
+    def lighter(self, fraction=1/3):
+        """
+        Return a lighter "shade" of this RGB color by
+        :meth:`blend`-ing it with white.  This is **not** an inverse
+        of :meth:`darker`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``fraction`` -- a float (default: 1/3); blending fraction
+          to apply
+
+        OUTPUT: a **new** instance of :class:`Color`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import khaki
+            sage: khaki.lighter()
+            RGB color (0.9607843137254903, 0.934640522875817, 0.6993464052287582)
+            sage: Color('white').lighter().darker()
+            RGB color (0.6666666666666667, 0.6666666666666667, 0.6666666666666667)
+            sage: Color('#abcdef').lighter(1/4)
+            RGB color (0.7529411764705882, 0.8529411764705883, 0.9529411764705882)
+            sage: Color(1, 0, 8/9, space='hsv').lighter()
+            RGB color (0.925925925925926, 0.925925925925926, 0.925925925925926)
+        """
+        return self.blend((1.0, 1.0, 1.0), fraction)
+
+    def darker(self, fraction=1/3):
+        """
+        Return a darker "shade" of this RGB color by :meth:`blend`-ing
+        it with black.  This is **not** an inverse of :meth:`lighter`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``fraction`` -- a float (default: 1/3); blending fraction
+          to apply
+
+        OUTPUT: a new instance of :class:`Color`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import black
+            sage: vector(black.darker().rgb()) == vector(black.rgb())
+            True
+            sage: Color(0.4, 0.6, 0.8).darker(0.1)
+            RGB color (0.36000000000000004, 0.54, 0.7200000000000001)
+            sage: Color(.1,.2,.3,space='hsl').darker()
+            RGB color (0.24000000000000002, 0.20800000000000002, 0.16)
+        """
+        return self.blend((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), fraction)
+
+
+class ColorsDict(dict):
+    """
+    A dict-like collection of colors, accessible via key or attribute.
+    For a list of color names, evaluate::
+
+        sage: sorted(colors)
+        ['aliceblue', 'antiquewhite', 'aqua', 'aquamarine', ...]
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Construct a dict-like collection of colors.  The keys are the
+        color names (i.e., strings) and the values are RGB 3-tuples of
+        floats.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import ColorsDict
+            sage: cols = ColorsDict()
+            sage: set([(type(c), type(cols[c])) for c in cols])
+            {(<... 'str'>, <class 'sage.plot.colors.Color'>)}
+            sage: sorted(cols)
+            ['aliceblue', 'antiquewhite', 'aqua', 'aquamarine', ...]
+            sage: len(cols)
+            148
+        """
+        # Convert the colors_dict defined above to Color instances.
+        for k, col in colors_dict.items():
+            self[k] = Color(col)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a color via attribute access.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the color to return
+
+        OUTPUT: a RGB 3-tuple of floats
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import ColorsDict, blue
+            sage: cols = ColorsDict()
+            sage: cols.blue
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: cols['blue']
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: blue
+            RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            sage: cols.punk
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            AttributeError: 'ColorsDict' has no attribute or colormap punk...
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("'{}' has no attribute or colormap {}".format(type(self).__name__, name))
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        """
+        Return an approximate list of attribute names, including the
+        color names.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of strings
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import ColorsDict
+            sage: cols = ColorsDict()
+            sage: 'green' in dir(cols)
+            True
+        """
+        methods = ['__dir__', '__getattr__']
+        return dir(super()) + methods + sorted(self)
+
+
+colors = ColorsDict()
+
+
+# Add convenient module-scope colors.  These are Color instances.
+for c in colors:
+    vars()[c] = colors[c]
+
+
+def hue(h, s=1, v=1):
+    r"""
+    Convert a Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) color tuple to a valid
+    Red-Green-Blue (RGB) tuple.  All three inputs should lie in the
+    interval [0.0, 1.0]; otherwise, they are reduced modulo 1 (see
+    :func:`mod_one`).  In particular ``h=0`` and ``h=1`` yield red,
+    with the intermediate hues orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and
+    violet as ``h`` increases.
+
+    This function makes it easy to sample a broad range of colors for
+    graphics::
+
+        sage: # needs sage.symbolic
+        sage: p = Graphics()
+        sage: for phi in xsrange(0, 2 * pi, 1 / pi):
+        ....:     p += plot(sin(x + phi), (x, -7, 7), rgbcolor=hue(phi))
+        sage: p
+        Graphics object consisting of 20 graphics primitives
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``h`` -- a number; the color's hue
+
+    - ``s`` -- a number (default: 1); the color's saturation
+
+    - ``v`` -- a number (default: 1); the color's value
+
+    OUTPUT: a RGB 3-tuple of floats in the interval [0.0, 1.0]
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: hue(0.6)
+        (0.0, 0.40000000000000036, 1.0)
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import royalblue
+        sage: royalblue
+        RGB color (0.2549019607843137, 0.4117647058823529, 0.8823529411764706)
+        sage: hue(*royalblue.hsv())
+        (0.2549019607843137, 0.4117647058823529, 0.8823529411764706)
+        sage: hue(.5, .5, .5)
+        (0.25, 0.5, 0.5)
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        The HSV to RGB coordinate transformation itself is
+        given in the source code for the Python library's
+        :mod:`colorsys` module::
+
+            sage: from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb    # not tested
+            sage: hsv_to_rgb??                       # not tested
+    """
+    return tuple(map(float, hsv_to_rgb(mod_one(h), mod_one(s), mod_one(v))))
+
+
+def float_to_html(r, g, b):
+    """
+    Convert a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color tuple to a HTML hex color.
+
+    Each input value should be in the interval [0.0, 1.0]; otherwise,
+    the values are first reduced modulo one (see :func:`mod_one`).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``r`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "red" intensity
+
+    - ``g`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "green" intensity
+
+    - ``b`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "blue" intensity
+
+    OUTPUT: string of length 7, starting with ``'#'``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import float_to_html
+        sage: float_to_html(1.,1.,0.)
+        '#ffff00'
+        sage: float_to_html(.03,.06,.02)
+        '#070f05'
+        sage: float_to_html(*Color('brown').rgb())
+        '#a52a2a'
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: float_to_html((0.2, 0.6, 0.8))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: ...float_to_html() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'g' and 'b'
+    """
+    return "#%06x" % float_to_integer(r, g, b)
+
+
+def float_to_integer(r, g, b):
+    """
+    Convert a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color tuple to an integer.
+
+    Each input value should be in the interval [0.0, 1.0]; otherwise,
+    the values are first reduced modulo one (see :func:`mod_one`).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``r`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "red" intensity
+
+    - ``g`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "green" intensity
+
+    - ``b`` -- a real number; the RGB color's "blue" intensity
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The integer 256^2 r_int + 256 g_int + b_int, where r_int, g_int, and
+    b_int are obtained from r, g, and b by converting from the real
+    interval [0.0, 1.0] to the integer range 0, 1, ..., 255.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import float_to_integer
+        sage: float_to_integer(1.,1.,0.)
+        16776960
+        sage: float_to_integer(.03,.06,.02)
+        462597
+        sage: float_to_integer(*Color('brown').rgb())
+        10824234
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: float_to_integer((0.2, 0.6, 0.8))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: ...float_to_integer() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'g' and 'b'
+    """
+    r, g, b = map(mod_one, (r, g, b))
+    return int(r * 255) << 16 | int(g * 255) << 8 | int(b * 255)
+
+
+def rainbow(n, format='hex'):
+    """
+    Return a list of colors sampled at equal intervals over the
+    spectrum, from Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) coordinates (0, 1, 1) to
+    (1, 1, 1).  This range is red at the extremes, but it covers
+    orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet, and many other hues in
+    between.  This function is particularly useful for representing
+    vertex partitions on graphs.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- a number; the length of the list
+
+    - ``format`` -- string (default: ``'hex'``); the output format for
+      each color in the list. The other choice is ``'rgbtuple'``.
+
+    OUTPUT: a list of strings or RGB 3-tuples of floats in the interval
+    [0.0, 1.0]
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import rainbow
+        sage: rainbow(7)
+        ['#ff0000', '#ffda00', '#48ff00', '#00ff91', '#0091ff', '#4800ff', '#ff00da']
+        sage: rainbow(int(7))
+        ['#ff0000', '#ffda00', '#48ff00', '#00ff91', '#0091ff', '#4800ff', '#ff00da']
+        sage: rainbow(7, 'rgbtuple')
+        [(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.8571428571428571, 0.0), (0.2857142857142858, 1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0, 0.5714285714285712), (0.0, 0.5714285714285716, 1.0), (0.2857142857142856, 0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.8571428571428577)]
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - Robert L. Miller
+
+    - Karl-Dieter Crisman (directly use :func:`hsv_to_rgb` for hues)
+    """
+    R = [tuple(map(float, hsv_to_rgb(i / n, 1, 1))) for i in range(n)]
+
+    if format == 'rgbtuple':
+        return R
+    elif format == 'hex':
+        for j in range(len(R)):
+            R[j] = float_to_html(*R[j])
+        return R
+
+
+# If you change what this accepts, remember to change the documentation
+# about cmap where it is used and to test these classes.
+def get_cmap(cmap):
+    r"""
+    Return a color map (actually, a matplotlib :class:`Colormap`
+    object), given its name or a [mixed] list/tuple of RGB list/tuples
+    and color names.  For a list of map names, evaluate::
+
+        sage: sorted(colormaps)
+        ['Accent', ...]
+
+    See :func:`rgbcolor` for valid list/tuple element formats.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``cmap`` -- string, list, tuple, or :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`;
+      a string must be a valid color map name
+
+    OUTPUT: a :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap` instance
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import get_cmap
+        sage: get_cmap('jet')
+        <matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap object at 0x...>
+        sage: get_cmap([(0,0,0), (0.5,0.5,0.5), (1,1,1)])
+        <matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x...>
+        sage: get_cmap(['green', 'lightblue', 'blue'])
+        <matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x...>
+        sage: get_cmap(((0.5, 0.3, 0.2), [1.0, 0.0, 0.5], 'purple', Color(0.5,0.5,1, space='hsv')))
+        <matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x...>
+        sage: get_cmap('jolies')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        RuntimeError: Color map jolies not known (type "import matplotlib; list(matplotlib.colormaps.keys())" for valid names)
+        sage: get_cmap('mpl')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        RuntimeError: Color map mpl not known (type "import matplotlib; list(matplotlib.colormaps.keys())" for valid names)
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Check that :issue:`33491` is fixed::
+
+        sage: get_cmap('turbo')
+        <matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x...>
+    """
+    # matplotlib color maps
+    from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, Colormap
+
+    if isinstance(cmap, Colormap):
+        return cmap
+
+    elif isinstance(cmap, str):
+        from matplotlib import colormaps
+        try:
+            return colormaps[cmap]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError('Color map %s not known (type "import matplotlib; list(matplotlib.colormaps.keys())" for valid names)' % cmap)
+
+    elif isinstance(cmap, (list, tuple)):
+        cmap = [rgbcolor(_) for _ in cmap]
+        return ListedColormap(cmap)
+
+
+def check_color_data(cfcm):
+    """
+    Make sure that the arguments are in order (coloring function, colormap).
+
+    This will allow users to use both possible orders.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.colors import check_color_data
+        sage: cf = lambda x,y : (x+y) % 1
+        sage: cm = colormaps.autumn
+        sage: check_color_data((cf, cm)) == (cf, cm)
+        True
+        sage: check_color_data((cm, cf)) == (cf, cm)
+        True
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: check_color_data(('a', 33))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: color data must be (color function, colormap)
+    """
+    cf, cm = cfcm
+    from matplotlib.colors import Colormap
+    if isinstance(cm, Colormap):
+        return cf, cm
+    elif isinstance(cf, Colormap):
+        return cm, cf
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('color data must be (color function, colormap)')
+
+
+class Colormaps(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    A dict-like collection of lazily-loaded matplotlib color maps.
+    For a list of map names, evaluate::
+
+        sage: sorted(colormaps)
+        ['Accent', ...]
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Construct an empty mutable collection of color maps.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: len(maps.maps)
+            0
+        """
+        self.maps = {}
+
+    def load_maps(self):
+        """
+        If it's necessary, loads matplotlib's color maps and adds them
+        to the collection.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: len(maps.maps)
+            0
+            sage: maps.load_maps()
+            sage: len(maps.maps)>60
+            True
+            sage: 'viridis' in maps
+            True
+        """
+        if not self.maps:
+            from matplotlib import colormaps
+            self.maps.update(colormaps)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        """
+        Return an approximate list of attribute names, including the
+        color map names.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of strings
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: 'Accent' in dir(maps)
+            True
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        methods = ['load_maps', '__dir__', '__len__', '__iter__',
+                   '__contains__', '__getitem__', '__getattr__',
+                   '__setitem__', '__delitem__']
+        return dir(super()) + methods + sorted(self)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """
+        Return the number of color maps.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: len(maps)>60
+            True
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        return len(self.maps)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Return an iterator over the color map collection.
+
+        OUTPUT: a dictionary key iterator instance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: count = 0
+            sage: for m in maps: count += 1
+            sage: count == len(maps)
+            True
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        return iter(self.maps)
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        """
+        Return whether a map is in the color maps collection.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the map to query
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: 'summer' in maps
+            True
+            sage: 'not really a color map' in maps
+            False
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        return name in self.maps
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a color map from the collection via key access.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the map return
+
+        OUTPUT: an instance of :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: maps.get('Oranges')
+            <matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap object at ...>
+            sage: maps['copper']
+            <matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap object at ...>
+            sage: maps.get('not a color map')
+            sage: maps['not a color map']
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            KeyError: "no colormap with name 'not a color map'"
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        try:
+            return self.maps[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError("no colormap with name '%s'" % name)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a color map from the collection via attribute access.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the map to return
+
+        OUTPUT: an instance of :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: maps.pink
+            <matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap object at ...>
+            sage: maps.punk
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            AttributeError: 'Colormaps' has no attribute or colormap punk...
+            sage: maps['punk']
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            KeyError: "no colormap with name 'punk'"
+            sage: maps['bone'] == maps.bone
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("'{}' has no attribute or colormap {}".format(type(self).__name__, name))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of the color map collection.
+
+        OUTPUT: string
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: maps
+            {...}
+            sage: type(repr(maps))
+            <... 'str'>
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        return repr(self.maps)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, colormap):
+        """
+        Add a color map to the collection.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the map to add
+
+        - ``colormap`` -- an instance of
+          :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`; the color map to add
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps, get_cmap
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: count = len(maps)
+            sage: my_map = get_cmap(['chartreuse', '#007', (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)])
+            sage: maps['my_map'] = my_map
+            sage: 'my_map' in maps
+            True
+            sage: count + 1 == len(maps)
+            True
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        self.maps[name] = colormap
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        """
+        Removes a color map from the collection.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the name of the map to remove
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.colors import Colormaps
+            sage: maps = Colormaps()
+            sage: count = len(maps)
+            sage: maps.popitem()  # random
+            ('Spectral', <matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap object at ...>)
+            sage: count - 1 == len(maps)
+            True
+        """
+        self.load_maps()
+        del self.maps[name]
+
+
+colormaps = Colormaps()