passagemath-objects 10.6.47__cp311-cp311-macosx_13_0_x86_64.whl

sage/structure/indexed_generators.py

@@ -0,0 +1,863 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-objects
+"""
+Indexed Generators
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2013 Travis Scrimshaw <tcscrims at gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+from sage.structure.category_object import normalize_names
+
+
+class IndexedGenerators:
+    r"""nodetex
+    Abstract base class for parents whose elements consist of generators
+    indexed by an arbitrary set.
+
+    Options controlling the printing of elements:
+
+    - ``prefix`` -- string, prefix used for printing elements of this
+      module (default: ``'x'``).  With the default, a monomial
+      indexed by 'a' would be printed as ``x['a']``.
+
+    - ``latex_prefix`` -- string or ``None``, prefix used in the `\LaTeX`
+      representation of elements (default: ``None``); if this is
+      anything except the empty string, it prints the index as a
+      subscript.  If this is ``None``, it uses the setting for ``prefix``,
+      so if ``prefix`` is set to "B", then a monomial indexed by 'a'
+      would be printed as ``B_{a}``.  If this is the empty string, then
+      don't print monomials as subscripts: the monomial indexed by 'a'
+      would be printed as ``a``, or as ``[a]`` if ``latex_bracket`` is
+      ``True``.
+
+    - ``names`` -- dictionary with strings as values or list of strings (optional);
+      a mapping from the indices of the generators to strings giving the
+      generators explicit names. This is used instead of the print options
+      ``prefix`` and ``bracket`` when ``names`` is specified.
+
+    - ``latex_names`` -- dictionary with strings as values or list of strings
+      (optional); same as ``names`` except using the `\LaTeX` representation
+
+    - ``bracket`` -- ``None``, boolean, string, or list or tuple of
+      strings (default: ``None``); if ``None``, use the value of the
+      attribute ``self._repr_option_bracket``, which has default value
+      ``True``.  (``self._repr_option_bracket`` is available for backwards
+      compatibility.  Users should set ``bracket`` instead.  If
+      ``bracket`` is set to anything except ``None``, it overrides
+      the value of ``self._repr_option_bracket``.)  If ``False``, do not
+      include brackets when printing elements: a monomial indexed by
+      'a' would be printed as ``B'a'``, and a monomial indexed by
+      (1,2,3) would be printed as ``B(1,2,3)``.  If ``True``, use "[" and
+      "]" as brackets.  If it is one of "[", "(", or "{", use it and
+      its partner as brackets.  If it is any other string, use it as
+      both brackets.  If it is a list or tuple of strings, use the
+      first entry as the left bracket and the second entry as the
+      right bracket.
+
+    - ``latex_bracket`` -- boolean, string, or list or tuple of strings
+      (default: ``False``); if ``False``, do not include brackets in
+      the LaTeX representation of elements.  This option is only
+      relevant if ``latex_prefix`` is the empty string; otherwise,
+      brackets are not used regardless.  If ``True``, use "\left[" and
+      "\right]" as brackets.  If this is one of "[", "(", "\\{", "|",
+      or "||", use it and its partner, prepended with "\left" and
+      "\right", as brackets.  If this is any other string, use it as
+      both brackets.  If this is a list or tuple of strings, use the
+      first entry as the left bracket and the second entry as the
+      right bracket.
+
+    - ``scalar_mult`` -- string to use for scalar multiplication in
+      the print representation (default: ``'*'``)
+
+    - ``latex_scalar_mult`` -- string or ``None`` (default: ``None``);
+      string to use for scalar multiplication in the latex
+      representation.  If ``None``, use the empty string if ``scalar_mult``
+      is set to "*", otherwise use the value of ``scalar_mult``.
+
+    - ``tensor_symbol`` -- string or ``None`` (default: ``None``);
+      string to use for tensor product in the print representation. If
+      ``None``, use  ``sage.categories.tensor.symbol`` and
+      ``sage.categories.tensor.unicode_symbol``.
+
+    - ``sorting_key`` -- a key function (default: ``lambda x: x``);
+      to use for sorting elements in the output of elements
+
+    - ``sorting_reverse`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``
+      sort elements in reverse order in the output of elements
+
+    - ``string_quotes`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); if ``True`` then
+      display string indices with quotes
+
+    - ``iterate_key`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); iterate through
+      the elements of the key and print the result as comma separated
+      objects for string output
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        These print options may also be accessed and modified using the
+        :meth:`print_options` method, after the parent has been defined.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We demonstrate a variety of the input options::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.indexed_generators import IndexedGenerators
+        sage: I = IndexedGenerators(ZZ, prefix='A')
+        sage: I._repr_generator(2)
+        'A[2]'
+        sage: I._latex_generator(2)
+        'A_{2}'
+
+        sage: I = IndexedGenerators(ZZ, bracket='(')
+        sage: I._repr_generator(2)
+        'x(2)'
+        sage: I._latex_generator(2)
+        'x_{2}'
+
+        sage: I = IndexedGenerators(ZZ, prefix='', latex_bracket='(')
+        sage: I._repr_generator(2)
+        '[2]'
+        sage: I._latex_generator(2)
+        \left( 2 \right)
+
+        sage: I = IndexedGenerators(ZZ, bracket=['|', '>'])
+        sage: I._repr_generator(2)
+        'x|2>'
+    """
+    def __init__(self, indices, prefix='x', **kwds):
+        """
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        This is a mixin class, so don't need pickling equality::
+
+            sage: I = sage.structure.indexed_generators.IndexedGenerators(ZZ)
+            sage: TestSuite(I).run(skip='_test_pickling')
+        """
+        self._indices = indices
+
+        # printing options for elements (set when initializing self).
+        # This includes self._repr_option_bracket (kept for backwards
+        # compatibility, declared to be True by default, needs to be
+        # overridden explicitly).
+        self._print_options = {'prefix': prefix,
+                               'names': None,
+                               'bracket': None,
+                               'latex_bracket': False,
+                               'latex_prefix': None,
+                               'latex_names': None,
+                               'scalar_mult': "*",
+                               'latex_scalar_mult': None,
+                               'tensor_symbol': None,
+                               'string_quotes': True,
+                               'sorting_key': lambda x: x,
+                               'sorting_reverse': False,
+                               'iterate_key': False}
+        # 'bracket': its default value here is None, meaning that
+        # the value of self._repr_option_bracket is used; the default
+        # value of that attribute is True -- see immediately before
+        # the method _repr_generator.  If 'bracket' is any value
+        # except None, then it overrides the value of
+        # self._repr_option_bracket.  Future users might consider
+        # using 'bracket' instead of _repr_option_bracket.
+        self.print_options(**kwds)
+
+    def indices(self):
+        """
+        Return the indices of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'])                      # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F.indices()                                                           # needs sage.modules
+            {'a', 'b', 'c'}
+        """
+        return self._indices
+
+    def prefix(self):
+        """
+        Return the prefix used when displaying elements of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'])                      # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F.prefix()                                                            # needs sage.modules
+            'B'
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: X = SchubertPolynomialRing(QQ)                                        # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: X.prefix()                                                            # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            'X'
+        """
+        return self._print_options['prefix']
+
+    def print_options(self, **kwds):
+        """
+        Return the current print options, or set an option.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        All of the input is optional; if present, it should be
+        in the form of keyword pairs, such as
+        ``latex_bracket='('``.  The allowable keywords are:
+
+        - ``prefix``
+        - ``latex_prefix``
+        - ``names``
+        - ``latex_names``
+        - ``bracket``
+        - ``latex_bracket``
+        - ``scalar_mult``
+        - ``latex_scalar_mult``
+        - ``tensor_symbol``
+        - ``string_quotes``
+        - ``sorting_key``
+        - ``sorting_reverse``
+        - ``iterate_key``
+
+        See the documentation for :class:`IndexedGenerators` for
+        descriptions of the effects of setting each of these options.
+
+        OUTPUT: if the user provides any input, set the appropriate
+        option(s) and return nothing.  Otherwise, return the
+        dictionary of settings for print and LaTeX representations.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(ZZ, [1,2,3], prefix='x')
+            sage: F.print_options()
+            {...'prefix': 'x'...}
+            sage: F.print_options(bracket='(')
+            sage: F.print_options()
+            {...'bracket': '('...}
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: sorted(F.print_options().items())                                     # needs sage.modules
+            [('bracket', '('), ('iterate_key', False),
+             ('latex_bracket', False), ('latex_names', None),
+             ('latex_prefix', None), ('latex_scalar_mult', None),
+             ('names', None), ('prefix', 'x'),
+             ('scalar_mult', '*'),
+             ('sorting_key', <function ...<lambda> at ...>),
+             ('sorting_reverse', False), ('string_quotes', True),
+             ('tensor_symbol', None)]
+            sage: F.print_options(bracket='[')  # reset                                 # needs sage.modules
+        """
+        # don't just use kwds.get(...) because I want to distinguish
+        # between an argument like "option=None" and the option not
+        # being there altogether.
+        if kwds:
+            for option in kwds:
+                if option in self._print_options:
+                    self._print_options[option] = kwds[option]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('{} is not a valid print option.'.format(option))
+            return
+        return self._print_options
+
+    _repr_option_bracket = True
+
+    def _parse_names(self, m, use_latex):
+        """
+        Return the name corresponding to ``m`` if it exists,
+        otherwise return ``None``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(ZZ, [1,2,3], names='a,b,c',               # needs sage.modules
+            ....:                             latex_names='x,y,z')
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, False)                                              # needs sage.modules
+            'a'
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, True)                                               # needs sage.modules
+            'x'
+
+            sage: F.print_options(latex_names=None)                                     # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, True)                                               # needs sage.modules
+            'a'
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F.print_options(latex_names={1:'x', 2:'y'}, names=None)
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, False) is None
+            True
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, True)
+            'x'
+            sage: F._parse_names(3, True) is None
+            True
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F.print_options(names={1:'a', 3:'c'}, latex_names=None)
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, False)
+            'a'
+            sage: F._parse_names(1, True)
+            'a'
+            sage: F._parse_names(2, False) is None
+            True
+            sage: F._parse_names(2, True) is None
+            True
+        """
+        names = self._print_options.get('names', None)
+        if use_latex:
+            latex_names = self._print_options.get('latex_names', None)
+            if latex_names is not None:
+                names = latex_names
+
+        if names is not None:
+            if isinstance(names, dict):
+                try:
+                    return names[m]
+                except KeyError:
+                    return None
+            else:  # treat it like a list
+                try:
+                    i = self._indices.rank(m)
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError, KeyError, ValueError):
+                    return None
+                if i >= len(names):
+                    return None
+                try:
+                    return names[i]
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError, KeyError, ValueError):
+                    return None
+        return None
+
+    def _repr_generator(self, m):
+        """
+        Return a string representing the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        The output can be customized by setting any of the following
+        options when initializing the parent:
+
+        - ``prefix``
+        - ``bracket``
+        - ``scalar_mult``
+        - ``names``
+        - ``iterate_key``
+
+        Alternatively, one can use the :meth:`print_options` method
+        to achieve the same effect.  To modify the bracket setting,
+        one can also set ``self._repr_option_bracket`` as long as one
+        has *not* set the ``bracket`` option: if the
+        ``bracket`` option is anything but ``None``, it overrides
+        the value of ``self._repr_option_bracket``.
+
+        See the documentation for :class:`CombinatorialFreeModule` for
+        details on the initialization options.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'])                      # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e = F.basis()                                                         # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e['a'] + 2*e['b']    # indirect doctest                               # needs sage.modules
+            B['a'] + 2*B['b']
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'], prefix='F')
+            sage: e = F.basis()
+            sage: e['a'] + 2*e['b']    # indirect doctest
+            F['a'] + 2*F['b']
+            sage: F.print_options(string_quotes=False)
+            sage: e['a'] + 2*e['b']
+            F[a] + 2*F[b]
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['aa', 'bb', 'cc'], prefix='F')
+            sage: e = F.basis()
+            sage: F.print_options(iterate_key=True)
+            sage: e['aa'] + 2*e['bb']
+            F['a', 'a'] + 2*F['b', 'b']
+            sage: F.print_options(string_quotes=False)
+            sage: e['aa'] + 2*e['bb']
+            F[a, a] + 2*F[b, b]
+
+            sage: # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: QS3 = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, Permutations(3), prefix="")
+            sage: original_print_options = QS3.print_options()
+            sage: a = 2*QS3([1,2,3])+4*QS3([3,2,1])
+            sage: a                      # indirect doctest
+            2*[[1, 2, 3]] + 4*[[3, 2, 1]]
+
+            sage: QS3.print_options(bracket = False)                                    # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: a              # indirect doctest                                     # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            2*[1, 2, 3] + 4*[3, 2, 1]
+
+            sage: QS3.print_options(prefix='')                                          # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: a              # indirect doctest                                     # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            2*[1, 2, 3] + 4*[3, 2, 1]
+
+            sage: QS3.print_options(bracket="|", scalar_mult=" *@* ")                   # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: a              # indirect doctest                                     # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            2 *@* |[1, 2, 3]| + 4 *@* |[3, 2, 1]|
+
+            sage: QS3.print_options(bracket="|", scalar_mult="*", iterate_key=True)     # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: a              # indirect doctest                                     # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            2*|1, 2, 3| + 4*|3, 2, 1|
+
+            sage: QS3.print_options(**original_print_options)  # reset                  # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [('a', 'b'), ('c','d')])              # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e = F.basis()                                                         # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e[('a','b')] + 2*e[('c','d')]    # indirect doctest                   # needs sage.modules
+            B[('a', 'b')] + 2*B[('c', 'd')]
+
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ)                               # needs sage.modules
+            sage: a + 2*b                                                               # needs sage.modules
+            a + 2*b
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ZZ)
+            sage: e = F.basis()
+            sage: 3*e[1] + 2*e[-2]
+            2*B[-2] + 3*B[1]
+            sage: F.print_options(iterate_key=True)
+            sage: 3*e[1] + 2*e[-2]
+            2*B[-2] + 3*B[1]
+        """
+        ret = self._parse_names(m, False)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return ret
+        bracket = self._print_options.get('bracket', None)
+        bracket_d = {"{": "}", "[": "]", "(": ")"}
+        if bracket is None:
+            bracket = self._repr_option_bracket
+        if bracket is True:
+            left = "["
+            right = "]"
+        elif bracket is False:
+            left = ""
+            right = ""
+        elif isinstance(bracket, (tuple, list)):
+            left = bracket[0]
+            right = bracket[1]
+        elif bracket in bracket_d:
+            left = bracket
+            right = bracket_d[bracket]
+        else:
+            left = bracket
+            right = bracket
+        iterate_key = self._print_options.get('iterate_key', False)
+        quotes = self._print_options.get('string_quotes', True)
+        if iterate_key:
+            try:
+                m = iter(m)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass  # not iterable, so fallback to normal behavior
+            else:
+                if not quotes:
+                    return self.prefix() + left + (', '.join(str(val) for val in m)) + right
+                return self.prefix() + left + (', '.join(repr(val) for val in m)) + right
+        if not quotes and isinstance(m, str):
+            return self.prefix() + left + m + right
+        return self.prefix() + left + repr(m) + right  # mind the (m), to accept a tuple for m
+
+    def _ascii_art_generator(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return an ascii art representing the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: R = NonCommutativeSymmetricFunctions(QQ).R()
+            sage: ascii_art(R[1,2,2,4])
+            R
+               ****
+              **
+             **
+             *
+            sage: Partitions.options(diagram_str='#', convention='french')
+            sage: ascii_art(R[1,2,2,4])
+            R
+             #
+             ##
+              ##
+               ####
+            sage: Partitions.options._reset()
+
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ)                               # needs sage.modules
+            sage: ascii_art(a + 2*b)                                                    # needs sage.modules
+            a + 2*b
+        """
+        from sage.typeset.ascii_art import AsciiArt, ascii_art
+        ret = self._parse_names(m, False)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return ascii_art(ret)
+
+        pref = AsciiArt([self.prefix()])
+        if not pref:
+            return ascii_art(m)
+        r = pref * (AsciiArt([" " * len(pref)]) + ascii_art(m))
+        r._baseline = r._h - 1
+        return r
+
+    def _unicode_art_generator(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return an unicode art representing the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.combinat
+            sage: R = NonCommutativeSymmetricFunctions(QQ).R()                          # needs sage.modules
+            sage: unicode_art(R[1,2,2,4])                                               # needs sage.modules
+            R
+               ┌┬┬┬┐
+              ┌┼┼┴┴┘
+             ┌┼┼┘
+             ├┼┘
+             └┘
+            sage: Partitions.options.convention="french"
+            sage: unicode_art(R[1,2,2,4])                                               # needs sage.modules
+            R
+             ┌┐
+             ├┼┐
+             └┼┼┐
+              └┼┼┬┬┐
+               └┴┴┴┘
+            sage: Partitions.options._reset()
+
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ)                               # needs sage.modules
+            sage: unicode_art(a + 2*b)                                                  # needs sage.modules
+            a + 2*b
+        """
+        from sage.typeset.unicode_art import UnicodeArt, unicode_art
+        ret = self._parse_names(m, False)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return unicode_art(ret)
+
+        pref = UnicodeArt([self.prefix()])
+        if not pref:
+            return unicode_art(m)
+        r = pref * (UnicodeArt([" " * len(pref)]) + unicode_art(m))
+        r._baseline = r._h - 1
+        return r
+
+    def _latex_generator(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return a `\LaTeX` for the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        The output can be customized by setting any of the following
+        options when initializing the parent:
+
+        - ``prefix``
+        - ``latex_prefix``
+        - ``latex_bracket``
+        - ``names``
+        - ``latex_names``
+
+        (Alternatively, one can use the :meth:`print_options` method
+        to achieve the same effect.)
+
+        See the documentation for :class:`CombinatorialFreeModule` for
+        details on the initialization options.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'])                      # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e = F.basis()                                                         # needs sage.modules
+            sage: latex(e['a'] + 2*e['b'])    # indirect doctest                        # needs sage.modules
+            B_{a} + 2 B_{b}
+
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, ['a', 'b', 'c'], prefix='C')          # needs sage.modules
+            sage: e = F.basis()                                                         # needs sage.modules
+            sage: latex(e['a'] + 2*e['b'])    # indirect doctest                        # needs sage.modules
+            C_{a} + 2 C_{b}
+
+            sage: # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+            sage: QS3 = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, Permutations(3),
+            ....:                               prefix='', scalar_mult='*')
+            sage: original_print_options = QS3.print_options()
+            sage: a = 2*QS3([1,2,3])+4*QS3([3,2,1])
+            sage: latex(a)                     # indirect doctest
+            2 [1, 2, 3] + 4 [3, 2, 1]
+            sage: QS3.print_options(latex_bracket=True)
+            sage: latex(a)                     # indirect doctest
+            2 \left[ [1, 2, 3] \right] + 4 \left[ [3, 2, 1] \right]
+            sage: QS3.print_options(latex_bracket="(")
+            sage: latex(a)                     # indirect doctest
+            2 \left( [1, 2, 3] \right) + 4 \left( [3, 2, 1] \right)
+            sage: QS3.print_options(latex_bracket=('\\myleftbracket',
+            ....:                                  '\\myrightbracket'))
+            sage: latex(a)                     # indirect doctest
+            2 \myleftbracket [1, 2, 3] \myrightbracket + 4 \myleftbracket [3, 2, 1] \myrightbracket
+            sage: QS3.print_options(**original_print_options) # reset
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.modules
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [('a', 'b'), (0,1,2)])
+            sage: e = F.basis()
+            sage: latex(e[('a','b')])    # indirect doctest
+            B_{('a', 'b')}
+            sage: latex(2*e[(0,1,2)])    # indirect doctest
+            2 B_{\left(0, 1, 2\right)}
+            sage: F = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [('a', 'b'), (0,1,2)], prefix="")
+            sage: e = F.basis()
+            sage: latex(2*e[(0,1,2)])    # indirect doctest
+            2 \left(0, 1, 2\right)
+
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, latex_names='x,y,z')          # needs sage.modules
+            sage: latex(a + 2*b)                                                        # needs sage.modules
+            x + 2 y
+        """
+        from sage.misc.latex import latex
+
+        ret = self._parse_names(m, True)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return ret
+
+        s = latex(m)
+        if s.find('\\text{\\textt') != -1:
+            # m contains "non-LaTeXed" strings, use string representation
+            s = str(m)
+
+        # dictionary with left-right pairs of "brackets".  put pairs
+        # in here accept \\left and \\right as prefixes.
+        bracket_d = {"{": "\\}", "[": "]", "(": ")", "\\{": "\\}",
+                     "|": "|", "||": "||"}
+        bracket = self._print_options.get('latex_bracket', False)
+        if bracket is True:
+            left = "\\left["
+            right = "\\right]"
+        elif bracket is False:
+            left = ""
+            right = ""
+        elif isinstance(bracket, (tuple, list)):
+            left = bracket[0]
+            right = bracket[1]
+        elif bracket in bracket_d:
+            left = bracket
+            right = bracket_d[bracket]
+            if left == "{":
+                left = "\\{"
+            left = "\\left" + left
+            right = "\\right" + right
+        else:
+            left = bracket
+            right = bracket
+        prefix = self._print_options.get('latex_prefix')
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = self._print_options.get('prefix')
+        if prefix == "":
+            return left + s + right
+        return "%s_{%s}" % (prefix, s)
+
+
+def split_index_keywords(kwds):
+    """
+    Split the dictionary ``kwds`` into two dictionaries, one containing
+    keywords for :class:`IndexedGenerators`, and the other is everything else.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The dictionary containing only they keywords
+    for :class:`IndexedGenerators`. This modifies the dictionary ``kwds``.
+
+    .. WARNING::
+
+        This modifies the input dictionary ``kwds``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.indexed_generators import split_index_keywords
+        sage: d = {'string_quotes': False, 'bracket': None, 'base': QQ}
+        sage: split_index_keywords(d)
+        {'bracket': None, 'string_quotes': False}
+        sage: d
+        {'base': Rational Field}
+    """
+    ret = {}
+    for option in ['prefix', 'latex_prefix', 'bracket', 'latex_bracket',
+                   'scalar_mult', 'latex_scalar_mult', 'tensor_symbol',
+                   'sorting_key', 'sorting_reverse',
+                   'string_quotes']:
+        try:
+            ret[option] = kwds.pop(option)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+    return ret
+
+
+def parse_indices_names(names, index_set, prefix, kwds=None):
+    """
+    Parse the names, index set, and prefix input, along with setting
+    default values for keyword arguments ``kwds``.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The triple ``(N, I, p)``:
+
+    - ``N`` is the tuple of variable names,
+    - ``I`` is the index set, and
+    - ``p`` is the prefix.
+
+    This modifies the dictionary ``kwds``.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        When the indices, names, or prefix have not been given, it
+        should be passed to this function as ``None``.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        For handling default prefixes, if the result will be ``None`` if
+        it is not processed in this function.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.indexed_generators import parse_indices_names
+        sage: d = {}
+        sage: parse_indices_names('x,y,z', ZZ, None, d)
+        (('x', 'y', 'z'), Integer Ring, None)
+        sage: d
+        {}
+        sage: d = {}
+        sage: parse_indices_names('x,y,z', None, None, d)
+        (('x', 'y', 'z'), {'x', 'y', 'z'}, '')
+        sage: d
+        {'string_quotes': False}
+        sage: d = {}
+        sage: parse_indices_names(None, ZZ, None, d)
+        (None, Integer Ring, None)
+        sage: d
+        {}
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: d = {'string_quotes':True, 'bracket':'['}
+        sage: parse_indices_names(['a','b','c'], ZZ, 'x', d)
+        (('a', 'b', 'c'), Integer Ring, 'x')
+        sage: d
+        {'bracket': '[', 'string_quotes': True}
+        sage: parse_indices_names('x,y,z', None, 'A', d)
+        (('x', 'y', 'z'), {'x', 'y', 'z'}, 'A')
+        sage: d
+        {'bracket': '[', 'string_quotes': True}
+    """
+    if index_set is None:
+        if names is None:
+            raise ValueError("either the indices or names must be given")
+
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = ''
+        if kwds is None:
+            kwds = {}
+        kwds.setdefault('string_quotes', False)
+
+    names, index_set = standardize_names_index_set(names, index_set, -1)
+
+    return (names, index_set, prefix)
+
+
+def standardize_names_index_set(names=None, index_set=None, ngens=None):
+    """
+    Standardize the ``names`` and ``index_set`` inputs.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``names`` -- (optional) the variable names
+    - ``index_set`` -- (optional) the index set
+    - ``ngens`` -- (optional) the number of generators
+
+    If ``ngens`` is a negative number, then this does not check that
+    the number of variable names matches the size of the index set.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A pair ``(names_std, index_set_std)``, where ``names_std`` is either
+    ``None`` or a tuple of strings, and where ``index_set_std`` is a finite
+    enumerated set.
+    The purpose of ``index_set_std`` is to index the generators of some object
+    (e.g., the basis of a module); the strings in ``names_std``, when they
+    exist, are used for printing these indices. The ``ngens``
+
+    If ``names`` contains exactly one name ``X`` and ``ngens`` is greater than
+    1, then ``names_std`` are ``Xi`` for ``i`` in ``range(ngens)``.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.indexed_generators import standardize_names_index_set
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set('x,y')
+        (('x', 'y'), {'x', 'y'})
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set(['x','y'])
+        (('x', 'y'), {'x', 'y'})
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set(['x','y'], ['a','b'])
+        (('x', 'y'), {'a', 'b'})
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set('x,y', ngens=2)
+        (('x', 'y'), {'x', 'y'})
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set(index_set=['a','b'], ngens=2)
+        (None, {'a', 'b'})
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set('x', ngens=3)
+        (('x0', 'x1', 'x2'), {'x0', 'x1', 'x2'})
+
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the index_set, names, or number of generators must be specified
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set(['x'], ['a', 'b'])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        IndexError: the number of names must equal the size of the indexing set
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set('x,y', ['a'])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        IndexError: the number of names must equal the size of the indexing set
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set('x,y,z', ngens=2)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        IndexError: the number of names must equal the number of generators
+        sage: standardize_names_index_set(index_set=['a'], ngens=2)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        IndexError: the size of the indexing set must equal the number of generators
+    """
+    if names is not None:
+        if ngens is None or ngens < 0:
+            names = normalize_names(-1, names)
+        else:
+            names = normalize_names(ngens, names)
+
+    if index_set is None:
+        if names is None:
+            # If neither is specified, we make range(ngens) the index set
+            if ngens is None:
+                raise ValueError("the index_set, names, or number of"
+                                 " generators must be specified")
+            index_set = tuple(range(ngens))
+        else:
+            # If only the names are specified, then we make the indexing set
+            #   be the names
+            index_set = tuple(names)
+
+    from sage.sets.finite_enumerated_set import FiniteEnumeratedSet
+    if isinstance(index_set, dict):  # dict of {name: index} -- not likely to be used
+        if names is not None:
+            raise ValueError("cannot give index_set as a dict and names")
+        names = normalize_names(-1, tuple(index_set.keys()))
+        index_set = FiniteEnumeratedSet([index_set[n] for n in names])
+    elif isinstance(index_set, str):
+        index_set = FiniteEnumeratedSet(list(index_set))
+    elif isinstance(index_set, (tuple, list)):
+        index_set = FiniteEnumeratedSet(index_set)
+
+    if ngens is None or ngens >= 0:
+        if names is not None:
+            if len(names) != index_set.cardinality():
+                raise IndexError("the number of names must equal"
+                                 " the size of the indexing set")
+            if ngens is not None and len(names) != ngens:
+                raise IndexError("the number of names must equal the"
+                                 " number of generators")
+        elif ngens is not None and index_set.cardinality() != ngens:
+            raise IndexError("the size of the indexing set must equal"
+                             " the number of generators")
+
+    return (names, index_set)